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Ma J, Fan X, Sun G, Yin F, Zhou G, Zhao Z, Gan S. Replacing alfalfa hay with amaranth hay: effects on production performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and antioxidant ability in dairy cow. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:218-227. [PMID: 37946438 PMCID: PMC10766491 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to explore the effects of dietary substitution of alfalfa hay by amaranth hay on production performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant ability in dairy cows. METHODS A total of 45 healthy Holstein cows with same parity and similar milk yield and body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups: control diet without amaranth hay (CON) or 50% and 100% alfalfa hay replaced by an equal amount of amaranth hay (dry matter basis, AH1 and AH2, respectively). All the cows were fed regularly 3 times a day at 06:30, 14:30, and 22:30 and had free access to water. The experiment lasted for 60 d. RESULTS The dry matter intake of CON and AH1 groups was higher (p<0.05) than that of AH2 group. Compared with AH1 group, the milk yield of AH2 group was reduced (p<0.05). Moreover, dietary substitution of alfalfa hay by amaranth hay increased (p<0.05) milk fat, ammonia nitrogen and acetate concentrations. However, the crude protein digestibility of AH2 group was lower (p<0.05) than that of CON group, while an opposite tendency of serum urea nitrogen was found between two groups. The neutral detergent fiber digestibility of AH1 group was increased (p<0.05) when compared to AH2 group. Amaranth hay treatment increased (p<0.05) the serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase in dairy cows. Compared with CON group, the malonaldehyde activity of AH1 group was decreased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary replacing alfalfa hay with amaranth hay (50% ratio) in dairy cows did not affect production performance but improved their antioxidant ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088,
China
| | - Xue Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070,
China
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Modern Animal Husbandry (Hefei) Co. Ltd., Hefei 230000,
China
| | - Fuquan Yin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088,
China
| | - Guangxian Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088,
China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088,
China
| | - Shangquan Gan
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088,
China
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Ren Y, Zhaxi Y, Ciwang R, Wang Z, Liu M. Responses of rumen microorganisms and metabolites to different roughage of domesticated Tibetan sheep. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247609. [PMID: 37664115 PMCID: PMC10469951 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep can utilize high fiber feeds well. However, the mechanisms of rumen microbiota and metabolites in response to different roughage in a housed environment are still unclear. We fed Tibetan sheep with three different roughage diets: 50% whole corn silage (TS), 50% wheatgrass group (TW), and 25% each of whole corn silage and wheatgrass (TM). Subsequently, meat traits, rumen contents 16S rRNA and metabolomics were studied. The results showed that feeding wheat straw to Tibetan sheep significantly increased the abundance of bacteria such as Ruminococcus and Succiniclasticum in the rumen. These microorganisms significantly increased metabolites such as beta-alanyl-L-lysine, butanoic acid and prostaglandin E2. Eventually, production performance, such as carcass weight and intramuscular fat and meat quality characteristics, such as color and tenderness were improved by altering the rumen's amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This study demonstrated that including 25% wheatgrass and 25% whole corn silage in the diet improved the performance of Tibetan sheep, revealing the effect of the diet on the performance of Tibetan sheep through rumen microorganisms and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Yangzhong Zhaxi
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Renzeng Ciwang
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
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Song J, Ma Y, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang G. Fermented Total Mixed Ration Alters Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061062. [PMID: 36978603 PMCID: PMC10044477 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine changes and interactions of ruminal microbiota and chemical parameters in dairy cows fed FTMR. Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows (Body weight = 616 ± 13.4 kg; day in milk = 106 ± 7.55 d; and parity = 2.31 ± 0.49; mean ± standard deviation) were divided randomly into two treatments depending on the day in milk, milk production, and parity. The two treatments were: (1) total mixed ration (TMR) and (2) FTMR. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to explore the changes in the ruminal microbiota. The results revealed that the bacterial and fungal diversity of the FTMR group were significantly higher than the TMR group. The predominant microbiota phyla in the bacteria and fungi showed significant differences between TMR and FTMR, as follows: Verrucomicrobia (p = 0.03) and Tenericutes (p = 0.01), Ascomycota (p = 0.04) and Basidiomycota (p = 0.04). The dominant bacterial genera in the bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and archaea that showed significant differences between TMR and FTMR were Unclassified_Bacteroidales (p = 0.02), Unclassified_RFP12 (p = 0.03), Candida (p = 0.0005), Bullera (p = 0.002), Cryptococcus (p = 0.007), and Ostracodinium (p = 0.01). LefSe analysis was performed to reveal the biomarker genera of the rumen microbiota community (bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and archaea) in the TMR and FTMR were the genera Shuttleworthia, Ruminococcus, Cryptococcus, Mycosphaerella, Bullera, Candida, and Ostracodinium. NH3-N concentration (p < 0.0001), total VFA concentration (p = 0.003), and molar proportion in total VFA of acetate (p = 0.01) were higher for the cows fed FTMR compared with the cows fed the TMR. Several bacterial genera showed significant correlations with rumen fermentation parameters. The genus Unclassified_Bacteroidales and Bullera were positively correlated with total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetate, whereas Candida and Ostracodinium showed negative correlations. Meanwhile, propionate was positively correlated with Candida and negatively correlated with Bullera. The PICRUSt functional profile prediction indicated that the xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, the lipid, amino acid, terpenoids, and polyketides metabolisms of the FTMR group were significantly higher than that of the TMR group. The results imply that FTMR can increase lipid and amino acid metabolism, and modulate the rumen microbiome and improve ruminal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuansheng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guangning Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.Z.)
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Kong F, Wang W, Li S. Comparison of Nutritional Components, Ruminal Degradation Characteristics and Feed Value from Different Cultivars of Alfalfa Hay. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040734. [PMID: 36830521 PMCID: PMC9951848 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cultivars of alfalfa hay, including American Anderson (AA), American Golden Empress (GE), China Zhongmu No. 1 (ZM1) and China Gongnong No. 1 (GN1), on conventional nutrient composition, rumen degradation characteristics and feed value. Four healthy Holstein cows (137 ± 14 days in milk, 2.40 ± 0.50 parity) equipped with permanent ruminal cannulas were examined for the nylon-bag technique. The alfalfa hay samples were incubated in the rumen for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h according to the "gradual in/all out" schedule to detect the ruminal nutrients' degradability. Our results showed that various cultivars of alfalfa hay from different planting regions had significant differences on nutrient contents, rumen degradability and feed value. For nutritional components of alfalfa hay, the highest dry matter (DM) content was found in GE and the lowest in GN1 (p < 0.001); however, GN1 had the greatest concentration of ether extract (EE, p = 0.01), Ca (p < 0.001) and the lowest Ash (p < 0.001). Additionally, the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and highest starch contents were observed in AA and GE (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the cultivar of ZM1 represented the highest NDF, ADF and Ash contents, in conjunction with minimal CP and P concentrations (p < 0.001). In terms of rumen degradation characteristics, the effective degradation rate (ED) of DM in GE and ZM1 was significantly higher than that in AA and GN1 (p = 0.013). The NDF effective degradation was lower in ZM1 than the other three cultivars (p = 0.002), and in addition ZM1 also showed lower CP and ADF effective degradation than GE (p < 0.001). As far as feed value was concerned, the cultivar of alfalfa hay imported from the US, including AA and GE, exhibited higher relative feed value (RFV) and relative forage quality (RFQ) than Chinese alfalfa based on ZM1 and GN1 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results suggested that the cultivar of GE exhibited greater rumen degradable characteristics and feed value, while ZM1 showed the opposite status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Beijing Sino Agricultural Aiko Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanlin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-10-62731254 (S.L.)
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-10-62731254 (S.L.)
