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Worku D. Unraveling the genetic basis of methane emission in dairy cattle: a comprehensive exploration and breeding approach to lower methane emissions. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2362677. [PMID: 38860914 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2362677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Ruminant animals, such as dairy cattle, produce CH4, which contributes to global warming emissions and reduces dietary energy for the cows. While the carbon foot print of milk production varies based on production systems, milk yield and farm management practices, enteric fermentation, and manure management are major contributors togreenhouse gas emissions from dairy cattle. Recent emerging evidence has revealed the existence of genetic variation for CH4 emission traits among dairy cattle, suggests their potential inclusion in breeding goals and genetic selection programs. Advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies and analytical techniques have enabled the identification of potential metabolic biomarkers, candidate genes, and SNPs linked to methane emissions. Indeed, this review critically examines our current understanding of carbon foot print in milk production, major emission sources, rumen microbial community and enteric fermentation, and the genetic architecture of methane emission traits in dairy cattle. It also emphasizes important implications for breeding strategies aimed at halting methane emissions through selective breeding, microbiome driven breeding, breeding for feed efficiency, and breeding by gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destaw Worku
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Climate Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
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2
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Rodrigues ARF, Silva ME, Silva VF, Maia MRG, Cabrita ARJ, Trindade H, Fonseca AJM, Pereira JLS. Implications of seasonal and daily variation on methane and ammonia emissions from naturally ventilated dairy cattle barns in a Mediterranean climate: A two-year study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:173734. [PMID: 38857805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal and daily variations of gaseous emissions from naturally ventilated dairy cattle barns are important figures for the establishment of effective and specific mitigation plans. The present study aimed to measure methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) emissions in three naturally ventilated dairy cattle barns covering the four seasons for two consecutive years. In each barn, air samples from five indoor locations were drawn by a multipoint sampler to a photoacoustic infrared multigas monitor, along with temperature and relative humidity. Milk production data were also recorded. Results showed seasonal differences for CH4 and NH3 emissions in the three barns with no clear trends within years. Globally, diel CH4 emissions increased in the daytime with high intra-hour variability. The average hourly CH4 emissions (g h-1 livestock unit-1 (LU)) varied from 8.1 to 11.2 and 6.2 to 20.3 in the dairy barn 1, from 10.1 to 31.4 and 10.9 to 22.8 in the dairy barn 2, and from 1.5 to 8.2 and 13.1 to 22.1 in the dairy barn 3, respectively, in years 1 and 2. Diel NH3 emissions highly varied within hours and increased in the daytime. The average hourly NH3 emissions (g h-1 LU-1) varied from 0.78 to 1.56 and 0.50 to 1.38 in the dairy barn 1, from 1.04 to 3.40 and 0.93 to 1.98 in the dairy barn 2, and from 0.66 to 1.32 and 1.67 to 1.73 in the dairy barn 3, respectively, in years 1 and 2. Moreover, the emission factors of CH4 and NH3 were 309.5 and 30.6 (g day-1 LU-1), respectively, for naturally ventilated dairy cattle barns. Overall, this study provided a detailed characterization of seasonal and daily gaseous emissions variations highlighting the need for future longitudinal emission studies and identifying an opportunity to better adequate the existing mitigation strategies according to season and daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R F Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Eduarda Silva
- University of Porto, School of Economics and Management, LIADD-INESC TEC, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F Silva
- University of Porto, Faculty of Sciences, CRACS-INESC TEC, R. Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida R G Maia
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R J Cabrita
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António J M Fonseca
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José L S Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Agrarian Higher School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Quinta da Alagoa, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal; CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Campus Politécnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
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3
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van Gastelen S, Burgers EEA, Dijkstra J, de Mol R, Muizelaar W, Walker N, Bannink A. Long-term effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol on methane emission and milk production characteristics in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5556-5573. [PMID: 38395398 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the long-term effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on CH4 emission and milk production characteristics from dairy cows receiving 3-NOP in their diet for a full year, covering all lactation stages of the dairy cows. Sixty-four late-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows (34% primiparous) were blocked in pairs, based on expected calving date, parity, and daily milk yield. The experiment started with an adaptation period of 1 wk followed by a covariate period of 3 wk in which all cows received the same basal diet and baseline measurements were performed. Directly after, cows within a block