1
|
González-Cabrera M, Álvarez S, Salomone-Caballero M, Castro N, Argüello A, Hernández-Castellano LE. Intramammary administration of lipopolysaccharides at parturition does not affect the transfer of passive immunity in goat kids. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01041-5. [PMID: 39067758 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of feeding colostrum obtained from an intramammary administration (IA) of LPS from Escherichia coli (O55:B5) to dairy goats at parturition, on goat kids performance, biochemical parameters (i.e., calcium, LDH, glucose, total proteins, albumin, and urea) and immune status (i.e., IgG and IgM) during the first month of life. At birth, goat kids were weighted (d 0) and immediately allocated into either the LPS group (n = 15) or the CON group (n = 21) based on the experimental group of the dam. At parturition, 20 multiparous dairy goats were allocated in one of the 2 experimental groups (LPS vs. CON). The LPS group received an IA of saline solution (2 mL) containing 50 µg of LPS in each half udder whereas goats in the CON group received an IA of saline solution (2 mL) without LPS. Goat kids were bottle-fed dam colostrum equivalent to 10% of the birth BW divided in 2 meals (i.e., at 3 and 12 h relative to birth), and then fed twice daily with milk replacer ad libitum. Individual milk intake (MI) and BW were recorded on d 7, 15, 21 and 30 of life. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 15, 21 and 30 after birth. Data was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (9.4). The model included IA, time (T) and the interaction (IA x T) as fixed effects and sex and litter size as random effects. Both groups showed similar MI, except on d 7 relative to birth as the LPS group showed higher MI than the CON group (910.5 ± 69.77 and 683.9 ± 59.64 mL, respectively). No differences in BW or rectal temperature were observed between groups, neither in plasma IgG nor IgM concentrations. Despite the IA did not affect calcium, glucose, LDH, total protein, and albumin concentrations an interaction between the IA and T was observed for urea concentration, showing the LPS group higher urea concentrations than the CON group on d 0 (20.1 ± 1.34 and 20.0 ± 1.25 mg/dL, respectively). In conclusion, feeding colostrum from goats that received an IA of LPS at parturition does not affect goat kid performance, plasma immunoglobulin concentrations and serum metabolites during the first month of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M González-Cabrera
- IUSA-ONEHEALTH 4. Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain.
| | - S Álvarez
- Unit of Animal Production, Pasture, and Forage in Arid and Subtropical Areas. Canary Islands Institute for Agricultural Research, (Cno El Pico, s/n 38260 Tejina La Laguna) Spain
| | - M Salomone-Caballero
- IUSA-ONEHEALTH 4. Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - N Castro
- IUSA-ONEHEALTH 4. Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain.
| | - A Argüello
- IUSA-ONEHEALTH 4. Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - L E Hernández-Castellano
- IUSA-ONEHEALTH 4. Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scaglia E, Reggi S, Canala B, Frazzini S, Dell’Anno M, Hejna M, Rossi L. The Effects of Milk Replacer Supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum as a Novel Ingredient to Prevent Neonatal Diarrhea in Dairy Calves and Improve Their Health Status. Vet Sci 2023; 10:618. [PMID: 37888570 PMCID: PMC10610816 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and health during pre-weaning affect the calves' future fertility, calving age, production, and carrier length. Calves are highly susceptible to neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), which can be fatal. NCD is due to hypovolemia and acidosis, which may involve anorexia and ataxia. The One Health principle calls for a drastic reduction in antimicrobial use. One approach is to improve animal health and reduce the use of antibiotics and functional ingredients that have beneficial effects due to bioactive compounds. Several functional ingredients and additives can be considered, and, in particular for this study, Ascophyllum nodosum was considered. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of A. nodosum as a functional ingredient implemented into the milk replacer in neonatal calves. Twelve pre-weaned Holstein Frisian calves, housed in twelve individual pens in the same environmental conditions, were divided into two groups of six animals: a control group (CTRL, n = 6) fed with a milk replacer, and a treatment group receiving milk enriched with 10 g of A. nodosum in their diet (TRT, n = 6) for 42 days. The fecal score was evaluated daily (3-0 scale) to monitor the incidence of diarrhea in the two groups. The body weight was evaluated weekly, and every two weeks feces were collected for microbiological evaluation using a selective medium for plate counting of total, lactic acid, and coliform bacteria. To verify the presence of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia coli, real-time qPCR was used. At the beginning and at the end of the trial, blood samples were obtained for serum metabolite analysis. The growth performance did not differ in either of the two groups, but significant differences were observed in the incidence of moderate diarrhea (p-value < 0.0113), where the TRT group showed a lower incidence of cases during the 42-day period. Serum analysis highlighted higher contents of albumin, calcium, phosphorus, and total cholesterol in the TRT group compared to CTRL (p-value < 0.05). In conclusion, implementation of A. nodosum in the diet of calves can lead to better animal welfare and may reduce the use of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Scaglia
