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Ahlborn NG, Montoya CA, Roy NC, Ye A, Samuelsson LM, Wieliczko RJ, McNabb WC. Heat Treatment and Homogenization Influence the Gastric Digestion of Bovine Milk Protein in Growing Pigs as an Adult Human Model. J Nutr 2024; 154:2097-2107. [PMID: 38703889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk processing influences the structure of the curd formed during gastric digestion, which may alter gastric protein hydrolysis and impact amino acid (AA) release into the small intestine. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the influence of heat treatment and homogenization on the gastric protein digestion and AA emptying of bovine milk. METHODS Nine-wk-old pigs (n = 144) consumed either raw, pasteurized nonhomogenized (PNH), pasteurized homogenized (PH), or ultra-high-temperature homogenized (UHT) bovine milk for 10 d. On day 11, fasted pigs received the milk treatment (500 mL) before gastric contents were collected at 0, 20, 60, 120, 180, and 300 min postprandially. The apparent degree of gastric protein hydrolysis (based on the release of free amino groups), apparent gastric disappearance of individual proteins [based on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel band intensity], and the gastric emptying of digested protein and AA were determined. RESULTS During the first 60 min, the rate of apparent gastric protein hydrolysis was fastest in pigs fed UHT milk (0.29%/min compared with on average 0.07%/min in pigs fed raw, PNH, and PH milk). Differences in the apparent degree of gastric protein hydrolysis and emptying were reflected in the rate of digested protein entering the small intestine. The AA gastric emptying half-time was generally shorter in pigs fed PH and UHT milk than in pigs fed raw and PNH milk. For example, the gastric release of total essential AA was >2-fold faster (P < 0.01) in pigs fed PH or UHT milk than that in pigs fed raw or PNH milk (i.e., homogenized compared with nonhomogenized milk). CONCLUSIONS Heat treatment and homogenization increased the apparent gastric degree of protein hydrolysis and the release of digested protein into the small intestine. However, the rate of AA entering the small intestine was mainly increased by homogenization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G Ahlborn
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Smart Foods and Bioproducts Group, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Smart Foods and Bioproducts Group, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Aiqian Ye
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Linda M Samuelsson
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts Group, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Wieliczko
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts Group, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
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2
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van Eijnatten EJM, Roelofs JJM, Camps G, Huppertz T, Lambers TT, Smeets PAM. Gastric coagulation and postprandial amino acid absorption of milk is affected by mineral composition: a randomized crossover trial. Food Funct 2024; 15:3098-3107. [PMID: 38416477 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Background: In vitro studies suggest that casein coagulation of milk is influenced by its mineral composition, and may therefore affect the dynamics of protein digestion, gastric emptying and appearance of amino acids (AA) in the blood, but this remains to be confirmed in vivo. Objective: This study aimed to compare gastrointestinal digestion between two milks with the same total calcium content but different casein mineralization (CM). Design: Fifteen males (age 30.9 ± 13.8 years, BMI 22.5 ± 2.2 kg m-2) participated in this randomized cross-over study with two treatments. Participants underwent gastric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at the baseline and every 10 min up to 90 min after consumption of 600 ml milk with low or high CM. Blood samples were taken at the baseline and up to 5 hours postprandially. Primary outcomes were postprandial plasma AA concentrations and gastric emptying rate. Secondary outcomes were postprandial glucose and insulin levels, gastric coagulation as estimated by image texture metrics, and appetite ratings. Results: Gastric content volume over time was similar for both treatments. However, gastric content image analysis suggested that the liquid fraction emptied quicker in the high CM milk, while the coagulum emptied slower. Relative to high CM, low CM showed earlier appearance of AAs that are more dominant in casein, such as proline (MD 4.18 μmol L-1, 95% CI [2.38-5.98], p < 0.001), while there was no difference in appearance of AAs that are more dominant in whey protein, such as leucine. The image texture metrics homogeneity and busyness differed significantly between treatments (MD 0.007, 95% CI [0.001, 0.012], p = 0.022; MD 0.005, 95% CI [0.001, 0.010], p = 0.012) likely because of a reduced coagulation in the low CM milk. Conclusions: Mineral composition of milk can influence postprandial serum AA kinetics, likely due to differences in coagulation dynamics. The clinical trial registry number is NL8959 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise J M van Eijnatten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Julia J M Roelofs
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido Camps
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Food Quality and Design group, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Tim T Lambers
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A M Smeets