were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: a diet containing on average 69.8 mg 3-NOP/kg DM (total ration level, corrected for intake of nonsupplemented GreenFeed bait) and a diet containing a placebo. Forage composition as well as forage-to-concentrate ratio altered with lactation stage (i.e., dry period and early, mid, and late lactation). Diets were provided as a total mixed ration, and additional bait was fed in GreenFeed units (C-Lock Inc.), which were used for emission measurements. Supplementation of 3-NOP did not affect total DMI, BW, or BCS, but resulted in a 6.5% increase in the yields of energy-corrected milk and fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM). Furthermore, milk fat and protein as well as feed efficiency were increased upon 3-NOP supplementation. Overall, a reduction of 21%, 20%, and 27% was achieved for CH4 production (g/d), yield (g/kg DMI), and intensity (g/kg FPCM), respectively, upon 3-NOP supplementation. The CH4 mitigation potential of 3-NOP was affected by the lactation stage dependent diet to which 3-NOP was supplemented. On average, a 16%, 20%, 16%, and 26% reduction in CH4 yield (g/kg DMI) was achieved upon 3-NOP supplementation for the dry period, and early, mid, and late-lactation diets, respectively. The CH4 mitigation potential of 3-NOP was affected by the length of 3-NOP supplementation within a lactation stage dependent diet and by variation in diet composition within a lactation stage dependent diet as a result of changes in grass and corn silage silos. In conclusion, 3-NOP reduced CH4 emission from cows receiving 3-NOP for a year, with a positive effect on production characteristics. The CH4 mitigation potential of 3-NOP was influenced by diet type, diet composition, and nutrition value, and the efficacy of 3-NOP appeared to decline over time but not continuously. Associated with changes in diet composition, increased efficacy of 3-NOP was observed at the start of the trial, at the start of a new lactation, and, importantly, at the end of the trial. These results suggest that diet composition has a large effect on the efficacy of 3-NOP, perhaps even larger than the week of supplementation after first introduction of 3-NOP. More studies are needed to clarify the long-term effects of 3-NOP on CH4 emission and to further investigate what influence variation in diet composition may have on the mitigation potential of 3-NOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne van Gastelen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Eline E A Burgers
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi de Mol
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Muizelaar
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Walker
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Dida MF, Garcia SC, Gonzalez LA. Dietary concentrate supplementation increases milk production and reduces predicted greenhouse gas emission intensity in pasture-based commercial dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5639-5652. [PMID: 38522827 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Controlled studies have extensively documented that concentrate supplements typically increase enteric CH4 emissions and milk yield and reduce emissions per unit of milk produced and dry matter intake. However, no studies have been conducted to determine the effect of concentrate on predicted greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms representing the Australian pasture-based farming system. Thus, this study sought to determine how dietary concentrate supplementation affects enteric and manure CH4, and N2O of Australian pasture-based dairy farms. The Australian Dairy Carbon Calculator was used, which incorporates emission factors and methodologies used in the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory as reported to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Primary data were collected and analyzed from 120 commercial farms in Australia's major dairy regions. Then the farms were divided into 4 groups based on their dietary concentrate supplementation: ≤1 (low; 15 farms), 1 to 2 (moderate; 35 farms), 2 to 3 (high; 35 farms), and ≥3 (very high; 35 farms) t of concentrate dry matter (tDM) per cow per year. Sources of greenhouse gas emissions were CO2 from concentrate production, enteric CH4, and manure CH4 and N2O. Total dry matter intake, milk yield, and daily enteric CH4 production (g/d) quadratically increased with concentrate level, whereas greenhouse gas emission intensity of milk production (kg of CO2 equivalent per kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk) decreased by 14% for farms supplementing with ≥3 tDM/cow per year compared with those supplementing with ≤1 tDM/cow per year of dietary concentrate. The N2O and CH4 emissions from manure increased quadratically and linearly, respectively, with the increasing supplementation of concentrate. Farms supplementing 2 to 3 tDM/cow per year showed substantial increases in gross income, gross margin, earnings before interest and tax, and net income ($/cow per year) compared with those supplementing of ≤1, 1 to 2, and ≥3 tDM/cow per year. Overall, increasing dietary concentrate supplementation for dairy cows resulted in increased milk production per cow, reduced greenhouse gas emissions per unit of milk produced, and increased income and profit. However, a comprehensive life cycle assessment study is needed to account for carbon sequestration by other farm components, such as pastures and trees, which were not considered in the present study. In addition, the present study was based on modeling and did not gather ground truth information for DMI, digestibility, crude protein, and urinary and fecal N excretion. Therefore, data should be interpreted with caution, and studies gathering such information are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulisa F Dida
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 2006 Camden, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sergio C Garcia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 2006 Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Luciano A Gonzalez