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Li Y, Mei J, Wang J, Liu H. Effects of dandelion (Taraxacum sp.,) supplements on lactation performance, antioxidative activity, and plasma metabolome in primiparous dairy cows. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:229-237. [PMID: 36108692 PMCID: PMC9834724 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of dandelion supplements on lactation performance, circulating antioxidative activity and plasma metabolomics in primiparous dairy cows. METHODS A total of 60 mid-lactation dairy cows (milk yield = 34.29±0.34 kg/d; days in milk = 151.72±2.36 days) were divided into 4 treatment groups randomly, comprising the addition of dandelion at 0, 100, 200, 400 g/d per head. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks with an extra 10 days' pre-feeding period. Milk and blood samples were collected, and plasma samples were selected to perform metabolomics analysis. RESULTS Supplementing 200 g/d of dandelion increased the yield of milk and lactose (p≤ 0.05). The milk somatic cell counts (p≤0.05) were lower in all dandelion groups than those in the control group. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (p≤0.05) and superoxide dismutase (p≤0.05) were increased and plasma malondialdehyde (p = 0.01) was decreased when cows were fed 200 g/d dandelion. Plasma metabolomics analysis showed that 23 hub differential metabolites were identified in the 200 g/d dandelion group. These metabolites such as ribose, glutamic acid, valine, and phenylalanine were enriched in D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism (p = 0.06, impact value = 1), phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis (p = 0.05, impact value = 0.5), and starch and sucrose metabolism (p = 0.21, impact value = 0.13). Moreover, correlation analysis showed that circulating ribose, mannose, and glutamic acid were positively related to milk yield. CONCLUSION Dandelion supplementation could improve lactation performance and elevate the plasma carbohydrate and amino acids metabolism and antioxidative activity. Supplementation of 200 g/d dandelion is recommended for lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China,Corresponding Author: Hongyun Liu, Tel: +86-571-8898-2965, Fax: +86-571-8898-2930, E-mail:
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Wang M, Li Y, Feng J, Shen Y, Cao Y, Li Q, Gao Y, Li J. Effects of substitution of millet straw for corn silage and alfalfa hay on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites in late-lactation Holstein dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Postemsky P, Bidegain M, González Matute R, Figlas D, Caprile D, Salazar-Vidal V, Saparrat M. Mushroom Production in the Southern Cone of South America: Bioeconomy, Sustainable Development and Its Current Bloom. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 184:77-106. [PMID: 35639107 DOI: 10.1007/10_2022_203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based analysis is presented here for business development of the production of edible and medicinal mushrooms using agro-wastes in the Southern Cone of South America. This circular economy approach using edible and medicinal mushroom production on lignocellulosic residues is discussed by analysing both its advantages and drawbacks. Among its main benefits, it is notable that mushroom cultivation using lignocellulosic residues promotes innovation aimed at environmental sustainability, facilitating diversification of the labour supply and the transfer of science to the socio-cultural sphere, which also increases the availability of healthy foods. However, there are some bottlenecks in the process, such as the continuous supply chain of substrates for fungal growth, the lack of equipment and infrastructure for the implementation of cultivation systems in extreme habitats, as well as authorization requirements and other limitations related to a non-fungiphilic culture society. Therefore, this chapter tries to provide key tools for establishing sustainable guidelines for the procurement of local healthy food and other products derived from mushroom cultivation using agricultural residues in the region, which might bloom due to an SDGs-based circular economy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Postemsky
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Bidegain
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Ramiro González Matute
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Débora Figlas
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Caprile
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos (CoMP), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA) CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Salazar-Vidal
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- ONG Micófilos, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Mario Saparrat
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CCT-La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Zeng H, Liu Y, Huang K, Chen H, Yang B, Wang J. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1, C1 and C10 Are Potential Probiotics Isolated from Pineapple Residual Silage. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010029. [PMID: 36677321 PMCID: PMC9861278 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and consumption of pineapple creates large quantities of residues. Ensiling these residues might help to minimize the waste burden and meet the intensive feed demand for ruminants. Proper lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are not only responsible for pineapple residual silage fermentation, but might also deliver probiotics. The aim of this study was to isolate LAB strains with probiotic functions, and to enhance intestinal antioxidant capacity from naturally fermented pineapple residues. A total of 47 LAB isolates with gram-positive, catalase-negative, nonhemolytic properties were used for probiotic screening. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) A1, C1 and C10 were susceptible to rifampicin, gentamicin and erythromycin, did not contain virulence factor-coding genes and showed good tolerance to acid (pH 3.0), 0.5% bile salt and simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. Their hydrophobicity indices were 71.92%, 45.50% and 66.90%, respectively. All of them were able to adhere to bovine jejunum epithelial cells (BJECs) and to antagonize Escherichia coli F5 and Salmonella Dublin. These three LAB strains tolerated hydrogen peroxide and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) reactive oxygen species levels in BJECs. In addition, L. plantarum C1 and C10 significantly increased (p < 0.05) the total antioxidant capacity in BJECs in the presence of 200 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide condition. L. plantarum A1, C1 and C10 are potential probiotics isolated from pineapple residual silage. This study aims to promote pineapple residue’s utilization in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zeng
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yalu Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kailang Huang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiakun Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence:
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Replacing alfalfa hay with paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L.) silage in diets do not affect the production performance of the low lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang B, Sun H, Wang D, Liu H, Liu J. Constraints on the utilization of cereal straw in lactating dairy cows: A review from the perspective of systems biology. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:240-248. [PMID: 35600542 PMCID: PMC9097690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jiang M, Datsomor O, Cheng Z, Meng Z, Zhan K, Yang T, Huang Y, Yan Q, Zhao G. Partial Substitution of Alfalfa Hay by Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) Hay Can Improve Lactation Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Nitrogen Utilization of Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:899148. [PMID: 35664855 PMCID: PMC9158501 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing isonitrogenous and isoenergetic basis alfalfa hay (AH) with stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) hay in dairy cow diets on nutrient digestion, milk performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen (N) utilization. In this study, 24 healthy Holstein lactating dairy cattle with a similar milk yield of 33.70 ± 2.75 (mean ± SD) kg, days in milk 95.98 ± 23.59 (mean ± SD) days, and body weight 587.75 ± 66.97 (mean ± SD) kg were selected and randomly allocated into three groups. The constituents of the three treatments were (1) 30.0% AH, and 0% stevia hay (SH) for the AH group; (2) 24.0% AH, and 6% SH for the 6% SH group; (3) 18.0% AH, and 12% SH for the 12% SH group. The substitution of AH with SH did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), gross energy (GE), and other nutrients intake but increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Compared with the AH diet, the cows fed the 6% SH diet had a higher milk yield and concentration of milk fat. Fecal and urinary nitrogen (N) were lower in cows fed a 6% SH diet than in cows fed the AH diet. Milk N secretion and milk N as a percentage of N intake were higher in cows fed a 6% SH diet than in cows fed AH diets. The concentration of ruminal volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, and ammonia-N were higher in cows fed a 6% SH diet than in cows fed an AH diet. By comparison, the 12% SH group did not affect milk yield, milk composition, N utilization, and rumen fermentation compared with the AH and 6% SH groups. In conclusion, it appears that feeding 6% SH, replacing a portion of AH, may improve lactation performance and N utilization for lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Osmond Datsomor
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Meng
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Huang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqi Zhao
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The Effects of Non-Fiber Carbohydrate Content and Forage Type on Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123519. [PMID: 34944297 PMCID: PMC8698165 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For sustainable development in the dairy industry, crop by-products play an important role, especially in areas that lack pasture and are not suitable for intensive cereal-adapted production (i.e., diets containing high amounts of cereal grains). However, feeding crop by-products usually lowers milk production in dairy cows due to their poor nutrient quality. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that non-fiber carbohydrate content (NFC) is a major limiting factor for the utilization of diets based on corn stover (CS). Although the higher abundance of easily fermentable energy in NFC and forage type can influence the synthesis of VFAs and MCP in the rumen and higher NFC content or high quality forages normally have a positive influence on the lactation performance of dairy cows, the underlying microbial mechanisms and potential effects on milk production are under-investigated to date. Here, we examined microbial composition and predicted the metabolism from cows fed CS-based diets with either high levels of NFC (H-NFC), or low levels of NFC (L-NFC). Control cows were fed an alfalfa-based diet (AH). Our results show that, supplementation of the CS-based diet with additional NFC increased amino acid biosynthesis in rumen microbiota in dairy cattle, and thus resulted in better nitrogen conversion. However, lower levels of fibrolytic capacity may limit dry matter intake of cows fed H-NFC and may prevent increased milk yield. Abstract The main objective of our current study was evaluating the effects of NFC supplementation and forage type on rumen microbiota and metabolism, by comparing microbial structures and composition among samples collected from cows fed AH (alfalfa-based diet), H-NFC (CS-based diet with high NFC) and L-NFC (CS-based diet with low NFC) diets. Our results show that microbial communities were structurally different but functionally similar among groups. When compared with L-HFC, NFC increased the population of Treponema, Ruminobacter, Selenomonas and Succinimonas that were negatively correlated with ruminal NH3-N, and urea nitrogen in blood, milk and urine, as well as significantly increasing the number of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis. However, when compared to the AH group, H-NFC showed a higher abundance of bacteria relating to starch degradation and lactate production, but a lower abundance of bacteria utilizing pectin and other soluble fibers. This may lead to a slower proliferation of lignocellulose bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Marvinbryantia and Syntrophococcus. Lower fibrolytic capacity in the rumen may reduce rumen rotation rate and may limit dry matter intake and milk yield in cows fed H-NFC. The enzyme activity assays further confirmed that cellulase and xylanase activity in AH were significantly higher than H-NFC. In addition, the lower cobalt content in Gramineae plants compared to legumes, might have led to the significantly down-regulated microbial genes involved in vitamin B12 biosynthesis in H-NFC compared to AH. A lower dietary supply with vitamin B12 may restrict the synthesis of milk lactose, one of the key factors influencing milk yield. In conclusion, supplementation of a CS-based diet with additional NFC was beneficial for nitrogen conversion by increasing the activity of amino acid biosynthesis in rumen microbiota in dairy cattle. However, lower levels of fibrolytic capacity may limit dry matter intake of cows fed H-NFC and may prevent increased milk yield.
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Comparison of Ruminal Degradability, Indigestible Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Total-Tract Digestibility of Three Main Crop Straws with Alfalfa Hay and Corn Silage. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113218. [PMID: 34827950 PMCID: PMC8614524 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corn straw (Zea mays, CS), rice straw (Oryza sativa, RS), and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, WS) are the three main crop straws worldwide. Few studies on indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and total-tract digestibility (TTD) of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of these crop straws are available, which limits their utilization in dairy diets. Here, we compared the ruminal degradability, iNDF288 content, intestinal digestibility, and TTD for the CP, NDF, and ADF of these three crop straws with alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa, AH) and corn silage (Zea mays, CSil). The results showed that CS, RS, and WS had higher ruminal potential NDF degradation, intestinal digestible CP, and lower iNDF288 content compared to AH. Greater accuracies for regression equations capable of predicting the iNDF288 content and TTD were also generated based on chemical composition and ruminal degradation kinetics. Incorporating this information into rations could improve our ability to optimize the utilization of main crop straws in balanced dairy diets. Abstract Three main crop straws including corn straw (Zea mays, CS), rice straw (Oryza sativa, RS), and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, WS), and two forages including alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa, AH) and corn silage (Zea mays, CSil) were analyzed in order to compare their ruminal degradability, indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), intestinal digestibility (ID), and their total-tract digestibility (TTD) of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) using both an in situ nylon bag technique and a mobile nylon bag technique. The forage samples were incubated in the rumen for 6, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 288 h, respectively, to determine their ruminal degradability. Prior to intestinal incubation, forage samples were incubated in the rumen for 12 h and 24 h to determine the ruminal degradable content of CP, NDF, and ADF, respectively, and for 288 h to determine their iNDF288 content. Residues from the ruminal undegradable fractions (12 h for CP, 24 h for NDF and ADF) were subsequently inserted into the duodenum through a cannula to determine their intestinal digestible content. Here, the TTD of CP, NDF, and ADF were determined as the ruminal degradable content + intestinal digestible content. The results showed that AH had the highest iNDF2.4 (calculated as acid detergent lignin content × 2.4) and iNDF288 values (379.42 and 473.40 g/kg of NDF), while CS and CSil had the lowest iNDF2.4 values (177.44 and 179.43 g/kg of NDF). The ruminal degradability of CP, NDF, and ADF for CS, RS, and WS were lower than those of AH and Csil during the first 48 h of incubation. The potential degradation fraction of CP, NDF, and ADF for CSil was the highest; CS, RS, and WS were intermediate; and AH was the lowest (p < 0.05). CS, RS, and WS had a lower intestinal digestibility with respect to their rumen undegradable content of NDF (p < 0.05), and lower TTD of CP, NDF, and ADF (p < 0.05) compared to AH and CSil. General regression equations with satisfactory accuracy (R2 ≥ 0.828) were derived to predict iNDF288 and TTD based on their chemical compositions and the ruminal degradation kinetics of different forages. Incorporating this information into rations could improve our ability to optimize main crop straws utilization and milk production.
