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Del Valle TA, de Castro Zilio EM, Ghizzi LG, Marques JA, Sakamoro LY, Sconamiglio NT, da Silva Dias MS, de Paula Silva TB, Nunes AT, Silva GGD, Gheller LS, Rennó FP. Rumen degradable protein levels on fatty acid profile of rumen bacteria and milk fat of dairy cows supplemented with calcium salts of fatty acids. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13920. [PMID: 38323695 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) from soybean oil in diets with different levels of rumen degradable protein (RDP) on bio-hydrogenation extent, and fatty acid (FA) profile intake, omasal digesta, rumen bacteria, and milk fat. Eight Holstein lactating cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two CSFA levels (0 or 33.2 g/kg DM of CSFA) and two RDP levels (98.0 or 110 g/kg DM). There was RDP and CSFA interaction effect on the omasal flow of total FA and some specific FA. Only in -CSFA diets, the higher RDP level increased omasal flow of total FA. Dietary RDP levels did not affect the FA profile of bacteria and milk fat. Feeding CSFA reduced or tended to reduce the bacterial proportion of C15:0, C16:0, C16:1, C17:0, and C18:0 FA and decreased the concentrations of short- and medium-chain FA (<18C) and increased the concentrations of unsaturated and long-chain FA (≥18C) in milk fat. Feeding CSFA of soybean oil increases the intake and omasal flow of FA and augments unsaturated FA content in bacteria pellets and milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Antônio Del Valle
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Ghedin Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Julia Avansi Marques
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Lucas Yudi Sakamoro
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alanne Tenório Nunes
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Palma Rennó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Beyzi SB, Dallı CÇ. Changes in the rumen and milk fatty acid profile and milk composition in response to fish and microalgae oils supplementation to diet alone or combination in dairy goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:407. [PMID: 37982945 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fat supplementation in the ruminant diet is known to be a good strategy to increase beneficial milk fat compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare and combine fish oil (FO) and Schizachyrium microalgae oil (MA) supplementation to the diets of dairy goats. This study aimed to investigate the inclusion of FO, MA, and their combinations in the diets for effects on performance, milk composition, milk fatty acids, ruminal biohydrogenation, and fermentation parameters in dairy goats. Four cannulated Saanen dairy goats in the second lactation with a daily 3.25 ± 0.10 L milk yield and 45.08 ± 0.5kg body weight were assigned to four treatments: (1) no lipid supplementation (CON), (2) supplementation with 20 g/kg of FO, (3) 20 g/kg of MA, (4) 10 g/kg FO + 10 g/kg MA (FOMA). Milk and fatty acid composition were determined in samples taken from three consecutive days of milking after 21 days of adaptation. On the same days, ruminal fatty acids were determined. Dietary oil supplementations did not affect the performance parameters in dairy goats. However, fat yield decreased in FOMA. The oil supplementations did not affect the milk composition. However, cholesterol in milk increased in FO (P < 0.05). C16:0 FA in milk increased in MA. C18:0 FA in milk was lowest in MA. The highest milk trans-11 C18:1 FA was in the MA group. Cis-9, trans-11 CLA, trans-10, cis-12 CLA, and ∑PUFA increased in milk with oil supplementations to diet. Milk ∑SFA was the lowest in the FO group. Ruminal C18:0 fatty acid was decreased in oil supplementations to diet. Ruminal trans-11 C18:1, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, trans-10, and cis-12 CLA were increased in oil-supplemented groups. Ruminal fermentation parameters were not affected by oil supplementation to diet; however, there was a propionate increase in the MA group. The serum glucose and cholesterol levels were not affected by oil supplementation to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Büyükkılıç Beyzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Cem Çağlar Dallı
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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Pajor F, Várkonyi D, Dalmadi I, Pásztorné-Huszár K, Egerszegi I, Penksza K, Póti P, Bodnár Á. Changes in Chemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Milk and Cheese and Sensory Profile of Milk via Supplementation of Goats' Diet with Marine Algae. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2152. [PMID: 37443950 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the low level of Schizochytrium limacinum marine algae (daily 5 g per animal) on the milk, cheese, and whey composition; fatty acid profile of milk and cheese; and the sensory profile of goat milk using an e-nose device. Thirty Alpine goats were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (C, n = 15)-fed grass with daily 600 g concentrate and the experimental group (MA, n = 15) who received the same forage and concentrate supplemented with 5 g/head/day marine algae. Animals were kept indoors and the investigation period lasted 52 days, including the first six weeks as the period of adaptation and the last 10 days as the treatment period. During the adaptation period, bulk milk samples from each group were collected once a week (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d), while during the treatment period (10 days), bulk milk samples from each group were taken every day, and cheese samples were processed from bulk milk each day from both groups. Marine algae supplementation had no negative effect on milk composition. In contrast, the marine algae inclusion significantly elevated the fat and protein content of whey and the protein content of cheese, as well as the recovery of fat and protein in the curd, while increasing the cheeses' moisture content on a fat-free basis. The marine algae supplementation significantly increased the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the rumenic acid (CLA c9t11) concentrations and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio in the milk and cheese. There were no significant differences between the C and the MA group with regard to the sensory profiles of the milk. It can be concluded that the milk obtained from goats given daily supplementation of 5g of MA has a fatty acid profile more beneficial to human health, without any negative effects on the milk's aromatic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Pajor