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 2006 Camden, NSW, Australia
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5
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Li S, Sun Y, Guo T, Liu W, Tong X, Zhang Z, Sun J, Yang Y, Yang S, Li D, Min L. Sargassum mcclurei Mitigating Methane Emissions and Affecting Rumen Microbial Community in In Vitro Rumen Fermentation. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2057. [PMID: 39061518 PMCID: PMC11274217 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Methane emissions from ruminants significantly contribute to greenhouse gases. This study explores the methane mitigation effect and mechanism of S. mcclurei through in vitro rumen fermentation, aiming to establish its potential as a feed additive. We investigated the effects of freeze-dried and dried S. mcclurei at supplementation levels of 2%, 5%, and 10% of dry matter on nutrient degradation, ruminal fermentation, methane inhibition, and microbial community structure in in vitro rumen fermentation. The freeze-dried S. mcclurei at 2% supplementation significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 18.85% and enhanced crude protein degradability. However, total VFA and acetate concentrations were lower in both treatments compared to the control. The microbial shifts included a decrease in Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Ruminococcus and an increase in Selenomonas, Succinivibrio, and Saccharofermentans, promoting propionate production. Additionally, a significant reduction in Methanomicrobium was observed, indicating direct methane mitigation. Freeze-dried S. mcclurei at a 2% supplementation level shows potential as an effective methane mitigation strategy with minimal impact on rumen fermentation, supported by detailed insights into microbial community changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (W.L.); (X.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yi Sun
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (W.L.); (X.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang feed biotechnology, Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, China;
| | - Wenyou Liu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (W.L.); (X.T.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China;
| | - Xiong Tong
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (W.L.); (X.T.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (W.L.); (X.T.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Shuli Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China;
| | - Dagang Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (W.L.); (X.T.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Li Min
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (W.L.); (X.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang feed biotechnology, Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, China;
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6
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Hristov AN. Invited review: Advances in nutrition and feed additives to mitigate enteric methane emissions. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4129-4146. [PMID: 38942560 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Methane, both enteric and from manure management, is the most important greenhouse gas from ruminant livestock, and its mitigation can deliver substantial decreases in the carbon footprint of animal products and potentially contribute to climate change mitigation. Although choices may be limited, certain feeding-related practices can substantially decrease livestock enteric CH4 emission. These practices can be generally classified into 2 categories: diet manipulation and feed additives. Within the first category, selection of forages and increasing forage digestibility are likely to decrease enteric CH4 emission, but the size of the effect, relative to current forage practices in the United States dairy industry, is likely to be minimal to moderate. An opportunity also exists to decrease enteric CH4 emissions by increasing dietary starch concentration, but interventions have to be weighed against potential decreases in milk fat yield and farm profitability. A similar conclusion can be made about dietary lipids and oilseeds, which are proven to decrease CH4 emission but can also have a negative effect on rumen fermentation, feed intake, and milk production and composition. Sufficient and robust scientific evidence indicates that some feed additives, specifically the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol, can substantially reduce CH4 emissions from dairy and beef cattle. However, the long-term effects and external factors affecting the efficacy of the inhibitor need to be further studied. The practicality of mass-application of other mitigation practices with proven short-term efficacy (i.e., macroalgae) is currently unknown. One area that needs more research is how nutritional mitigation practices (both diet manipulation and feed additives) interact with each other and whether there is synergism among feed additives with different mode of action. Further, effects of diet on manure composition and greenhouse gas emissions during storage (e.g., emission trade-offs) have not been adequately studied. Overall, if currently available mitigation practices prove to deliver consistent results and novel, potent, and safe strategies are discovered and are practical, nutrition alone can deliver up to 60% reduction in enteric CH4 emissions from dairy farms in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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Muñoz C, Muñoz IA, Rodríguez R, Urrutia NL, Ungerfeld EM. Effect of combining the methanogenesis inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol and cottonseeds on methane emissions, feed intake, and milk production of grazing dairy cows. Animal 2024; 18:101203. [PMID: 38935983 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