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Mu C, Hao X, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhang J. Effects of high-concentrate diet supplemented with grape seed procyanidins on the colonic fermentation, colonic morphology, and inflammatory response in lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dietary Supplementation of Inulin Ameliorates Subclinical Mastitis via Regulation of Rumen Microbial Community and Metabolites in Dairy Cows. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0010521. [PMID: 34494854 PMCID: PMC8557905 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00105-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is one of the highly infectious diseases in dairy cows with the characteristics of high incidence and nonvisible clinical symptoms. The gastrointestinal microbiota is closely related to mastitis. Inulin is a prebiotic fiber with functions in improving intestinal microbial communities and enhancing the host’s immunity. However, the impact of dietary inulin on the rumen inner environment remains unknown. The current study investigated whether inulin could relieve SCM by affecting the profiles of ruminal bacterial and metabolites in dairy cows. Inulin inclusion rates were 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/day per cow, respectively. Inulin increased milk yield, milk protein, and lactose and reduced the somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk. In serum, the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased, and IL-4 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased. Meanwhile, inulin increased the concentration of propionate, butyrate, and lactic acid (LA), while it decreased NH3-N in rumen. The propionate- and butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Prevotella and Butyrivibrio) and several beneficial commensal bacteria (e.g., Muribaculaceae and Bifidobacterium) as well as metabolites related to energy and amino acid metabolism (e.g., melibiose and l-glutamate) were increased. However, several proinflammatory bacteria (e.g., Clostridia UCG-014, Streptococcus, and Escherichia-Shigella) were decreased, accompanied by the downregulation of lipid proinflammatory metabolites, for example, ceramide(d18:0/15:0) [Cer(d18:0/15:0)] and 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin E2. In the current study, the above indicators showed the best response in the 300 g/day inulin group. Overall, dietary supplementation of inulin could alleviate inflammatory responses in cows with SCM through improving the rumen inner environment. IMPORTANCE The correlation between mastitis and the gastrointestinal microbiome in dairy cows has been demonstrated. Regulating the profile of rumen microorganisms may contribute to remission of subclinical mastitis (SCM). Supplementation of inulin in the diets of cows with SCM could increase the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and beneficial commensal bacteria in rumen and meanwhile the levels of amino acids and energy metabolism. Conversely, the abundance of ruminal bacteria and metabolites with proinflammatory effects were decreased. Our study suggests that the improvement of the rumen internal environment by inulin supplementation could ameliorate inflammatory responses during SCM in dairy cows and thus improve lactation performance and milk quality. Our results provide a theoretical basis for regulation measures of SCM in dairy cows.
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Wang Y, Xia K, Wang XN, Lin X, Liu J, Li YJ, Liu XL, Zhao WJ, Zhang YG, Guo JH. Improvement of feed intake, digestibility, plasma metabolites, and lactation performance of dairy cows fed mixed silage of sugar beet pulp and rice straw inoculated with lactic acid bacteria. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:269-280. [PMID: 34600711 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the inclusion effects of sugar beet pulp and rice straw mixture silage with inoculation (BRMS), in place of whole-plant corn silage (CS), on the dry matter intake, total-tract nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, rumen fermentation, and lactation performance in high-production dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows (body weight, 622 ± 35 kg; days in milk, 90 ± 11 d; mean ± standard deviation) were used in our experiments; the experiments were based on a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square design for 21 d, and each experimental period consisted of 14 d of adaptation, followed by 7 d of data collection. The 4 dietary treatments used were (dry matter basis): (1) 0% BRMS and 28.6% CS (0BRMS); (2) 4.3% BRMS and 24.3% CS (15BRMS); (3) 8.60% BRMS and 20.0% CS (30BRMS); and (4) 12.9% BRMS and 15.7% CS (45BRMS). The increasing inclusion of dietary BRMS was observed to linearly increase the total volatile fatty acids and the propionate concentration. The dry matter intake and digestibility values of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased linearly as the percentage of BRMS increased up to 45%. Milk yield linearly increased with the increase in the content of BRMS (39.0, 39.8, 40.9, and 40.3 kg/d for 0BRMS, 15BRMS, 30BRMS, and 45BRMS, respectively). The increasing inclusion of dietary BRMS induced a decrease in the ammonia nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen concentration, leading to a linear increase in milk protein production (1.15, 1.26, 1.35, and 1.27 kg/d for 0BRMS, 15BRMS, 30BRMS, and 45BRMS, respectively). In conclusion, the diets with the replacement of CS with BRMS up to 45% were beneficial to the production performance of high-production dairy cows, indicating that this method may be an appropriate use of sugar beet pulp and rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China; Animal Science and Technology Institute, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - K Xia
- China Oil and Foodstuffs Corporation, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - X N Wang
- Agricultural Experiment Base, Changchun, 130015, China
| | - X Lin
- AB Agri Ltd., 200050, Shanghai, China
| | - J Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Y J Li
- Animal Science and Technology Institute, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - X L Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
| | - W J Zhao
- Harbin Wondersun Pasture, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Y G Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology Institute, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - J H Guo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
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Jing-Wei Z, Yi-Yuan S, Xin L, Hua Z, Hui N, Luo-Yun F, Ben-Hai X, Jin-Jin T, Lin-Shu J. Microbiome and Metabolic Changes of Milk in Response to Dietary Supplementation With Bamboo Leaf Extract in Dairy Cows. Front Nutr 2021; 8:723446. [PMID: 34595199 PMCID: PMC8476867 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.723446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bamboo leaf extracts, with high content of flavonoids and diverse biological activities, are used in animal husbandry. Increasing evidence has suggested an association between the bovine physiology and the udder microbiome, yet whether the microbiota and the metabolites of milk affect the mammary gland health or the milk quality remains unknown. In this study, we provide a potential mechanism for the effects of bamboo leaf extracts on milk microbiota and metabolites of dairy cows. Twelve multiparous lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cows were randomly separated into two groups: basal diet as the control group (CON, n = 6) and a diet supplemented with 30 g/d bamboo leaf extract per head as antioxidants of bamboo leaf (AOB) group (AOB, n = 6) for 7 weeks (2-week adaptation, 5-week treatment). Milk samples were collected at the end of the trial (week 7) for microbiome and associated metabolic analysis by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results showed that the milk protein was increased (p < 0.0001) and somatic cell count (SCC) showed a tendency to decrease (p = 0.09) with AOB supplementation. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased (p = 0.04) while a higher relative abundance of Probacteria (p = 0.01) was seen in the group receiving AOB compared to the CON group. The AOB group had a significantly lower relative abundance of Corynebacterium_1 (p = 0.01), Aerococcus (p = 0.01), and Staphylococcus (p = 0.02). There were 64 different types of metabolites significantly upregulated, namely, glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls, and 15 significantly downregulated metabolites, such as moracetin, sphinganine, and lactulose in the AOB group. Metabolic pathway analysis of the different metabolites revealed that the sphingolipid signaling pathway was significantly enriched, together with glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and necroptosis in response to AOB supplementation. Several typical metabolites were highly correlated with specific ruminal bacteria, demonstrating a functional correlation between the milk microbiome and the associated metabolites. These insights into the complex mechanism and corresponding biological responses highlight the potential function of AOB, warranting further investigation into the regulatory role of specific pathways in the metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Jing-Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Yi-Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Niu Hui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Luo-Yun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Ben-Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Jin-Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lin-Shu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Wang D, Cai J, Wang B, Ding S, Guan LL, Liu J. Integrative network analysis revealed molecular mechanisms of urine urea output in lactating dairy cows: Potential solutions to reduce environmental nitrate contamination. Genomics 2021; 113:1522-1533. [PMID: 33774166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enriched nitrogenous compounds in the dairy farms negatively affect the surrounding soil quality and air condition. The objective of this study is to investigate the transcriptomes of five key tissues involved in nitrogen metabolism and their changes under different diets to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of urine urea nitrogen (UUN) yield, one of the indicators of nitrogenous compound secretion of dairy cows. RESULTS Cows fed high quality forage-based diet had lower UUN content and UUN yield, compared to those fed low quality forage (crop byproducts) based diets. From the transcriptomes of rumen, duodenum, jejunum, liver and udder, key driver genes and their UUN yield-associated functional gene networks were identified. In addition, the functional networks and expression of key drivers in various tissues (such as S100A8, CA1 and BPIFA2C in the duodenum; A2ML1, HMGCS2 and S100A12 in the jejunum; CYP2B6 and GLYCAM1 in the liver; APOE in the udder) changed in the cows fed crop byproducts based diet, which might be the predominant molecules to drive the increase UUN yield in these cows. CONCLUSION The information suggested that gut, liver and udder play important roles in regulating UUN yield, which could regulate nitrogen excretion waste. These findings provide fundamental information on future nutritional intervention strategies to reduce the UUN yield from dairy cows fed human inedible crop byproducts, which is vital for a sustainable and environmentally friendly dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jie Cai
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengsen Ding