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Dávid Várkonyi
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - István Dalmadi
- Department of Livestock Products and Food Preservation Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 43-45, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Pásztorné-Huszár
- Department of Livestock Products and Food Preservation Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 43-45, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Egerszegi
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Károly Penksza
- Department of Botany, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Péter Póti
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ákos Bodnár
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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Vítor ACM, Godinho M, Francisco AE, Silva J, Almeida J, Fialho L, Soldado D, Jerónimo E, Scollan ND, Huws SA, Santos-Silva J, Alves SP, Bessa RJB. Nannochloropsis oceanica microalga feeding increases long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in lamb meat. Meat Sci 2023; 197:109053. [PMID: 36493555 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that lambs fed freeze-dried Nannochloropsis oceanica (NO) biomass will have a higher deposition of EPA in tissues than those fed other Nannochloropsis EPA-sources, we fed 28 lambs with one of four diets: i) C, control, without EPA; ii) O, with 1.2% Nannochloropsis oil; iii) SD, with 12.3% spray-dried NO biomass; iv) FD, with 9.2% freeze-dried NO biomass. Dry matter intake, growth, tissues fatty acid composition, oxidative stability and sensory traits of the resultant meat were evaluated. The EPA was highest in tissues of lambs fed SD and FD compared with O but was similar between SD and FD. Total trans-18:1 did not differ among treatments, but the t10/t11-18:1 ratio decreased with all EPA containing diets. EPA diets were also supplemented with Vitamin E preventing the lipid oxidation in EPA-enriched meat and the meat sensory traits were not affected although occasionally some off-flavours were detected in FD meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C M Vítor
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Godinho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A E Francisco
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - J Silva
- Allmicroalgae, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal
| | - J Almeida
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - L Fialho
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - D Soldado
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - E Jerónimo
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; MED Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE Global Change & Sustainability Institute, CEBAL, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - N D Scollan
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - S A Huws
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - J Santos-Silva
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - S P Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R J B Bessa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Della Badia A, Frutos P, Toral PG, Hervás G. Susceptibility to milk fat depression in dairy sheep and goats: Individual variation in ruminal fermentation and biohydrogenation. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:245-256. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Netto A, Gama M, Guido S, Bessa R, Inácio J, Monteiro C, Melo G, Ribeiro E, Ferreira M. Replacing Corn With Full-fat Corn Germ in a Basal Diet Containing Cactus (Opuntia strica) Cladodes and Sugarcane as Forage Sources Induces Milk Fat Depression Associated With the trans-10 Shift in Dairy Cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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7
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Hervás G, Boussalia Y, Labbouz Y, Della Badia A, Toral P, Frutos P. Insect oils and chitosan in sheep feeding: Effects on in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation and fermentation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Marine algae meal (Schizochytrium sp.) and vitamin E in lamb nutrition: intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior, ruminal parameters, performance, and carcass characteristics. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Patel A, Desai SS, Mane VK, Enman J, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Futuristic food fortification with a balanced ratio of dietary ω-3/ω-6 omega fatty acids for the prevention of lifestyle diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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DHA-Rich Aurantiochytrium Biomass, a Novel Dietary Supplement, Resists Degradation by Rumen Microbiota without Disrupting Microbial Activity. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We first sought to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae, Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA), on rumen fermentation and the resistance of DHA to degradation and biohydrogenation by rumen microbes through ex vivo fermentation experiments. Subsequently, we sought to quantify the diet-derived DHA content of milk and the impact of AURA on microbial composition and metabolism in a pilot feeding trial with rumen-cannulated dairy cows. To achieve our aims, rumen fluid from cannulated cows was used as inoculum, and the effect of AURA inclusion on fermentation ex vivo was examined. At doses corresponding to the amount of AURA recommended for commercial production animals, only ~10% of DHA was degraded or biohydrogenated by rumen microorganisms. The results show that feeding with AURA had no effect on either total bacterial density or short-chain fatty acid production. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of the rumen fluid samples collected during a seven-week in vivo trial revealed that microbes related to lactic acid metabolism and methanogenesis were significantly suppressed by the AURA-supplemented diet. The DHA concentration in milk increased over 25-fold with the AURA-supplemented diet and dropped by 30–40% within one week of washout. The addition of A. limacinum biomass to dairy cow diets resulted in positive effects on rumen microbial composition with no adverse effect on fermentation activity. AURA-derived DHA was stable, with only modest degradation in the rumen, and was successfully deposited in milk. This is the first study to investigate the effect of supplementing the diet of dairy cows with a protist-based biomass, namely, on important rumen fermentation parameters and on DHA deposition in milk, using a combination of ex vivo and in vivo approaches.