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Li S, Dixit Y, Reis MM, Singh H, Ye A. Movements of moisture and acid in gastric milk clots during gastric digestion: Spatiotemporal mapping using hyperspectral imaging. Food Chem 2024; 431:137094. [PMID: 37586231 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant milk is known to coagulate into structured clots during gastric digestion. This study investigated the movements of moisture and acid in skim milk clots formed during dynamic gastric digestion and the effects of milk type (regular or calcium-rich) and the presence/absence of pepsin. We conducted hyperspectral imaging analysis and successfully modelled the moisture contents based on the spectral information using partial least squares regression. We generated prediction maps of the spatiotemporal distribution of moisture within the samples at different stages of gastric digestion. Simultaneously to acid uptake, the moisture in the milk clots tended to decrease over the digestion time; this was significantly promoted by pepsin. Moisture mapping by hyperspectral imaging demonstrated that the high and low moisture zones were centralized within the clot and at the surface respectively. A structural compaction process promoted by pepsinolysis and acidification probably contributed to the water expulsion from the clots during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yash Dixit
- AgResearch Ltd, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Private Bag 11 008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marlon M Reis
- AgResearch Ltd, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Private Bag 11 008, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aiqian Ye
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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4
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van Eijnatten EJM, Camps G, Guerville M, Fogliano V, Hettinga K, Smeets PAM. Milk coagulation and gastric emptying in women experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms after ingestion of cow's milk. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14696. [PMID: 37877465 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms after drinking milk are often attributed to lactose intolerance or cow's milk allergy. However, some individuals without either condition still report gastrointestinal symptoms after drinking milk. This may be caused by gastric emptying (GE) rate or gastric protein coagulation. This study aimed to compare GE rate and protein coagulation after milk consumption between individuals reporting gastrointestinal symptoms and those without symptoms using a novel gastric MRI approach. METHODS Thirty women were included in this case-control study, of whom 15 reported gastrointestinal symptoms after drinking milk and 15 were controls. Participants underwent gastric MRI before and up to 90 min after consumption of 250 mL cow's milk. Gastric content volume and image texture of the stomach contents were used to determine GE and changes in the degree of coagulation. KEY RESULTS GE half-time did not differ between the groups (gastrointestinal symptom group 66 ± 18 min; control group 61 ± 14 min, p = 0.845). The gastrointestinal symptom group reported symptoms from 30 min onwards and rated pain highest at 90 min. The control group reported no symptoms. Image texture analyses showed a significantly higher percentage of coagulum and lower percentage of liquid in the group in the GI symptom group (MD 11%, 95% CI [3.9, 17], p = 0.003). In vitro data suggests that pH and proteolytic enzyme activity influence the coagulum structure. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Gastric milk coagulation and emptied fraction of stomach content may differ between individuals experiencing symptoms after milk consumption, possibly due to differences in pH and proteolytic enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Camps
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Guerville
- Nutrition Department, Lactalis Research and Development, Retiers, France
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A M Smeets
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Jena A, Montoya CA, Fraser K, Giezenaar C, Young W, Mullaney JA, Dilger RN, Roy D, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Metabolite profiling of peripheral blood plasma in pigs in early postnatal life fed whole bovine, caprine or ovine milk. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1242301. [PMID: 37823089 PMCID: PMC10564076 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants' milk is commonly used for supplying nutrients to infants when breast milk is unavailable or limited. Previous studies have highlighted the differences between ruminants' milk composition, digestion, absorption, and fermentation. However, whether consuming different ruminants' milk impact the appearance of the circulatory blood metabolites in the early postnatal life is not well understood. The analysis conducted here aimed to determine the effect of feeding exclusively whole milk from bovine, caprine or ovine species to pigs, approximately 7 days-old for 15 days, on circulatory blood plasma metabolites. Relative intensities of plasma metabolites were detected using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomic approach. Seven polar and 83 non-polar (lipids) metabolites in plasma were significantly different (false discovery rate < 0.05) between milk treatments. These included polar metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism and lipids belonging to phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and triglycerides. Compared to the caprine or bovine milk group, the relative intensities of polar metabolites and unsaturated triglycerides were higher in the peripheral circulation of the ovine milk group. In contrast, relative intensities of saturated triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine were higher in the bovine milk group compared to the ovine or caprine milk group. In addition, correlations were identified between amino acid and lipid intake and their appearance in peripheral blood circulation. The results highlighted that consuming different ruminants' milk influences the plasma appearance of metabolites, especially lipids, that may contribute to early postnatal life development in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Jena