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wang Y, Nan X, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Wang M, Wang H, Zhang F, Xue F, Hua D, Liu J, Yao J, Xiong B. Rumen microbiome structure and metabolites activity in dairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:36. [PMID: 33557959 PMCID: PMC7869221 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the high prevalence and complex etiology, bovine mastitis (BM) is one of the most important diseases to compromise dairy cow health and milk quality. The shift in milk compositions has been widely investigated during mastitis, but recent studies suggested that gastrointestinal microorganism also has a crucial effect on the inflammation of other peripheral tissues and organs, including the mammary gland. However, research focused on the variation of rumen inner-environment during mastitis is still limited. Therefore, the ruminal microbial profiles, metabolites, and milk compositions in cows with different udder health conditions were compared in the present study. Furthermore, the correlations between udder health status and ruminal conditions were investigated. Based on the somatic cell counts (SCC), California mastitis test (CMT) parameters and clinical symptoms of mastitis, 60 lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body conditions (excepted for the udder health condition) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20 per group) including the healthy (H) group, the subclinical mastitis (SM) group and the clinical mastitis (CM) group. Lactation performance and rumen fermentation parameters were recorded. And rumen microbiota and metabolites were also analyzed via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. Results As the degree of mastitis increased, rumen lactic acid (LA) (P < 0.01), acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate (P < 0.001), and total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) (P < 0.01) concentrations were significantly decreased. In the rumen of CM cows, the significantly increased bacteria related to intestinal and oral inflammation, such as Lachnospiraceae (FDR-adjusted P = 0.039), Moraxella (FDR-adjusted P = 0.011) and Neisseriaceae (FDR-adjusted P = 0.036), etc., were accompanied by a significant increase in 12-oxo-20-dihydroxy-leukotriene B4 (FDR-adjusted P = 5.97 × 10− 9) and 10beta-hydroxy-6beta-isobutyrylfuranoeremophilane (FDR-adjusted P = 3.88 × 10− 10). Meanwhile, in the rumen of SM cows, the Ruminiclostridium_9 (FDR-adjusted P = 0.042) and Enterorhabdus (FDR-adjusted P = 0.043) were increased along with increasing methenamine (FDR-adjusted P = 6.95 × 10− 6), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (5-HMF) (FDR-adjusted P = 2.02 × 10− 6) and 6-methoxymellein (FDR-adjusted P = 2.57 × 10− 5). The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria and probiotics in rumen, including Prevoterotoella_1 (FDR-adjusted P = 0.045) and Bifidobacterium (FDR-adjusted P = 0.035), etc., were significantly reduced, with decreasing 2-phenylbutyric acid (2-PBA) (FDR-adjusted P = 4.37 × 10− 6). Conclusion The results indicated that there was a significant shift in the ruminal microflora and metabolites associated with inflammation and immune responses during CM. Moreover, in the rumen of cows affected by SM, the relative abundance of several opportunistic pathogens and the level of metabolites which could produce antibacterial compounds or had a competitive inhibitory effect were all increased. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-020-00543-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Mengling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fuguang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Dengke Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Zhang GN, Li Y, Zhao C, Fang XP, Zhang YG. Effect of substituting wet corn gluten feed and corn stover for alfalfa hay in total mixed ration silage on lactation performance in dairy cows. Animal 2021; 15:100013. [PMID: 33558089 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) is a high moisture feed containing rapidly digestible, non-forage fiber and protein. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of substituting WCGF and corn stover for alfalfa hay in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on lactation performance and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein dairy cows (BW = 532 ± 28.9 kg and day in milk = 136 ± 5.6 d; mean ± SD) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21-d periods (14 d of diet adaption and 7 d of sample collection). Groups were balanced for parity, day in milk, and milk production and consumed one of three treatment diets during each period. The treatment diets were fed as TMR and contained similar concentrate mixtures and corn silage but different proportions of roughage and WCGF. The three treatments were: (1) 0% WCGF, 0% corn stover, and 22.1% alfalfa hay (0% WCGF); (2) 6.9% WCGF, 3.4% corn stover, and 11.8% alfalfa hay (7% WCGF); and (3) 13.3% WCGF, 4.9% corn stover, and 3.9% alfalfa hay (13.3% WCGF). Compared to the 0% WCGF diet, the cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets had a higher milk yield and concentration of milk fat, protein, lactose, and total solids. Effective degradability of DM was higher in the cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets than it was with the 0% WCGF diet. Cows fed the 13.3% WCGF had a higher CP effective degradability and a lower rumen undegraded protein than cows fed the 0% WCGF diet. The concentration of ruminal volatile fatty acids and ammonia-N was higher in cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets than cows fed the 0% WCGF diet. The fecal N was lower in cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets than it was in cows fed the 0% WCGF diet. Milk N secretion and milk N as a percent of N intake were higher in cows fed the 13.3% WCGF diet than cows fed the 0% and 7% WCGF diets. In conclusion, it appears that feeding a TMR silage containing WCGF and corn stover in combination, replacing a portion of alfalfa hay, may improve lactation performance and nitrogen utilization for lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - C Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - X P Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y G Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Mapato C, Viennasay B, Cherdthong A, Wanapat M. Milk production and composition efficiency as influenced by feeding Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mahasarakham with Tiliacora triandra, Diels pellet supplementation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:64. [PMID: 33392866 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruminal fermentation efficiency has been shown to be closely related with milk production in dairy cows. This investigation aimed at the utilization of sweet grass and bamboo grass pellet supplementation on ruminal fermentation, feed utilization efficiency, milk quantity, and quality in lactating dairy cows. Four lactating Holstein Friesian crossbreds were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to determine the effect of roughage sources and bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet (BP) supplementation on voluntary feed intake, digestibility of nutrients, fermentation characteristics of the rumen, and milk quantity and quality. Sweet grass (SG) (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mahasarakham) and rice straw (RS) were fed as roughage sources as the first factor, while the second factor was supplementation levels of BP (0 and 150 g/cow/day). The results revealed that SG (P < 0.01) and BP supplementation (P < 0.05) improved feed intake, digestibility of nutrients, especially roughage intake and digestibility of DM and NDF. Ruminal pH (P < 0.05), bacterial (P < 0.01), and fungal population (P < 0.01) were increased with SG feeding, enhancing the concentration of total VFAs (P < 0.01) and propionic acid (P < 0.01), while both SG and BP decreased methane production (P < 0.01). While milk yield (P < 0.01) and milk composition (P < 0.01), especially unsaturated fatty acids including those of conjugated linoleic acid (P < 0.001), were enhanced. Supplementation of BP containing bioactive compounds such as condensed tannins (CT) enhanced rumen bacterial population with increased total VFAs (P < 0.05) and propionic acid (P < 0.05) concentrations, while decreased methane production (P < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that SG would be beneficial to improved rumen fermentation, feed utilization, and milk production of dairy cows, while bamboo grass pellet supplementation tended to additionally improve rumen fermentation and feed intake without negative effects on milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowarit Mapato
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Bounnaxay Viennasay
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Du C, Ma L, Zhen Y, Kertz A, Zhang W, Bu D. Effects of different physical forms of starter on digestibility, growth, health, selected rumen parameters and blood metabolites in Holstein calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Forwood DL, Holman BWB, Hopkins DL, Smyth HE, Hoffman LC, Chaves AV, Meale SJ. Feeding unsaleable carrots to lambs increased performance and carcass characteristics while maintaining meat quality. Meat Sci 2020; 173:108402. [PMID: 33316707 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of feeding unsaleable carrots to lambs within a total-mixed ration (TMR) on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and sensory parameters. Thirty-six Australian Merino wether lambs were fed a control (barley-based) or carrot-based TMR for 11-weeks. Carrot-fed lambs had 2.7% higher cold dressing percentage (P = 0.03) while consuming less than control lambs. Subcutaneous fat of carrot-fed lambs contained less branch-chained, and more cis- and trans-monounsaturated fatty acids (FA; P ≤ 0.01) compared to control-fed lambs, which tended (P = 0.08) to have higher concentrations of polyunsaturated FA, despite the Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle being unchanged by diet. Under retail display conditions, L* and hue values were lower (P ≤ 0.04) for 5 d aged LL samples from carrot-fed lambs. No differences were observed in other meat quality and sensory parameters between diets. Therefore, feeding unsaleable carrots at 45% DM in a TMR can improve lamb performance and carcass characteristics, while maintaining meat quality and FA composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Forwood
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Benjamin W B Holman
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia
| | - David L Hopkins
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Louwrens C Hoffman
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Alex V Chaves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah J Meale
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