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Xu C, Zhang S, Sun B, Xie P, Liu X, Chang L, Lu F, Zhang S. Dietary Supplementation with Microalgae ( Schizochytrium sp.) Improves the Antioxidant Status, Fatty Acids Profiles and Volatile Compounds of Beef. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123517. [PMID: 34944292 PMCID: PMC8697940 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the antioxidant enzyme activity, physicochemical quality, fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of beef meat. Eighteen male Qaidamford cattle were randomly allocated into three treatments (n = 6): no micro-algae supplementation (Control group, C), 100 g microalgae supplementation per bull per day (FD1), and 200 g microalgae supplementation per bull per day (FD2), and fed for 49 days before slaughter. The results showed that, compared with the C group, the addition of DHA-rich microalgae to the diet could significantly increase the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in meat. In the FD2 group, it was found that the concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). DHA-rich microalgae supplementation increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n-6), DHA, EPA + DHA, and n-3 PUFA and reduced n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio. Twenty-four volatile compounds identified in beef were mainly aldehydes, alcohols and ketones from the fingerprints. The contents of short-chain fatty aldehydes, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-pentylfuran, were higher in the FD2 group than in the other two groups. The microalgae diet improved the sensory attribute score of beef. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of DHA-rich microalgae improved the antioxidant status, increased the deposition of DHA and enhanced the characteristic flavor of beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Xu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Shou Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (S.Z.); (L.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Baozhong Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaochang Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Lan Chang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (S.Z.); (L.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fushan Lu
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (S.Z.); (L.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Songshan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Toral PG, Hervás G, Frutos P. Effect of lipid supplementation on the endogenous synthesis of milk cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in dairy sheep and goats: A tracer assay with 13C-vaccenic acid. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:255-268. [PMID: 34763909 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major proportion of milk rumenic acid (RA; cis-9,trans-11 CLA) is synthesized through mammary Δ9-desaturation of vaccenic acid (VA; trans-11 18:1). Diet composition may determine the relative contribution of this endogenous synthesis to milk RA content, with effects that might differ between ruminant species. However, this hypothesis is mostly based on estimated values, proxies of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity, and indirect comparisons between publications in the literature. With the aim of providing new insights into this issue, in vivo Δ9-desaturation of 13C-labeled VA (measured via milk 13C-VA and -RA secretion) was directly compared in sheep and goats fed a diet without lipid supplementation or including 2% of linseed oil. Four Assaf sheep and 4 Murciano-Granadina goats were used in a replicated 2 × 2 crossover design to test the effects of the 2 dietary treatments during 2 consecutive 25-d periods. On d 22 of each period, 500 mg of 13C-VA were i.v. injected to each animal. Dairy performance, milk fatty acid profile, including isotope analysis, and mammary mRNA abundance of genes coding for SCD were examined on d 21 to 25 of each period. Supplementation with linseed oil improved milk fat concentration and increased the content of milk VA and RA. However, the isotopic tracer assay suggested no variation in the relative proportion of VA desaturated to milk RA, and the percentage of this CLA isomer deriving from SCD activity would remain constant regardless of dietary treatment. These results put into question a major effect of lipid supplementation on the endogenous synthesis of milk RA and support that mammary Δ9-desaturation capacity would not represent a limiting factor when designing feeding strategies to increase milk RA content. The lack of diet-induced effects was common to caprines and ovines, but inherent interspecies differences in mammary lipogenesis were found. Thus, the higher proportions of VA desaturation and endogenous synthesis of milk RA in sheep supported a greater SCD activity compared with goats, a finding that was not associated with the similar mRNA abundance of SCD1 in the 2 species. On the other hand, transfer efficiency of the isotopic tracer to milk was 37% higher in caprine than in ovine, suggesting a greater efficiency in mammary fatty acid uptake from plasma in caprine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
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Vítor ACM, Francisco AE, Silva J, Pinho M, Huws SA, Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJB, Alves SP. Freeze-dried Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass protects eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from metabolization in the rumen of lambs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21878. [PMID: 34750444 PMCID: PMC8576006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from freeze-dried biomass of Nannochloropsis oceanica microalgae resists ruminal biohydrogenation in vitro, but in vivo demonstration is needed. Therefore, the present study was designed to test the rumen protective effects of N. oceanica in lambs. Twenty-eight lambs were assigned to one of four diets: Control (C); and C diets supplemented with: 1.2% Nannochloropsis sp. oil (O); 12.3% spray-dried N. oceanica (SD); or 9.2% N. oceanica (FD), to achieve 3 g EPA /kg dry matter. Lambs were slaughtered after 3 weeks and digestive contents and ruminal wall samples were collected. EPA concentration in the rumen of lambs fed FD was about 50% higher than lambs fed SD or O diets. Nevertheless, the high levels of EPA in cecum and faeces of animals fed N. oceanica biomass, independently of the drying method, suggests that EPA was not completely released and absorbed in the small intestine. Furthermore, supplementation with EPA sources also affected the ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids, mitigating the shift from the t10 biohydrogenation pathways to the t11 pathways compared to the Control diet. Overall, our results demonstrate that FD N. oceanica biomass is a natural rumen-protected source of EPA to ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C M Vítor
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.,CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra E Francisco
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.,Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048, Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Allmicroalgae, Rua 25 Abril, 2445-413, Pataias, Portugal
| | - Mário Pinho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.,CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sharon A Huws
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - José Santos-Silva
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.,Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048, Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.,CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana P Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal. .,CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
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14
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Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112304. [PMID: 34835430 PMCID: PMC8621816 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the energy economy of ruminants. However, its interactions of fat, rumen fermentation, gas emission, and microorganisms are not yet clear. This study evaluated the effect of adding raw oilseeds to high-forage diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas composition, and microbial profile. Three isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets were designed and used as fermentation substrate: control treatment (CON group) was the basal diet lacking oilseeds, the other two treatments were the basal diet supplemented by 100 g/kg dry matter (DM) raw whole soybean (S group) and 50 g/kg DM raw flaxseed (F group), respectively. Data showed that the acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentration of culture fluids in the S group were lower (p < 0.05) than in the F group. There was a tendency to a higher level (p = 0.094) of propionate concentration in the F group compared with the other two groups. The gas production in the F group was higher (p < 0.05) than in the control group. There was a lower abundance of Sutterella (p < 0.05) and a greater abundance of Butyrivibrio (p < 0.05) in both of the two oilseed treatments. Methanobrevibacter (p = 0.078) in the F group was the lowest. Our results suggested that CH4 emission could be inhibited with flaxseed supplementation by propionate production metabolism, biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid (FA), and toxicity to Methanobrevibacter, while regarding soybean seed supplementation, the emission of CH4 was more likely to be reduced through biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA modulated by Butyrivibrio.