No single enteric CH4 mitigating strategy has been consistently effective or is readily applicable to ruminants in grassland systems. When CH4 mitigating strategies are effective under grazing conditions, mitigation is mild to moderate at best. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of combining two CH4 mitigation strategies deemed feasible to apply in grazing dairy cows, the methanogenesis inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol additive (3-NOP) and cottonseed supplementation (CTS), seeking to enhance their individual CH4 mitigating potential. Forty-eight dairy cows were evaluated in a continuous grazing study and supplemented with either a starch-based concentrate (STA) or one that contained cottonseeds (1.75 kg DM/d; CTS), and with either 19 g/d of 10% 3-NOP (Bovaer®) or the additive's carrier (placebo), in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were supplied mixed with a concentrate supplement (5 kg/d as fed) and offered in two equal rations at milking. Methane emissions were measured on weeks 4 and 8 using the sulphur hexafluoride tracer gas technique over a 5-d period. The 3-NOP and CTS treatments tended to interact on absolute CH4 such that 3-NOP decreased CH4 by 13.4% with STA, but there was no mitigation with 3-NOP and CTS. Treatment interactions were also obtained for CH4 yield, where 3-NOP tended to decrease CH4 when supplied with STA, and tended to increase it with CTS. The increase in CH4 yield with the CTS diet was driven by a numerical decrease in DM intake. Methane intensity was not affected by the 3-NOP or CTS treatments. Total volatile fatty acids in ruminal fluid were not affected by 3-NOP supplementation, but a reduction in acetate and an increase in propionate proportion occurred, resulting in decreased acetate: propionate. The 3-NOP additive decreased grass intake; however, energy-corrected milk yield and milk composition were largely unaffected. Milk urea increased with 3-NOP supplementation. Combining twice daily supplementation of 3-NOP and CTS did not enhance their CH4 mitigation potential when fed to grazing dairy cows. The relatively low inhibition of CH4 production by 3-NOP compared to studies with total mixed rations may result from the mode of delivery (pulse dosed twice daily) and time gap caused by experimental handling and moving of animals to pasture after 3-NOP supplementation in the milking parlour, which could have impaired the synchrony between the additive presence in the rumen and grass intake in paddocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Muñoz
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ruta 5 km 8 norte, 5290000 Osorno, Región de Los Lagos, Chile.
| | - I A Muñoz
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ruta 5 km 8 norte, 5290000 Osorno, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - R Rodríguez
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ruta 5 km 8 norte, 5290000 Osorno, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - N L Urrutia
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ruta 5 km 8 norte, 5290000 Osorno, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Camino Cajón-Vilcún km 10, 4880000 Temuco, Región de La Araucanía, Chile
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8
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Ramirez-Agudelo JF, Kebreab E. Systematic review for optimizing sample size in dairy cow methane emission studies in temperate regions: a comprehensive methodological approach. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00915-9. [PMID: 38876218 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
This research introduces a systematic framework for calculating sample size in studies focusing on enteric methane (CH4, g/kg of DMI) yield reduction in dairy cows. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed Central databases for studies published from 2012 to 2023. The inclusion criteria were: studies reporting CH4 yield and its variability in dairy cows, employing specific experimental designs (Latin Square Design (LSD), Crossover Design, Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and Repeated Measures Design) and measurement methods (Open-circuit respirometry chambers (RC), the GreenFeed system, and the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique), conducted in Canada, the United States and Europe. A total of 150 studies, which included 177 reports, met our criteria and were included in the database. Our methodology for using the database for sample size calculations began by defining 6 CH4 yield reduction levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 50%). Utilizing an adjusted Cohen's f formula and a power analysis we calculated the sample sizes required for these reductions in balanced LSD and RCBD reports from studies involving 3 or 4 treatments. The results indicate that within-subject studies (i.e., LSD) require smaller sample sizes to detect CH4 yield reductions compared with between-subject studies (i.e., RCBD). Although experiments using RC typically require fewer individuals due to their higher accuracy, our results demonstrate that this expected advantage is not evident in reports from RCBD studies with 4 treatments. A key innovation of this research is the development of a web-based tool that simplifies the process of sample size calculation (samplesizecalculator.ucdavis.edu). Developed using Python, this tool leverages the extensive database to provide tailored sample size recommendations for specific experimental scenarios. It ensures that experiments are adequately powered to detect meaningful differences in CH4 emissions, thereby contributing to the scientific rigor of studies in this critical area of environmental and agricultural research. With its user-friendly interface and robust backend calculations, this tool represents a significant advancement in the methodology for planning and executing CH4 emission studies in dairy cows, aligning with global efforts toward sustainable agricultural practices and environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ramirez-Agudelo
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - E Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA..