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Lactation performance, nitrogen utilization, and profitability in dairy cows fed fermented total mixed ration containing wet corn gluten feed and corn stover in combination replacing a portion of alfalfa hay. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL. Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:2530-2537. [PMID: 31873721 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Enhancing the utilization of human-inedible crop by-products by ruminants to produce high-quality milk for human consumption is an emerging global task. We performed a multi-omics-based study to decipher the regulatory biological processes of milk production when cows fed low-quality crop by-products with the aim to improve their utilization. RESULTS Seven types of different high-throughput omics data were generated across three central organs [rumen, liver and mammary gland (MG)] and biofluids (rumen fluid and blood) that involved in milk production. The integrated multi-omics analysis including metabolomics, metagenomics and transcriptomics showed altered microbiome at compositional and functional levels, microbial metabolites in the rumen, down-regulated genes and associated functions in liver and MG. These changes simultaneously contributed to down-regulated three key metabolic nodes (propionate, glucose and amino acid) across these organs and biofluids that led to lowered milk yield and quality when cows consumed corn stover (CS). Hippuric acid was identified as a biomarker that led to low milk production in CS-fed cows, suggesting a future evaluation parameter related to the metabolic mechanism of low-quality forage utilization. This study unveils the milk production-related biological mechanism across different biofluids and tissues under a low-quality forage diet, which provides a novel understanding and potential improvement strategies for future crop by-products utilization and sustainable ruminant production. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The raw files of metagenomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics data can be accessed at NCBI SRA (No. SRR5028206), EMBI-EBI (No. MTBLS411), and GEO (NO. GSE78524) databases respectively. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.,Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Wang B, Yu Z. Effects of moisture content and additives on the ensiling quality and vitamins changes of alfalfa silage with or without rain damage. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13379. [PMID: 32363708 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of moisture, rain damage, and additives on fermentation quality and vitamins change in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. Two moisture content alfalfa (53 and 72% moisture content) were received artificial rain damage. Then, the formic acid and L. plantarum (LP) + sucrose were added. After 30 days, silos were opened. The significant interaction between rain damage and moisture content were found for nutrients and fermentation characteristics in alfalfa silage, which showed more rain damage effects occurred in 53% moisture content rather than in 72% moisture content material. Treatment with LP + sucrose had lower pH value, ammonia-N/total N, and higher lactic acid content compared to the other additives. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and phylloquinone increased, but thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid decreased in alfalfa silage treated with LP + sucrose, especially when the alfalfa was subjected to rain damage. The highly significant correlations were found between pantothenic acid (VB5) and pH, and between VB5 and lactic acid. The improvements in fermentation quality by adding of LP + sucrose was observed after rain damage for either 53% or 72% moisture alfalfa, which can be a guideline for forage processor who ensiles alfalfa after rain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grass Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Pulina G, Tondo A, Danieli PP, Primi R, Matteo Crovetto G, Fantini A, Macciotta NPP, Atzori AS. How to manage cows yielding 20,000 kg of milk: technical challenges and environmental implications. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1805370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pulina
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Pier Paolo Danieli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Primi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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28
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Molavian M, Ghorbani GR, Rafiee H, Beauchemin KA. Substitution of wheat straw with sugarcane bagasse in low-forage diets fed to mid-lactation dairy cows: Milk production, digestibility, and chewing behavior. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8034-8047. [PMID: 32684450 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse (SB) is a low-quality roughage source that is often plentiful during times of forage shortage. It is generally less costly compared with other conventional sources of forage. We hypothesized that SB could be used as a source of roughage for dairy cattle by replacing wheat straw (WS), another low-quality forage. This study evaluated the effects of replacing WS with SB in diets offered to mid-lactation dairy cows on milk production and fatty acid profile, intake, digestibility, chewing activity, and ruminal fermentation. Nine multiparous Holstein cows averaging (mean ± standard deviation) 105 ± 12 d in milk, 42.1 ± 2.9 kg of milk/d, and 617 ± 59 kg of body weight were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with 21-d periods. Treatments were (% of dietary dry matter, DM): (1) 0SB, diet containing 0% SB and 27% WS, (2) 9SB, diet containing 9% SB and 18% WS, and (3) 18SB, diet containing 18% SB and 9% WS. Sugarcane bagasse had greater organic matter (OM; 94.1 vs. 85.1% of DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 86.2 vs. 76.4% of DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF; 62.9 vs. 45.2% of DM), and lignin (19.9 vs. 10.3% of DM) concentration, but less crude protein (CP; 2.63 vs. 3.72% of DM) concentration than WS. Sugarcane bagasse also had greater physically effective NDF (total dietary NDF multiplied by % of TMR on the 8-mm + 19-mm sieves, peNDF8; 63.2 vs. 40.6% of DM) and undegraded NDF after 288 h of incubation (uNDF288; 35.5 vs. 21.2% of DM) contents than WS. The undegraded NDF after 30 h of incubation (uNDF30) content was similar for all diets; however, peNDF8 concentration and proportion of long particles (retained on a 19-mm sieve) increased linearly as SB inclusion in the diets increased. Cows increasingly sorted against long particles as SB replaced WS. Intakes of DM (26.53 kg/d) and NDF (8.58 kg/d) did not differ among the treatments, but intakes of OM and CP decreased, whereas ADF and uNDF288 intakes increased with SB inclusion level. Total-tract digestibilities of OM, CP, and NDF decreased linearly as SB replaced WS. Milk yield (37.0 kg/d), energy-corrected milk yield (ECM; 38.2 kg/d), feed efficiency (1.44 kg ECM yield/kg DM intake), and milk composition (fat, 3.89%; true protein, 2.90%) did not differ among diets. Increasing SB concentration of the diet linearly increased rumination time, but ruminal pH (ruminocentesis, 4 h after feeding) decreased. Total volatile fatty acid concentration increased linearly, whereas acetate:propionate decreased linearly, as SB replaced WS. The results indicate that replacement of WS with increasing levels of SB in low-forage diets with similar uNDF30 concentrations did not affect performance of mid-lactation dairy cows. We conclude that SB can be used as a fiber source in diets fed to dairy cows in mid-lactation; however, the decrease in total-tract digestibility of diets may decrease lactational performance when fed to high-producing dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Molavian
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - H Rafiee
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - K A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
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29
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Gao S, Zhou Z, Wang J, Loor J, Bionaz M, Ma L, Bu D. Diet Composition Affects Liver and Mammary Tissue Transcriptome in Primiparous Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1191. [PMID: 32674414 PMCID: PMC7401567 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the overall adaptations of liver and mammary tissue to a corn stover (CS) compared to a mixed forage (MF) diet in mid-lactation primiparous dairy cows. Twenty-four primiparous lactating Holstein cows were randomly allocated to 2 groups receiving either an alfalfa forage diet (MF, F:C = 60:40) with Chinese wildrye, alfalfa hay and corn silage as forage source or a corn stover forage diet (CS, F:C = 40:60). A subgroup of cows (n = 5/diet) was used for analysis of liver and mammary transcriptome using a 4 × 44K Bovine Agilent microarray chip. The results of functional annotation analysis showed that in liver CS vs. MF inhibited pathways related to lipid metabolism while induced the activity of the potassium channel. In mammary tissue, fatty acid metabolism was activated in CS vs. MF. In conclusion, the analysis of genes affected by CS vs. MF indicated mammary gland responding to lower level of linoleate from the diet (lower in CS vs. MF) by activating the associated biosynthesis metabolic pathway while the liver adaptively activated potassium transport to compensate for a lower K ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Juan Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 17019, USA;
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.G.); (J.W.)
- Joint Laboratory on Integrated Crop-Tree-Livestock Systems of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Beijing 100193, China
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30
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Effects of Paper Mulberry Silage on the Milk Production, Apparent Digestibility, Antioxidant Capacity, and Fecal Bacteria Composition in Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071152. [PMID: 32645955 PMCID: PMC7401539 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera; PM) is a type of roughage rich in bioactive substances, such as phenolics and flavonoids, which are beneficial for animal health. This study evaluated the apparent digestibility of PM silage in Holstein dairy cows and its effect on the milk production, antioxidant capacity, and fecal bacteria composition of the animals. The results showed that the PM silage had no significant influence on the milk yield, apparent digestibility, and fecal bacteria composition of dairy cows. However, diets with PM silage can enhance the antioxidant and immune capacity of dairy cows, mainly due to the bioactive substance in PM. Today, faced with a shortage of feedstuff resources in ruminants, PM can be a useful feed resource for ruminants. Simultaneously, with the ban on antibiotics, PM may become an important functional feed for protecting animal health. Abstract Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera; PM) is an excellent and extensive type of roughage in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PM silage on the milk production, apparent digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and fecal bacteria composition in Holstein dairy cows. Forty-five lactating Holstein dairy cows with a similar milk yield and parity were selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The control group was fed a non-PM silage diet, and the PM-treated groups were fed 4.5 and 9.0% PM silage supplementary diets for 28 days. Then, treatment groups were fed diets containing 13.5 and 18.0% PM silage for the next 28 days, respectively. PM silage increased the milk urea nitrogen and decreased the somatic cell count (p < 0.05), but did not affect the dry matter intake, milk yield, apparent digestibility, and energy balance of dairy cows. PM silage can enhance the blood total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and immune globulin content (p < 0.05). The PM silage significantly decreased the relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Tyzzerella-4 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PM silage enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immunity of dairy cows, but did not influence the milk yield, dry matter digestibility, and fecal bacteria composition.