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15
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Hervás G, Toral PG, Fernández-Díez C, Badia AD, Frutos P. Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Lipids of Different Unsaturation Degree on Feed Efficiency and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Dairy Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2476. [PMID: 34438933 PMCID: PMC8388673 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids of different unsaturation degree were added to dairy ewe diet to test the hypothesis that unsaturated oils would modulate milk fatty acid (FA) profile without impairing or even improving feed efficiency. To this aim, we examined milk FA profile and efficiency metrics (feed conversion ratio (FCR), energy conversion ratio (ECR), residual feed intake (RFI), and residual energy intake (REI)) in 40 lactating ewes fed a diet with no lipid supplementation (Control) or supplemented with 3 fats rich in saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA (i.e., purified palmitic acid (PA), olive oil (OO), and soybean oil (SBO)). Compared with PA, addition of OO decreased milk medium-chain saturated FA and improved the concentration of potentially health-promoting FA, such as cis-9 18:1, trans-11 18:1, cis-9 trans-11 CLA, and 4:0, with no impact on feed efficiency metrics. Nevertheless, FA analysis and decreases in FCR and ECR suggested that SBO supplementation would be a better nutritional strategy to further improve milk FA profile and feed efficiency in dairy ewes. The paradox of differences observed depending on the metric used to estimate feed efficiency (i.e., the lack of variation in RFI and REI vs. changes in FCR and ECR) does not allow solid conclusions to be drawn in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain; (P.G.T.); (C.F.-D.); (A.D.B.); (P.F.)
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16
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Mavrommatis A, Skliros D, Flemetakis E, Tsiplakou E. Changes in the Rumen Bacteriome Structure and Enzymatic Activities of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation with Schizochytrium spp. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071528. [PMID: 34361963 PMCID: PMC8303384 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to produce functional dairy products enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by using feed supplements, radical changes could occur in the rumen microbiome. This work investigated the alterations of the rumen bacteriome of goats fed with PUFA-rich marine microalgae Schizochytrium spp. For the trial, twenty-four goats were divided into four homogenous clusters (six goats/treatment) according to their fat-corrected (4%) milk yield, body weight, and age; they were individually fed with alfalfa hay and a concentrate (F/C = 50/50). The concentrate of the control group (CON) contained no microalgae, while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 g (ALG60) of Schizochytrium spp./goat. Rumen fluid samples were collected using a stomach tube during the 20th and 40th days of the experiment. The microbiome analysis using a 16S rRNA sequencing platform revealed that Firmicutes were decreased in microalgae-fed goats, while Bacteroidetes showed a tendency to increase in the ALG40 group due to the enhancement of Prevotellaceae. Cellulolytic bacteria, namely Treponema bryantii, Ruminococcus gauvreauii, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens, were decreased in the ALG40 group, resulting in an overall decrease of cellulase activity. In contrast, the amylolytic potential was significantly enhanced due to an upsurge in Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum populations. In conclusion, supplementing goats’ diets with 20 g Schizochytrium spp. could be considered a sustainable and efficient nutritional strategy to modulate rumen microbiome towards the development of dairy products enriched with bioactive compounds, while higher levels induced substantial shifts in determinant microbes’ populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105294435
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17
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Changes in the Rumen Bacteriome Structure and Enzymatic Activities of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation with Schizochytrium spp. Microorganisms 2021. [PMID: 34361963 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071528/s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to produce functional dairy products enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by using feed supplements, radical changes could occur in the rumen microbiome. This work investigated the alterations of the rumen bacteriome of goats fed with PUFA-rich marine microalgae Schizochytrium spp. For the trial, twenty-four goats were divided into four homogenous clusters (six goats/treatment) according to their fat-corrected (4%) milk yield, body weight, and age; they were individually fed with alfalfa hay and a concentrate (F/C = 50/50). The concentrate of the control group (CON) contained no microalgae, while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 g (ALG60) of Schizochytrium spp./goat. Rumen fluid samples were collected using a stomach tube during the 20th and 40th days of the experiment. The microbiome analysis using a 16S rRNA sequencing platform revealed that Firmicutes were decreased in microalgae-fed goats, while Bacteroidetes showed a tendency to increase in the ALG40 group due to the enhancement of Prevotellaceae. Cellulolytic bacteria, namely Treponema bryantii, Ruminococcus gauvreauii, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens, were decreased in the ALG40 group, resulting in an overall decrease of cellulase activity. In contrast, the amylolytic potential was significantly enhanced due to an upsurge in Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum populations. In conclusion, supplementing goats' diets with 20 g Schizochytrium spp. could be considered a sustainable and efficient nutritional strategy to modulate rumen microbiome towards the development of dairy products enriched with bioactive compounds, while higher levels induced substantial shifts in determinant microbes' populations.