- Department Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics—DICATAM, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Serena Reggi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (B.C.); (S.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Benedetta Canala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (B.C.); (S.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Sara Frazzini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (B.C.); (S.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Matteo Dell’Anno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (B.C.); (S.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Monika Hejna
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (B.C.); (S.F.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maggiolino A, Centoducati G, Casalino E, Elia G, Latronico T, Liuzzi MG, Macchia L, Dahl GE, Ventriglia G, Zizzo N, De Palo P. Use of a commercial feed supplement based on yeast products and microalgae with or without nucleotide addition in calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4397-4412. [PMID: 37080790 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of feed additives with antioxidant and immune response modulatory activity could be a useful strategy in suckling calves to reduce morbidity and mortality. This strategy is based on several feed additives tested for these purposes. The aim of the paper is the examination of a commercial feed additive for adult cows for use in calves, with and without nucleotide supplementation. Seventy-five Holstein Friesian male calves were divided in 3 groups, with each calf randomly assigned to a group according to birth order. All calves received 2 L of pooled colostrum within 2 h of birth. The commercial feed supplement group was orally administered with 5 g/head of Decosel (dried brewer's yeast lysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), brewer's yeast walls (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), diatoms, spirulina, barley flour, calcium carbonate; Agroteam srl, Torrimpietra, Italy) and the nucleotides + commercial feed supplement group was orally administered with 5 g/head of an additive containing 2.5 g of Decosel and 2.5 g of nucleotides once daily from birth to 25 d. The control group was orally administered 20 mL of fresh water/head once daily. Calves that received the supplement and the nucleotides showed lower rates of protein and metabolizable energy conversion, with longer villi and greater crypt depth in duodenum. Moreover, the commercial feed supplement alone increased antioxidant capacity [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power] in plasma some activity of antioxidant liver enzymes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability after in vitro concanavalin A and H2O2 stimuli. Dietary supplementation with a commercial feed supplement containing yeast products (yeast cell walls and hydrolyzed yeast) and microalgae enhanced the redox balance and gut morphology in calves, allowing calves to improve their immune response, increasing resistance to stress. Moreover, these beneficial effects were strongly potentiated when dietary nucleotides were added to the supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gerardo Centoducati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Casalino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, 70026 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, 70026 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Macchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Geoffrey E Dahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - Gianluca Ventriglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qin N, Pétursdóttir ÁH, Humphries DJ, Desnica N, Newton EE, Vanhatalo A, Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Bell L, Givens DI, Juniper DT, Gunnlaugsdóttir H, Stergiadis S. Mineral concentrations in milk from cows fed seaweed (Saccharina latissima) under different basal protein supplementation. Food Chem 2023; 403:134315. [PMID: 36183466 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows in four blocks of 4 × 4 Latin square over 4-week experimental periods were used to study the effects of seaweed (Saccharina latissima) supplement (with/without) and protein source (rapeseed meal (RSM)/wheat distiller's grain (WDG)) on milk mineral concentrations. Dietary treatments did not affect milk production and basic composition. Feeding seaweed slightly decreased milk Ca and Cu concentrations; whilst increased (by 3.3-fold) milk iodine (I) concentration, due to a higher dietary I supply. Substitution of WDG with RSM increased feed-to-milk transfer of Ca, Na, and Se and decreased that of Mg, P, Fe, and Mn; but only reduced milk Mn and I concentrations (the latter by 27 % as a potential result of increased glucosinolate intake). Seaweed supplement can improve milk I content when cows' I supply/availability is limited, but care should be taken to avoid excess milk I contents that may pose nutritional risks for young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanbing Qin
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | | | - David J Humphries
- Centre for Dairy Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Hall Farm House Church Ln, Reading RG2 9HX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric E Newton
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Aila Vanhatalo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | | | - Luke Bell
- Department of Crop Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - D Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Darren T Juniper
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir