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Park T, Ma L, Ma Y, Zhou X, Bu D, Yu Z. Dietary energy sources and levels shift the multi-kingdom microbiota and functions in the rumen of lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:66. [PMID: 32582444 PMCID: PMC7310258 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary energy source and level in lactation diets can profoundly affect milk yield and composition. Such dietary effects on lactation performance are underpinned by alteration of the rumen microbiota, of which bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa may vary differently. However, few studies have examined all the four groups of rumen microbes. This study investigated the effect of both the level and source of dietary energy on rumen bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa in the rumen of lactating dairy cows. A 2 × 2 factorial design resulted in four dietary treatments: low and high dietary energy levels (LE: 1.52–1.53; and HE: 1.71–1.72 Mcal/kg dry matter) and two dietary energy sources (GC: finely ground corn; and SFC: steam-flaked corn). We used a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design using eight primiparous Chinese Holstein cows with each period lasting for 21 d. The rumen microbiota was analyzed using metataxonomics based on kingdom-specific phylogenetic markers [16S rRNA gene for bacteria and archaea, 18S rRNA gene for protozoa, and internally transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) for fungi] followed with subsequent functional prediction using PICRUSt2. Results The GC resulted in a higher prokaryotic (bacterial and archaeal) species richness and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity than SFC. For the eukaryotic (fungi and protozoa) microbiota, the LE diets led to significantly higher values of the above measurements than the HE diets. Among the major classified taxa, 23 genera across all the kingdoms differed in relative abundance between the two dietary energy levels, while only six genera (none being protozoal) were differentially abundant between the two energy sources. Based on prokaryotic amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from all the samples, overall functional profiles predicted using PICRUSt2 differed significantly between LE and HE but not between the two energy sources. FishTaco analysis identified Ruminococcus and Coprococcus as the taxa potentially contributing to the enriched KEGG pathways for biosynthesis of amino acids and to the metabolisms of pyruvate, glycerophospholipid, and nicotinate and nicotinamide in the rumen of HE-fed cows. The co-occurrence networks were also affected by the dietary treatments, especially the LE and GC diets, resulting in distinct co-occurrence networks. Several microbial genera appeared to be strongly correlated with one or more lactation traits. Conclusions Dietary energy level affected the overall rumen multi-kingdom microbiota while little difference was noted between ground corn and steam-flaked corn. Some genera were also affected differently by the four dietary treatments, including genera that had been shown to be correlated with lactation performance or feed efficiency. The co-occurrence patterns among the genera exclusively found for each dietary treatment may suggest possible metabolic interactions specifically affected by the dietary treatment. Some of the major taxa were positively correlated to milk properties and may potentially serve as biomarkers of one or more lactation traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansol Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Lu Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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32
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Yao K, Wei Z, Xie Y, Wang D, Liu H, Fang D, Ma M, Liu J. Lactation performance and nitrogen utilization of dairy cows on diets including unfermented or fermented yellow wine lees mix. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Wang B, Gao R, Wu Z, Yu Z. Functional Analysis of Sugars in Modulating Bacterial Communities and Metabolomics Profiles of Medicago sativa Silage. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:641. [PMID: 32477276 PMCID: PMC7232540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of four sugar source treatments, including no sugar (CON), fructose (FRU), pectin (PEC), and starch (STA), on the microbiota and metabolome of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) silage. The bacterial community was determined via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The metabolome was analyzed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TOF-MS). After 60 days of fermentation, the pH values in FRU and PEC were lower than those in STA and CON. FRU had a greater lactic acid concentration compared to STA and CON. Weissella (47.44%) and Lactobacillus (42.13%) were the dominant species in all four groups. The abundance of Pediococcus was lower, and the abundance of Leuconostoc, Pantoea, and Microbacterium was higher, in FRU compared to CON. The abundance of norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group was higher, and the abundance of Turicibacter was lower, in both FRU and PEC than in CON. Leuconostoc was negatively correlated with the pH value, and Pediococcus was positively correlated with the pH value. No microbiomes were detected as discriminative features between STA and CON. The addition of FRU and PEC presented more peptides, such as Leu-Val-Thr, Leu-Phe, Ile-Pro-Ile, Val-Trp, and Ile-Leu-Leu but a lower abundance of metabolites for triterpene glycosides including sanchinoside B1, medicagenic acid, betavulgaroside IV, and prosapogenin compared to CON. The addition of PEC presented more phenyllactic acid compared to CON. Our study demonstrated that the addition of pectin and fructose improved the quality of alfalfa silage mainly by promoting Leuconostoc, Pantoea, and Microbacterium, and inhibiting Pediococcus in FRU, and promoting norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group and inhibiting Turicibacter in both FRU and PEC; this was due to altered metabolic profiles resulting from antifungal activity and decreased triterpene glycoside accumulation. This study improves our understanding of ensiling mechanisms related to the contributions of sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Run Gao
- College of Grass Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- College of Grass Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grass Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Huang Y, Matthew C, Li F, Nan Z. Comparative Effects of Stovers of Four Varieties of Common Vetch on Growth Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040596. [PMID: 32244689 PMCID: PMC7222710 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Common vetch is an important legume crop of mixed crop-livestock systems, and it has the ability to satisfy food, fodder, and fertilizer demands through grain, stover, and nitrogen fixation. The aim of this study was to evaluate common vetch varietal differences in stover nutritive value, ruminal fermentation properties, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and animal performance in fattening lambs consuming a diet comprising 20% common vetch. The results showed that the substitution of alfalfa hay by varieties Lanjian No. 1 and Lanjian No. 2 stovers in ruminant diets could be advantageous in reducing dependence on imported alfalfa hay, thereby enhancing sustainability of small holder farmers on the Tibetan Plateau. Abstract This study evaluated common vetch stover as a feed in mixed rations for growing lambs. Four common vetch varieties were compared with alfalfa (control) for their effects on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention. Male Hu lambs (n = 50) aged 3 months, with a mean body weight of 17.5 ± 0.34 kg were allocated randomly to one of the five dietary treatments, making 10 lambs per treatment. The experiment lasted 67 days with a 10-day adaptation period and a 50-day fattening period, and with the final 7 days used for a nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance trial. All diets contained 30.0% maize straw and 50.0% concentrate, with different forage sources (on a fed basis): 20.0% alfalfa hay (control), 20.0% local common vetch variety 333A (C333A) stover, or 20.0% stover of one of three improved common vetch varieties: Lanjian No. 1 (CLJ1), Lanjian No. 2 (CLJ2), or Lanjian No. 3 (CLJ3). For stover quality, CLJ1 stover had the greatest crude protein (CP), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) content and the least cell wall contents, while C333A stover had the least CP, IVOMD, and ME contents and the greatest cell wall contents. Sheep fed the control diet had a greater average daily gain (ADG), apparent digestibility of organic matter (DOM), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and nitrogen retention, and greater ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration than lambs fed the C333A or CLJ3 diet, but similar performance to lambs fed the CLJ1 and CLJ2 diets. The feed conversion ratio and predicted CH4 emission per unit of DOM intake and ADG of the control, CLJ1, and CLJ2 diets was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than for the other diets. Based on these results, stovers of varieties CLJ1 and CLJ2 can be recommended as an alternative to alfalfa hay and for use in a legume crop rotation with cereals on the Tibetan plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Cory Matthew
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.H.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-891-2582
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Wang B, Yu Z, Liu J. Assessing metabolic properties of dairy cows fed low quality straws by integrative arterial and venous metabolomics. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1770-1778. [PMID: 32054160 PMCID: PMC7649076 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to reveal potential metabolic differences of dairy cows fed corn stover (CS) and rice straw (RS) instead of alfalfa hay (AH) as main forage source. METHODS Thirty multiparous mid-late lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected and randomly assigned to three diets, AH, CS, or RS (n = 10). After 13 weeks of the feeding trial, coccygeal arterial and superficial epigastric venous plasma samples were collected before morning feeding for gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry analyses. RESULTS In the artery, 8 and 13 metabolites were detected as differential metabolites between AH and CS, and between AH and RS, respectively. The relative abundance of phenylpropanoate (log2fold change [FC]) = 1.30, 1.09), panthenol (log2FC = 2.36, 2.20), threitol (log2FC = 1.00, 1.07), and 3,7,12-trihydroxycoprostane (log2FC = 0.79, 0.78) were greater in both CS and RS than in AH, and tyrosine (log2FC = -0.32), phenylalanine (log2FC = -0.30), and pyruvic acid (log2FC = -0.30) were lower in RS than in AH. In the vein, 1 and 7 metabolites were detected as differential metabolites between AH and CS, and between AH and RS, respectively. By comparing AH and RS, we found that metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were enriched by integrative artery and vein analysis. Furthermore, AH and RS, arterial phenylpropanoate and 4-hydroxyproline were positively, and phenylalanine was negatively correlated with milk urea nitrogen. Finally, in AH and CS, arterial panthenol was negatively correlated with feed efficiency. CONCLUSION Arterial metabolic profiles changed more than those in the veins from animals on three forage diets, differing in amino acids. We found that phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were restricted when cows were fed low-quality cereal straw diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kahyani A, Ghorbani GR, Alikhani M, Ghasemi E, Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A, Beauchemin KA, Nasrollahi SM. Performance of dairy cows fed diets with similar proportions of undigested neutral detergent fiber with wheat straw substituted for alfalfa hay, corn silage, or both. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10903-10915. [PMID: 31548057 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of feeding diets that were formulated to contain similar proportions of undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) from forage, with wheat straw (WS) substituted for corn silage (CS), alfalfa hay (AH), or both. The diets were fed to lactating dairy cows and intake, digestibility, blood metabolites, and milk production were examined. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein cows (body weight = 642 ± 50 kg; days in milk = 78 ± 11 d; milk production = 56 ± 6 kg/d; mean ± standard deviation) were used in a randomized block design with 6-wk periods after a 10-d covariate period. Each period consisted of 14 d of adaptation followed by 28 d of data collection. The control diet contained CS and AH as forage sources (CSAH) with 17% of dietary dry matter as uNDF after 30 h of incubation (uNDF30). Wheat straw was substituted for AH (WSCS), CS (WSAH), or both (WSCSAH) on an uNDF30 basis, and beet pulp was used to obtain similar concentrations of NDF digestibility after 30 h of incubation (NDFD30 = 44.5% of NDF) across all diets. The 4 diets also contained similar concentrations of net energy for lactation and metabolizable protein. Dry matter intake was greatest for WSCS (27.8 kg/d), followed by CSAH (25.7 kg/d), WSCSAH (25.2 kg/d), and WSAH (24.2 kg/d). However, yields of milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk did not differ, resulting in higher FCM efficiency (kg of FCM yield/kg of dry matter intake) for WSAH (1.83) and WSCSAH (1.79), followed by CSAH (1.69) and WSCS (1.64). Milk protein percentage was greater for CSAH (2.84%) and WSCS (2.83%) than for WSAH (2.78%), and WSCSAH (2.81%) was intermediate. The opposite trend was observed for milk urea nitrogen, which was lower for CSAH (15.8 mg/dL), WSCS (15.8 mg/dL), and WSCSAH (17.0 mg/dL) than for WSAH (20 mg/dL). Total-tract NDF digestibility and ruminal pH were greater for diets containing WS than the diet without WS (CSAH), but digestibility of other nutrients was not affected by dietary treatments. Cows fed WSAH had less body reserves (body weight change = -13.5 kg/period) than the cows fed the other diets, whereas energy balance was greatest for those fed WSCS. The results showed that feeding high-producing dairy cows diets containing different forage sources but formulated to supply similar concentrations of uNDF30 while maintaining NDFD30, net energy for lactation, and metabolizable protein constant did not influence milk production. However, a combination of WS and CS (WSCS diet) compared with a diet with CS and AH improved feed intake, ruminal pH, total-tract NDF digestibility, and energy balance of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kahyani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M Alikhani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - E Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - A Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - K A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - S M Nasrollahi
- Young Researchers Club, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran.