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18
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Effects of Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp. supplementation levels on in vitro rumen fermentation. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Poulopoulou I, Hadjigeorgiou I. Evaluation of Terpenes' Degradation Rates by Rumen Fluid of Adapted and Non-adapted Animals. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:307-313. [PMID: 33226580 PMCID: PMC8141084 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate terpenes degradation rate in the rumen fluid from adapted and non-adapted animals. Four castrated healthy animals, two rams and two bucks, were used. Animals were daily orally dosed for 2 weeks with 1 g of each of the following terpenes, α-pinene, limonene and β-caryophyllene. At the end of each week, rumen fluid (RF) samples were assayed in vitro for their potential to degrade terpenes over time. For each animal, a 10 mL reaction medium (RM) at a ratio 1:9 (v/v) was prepared and a terpenes solution at a concentration of 100 μg/ml each, was added in each RM tube. Tubes were incubated at 39 °C under anaerobic conditions and their contents sampled at 0, 2, 4, 8, 21 and 24 h. RF could degrade terpenes as it was shown by the significantly (P < 0.05) higher overall degradation rates. Individual terpene degradation rates, were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in week 5 for limonene and marginally (P = 0.083) higher also in week 5 for α-pinene. In conclusion, the findings of the present preliminary study suggest that terpenes can be degraded in the rumen fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Poulopoulou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Univeritätsplatz 5, 39100, Bozen - Bolzano, Italy.
| | - I Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855, Athens, Greece
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20
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Pajor F, Egerszegi I, Szűcs Á, Póti P, Bodnár Á. Effect of Marine Algae Supplementation on Somatic Cell Count, Prevalence of Udder Pathogens, and Fatty Acid Profile of Dairy Goats' Milk. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041097. [PMID: 33921380 PMCID: PMC8070433 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Schizochytrium limacinum marine algae on the milk composition and fatty acid profile, somatic cell count, and prevalence of pathogen bacteria in the raw milk of multiparous Alpine goats. Twenty-eight dairy goats were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (C)-fed with 1500 g alfalfa hay and 600 g concentrate; experimental group (MA)-received the same forages and concentrate supplemented with 10 g/head/day marine algae. The goats were housed indoors, while the experiment lasted five weeks, and the milk samples were taken every week. Marine algae feeding had no negative effect on milk composition. The marine algae inclusion significantly decreased the milk somatic cell count and the presence of udder pathogens in the MA group. Mean somatic cell count and presence of udder pathogens were 5.73 log cells/mL and 31%, respectively, in the C group, while these values were 5.34 log cells/mL and 10%, respectively, in the MA group. The marine algae supplementation significantly increased DHA and rumenic acid concentration in the milk of the MA group (0.32 and 0.99 g/100 g of fatty acids, respectively) compared to the C group (0.04 and 0.65 g/100 g of fatty acids, respectively). It can be concluded that a diet supplemented with marine algae significantly improves the udder health of goats and the concentrations of health-promoting fatty acids in milk.
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21
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Toral PG, Hervás G, Fernández-Díez C, Belenguer A, Frutos P. Rumen biohydrogenation and milk fatty acid profile in dairy ewes divergent for feed efficiency. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5569-5582. [PMID: 33663817 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable increase in livestock production would require selection for improved feed efficiency, but the mechanisms underlying this trait and explaining its large individual variation in dairy ruminants remain unclear. This study was conducted in lactating ewes to test the hypothesis that rumen biohydrogenation (BH) would differ between high- and low-efficiency animals, and these differences would be reflected in rumen fatty acid (FA) profile and affect milk FA composition. A second aim was to identify differences in FA that may serve as biomarkers of feed efficiency. Data of daily feed intake and milk yield and composition, as well as body weight, were collected individually over a 3-wk period in 40 ewes. The difference between the mean actual and predicted feed intake (estimated through metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance, production, and body weight change) over the period was used as the feed efficiency index (FEI) to select 8 of the highest feed efficiency (H-FE) and 8 of the lowest feed efficiency (L-FE) animals. In addition, residual feed intake (RFI) was estimated as the residual term from the regression of feed intake on various energy sinks. Rumen and milk FA composition were characterized by using gas chromatography, and results were analyzed using a statistical model that included the fixed effect of the group (H-FE vs. L-FE). The FEI averaged -0.29 ± 0.046 and 0.81 ± 0.084 in H-FE and L-FE, respectively, whereas RFI averaged -0.16 ± 0.084 and 0.18 ± 0.082, respectively. The correlation coefficient between both metrics was 0.69. Feed intake was similar in both groups, but H-FE showed greater milk yield, with increases in lactose content and yield, and in milk protein and fat production. Results from rumen FA profiles included a lower proportion of 18:2n-6, cis-9 18:1, and of several of their BH metabolites, and a greater concentration of 18:0, which may indicate that the apparent BH would be more complete in more efficient sheep. Milk FA analysis suggested that the greater fat yield in the H-FE group was mostly explained by increased de novo FA synthesis, whereas their milk would have lower proportions of cis-9 18:1 and C20 to 22n-6 polyunsaturated FA than L-FE. Stepwise multiple linear regression suggested that milk C20 to 22n-6 PUFA might be convenient biomarkers to discriminate more efficient dairy sheep. Further research is needed to validate these findings (e.g., under different dietary conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - C Fernández-Díez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - A Belenguer
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
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22
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Wang B, Wang Y, Zuo S, Peng S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Luo H. Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Profiling of Muscle Reveals Enhanced Meat Quality in Artificial Pasture Grazing Tan Lambs via Rescheduling the Rumen Bacterial Community. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:846-858. [PMID: 33405917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tan is a local fat-tail sheep that is famous for its great eating quality but with little attention to its meat metabolome. The aim of this study was to investigate Tan-lamb meat metabolome as well as the key rumen bacteria related to the beneficial compound deposition in the muscle using untargeted and targeted metabolomics under different feeding regimes: indoor feeding (F), artificial pasture grazing with indoor feeding (GF), and pure artificial pasture grazing (G). The untargeted metabolome was detected by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ruminal bacterial communities were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing. Using untargeted metabolomics, the main three altered metabolic pathways in the lamb, including amino acid, lipid, and nucleotide metabolisms, were found in the G group compared to the GF and F groups. Increased N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, acetylcarnitine, and l-carnitine, but decreased carnosine and creatinine, were the main newly found G group-associated metabolites, which might contribute to the improved lamb meat functional quality. Compared to the F group, the G group feeding increased the contents of sweet amino acids (e.g., glycine, alanine, serine, and threonine) and umami amino acids (e.g., glutamic acid and aspartic acid) in the muscle, and G and GF groups increased the level of meat polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), especially the concentration of n3 PUFA, and reduced n6/n3 in the muscle by targeted metabolomics. The abundance of ruminal Moryella was decreased, and Schwartzia and Anaeroplasma were increased in the G group, which were both strongly correlated with the n3 PUFA and other functional compounds in the muscle of lambs. In conclusion, artificial pasture grazing modified the meat amino acid and fatty acid composition as well as the related biological pathways through rescheduling the rumen bacterial community, which would be a better selection for production of healthier lamb meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Wang
- Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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23
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Performance, carcass traits, physicochemical properties and fatty acids composition of lamb's meat fed diets with marine microalgae meal (Schizochytrium sp.). Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Mavrommatis A, Tsiplakou E. The impact of the dietary supplementation level with Schizochytrium sp. on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile, of both blood plasma and milk of goats. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Ability of tannins to modulate ruminal lipid metabolism and milk and meat fatty acid profiles. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Impacts of feeding a fish-oil based feed supplement through 160 days in milk on reproductive and productive performance, as well as the health, of multiparous early-lactation Holstein cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Natalello A, Hervás G, Toral PG, Luciano G, Valenti B, Mendoza AG, Pauselli M, Priolo A, Frutos P. Bioactive compounds from pomegranate by-products increase the in vitro ruminal accumulation of potentially health promoting fatty acids. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Carreño D, Toral PG, Pinloche E, Belenguer A, Yáñez-Ruiz DR, Hervás G, McEwan NR, Newbold CJ, Frutos P. Rumen bacterial community responses to DPA, EPA and DHA in cattle and sheep: A comparative in vitro study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11857. [PMID: 31413283 PMCID: PMC6694141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of marine lipids as modulators of ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated fatty acids may be explained by the effects of their n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the bacterial community. However, the impact of individual PUFA has barely been examined, and it is uncertain which bacteria are truly involved in biohydrogenation. In addition, despite interspecies differences in rumen bacterial composition, we are not aware of any direct comparison of bovine and ovine responses to dietary PUFA. Therefore, rumen fluid from cannulated cattle and sheep were used as inocula to examine in vitro the effect of 20:5n-3 (EPA), 22:5n-3 (DPA), and 22:6n-3 (DHA) on the bacterial community. Amplicon 16 S rRNA sequencing suggested that EPA and DHA had a greater contribution to the action of marine lipids than DPA both in cattle and sheep. Certain effects were exclusive to each ruminant species, which underlines the complexity of rumen microbial responses to dietary fatty acids. Based on changes in bacterial abundance, Barnesiella, Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Hallela, Anaerovorax, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcus and Ruminobacter may be involved in the ruminal response in biohydrogenation to the addition of marine lipids, but further research is necessary to confirm their actual role in ruminal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Carreño
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.,Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Animal and Microbial Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - E Pinloche
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Animal and Microbial Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - A Belenguer
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - D R Yáñez-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - N R McEwan
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Animal and Microbial Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - C J Newbold
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Animal and Microbial Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom.,Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
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Pajor F, Egerszegi I, Steiber O, Bodnár Á, Póti P. Effect of marine algae supplementation on the fatty acid profile of milk of dairy goats kept indoor and on pasture. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/109955/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Marques JA, Del Valle TA, Ghizzi LG, Zilio EMC, Gheller LS, Nunes AT, Silva TBP, Dias MSDS, Grigoletto NTS, Koontz AF, da Silva GG, Rennó FP. Increasing dietary levels of docosahexaenoic acid-rich microalgae: Ruminal fermentation, animal performance, and milk fatty acid profile of mid-lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5054-5065. [PMID: 30954254 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary levels of microalgae (ALG), rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; All-G-Rich, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY), in isolipidic diets, on animal performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk fatty acid profile, energy balance, microbial protein synthesis, and blood serum metabolites in mid-lactating dairy cows. Twenty-four Holstein cows [130.3 ± 15.4 d in milk, and 30.8 ± 0.543 kg/d of milk yield (mean ± standard error)] were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the following treatments: control diet, without addition of ALG; and increasing levels of ALG [2, 4, and 6 g/kg of dry matter (DM)]. The ALG decreased DM intake and increased total-tract DM apparent digestibility. A tendency was observed for a quadratic effect on total-tract NDF digestibility by ALG inclusion, with peak value of the quadratic response at 4.13 g/kg of DM dose. Moreover, ALG increased ruminal pH and decreased acetate and total volatile fatty acid concentrations. Fat-corrected milk and energy-corrected milk were quadratically affected, and a tendency for a milk yield effect was observed when ALG levels increased, whereas maximal yields were observed with intermediate doses. Milk fat, protein, and lactose concentrations were diminished, whereas productive efficiency was improved by the increase of ALG levels. Saturated fatty acid proportions were decreased, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acid proportions were increased when ALG was fed. There was low DHA transfer into milk; however, ALG inclusion decreased C18:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9,12, and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 proportions, and increased C18:2 cis-9,trans-11, C18:1 trans-9, and C18:1 trans-11 proportions. Gross energy intake was decreased, whereas no effect was observed on digestible, metabolizable, or net energy intake. The ALG inclusion quadratically affected the microbial protein synthesis, with maximal enhancement at 3.24 g/kg of DM dose, and also increased serum cholesterol concentration. Under the conditions of this experiment, the inclusion of ALG in diets for mid-lactating dairy cows decreased feed intake and increased nutrient digestibility, improving productive efficiency and modifying milk fatty acid profile. Estimated intermediate doses (1.22 to 2.90 g/kg of DM) of DHA-rich ALG may be beneficial to milk, fat-corrected milk, and energy-corrected milk yields, and is recommended for dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia A Marques
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago A Del Valle
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Elissandra M C Zilio
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Gheller
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Alanne T Nunes
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Tássia B P Silva
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro S da S Dias
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália T S Grigoletto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme G da Silva
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco P Rennó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; Bursar 1-B of the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil 71605-001.