- Matís ltd, Vínlandsleið 12, Reykjavík 113, Iceland; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gomaa NA, Darwish SA, Aly MA. Immunometabolic response in Egyptian water buffalo cows during the transition period. Vet World 2021; 14:2678-2685. [PMID: 34903925 PMCID: PMC8654763 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2678-2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The transition period is extremely critical for pregnant producing animals. However, there is very limited research on the metabolic and immunological changes in Egyptian water buffalo cows during the transition period. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the immunometabolic changes occurring during the transition period in Egyptian water buffalo cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 multiparous pregnant Egyptian water buffalo cows were subjected to weekly blood sampling 3 weeks before calving and 3 weeks after calving and on the day of parturition to determine the complete blood count, including red blood cell count, total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count, hemoglobin level, and packed cell volume (PCV). Some selected serum biochemical and immunological parameters were analyzed, including serum glucose, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, Haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin β1, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. All data were statistically analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistics software. Results: The neutrophil count showed a statistically significant increase at 2 weeks preparturition. There was also a significant increase in PCV, TLC, neutrophil count, and IL-6 and TNF-a level at the time of parturition and even at 2 weeks post parturition, except PCV that returned to normal levels in the 1st week post parturition. BHBA and BUN levels were increased significantly in the 2nd and 3rd weeks postcalving. Serum creatinine and VLDL levels were decreased significantly at the time of parturition, and VLDL levels showed a significant decrease even till the 3rd week postcalving, whereas creatinine levels gradually returned to the pre-calving levels in the 3rd week postcalving. Other parameters showed no significant changes. Conclusion: The most important immunometabolic changes occur in the first 2 weeks post parturition in Egyptian water buffalo cows, which exhibit a potent, remarkable physiological adaptation achieved by their functional liver, which can help the animal overcome the stressful conditions during the transition period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa A Gomaa
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Samy A Darwish
- Mehallat Mousa Buffalo Research Station, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Aly
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat-City University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Samarasinghe MB, Sehested J, Weisbjerg MR, van der Heide ME, Nørgaard JV, Vestergaard M, Hernández-Castellano LE. Feeding milk supplemented with Ulva sp., Ascophyllum nodosum, or Saccharina latissima to preweaning dairy calves: Effects on growth, gut microbiota, gut histomorphology, and short-chain fatty acids in digesta. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12117-12126. [PMID: 34454759 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging knowledge shows the importance of preweaning nutrition on programming the gastrointestinal microbiome and development of the gut barrier function. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of supplementing cow milk with either intact dried Ulva sp., Ascophyllum nodosum, or Saccharina latissima on growth performance and several gut health parameters of preweaning dairy calves. Forty male Holstein calves were selected based on birth weight (41 ± 4 kg) and plasma Brix percentage (≥8.7%) at d 2 of life. From d 2 to d 42 of life, the control calves (n = 10) were fed with cow milk (8 L/d) without seaweed supplementation, and the experimental calves were fed with cow milk (8 L/d) supplemented with either Ulva sp. (n = 10), A. nodosum (n = 10), or S. latissima (n = 10) at a concentration of 50 g/8 L of cow milk per day (i.e., 5% on a dry matter basis). Calves were weighed every week, and body weight gain and calf starter intake were monitored weekly. At d 42 ± 3 of life, calves were slaughtered. The organ weights and digesta pH from the reticulorumen, mid- and end small intestine, and mid-colon were recorded. A tissue sample (5 cm) collected from the mid-small intestine was analyzed for histomorphology. Digesta from the mid-small intestine and mid-colon were analyzed for lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacteriaceae, and short-chain fatty acid profile. Weight gain of the calves was not affected by seaweed supplementation. Proportional organ weights were not affected by seaweed supplementation except for reticulorumen weight, which was higher in calves fed Ulva sp. Both the mid-small intestinal and mid-colonic digesta populations of lactobacilli, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli, as well as the mid-small intestinal histomorphology in seaweed-supplemented calves were not different from control calves. However, acetic acid proportion in mid-colonic digesta was increased in calves fed Ulva sp. and A. nodosum, whereas butyric acid proportion was decreased compared with the control calves. Digesta pH in mid- and end small intestine and mid-colon were not affected, whereas ruminal pH was increased in calves fed Ulva sp. compared with the control calves. In conclusion, intact dried seaweed supplementation did not improve the growth or selected gut health parameters (i.e., histomorphology, digesta pH, bacteria, and short-chain fatty acids) in preweaning Holstein calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Samarasinghe
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - J Sehested
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M E van der Heide
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - J V Nørgaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - L E Hernández-Castellano
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Animal Production and Biotechnology group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|