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Aziz ur Rahman M, Xia C, Ji L, Cao B, Su H. Nutrient intake, feeding patterns, and abnormal behavior of growing bulls fed different concentrate levels and a single fiber source (corn stover silage). J Vet Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Xie Y, Wu Z, Wang D, Liu J. Nitrogen partitioning and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows with different phenotypic residual feed intake. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:54. [PMID: 31236271 PMCID: PMC6580507 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Residual feed intake (RFI) is an inheritable measure of feed efficiency that is independent on level of production. However, physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying divergent RFI are not fully elucidated. This study was conducted to investigate dietary nitrogen (N) partitioning and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows divergent in phenotypic RFI. Results Thirty Holstein dairy cows (milk yield = 35.3 ± 4.71 kg/d; milk protein yield = 1.18 ± 0.13 kg/d; mean ± standard deviation) were selected for the experiment to derive RFI. After the RFI measurement period of 50 d, the 10 lowest RFI cows and 8 highest RFI cows were selected. The low RFI cows had lower dry matter intake (DMI, P < 0.05) than the high RFI cows, but they produced similar energy-corrected milk. The ratios of milk to DMI (1.41 vs. 1.24, P < 0.01) and energy-corrected milk to DMI (1.48 vs. 1.36, P < 0.01) were greater in low RFI cows than those in the high RFI cows. The low RFI cows had lower milk urea nitrogen than that in the high RFI cows (P = 0.05). Apparent digestibility of nutrients did not differ between two groups (P > 0.10). Compared with high RFI animals, the low RFI cows had a lower retention of N (5.72 vs. 51.4 g/d, P < 0.05) and a higher partition of feed N to milk N (29.7% vs. 26.5%, P < 0.05). Conclusions The results suggest that differences in N partition, synthesis of microbial protein, and utilization of metabolizable protein could be part of the mechanisms associated with variance in the RFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Xie
- Institute of Dairy Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhong Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Diming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
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Kahyani A, Ghorbani GR, Alikhani M, Ghasemi E, Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A, Nasrollahi SM. Adjusting for 30-hour undigested neutral detergent fiber in substitution of wheat straw and beet pulp for alfalfa hay and corn silage in the diet of high-producing cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7026-7037. [PMID: 31178199 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the feeding effects of wheat straw (WS) and beet pulp (BP) substituted for corn silage (CS) and alfalfa hay (AH) based on forage 30-h undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF30) on lactation performance in high-producing dairy cows. Twelve multiparous (body weight = 611 ± 31 kg, days in milk = 97 ± 13; 51 ± 3 kg/d of milk; mean ± standard error) Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Three treatments were established by substituting WS for CS and AH such that the concentration of forage uNDF30 in all diets was the same. The treatments were (1) 0% forage uNDF30 from WS (WS0; control), (2) 50% forage uNDF30 from WS (WS50), and (3) 100% forage uNDF30 from WS (WS100). Beet pulp was added in the straw diets to achieve similar dietary neutral detergent fiber digestibility after 30-h incubation (NDFD30). The 3 diets were similar in forage uNDF30 (14% of dry matter), total uNDF30 (∼18.5% of dry matter), and NDFD30 (approximately 42% of neutral detergent fiber). The substitution of WS and BP for AH and CS decreased the proportion of forage (40, 31, and 22.3% of dry matter) and forage neutral detergent fiber (21.2, 19.7, and 18.3% of dry matter) for WS0, WS50, and WS100, respectively, in the diet. However, the substitution linearly increased mean rumen pH (5.90, 6.09, and 6.28 for WS0, WS50, and WS100, respectively), digestibility of nutrients, and selection for long particles of diets without affecting dry matter intake. The substitution also linearly increased cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen concentration in the blood. Milk fat percentage, fat production, fat:protein ratio, and milk urea nitrogen increased linearly when treatments changed from WS0 to WS100, whereas the production of energy-corrected milk (ECM) was not affected by the treatments. Milk yield and milk protein yield were affected in a curvilinear manner and were lower in WS100 than other treatments. The efficiency of ECM production linearly increased in the diet with higher inclusion of WS and BP substitution in the diet (1.66, 1.70, and 1.72 for WS0, WS50, and WS100, respectively), but body weight, body weight change, and backfat thickness of cows were not different among treatments. In conclusion, the substitution of WS and BP for CS and AH with fixed uNDF30 improved feed efficiency and rumen pH, decreased milk and protein yield, and did not affect ECM yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kahyani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M Alikhani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - E Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - A Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - S M Nasrollahi
- Young Researchers Club, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81595-185, Iran
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Wang D, Cai J, Zhao F, Liu J. Low-quality rice straw forage increases the permeability of mammary epithelial tight junctions in lactating dairy cows. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2037-2041. [PMID: 30142692 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that milking frequency and plasma hormones play important roles in regulating mammary permeability. However, it is still not known whether nutritional factors can influence udder permeability. DESIGN This study was conducted to investigate mammary epithelial tight-junction permeability in lactating dairy cows fed different forage-based diets. Twenty mid-lactating dairy cows were allocated to ten blocks based on their parity and milk yield and then randomly assigned into rice straw-based diet and alfalfa-based diet groups. Both diets contained 15% corn silage and 55% concentrate (dry matter basis). In terms of forage sources, rice straw-based diets (RS) contained 30% rice straw, whereas alfalfa-based diets (AH) contained 23% alfalfa hay plus 7% Chinese wild rye hay. RESULTS The concentrations of Na+ , Na+ /K+ ratio, bovine serum albumin, and plasmin in the milk, the plasma lactose concentration, and the mRNA abundance of BCL2 associated agonist of cell death, phosphatase and tensin homolog, and insulin like growth factor binding protein 5 in the mammary gland were greater in RS-fed cows than in AH-fed animals. Mammary expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and occludin was lower in RS-fed cows compared with the AH-fed group. The expressions of growth hormone receptor, claudin-1, -3, -4, and ZO-1 were similar in the two diet groups. CONCLUSION The cows fed RS showed higher mammary alveolar permeability, likely due to its effect on proliferation/apoptosis rates of mammary epithelial cells. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diming Wang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cai
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Wei ZH, Liang SL, Wang DM, Liu HY, Wanapat M, Liu JX. Lactation performance and rumen fermentation in dairy cows fed a diet with alfalfa hay replaced by corn stover and supplemented with molasses. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1122-1127. [PMID: 30744339 PMCID: PMC6599956 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of current study was to investigate the lactation performance and rumen fermentation characteristics of dairy cows fed a diet with alfalfa hay replaced by corn stover but supplemented with molasses. METHODS Sixteen Holstein cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: i) alfalfa based diet (AH), and ii) corn stover based diet supplemented with molasses (CSM). The experiment was conducted according to a 2×2 crossover design with 22-d each period, consisting of 17 d for adaptation and 5 d for data and samples collection. RESULTS Dry matter intake and milk yield were higher for cows fed AH than CSM (p<0.01). Milk protein content and nitrogen conversion were higher (p<0.05), while milk urea nitrogen was lower (p<0.01) for cows fed AH than CSM-fed cows. Contents of milk total solids, fat and lactose were not different between two groups (p>0.10). Total rumen volatile fatty acid concentration tended to be higher (p = 0.06) for cows fed AH than CSM-fed cows. Molar proportion of acetate was lower (p = 0.04), but valerate was higher (p = 0.02) in cows fed AH than CSM-fed cows. Rumen concentration of propionate, and isobutyrate, and ratio of acetate to propionate tended to be different (p<0.10) between two groups. The feed cost per kilogram of milk was lower in CSM than AH (p<0.01). No differences were found in feed efficiency and most plasma parameters tested (p>0.10). CONCLUSION In comparison with AH diet, CSM diet could be fed to dairy cows without negative effect on feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation, but economically beneficial, indicating that CSM could be an alternative choice for dairy farms instead of AH to feed mid-lactation dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hai Wei
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Di-Ming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hong-Yun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Wang B, Jia M, Fang L, Jiang L, Li Y. Effects of eucalyptus oil and anise oil supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics, methane emission, and digestibility in sheep. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3460-3470. [PMID: 29860505 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate antimethanogenic activity of eucalyptus oil (EUC) and anise oil (ANI) in vitro and in vivo using sheep as a model. In vitro study was conducted using batch culture technique, each of EUC and ANI were added at 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/L of fermentation media with substrate containing 60% corn-based concentrate and 40% hay (DM basis). Total gas production (GP) linearly (P < 0.01) decreased with increasing ANI, whereas the GP was not affected with EUC addition. Supplementation of ANI and EUC linearly (P < 0.01) decreased total methane production and methane proportion in total gas. Total VFA and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration linearly (P < 0.01) decreased with increasing ANI supplementation. For the in vivo study, a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design was carried out using six ruminal cannulated Du Han hybrid sheep (BW, 64.5 ± 8.56 kg) with 22 d of periods. Three treatments were control diet (consisted of 60% corn-based concentrate and 40% Chinese wildrye hay), EUC (control diet supplemented with 0.5 g EUC/d per head), and ANI (control diet supplemented with 0.5 g ANI/d per head). Each period consisted of 14 d for adaption and 8 d for sampling and data collection. Supplementation of EUC and ANI had no effects on feed intake and apparent nutrient digestibility. Ruminal NH3-N concentration was greater with EUC (P < 0.01) and ANI (P = 0.03) than control. Urinal allantoin output was less (P < 0.05) in sheep fed EUC and ANI than control animals. Methane emission was less (P = 0.03) in sheep fed ANI than sheep fed EUC, and a tendency of decrease for an eduction in this parameter was found for sheep fed with ANI (P = 0.08) compared to control. The in vitro results indicated a reduction of methane production with both EUC and ANI but in a dose-dependant manner. Supplementation of ANI tended to reduce ruminal methane production without adversely affecting rumen fermentation characteristics, nutrient intake, and digestibility, suggesting potential inhibition of ruminal methane emission in sheep supplemented with ANI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Miao Jia