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Toral P, Hervás G, Frutos P. In vitro biohydrogenation of 13C-labeled α-linolenic acid in response to ruminal alterations associated with diet-induced milk fat depression in ewes. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:1213-1223. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mavrommatis A, Chronopoulou EG, Sotirakoglou K, Labrou NE, Zervas G, Tsiplakou E. The impact of the dietary supplementation level with schizochytrium sp, on the oxidative capacity of both goats’ organism and milk. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Toral PG, Hervás G, Peiró V, Frutos P. Conditions Associated with Marine Lipid-Induced Milk Fat Depression in Sheep Cause Shifts in the In Vitro Ruminal Metabolism of 1- 13C Oleic Acid. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:E196. [PMID: 30400269 PMCID: PMC6262421 DOI: 10.3390/ani8110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifts in ruminal oleic acid (OA) metabolism have received little research attention but recent studies have suggested their association with marine lipid-induced milk fat depression (MFD) in ewes and cows. Measurement of specific products of OA within the complex mixture of digesta lipids is however challenging. Therefore, this in vitro trial combined the isotopic labelling technique with the use of rumen inoculum from cannulated sheep fed a diet supplemented or not with 2% of fish oil (which has been demonstrated to cause MFD in dairy ruminants) to characterize the metabolism of OA in response to ruminal alterations associated with MFD. The products of 13C-OA after 24 h of incubation were analysed by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Numerous 13C-labeled 18:1 intermediates and oxygenated FA were detected and no elongation or desaturation of 13OA occurred. Diet supplementation with fish oil (i.e., MFD conditions) resulted in no unique metabolites of 13OA but in relevant changes in the relative contribution of specific metabolic pathways. The inhibition of 18:0 saturation caused by this treatment appeared largely attributable to increased oxygenated FA proportion, in particular the candidate milk fat inhibitor 10-oxo-18:0, and warrants further research on the association between MFD and oxygenated FA. Changes in the concentration of 13C-labeled trans 18:1 intermediates but not in cis 18:1, were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Leon, Grulleros, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Leon, Grulleros, Spain.
| | - Vanessa Peiró
- Interdepartmental Research Service (SIdI), Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Leon, Grulleros, Spain.
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Review: Modulating ruminal lipid metabolism to improve the fatty acid composition of meat and milk. Challenges and opportunities. Animal 2018; 12:s272-s281. [PMID: 30139411 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth in demand for foods with potentially beneficial effects on consumer health has motivated increased interest in developing strategies for improving the nutritional quality of ruminant-derived products. Manipulation of the rumen environment offers the opportunity to modify the lipid composition of milk and meat by changing the availability of fatty acids (FA) for mammary and intramuscular lipid uptake. Dietary supplementation with marine lipids, plant secondary compounds and direct-fed microbials has shown promising results. In this review, we have compiled information about their effects on the concentration of putative desirable FA (e.g. c9t11-CLA and vaccenic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids) in ruminal digesta, milk and intramuscular fat. Marine lipids rich in very long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) efficiently inhibit the last step of C18 FA biohydrogenation (BH) in the bovine, ovine and caprine, increasing the outflow of t11-18:1 from the rumen and improving the concentration of c9t11-CLA in the final products, but increments in t10-18:1 are also often found due to shifts toward alternative BH pathways. Direct-fed microbials appear to favourably modify rumen lipid metabolism but information is still very limited, whereas a wide variety of plant secondary compounds, including tannins, polyphenol oxidase, essential oils, oxygenated FA and saponins, has been examined with varying success. For example, the effectiveness of tannins and essential oils is as yet controversial, with some studies showing no effects and others a positive impact on inhibiting the first step of BH of PUFA or, less commonly, the final step. Further investigation is required to unravel the causes of inconsistent results, which may be due to the diversity in active components, ruminant species, dosage, basal diet composition and time on treatments. Likewise, research must continue to address ways to mitigate negative side-effects of some supplements on animal performance (particularly, milk fat depression) and product quality (e.g. altered oxidative stability and shelf-life).