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A. Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Giezenaar
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (FEAST) Laboratory, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane A. Mullaney
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Debashree Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Subramanian P, Nadia J, Paul Singh R, Bornhorst GM. Comparison of four digestion protocols on the physical characteristics of gastric digesta from cooked couscous using the Human Gastric Simulator. Food Funct 2023; 14:8229-8247. [PMID: 37674386 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro digestion is widely employed in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical research, and numerous in vitro gastric digestion protocols have been proposed, with a wide range of experimental conditions. Differences in the simulated gastric fluids (pH, mineral content, enzyme type and enzyme activity) of different digestion protocols may alter the results for the digestion of the same meal. This study aimed to investigate how variations in the gastric secretion rate and composition in four in vitro digestion protocols (Infogest Riddet, Infogest Semi-dynamic, UC Davis and United States Pharmacopeia) impacted the physical properties of the emptied gastric digesta. Cooked couscous was used as a model meal and subjected to simulated gastric digestion using a dynamic gastric model, the Human Gastric Simulator (HGS). The digesta were collected from the outlet of the HGS after 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, or 180 min. The gastric emptying of dry matter, pH, rheological properties, and particle size were evaluated. The digestion protocol significantly influenced the solid content and moisture content of the digesta (p < 0.001), particles per gram of dry matter (p < 0.0001), gastric emptying of dry matter (p < 0.003), shear stress at 0.45 s-1 and consistency coefficient (p < 0.0001). The presence of NaHCO3 in the Infogest Riddet and Infogest Semi-dynamic gastric secretions provided an additional buffering effect and increased the digesta pH during gastric digestion. Similarly, the inclusion of mucin in the UC Davis protocol resulted in a higher flow and viscoelastic properties of the emptied digesta. The highest dilution of gastric content in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) protocol resulted in larger particles emptied from the HGS and the longest gastric emptying half-time of all digestion protocols. These findings provide new insights into the impact of digestion protocols on the digesta properties, which can be beneficial for the design and standardization of in vitro digestion models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Nadia
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - R Paul Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
| | - Gail M Bornhorst
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
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7
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Ahlborn NG, Montoya CA, Roy D, Roy NC, Stroebinger N, Ye A, Samuelsson LM, Moughan PJ, McNabb WC. Differences in small intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of raw bovine, caprine, and ovine milk are explained by gastric amino acid retention in piglets as an infant model. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1226638. [PMID: 37731403 PMCID: PMC10507170 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rate of stomach emptying of milk from different ruminant species differs, suggesting that the small intestinal digestibility of nutrients could also differ across these milk types. Objective To determine the small intestinal amino acid (AA) digestibility of raw bovine, caprine, and ovine milk in the piglet as an animal model for the infant. Methods Seven-day-old piglets (n = 12) consumed either bovine, caprine, or ovine milk diets for 15 days (n = 4 piglets/milk). On day 15, fasted piglets received a single meal of fresh raw milk normalized for protein content and containing the indigestible marker titanium dioxide. Entire gastrointestinal tract contents were collected at 210 min postprandially. Apparent AA digestibility (disappearance) in different regions of the small intestine was determined. Results On average, 35% of the dietary AAs were apparently taken up in the small intestine during the first 210 min post-feeding, with 67% of the AA digestibility occurring in the first quarter (p ≤ 0.05) and 33% in the subsequent two quarters. Overall, except for isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, the small intestinal apparent digestibility of all AAs at 210 min postprandially in piglets fed ovine milk was, on average, 29% higher (p ≤ 0.05) than for those fed bovine milk. Except for lysine, there was no difference in the apparent digestibility (p > 0.05) of any AAs between piglets fed caprine milk or ovine milk. The apparent digestibility of alanine was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in piglets fed caprine milk than those fed bovine milk. When apparent digestibility was corrected for gastric AA retention, only small differences in the small intestinal apparent digestibility of AAs were observed across milk types. Conclusion Bovine, caprine and ovine milk had different apparent small intestinal AA digestibility at 210 min postprandially. When corrected for gastric AA retention, the differences in apparent digestibility across species largely disappeared. The apparent AA digestibility differed across small intestinal locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G. Ahlborn