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Luoyun Fang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Ao C, Khas‐Erdene, Dan N. Effects of isonitrogenous and isocaloric total mixed ration composed of forages with different quality on milk fatty acid composition and gene expression of mammary lipogenic enzymes in mid‐lactating dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:214-221. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyInner Mongolia University for Nationalities Tong Liao Inner Mongolia P. R. China
- College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot Inner Mongolia P. R. China
| | - Changjin Ao
- College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot Inner Mongolia P. R. China
| | - Khas‐Erdene
- College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot Inner Mongolia P. R. China
| | - Ni Dan
- College of Life ScienceInner Mongolia University for Nationalities Tong Liao Inner Mongolia P. R. China
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Xu NN, Wang DM, Wang B, Wang JK, Liu JX. Different endosperm structures in wheat and corn affected in vitro rumen fermentation and nitrogen utilization of rice straw-based diet. Animal 2018; 13:1607-1613. [PMID: 30526704 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118003257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Starchy grain is usually supplemented to diets containing low-quality forage to provide sufficient energy for ruminant animals. Ruminal degradation of grain starch mainly depends on the hydrolysis of the endosperm, which may be variable among grain sources. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of endosperm structure of wheat and corn on in vitro rumen fermentation and nitrogen (N) utilization of rice straw. The 3×4 factorial design included three ratios of concentrate to forage (35:65, 50:50 and 65:35) and four ratios of wheat to corn starch (20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20). The endosperm structure was detected by scanning electronic microscopy and a confocal laser scanning microscopic. An in vitro gas test was performed to evaluate the rumen fermentation characteristics and N utilization. Starch granules were embedded in the starch-protein matrix in corn, but more granules were separated from the matrix in the wheat endosperm. With the increasing ratio of wheat, rate and extent of gas production, total volatile fatty acids, and ammonia N increased linearly (P<0.01), but microbial protein concentration decreased (quadratic, P<0.01), with the maximum value at a ratio of 40% wheat. The efficiency of N utilization decreased linearly (P<0.01). Rumen fermentation and N utilization were significantly affected by the concentrate-to-forage ratio (P<0.01). Significant interactions between the concentrate-to-forage ratio and the wheat-to-corn ratio were detected in total volatile fatty acids and the efficiency of N utilization (P<0.01). In summary, the starch-protein matrix and starch granules in the wheat and corn endosperm mixture play an important role in the regulation of rumen fermentation and N utilization under low-quality forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Xu
- Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310058,P.R. China
| | - D M Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310058,P.R. China
| | - B Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310058,P.R. China
| | - J K Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310058,P.R. China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310058,P.R. China
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Gu F, Liang S, Wei Z, Wang C, Liu H, Liu J, Wang D. Short communication: Effects of dietary addition of N-carbamoylglutamate on milk composition in mid-lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10985-10990. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Obeidat BS, Subih HS, Taylor JB, Obeidat MD. Alfalfa hay improves nursing performance of Awassi ewes and performance of growing lambs when used as a source of forage compared with wheat straw. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:581-588. [PMID: 30338426 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing wheat straw (WS) with alfalfa hay (ALF) in diets fed to Awassi lactating ewes (exp. 1) and weaned lambs (exp. 2). In each experiment, sheep were fed 1 of 3 treatment diets containing WS only, WS and ALF mix (50:50; WS-ALF), or ALF only as the forage sources. In exp. 1, 33 lactating Awassi ewes were assigned randomly to treatment diets (11 ewes/diet) and fed ad libitum for 56 days. Intakes of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were greater (P = 0.001) in WS-ALF and ALF diets than WS diet. Ewe weight-of-lamb weaned, and nursing-lamb average daily gain (ADG) was greatest for ALF, intermediate for WS-ALF, and least for WS treatment groups (P < 0.0001). Milk production (kg/day) tended to be greater (P = 0.07) in ALF diets compared with WS diets. Milk protein, total solids, and lactose production (g/day) were greater (P < 0.04) in ewes fed ALF and WS-ALF diets compared with WS diet. In exp. 2, 27 newly weaned lambs were randomly assigned to treatment diets (9 lambs/treatment) and fed ad libitum for 70 days. Intake and digestibility of DM were greater (P < 0.05) in lambs fed the ALF diet compared with the WS diet. Lamb total gain and ADG were greater (P < 0.01) for lambs fed WS-ALF and ALF diets compared with WS diet. Replacement of wheat straw with alfalfa hay improved most of performance and productivity measured variables of Awassi lactating ewes and growing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. BOX 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - H S Subih
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - J B Taylor
- Agricultural Research Service, Range Sheep Production Efficiency Research Unit, USDA, Dubois, ID, 83423, USA
| | - M D Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. BOX 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Jiang F, Lin X, Yan Z, Hu Z, Wang Y, Wang Z. Effects of forage source and particle size on feed sorting, milk production and nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1472-1481. [PMID: 30246269 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of forage source (quality) and particle size on feed sorting, milk production and nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. Twelve multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were as follows: (a) feeding long oaten hay (OL), (b) feeding short oaten hay (OS), (c) feeding long wild-rye hay (WL) and (d) feeding short wild-rye hay (WS). The sorting activity of cows fed wild-rye hay diets was greater than that of cows fed oaten hay diets. Sorting activity decreased with reduced forage particle size (FPS) for wild-rye hay diets but was not affected for oaten hay diets. Cows fed oaten hay diets had a similar dry matter intake (DMI), but higher total tract nutrient digestibility, and hence higher milk yield than cows fed wild-rye hay diets. The increase in DMI as a result of reduced FPS was significant in cows fed wild-rye hay diets. Feed efficiency (4% fat-corrected milk (FCM)/DMI) decreased from 1.18 to 1.11 when FPS decreased, but was not affected by the forage source. The digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP) and organic matter (OM) in the total tract was decreased by a reduction in FPS for wild-rye hay diets, but was not affected for oaten hay diets. In conclusion, cows fed high-quality forage (oaten hay) had a lower sorting activity and higher production performance than those fed poor-quality forage (wild-rye hay). The optimal dietary FPS in lactating dairy cows should take the effect of forage source into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Jiang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Xueyan Lin
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhengui Yan
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Sun HZ, Wang DM, Liu HY, Liu JX. Metabolomics Integrated with Transcriptomics Reveals a Subtle Liver Metabolic Risk in Dairy Cows Fed Different Crop By-products. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800122. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Di-Ming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
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Dai W, Wang Q, Zhao F, Liu J, Liu H. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of milk production using integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses: improving inefficient utilization of crop by-products as forage in dairy industry. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:403. [PMID: 29843597 PMCID: PMC5975684 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk is an important nutrient source for humans. Forage plays a vital role in dairy husbandry via affecting milk quality and quantity. However, the differences in mammary metabolism of dairy cows fed different forages remain elucidated. In this study, we utilized transcriptomic RNA-seq and iTRAQ proteomic techniques to investigate and integrate the differences of molecular pathways and biological processes in the mammary tissues collected from 12 lactating cows fed corn stover (CS, low-quality, n = 6) and alfalfa hay (AH, high-quality, n = 6). RESULTS A total of 1631 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 1046 up-regulated and 585 down-regulated) and 346 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; 138 increased and 208 decreased) were detected in the mammary glands between the CS- and AH-fed animals. Expression patterns of 33 DEPs (18 increased and 15 decreased) were consistent with the expression of their mRNAs. Compared with the mammary gland of AH-fed cows, the marked expression changes found in the mammary gland of CS group were for genes involved in reduced mammary growth/development (COL4A2, MAPK3, IKBKB, LGALS3), less oxidative phosphorylation (ATPsynGL, ATP6VOA1, ATP5H, ATP6VOD1, NDUFC1), enhanced lipid uptake/metabolism (SLC27A6, FABP4, SOD2, ACADM, ACAT1, IDH1, SCP2, ECHDC1), more active fatty acid beta-oxidation (HMGCS1), less amino acid/protein transport (SLC38A2, SLC7A8, RAB5a, VPS18), reduced protein translation (RPS6, RPS12, RPS16, RPS19, RPS20, RPS27), more proteasome- (PSMC2, PSMC6, PSMD14, PSMA2, PSMA3) and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation (UBE2B, UBE2H, KLHL9, HSPH1, DNAJA1 and CACYBP), and more protein disassembly-related enzymes (SEC63, DNAJC3, DNAJB1, DNAJB11 and DNAJC12). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the lower milk production in the CS-fed dairy cows compared with the AH-fed cows was associated with a network of mammary gene expression changes, importantly, the prime factors include decreased energy metabolism, attenuated protein synthesis, enhanced protein degradation, and the lower mammary cell growth. The present study provides insights into the effects of the varying quality of forages on mammary metabolisms, which can help the improvement of strategies in feeding dairy cows with CS-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dai
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanjuan Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
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