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Alves SP, Mendonça SH, Silva JL, Bessa RJB. Nannochloropsis oceanica, a novel natural source of rumen-protected eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) for ruminants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10269. [PMID: 29980726 PMCID: PMC6035222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that whole microalga biomass is a natural rumen-protected source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) for ruminants. To test our hypothesis, we studied the ruminal biohydrogenation of EPA from two microalgae, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Phaeodactylum tricornutum using in vitro incubations with rumen fluid. A total mixed ration was incubated with: no EPA (control), EPA as free-fatty acid, N. oceanica spray-dried (SD), N. oceanica freeze-dried (FD), or P. tricornutum FD. The kinetics of EPA disappearance and of products formed during the 24 hours of incubation were evaluated, and complemented by deuterated-EPA incubation. Results showed that EPA metabolism from the N. oceanica was remarkably reduced compared with the P. tricornutum and free-EPA, and this reduction was even more effective with the N. oceanica FD. Our data also indicates that neither feed dry matter disappearance nor rumen microbial markers (branched-chain fatty acids and dimethyl acetals) were affected by EPA-sources. We reported for the first time the kinetics of EPA biohydrogenation class products and the unequivocal formation of 20:0 from EPA. Overall, N. oceanica shows a strong potential to be used as a natural dietary source of EPA to ruminants, nevertheless further studies are needed to verify its protection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Alves
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sofia H Mendonça
- ALLMICROALGAE, Av. Eng. Duarte Pacheco 19, 9° piso, 1070-100, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana L Silva
- ALLMICROALGAE, Av. Eng. Duarte Pacheco 19, 9° piso, 1070-100, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
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Frutos P, Toral P, Belenguer A, Hervás G. Milk fat depression in dairy ewes fed fish oil: Might differences in rumen biohydrogenation, fermentation, or bacterial community explain the individual variation? J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6122-6132. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Toral P, Hervás G, Leskinen H, Shingfield K, Frutos P. In vitro ruminal biohydrogenation of eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cows and ewes: Intermediate metabolites and pathways. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6109-6121. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dewanckele L, Vlaeminck B, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Ruiz-González A, Debruyne S, Jeyanathan J, Fievez V. Rumen Biohydrogenation and Microbial Community Changes Upon Early Life Supplementation of 22:6 n-3 Enriched Microalgae to Goats. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:573. [PMID: 29636742 PMCID: PMC5880937 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched products inhibits the final step of biohydrogenation in the adult rumen, resulting in the accumulation of 18:1 isomers, particularly of trans(t)-11 18:1. Occasionally, a shift toward the formation of t10 intermediates at the expense of t11 intermediates can be triggered. However, whether similar impact would occur when supplementing DHA-enriched products during pregnancy or early life remains unknown. Therefore, the current in vivo study aimed to investigate the effect of a nutritional intervention with DHA in the early life of goat kids on rumen biohydrogenation and microbial community. Delivery of DHA was achieved by supplementing DHA-enriched microalgae (DHA Gold) either to the maternal diet during pregnancy (prenatal) or to the diet of the young offspring (postnatal). At the age of 12 weeks, rumen fluid was sampled for analysis of long-chain fatty acids and microbial community based on bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Postnatal supplementation with DHA-enriched microalgae inhibited the final biohydrogenation step, as observed in adult animals. This resulted particularly in increased ruminal proportions of t11 18:1 rather than a shift to t10 intermediates, suggesting that both young and adult goats might be less prone to dietary induced shifts toward the formation of t10 intermediates, in comparison with cows. Although Butyrivibrio species have been identified as the most important biohydrogenating bacteria, this genus was more abundant when complete biohydrogenation, i.e. 18:0 formation, was inhibited. Blautia abundance was positively correlated with 18:0 accumulation, whereas Lactobacillus spp. Dialister spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were more abundant in situations with greater t10 accumulation. Extensive comparisons made between current results and literature data indicate that current associations between biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen bacteria in young goats align with former observations in adult ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Dewanckele
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexis Ruiz-González
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sieglinde Debruyne
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
| | - Jeyamalar Jeyanathan
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Jayanegara A, Novandri B, Yantina N, Ridla M. Use of black soldier fly larvae ( Hermetia illucens) to substitute soybean meal in ruminant diet: An in vitro rumen fermentation study. Vet World 2017; 10:1439-1446. [PMID: 29391684 PMCID: PMC5771168 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1439-1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This experiment aimed to evaluate substitution of soybean meal (SBM) by black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meal in a napier grass diet as performed by an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Materials and Methods: Samples of napier grass, SBM, and BSF larvae age 1 week (BSF1) and 2 weeks (BSF2) were arranged according to the following dietary treatments (dry matter [DM] basis): T1, 100% napier grass; T2, 60% napier grass + 40% SBM; T3, 60% napier grass + 40% BSF1; T4, 60% napier grass + 40% BSF2; T5, 60% napier grass + 20% SBM + 20% BSF1; and T6, 60% napier grass + 20% SBM + 20% BSF2. The samples were determined for their chemical composition and were incubated in vitro using buffered rumen fluid for 48 h at 39°C. In vitro incubation was carried out in three runs and represented by two incubation bottles per run. Results: Supplementation of BSF, both BSF1 and BSF2, increased ether extract, neutral- and acid-detergent insoluble crude protein contents of T3-T6 diets. The T3 or T4 diet resulted in lower ruminal ammonia concentration, in vitro DM digestibility, and in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibility as compared to those in T2 (p<0.05). Diet supplemented with BSF produced lower methane emission in comparison to that of supplemented with SBM (p<0.05). Diet containing BSF2 produced lower methane and methane per digestible OM than that containing BSF1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Substitution of SBM by BSF in ruminant diet results in a lower nutritional value in vitro but with an advantage of lowering ruminal methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Briliannanda Novandri
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Nover Yantina
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ridla
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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