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts Group, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A. Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts Group, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Debashree Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Aiqian Ye
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Linda M. Samuelsson
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts Group, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul J. Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wang K, Liu D, Tao X, Zhang J, Huppertz T, Regenstein JM, Liu X, Zhou P. Decalcification strongly affects in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of bovine casein micelles under infant, adult and elderly conditions. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Wang X, Roy D, Acevedo-Fani A, Ye A, Pundir S, Singh H. Challenges in simulating the biochemical environment of the infant stomach to assess the gastric digestion of infant formulae. Curr Opin Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Ahlborn NG, Montoya CA, Hodgkinson SM, Dave A, Ye A, Samuelsson LM, Roy NC, McNabb WC. Heat treatment and homogenization of bovine milk loosened gastric curd structure and increased gastric emptying in growing pigs. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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11
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Jena A, Montoya CA, Young W, Mullaney JA, Roy D, Dilger RN, Giezenaar C, McNabb WC, Roy NC. The effects of ruminant milk treatments on hippocampal, striatal, and prefrontal cortex gene expression in pigs as a model for the human infant. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:937845. [PMID: 36046471 PMCID: PMC9421158 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.937845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While infant formula is usually bovine milk-based, interest in other ruminant milk-based formulas is growing. However, whether different ruminant milk treatments with varying nutrient compositions influence the infant’s brain development remains unknown. The aim was to determine the effects of consuming bovine, caprine, or ovine milk on brain gene expression in the early postnatal period using a pig model of the human infant. Starting at postnatal day 7 or 8, pigs were exclusively fed bovine, ovine, or caprine milk for 15 days. The mRNA abundance of 77 genes in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum regions was measured at postnatal day 21 or 22 using NanoString. The expression level of two hippocampal and nine striatal genes was most affected by milk treatments, particularly ovine milk. These modulatory genes are involved in glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, adrenaline and neurotrophin signaling and the synaptic vesicle cycle. The expression level of genes involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling was associated with pigs’ lactose intake. In contrast, milk treatments did not affect the mRNA abundance of the genes in the prefrontal cortex. This study provides the first evidence of the association of different ruminant milk treatments with brain gene expression related to cognitive function in the first 3 months of postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Jena
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A. Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane A. Mullaney
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Debashree Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Caroline Giezenaar
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (FEAST) Laboratory, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Nicole C. Roy,
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12
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Acevedo-Fani A, Singh H. Food Structure and Nutrition Interface: New Perspectives in Designing Healthy and Sustainable Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5291-5298. [PMID: 35446581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing world population, impact of food production on climate change, and ongoing issues with diet-related diseases (e.g., malnutrition and obesity) are global major challenges. Recent advances in how food structure impacts the extent and kinetics of uptake of nutrients and its consequent effects on the physiological outcomes are beginning to shift our understanding of nutrition. This understanding is important to designing future foods that provide optimum nutrient bioavailability and deliver healthy outcomes. We discuss perspectives and scientific challenges in understanding the complex relationship between food structure/matrix modification during the digestion process and the absorption of nutrients as well as designing food structures with more sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Acevedo-Fani
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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13
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Wang X, Wolber FM, Ye A, Stroebinger N, Hamlin A, Zhu P, Montoya CA, Singh H. Gastric digestion of cow milk, almond milk and oat milk in rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:10981-10993. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, gastric digestion of isocaloric and iso-macronutrient cow milk, almond milk and oat milk were compared in rats euthanized at different post-feeding times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Frances M. Wolber
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aiqian Ye
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Natascha Stroebinger
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aimee Hamlin
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Peter Zhu
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A. Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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