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9
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Liu Y, Li X, Diao Q, Ma T, Tu Y. In-Silico and in vitro Studies Revealed that Rosmarinic Acid Inhibited Methanogenesis via Regulating Composition and Function of Rumen Microbiota. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00905-6. [PMID: 38851580 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of methyl-coenzyme M reductase can suppress the activity of ruminal methanogens, thereby reducing enteric methane emissions of ruminants. However, developing specific and environmentally friendly inhibitors is a challenging endeavor. To identify a natural and effective methane inhibitor that specifically targets methyl-coenzyme M reductase, molecular docking technology was employed to screen a library of phytogenic compounds. A total of 52 candidate compounds were obtained through molecular docking technique. Rosmarinic acid (RA) was one of the compounds that could traverse a narrow channel and bind to the active sites of methyl-coenzyme M reductase, with a calculated binding free energy of -9.355 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the effects of rosmarinic acid supplementation on methane production, rumen fermentation, and the microorganism's community in dairy cows were investigated through in vitro rumen fermentation simulations according to a random design. Supplementation of RA resulted in a 15% decrease in methane production compared with the control. In addition, RA increased the molar proportion of acetate and propionate, whereas the sum of acetate and butyrate divided by propionate was decreased. At the bacterial level, the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Christensenellaceae R7 group, Candidatus Saccharimonas, Desulfovibrio, and Lachnospiraceae FE2018 group decreased with RA supplementation. Conversely, the addition of RA significantly increased the relative abundance of DNF00809 (a genus from Eggerthellaceae), Denitrobacterium, an unclassified genus from Eggerthellaceae, an unclassified genus from Bacteroidales, and an unclassified genus from Atopobiaceae. At the archaeal level, the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter decreased, while that of Methanosphaera increased with the RA supplementation. These findings suggested that RA has the potential to be used as a novel natural additive for inhibiting ruminal methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Tu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, P.R. China.
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10
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Battelli M, Colombini S, Crovetto GM, Galassi G, Abeni F, Petrera F, Manfredi MT, Rapetti L. Condensed tannins fed to dairy goats: Effects on digestibility, milk production, blood parameters, methane emission, and energy and nitrogen balances. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3614-3630. [PMID: 38246549 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT) are plant polyphenols that can affect feed digestibility and are potentially able to reduce enteric CH4 emissions in ruminants. In this in vivo trial with 8 lactating goats, we investigated the effects of 4 levels of inclusion of a commercial CT extract from quebracho (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% on dry matter basis; CON, Q2, Q4, and Q6, respectively). The experimental design was a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square with 28-d periods (24 d of diet adaptation and 4 d of sample collection) using metabolic cages and 4 open-circuit respiration chambers. The inclusion of CT in the diets did not affect the dry matter intake (DMI) but caused a linear decrease in diet digestibility, with reductions up to -11% for dry matter, -21% for crude protein (CP), -23% for α-amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated neutral detergent fiber corrected for insoluble ash (aNDFom), and -13% for gross energy, when comparing the Q6 and CON diets. However, ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was not affected by CT, although there were changes in VFA proportions. Milk yield was highest for Q4 (3,371 g/d) and lowest for Q6 (3,066 g/d). In terms of milk composition, CT induced a linear reduction of fat and CP concentrations. The reduction in CP digestibility resulted in a linear reduction in the milk urea level, up to -37% with Q6. Positively, CT linearly reduced the somatic cells count expressed as linear score. The feed efficiency was linearly decreased by CT inclusion. Furthermore, a shift from urinary to fecal nitrogen excretion was observed with CT. The retained nitrogen was always negative (on average -1.93 g/d). The CH4 yield (on average 19.2 g of CH4/kg DMI) was linearly reduced by CT inclusion, up to -18% with Q6. Regarding the CH4 intensity, CT induced a linear reduction when expressed per kilogram of milk, but not per kilogram of fat and protein-corrected milk. Moreover, the CH4 production per kilogram of digestible aNDFom was linearly increased by CT. The metabolizable energy intake (MEI) was not affected by the treatments, but the metabolizability (q = MEI/gross energy intake) was reduced as CT inclusion increased. From the results of the present study, it turned out that CT have a negative impact on feed digestibility and feed use efficiency. Condensed tannins can lower CH4 emissions from ruminants; however, the main mechanism of action is likely the decrease in feed digestibility. Furthermore, CT did not improve the N use efficiency. According to these findings, the positive environmental impacts of CT are only related to the shift from urinary to fecal N excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - S Colombini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - G M Crovetto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - G Galassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - F Abeni
- CREA Research Center for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - F Petrera
- CREA Research Center for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - M T Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - L Rapetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
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11
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de Mol R, Bannink A, Dijkstra J, Walker N, van Gastelen S. The effect of feeding and visiting behavior on methane and hydrogen emissions of dairy cattle measured with the GreenFeed system under different dietary conditions. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00853-1. [PMID: 38825123 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The objectives were to investigate the effect of feeding and visiting behavior of dairy cattle on CH4 and H2 production measured with voluntary visits to the GreenFeed system (GF) and to determine whether these effects depended on basal diet (BD) and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) supplementation. The experiment involved 64 lactating dairy cattle (146 ± 45 d in milk at the start of trial; mean ± SD) in 2 overlapping crossover trials, each consisting of 2 measurement periods. Cows within block were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 types of BD: a grass silage-based diet consisting of 30% concentrates and 70% grass silage (DM basis), a grass silage- and corn silage-mixed diet consisting of 30% concentrates, 42% grass silage, and 28% corn silage (DM basis), or a corn silage-based diet consisting of 30% concentrates, 14% grass silage, and 56% corn silage (DM basis). Each type of BD was subsequently supplemented with 0 and 60 mg 3-NOP/kg DM in one crossover, or 0 and 80 mg 3-NOP/kg DM in the other crossover. Diets were provided in feed bins which automatically recorded feed intake and feeding behavior, with additional concentrate fed in the GF. All visits to the GF that resulted in a spot measurement of both CH4 and H2 emission were analyzed in relation to feeding behavior (e.g., meal size and time interval to preceding meal) as well as GF visiting behavior (e.g., duration of visit). Feeding and GF visiting behavior was related to CH4 and H2 production measured with the GF, in particular the meal size before a GF measurement and the time interval between a GF measurement and the preceding meal. Relationships between gas production and both feeding and GF visiting behavior were affected both by type of BD and 3-NOP supplementation. With an increase of the time interval between a GF measurement and the preceding meal, CH4 production decreased with 0 mg 3-NOP/kg DM but increased with 60 and 80 mg 3-NOP/kg DM, whereas type of BD did not affect these relationships. In contrast, CH4 production increased with 0 mg 3-NOP/kg DM but decreased with 60 and 80 mg 3-NOP/kg DM upon an increase in the size of the meal preceding a GF measurement. With an increase of the time interval between a GF measurement and the preceding meal, or with a decrease of the size of the meal preceding a GF measurement, H2 production decreased for all treatments, although the effect was generally somewhat stronger for 60 and 80 mg 3-NOP/kg DM than for 0 mg 3-NOP/kg DM. Hence, the timing of GF measurements next to feeding and GF visiting behavior are essential when assessing the effect of dietary treatment on the production of CH4 and H2 in a setting where a spot sampling device such as a GF is used and where the measurements depend on voluntary visits from the cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi de Mol
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - André Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Walker
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, PO Box 2676, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sanne van Gastelen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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12
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de Ondarza MB, de Souza VC, Kebreab E, Tricarico JM. Understanding potential opportunities and risks associated with feeding supplemental rumen available fats to mitigate enteric methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00836-1. [PMID: 38825101 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Supplemental dietary rumen available fats show promise as enteric methane (eCH4) mitigators for lactating dairy cows. However, concerns include variability in eCH4 response and possible negative effects on dairy cow performance. Successful implementation of this mitigation option requires better prediction of responses specifically to rumen available FA as well as understanding the modulating effects of other dietary and animal characteristics. Using meta-analytic and meta-regression techniques, 35 published studies with diet definition were used to assess changes in eCH4 emissions and lactation performance associated with supplemental fat, specific supplemental rumen available FA types, and other dietary characteristics. Enteric CH4 (g/d) was reduced by 3.77% per percentage unit of supplemental rumen available EE (RAEE). Supplemental rumen available PUFA (C18:2 and C18:3) and UFA (C18:1, C18:2, C18:3) mitigated eCH4 (g/d) emissions in dairy cows by 6.88 and 4.65% per percentage unit increase, respectively. The anti-methanogenic effects of PUFA, MUFA and MCFA increased with correspondingly greater basal dietary levels of each FA type. Higher rumen-degradable starch (RDS; > 18% DM) in the basal diet promoted greater reductions in eCH4 yield (eCH4/DMI, g/kg) with supplemental rumen available PUFA and UFA. Both milk fat percentage and yield (kg/d) were reduced with rumen available fat supplementation with a reduction of 7.8% and 6.0%, respectively, relative to control diets. Our results highlight the importance of determining basal levels of the rumen available FA before providing supplemental rumen available FA as an option for enteric eCH4 mitigation. Dairy nutritionists can use estimates generated from this analysis to predict changes in eCH4 emissions and dairy cow performance associated with dietary supplementation of rumen available EE and specific rumen available FA types for the purpose of eCH4 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinícius Carneiro de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 2111 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 2111 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Juan M Tricarico
- Dairy Management Inc., 10255 W. Higgins Road, Suite 900, Rosemont, IL 60018, USA.
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13
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Homem BGC, Borges LPC, de Lima IBG, Guimarães BC, Spasiani PP, Ferreira IM, Meo-Filho P, Berndt A, Alves BJR, Urquiaga S, Boddey RM, Casagrande DR. Forage peanut legume as a strategy for improving beef production without increasing livestock greenhouse gas emissions. Animal 2024; 18:101158. [PMID: 38703756 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The transformation of pastures from a degraded state to sustainable productivity is a major challenge in tropical livestock production. Stoloniferous forage legumes such as Arachis pintoi (forage peanut) are one of the most promising alternatives for intensifying pasture-based beef livestock operations with reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This 2-year study assessed beef cattle performance, nutrient intake and digestibility, and balance of GHG emissions in three pasture types (PT): (1) mixed Palisade grass - Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster (syn. Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu) and forage peanut (A. pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg. cv. BRS Mandobi) pastures (Mixed), (2) monoculture Palisade grass pastures with 150 kg of N/ha per year (Fertilised), and (3) monoculture Palisade grass without N fertiliser (Control). Continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate was used in a randomised complete block design, with four replicates per treatment. The average daily gain and carcass gain were not influenced by the PT (P = 0.439 and P = 0.100, respectively) and were, on average, 0.433 kg/animal per day and 83.4 kg/animal, respectively. Fertilised and Mixed pastures increased by 102 and 31.5%, respectively, the liveweight gain per area (kg/ha/yr) compared to the Control pasture (P < 0.001). The heifers in the Mixed pasture had lower CH4 emissions (g/animal per day; P = 0.009), achieving a reduction of 12.6 and 10.1% when compared to the Fertilised and Control pastures, respectively. Annual (N2O) emissions (g/animal) and per kg carcass weight gain were 59.8 and 63.1% lower, respectively, in the Mixed pasture compared to the Fertilised pasture (P < 0.001). Mixed pasture mitigated approximately 23% of kg CO2eq/kg of carcass when substituting 150 kg of N/ha per year via fertiliser. Mixed pastures with forage peanut are a promising solution to recover degraded tropical pastures by providing increased animal production with lower GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G C Homem
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil; Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR-465, km 7, Seropédica 23897-970 RJ, Brazil
| | - L P C Borges
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - I B G de Lima
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - B C Guimarães
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - P P Spasiani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - I M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - P Meo-Filho
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, Sao Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - A Berndt
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, Sao Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - B J R Alves
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR-465, km 7, Seropédica 23897-970 RJ, Brazil
| | - S Urquiaga
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR-465, km 7, Seropédica 23897-970 RJ, Brazil
| | - R M Boddey
- Department of Soil Science, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil
| | - D R Casagrande
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil.
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14
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Ungerfeld EM, Pitta D. Review: Biological consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis. Animal 2024:101170. [PMID: 38772773 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Decreasing enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants is important for containing global warming to 1.5 °C and avoid the worst consequences of climate change. However, the objective of mitigating enteric CH4 emissions is difficult to reconcile with the forecasted increase in production of ruminant meat and milk, unless CH4 production per animal and per kilogram of animal product are decreased substantially. Chemical compound 3-nitrooxypropanol and bromoform-containing red algae Asparagopsis are currently the most potent inhibitors of rumen methanogenesis, but their average efficacy would have to be increased to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions to contain global warming to 1.5 °C, if the demand for ruminant products increases as predicted. We propose that it may be possible to enhance the efficacy of inhibitors of methanogenesis through understanding the mechanisms that cause variation in their efficacy across studies. We also propose that a more thorough understanding of the effects of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen and postabsorptive metabolism may help improve feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness as co-benefits of the methanogenesis inhibition intervention. For enhancing efficacy, we examine herein how different inhibitors of methanogenesis affect the composition of the rumen microbial community and discuss some mechanisms that may explain dissimilar sensitivities among methanogens to different types of inhibitors. For improving feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness, we discuss the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen fermentation, and how changes in rumen fermentation can in turn affect postabsorptive metabolism and animal performance. The objectives of this review are to identify knowledge gaps of the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen microbiology and rumen and postabsorptive metabolism, propose research to address those knowledge gaps and discuss the implications that this research can have for the efficacy and adoption of inhibitors of methanogenesis. Depending on its outcomes, research on the microbiological, biochemical, and metabolic consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis could help the adoption of feed additives inhibitors of methanogenesis to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants to ameliorate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Camino Cajón a Vilcún km 10, 4880000 Vilcún, La Araucanía, Chile.
| | - D Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 19348 Kenneth Square, PA, United States
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15
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Räisänen SE, Sigurðardóttir ÞH, Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Pitkänen O, Vanhatalo A, Sairanen A, Kokkonen T. Ruminal methane emission and lactational performance of cows fed rapeseed cake and oats on a grass silage-based diet. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00757-4. [PMID: 38642648 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of lipid from rapeseed cake and oats on ruminal CH4 emission and lactational performance of dairy cows. Twelve lactating Nordic Red cows, of which 4 primiparous, and averaging (±SD) 48 ± 22.9 DIM, 37.8 ± 7.14 kg/d milk yield were enrolled in a switch-back design experiment with 3 periods of 4 wk each. The cows were assigned into 6 pairs based on parity and days-in-milk, milk yield, and body weight at the beginning of the experiment. The experimental treatments were 1) rapeseed cake and oats (RSC+O), and 2) rapeseed meal and barley (RSM+B) as the concentrate feeds. Cows in each pair were randomly assigned to one of the 2 groups, which received the treatments in 2 different sequences, i.e., group 1 received RSC+O in period 1 and 3, and RSM+B in period 2, whereas group 2 was fed RSM+B in period 1 and 3, and RSC+O in period 2. The diets consisted of a partially mixed ration with grass silage mixed with either oats or barley, according to the treatment sequence, and the rapeseed cake or meal being mixed into a pellet with either oats or barley according to the treatments, and a mineral mix. The pellet was delivered at a fixed amount (i.e., 6 kg/d for multiparous and 5 kg/d for the primiparous cows) from the milking robot. The actual forage to concentrate ratios for RSC+O and RSM+B were 51:49 and 52:48, respectively, with NDF concentrations of 41.5 and 36.0% and CP concentrations of 17.0 and 16.7% of diet DM. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and gas exchange (with a GreenFeed system attached to the milking robot) were recorded daily, and milk composition and spot fecal samples were collected during the last wk of each period. Based on feed analysis, and dry matter intake of the cows during the experiment, the total fat content of the experimental diets was 4.1 and 2.7% of DM for RSC+O and RSM+B diets, respectively. Dry matter intake was 1.5 kg/d lower, and milk yield tended to be 1.0 kg/d greater for RSC+O vs. RSM+B. There were no differences in energy-corrected milk yield and milk composition between the treatments, while milk metabolizable energy efficiency was greater for cows fed RSC+O than RSM+B. Methane yield (g/kg dry matter intake) did not differ between treatments, but CH4 production (g/d) was 9.4% and CH4 intensity as g/kg energy-corrected milk was 11.7% lower for RSC+O vs. RSM+B. The lower CH4 production was likely caused by the lower DMI and fiber digestibility, observed with the RSC+O diet. In addition, the greater lipid intake also contributed to lower rate of fermentation and subsequent decrease in CH4 production. Overall, feeding rapeseed cake with oats in a grass silage-based diet increased feed efficiency while decreasing CH4 emission intensity in lactating cows. This provides a practical way of mitigating ruminal CH4 emission from dairy operations while maintaining milk production with commonly utilized feed stuffs in Nordic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Räisänen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Þ H Sigurðardóttir
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - O Pitkänen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Vanhatalo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Sairanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Halolantie 31 A, 71750 Maaninka, Finland
| | - T Kokkonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Pepeta BN, Hassen A, Tesfamariam EH. Quantifying the Impact of Different Dietary Rumen Modulating Strategies on Enteric Methane Emission and Productivity in Ruminant Livestock: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:763. [PMID: 38473148 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted with an aim to quantify the beneficial effects of nine different dietary rumen modulating strategies which includes: the use of plant-based bioactive compounds (saponin, tannins, oils, and ether extract), feed additives (nitrate, biochar, seaweed, and 3-nitroxy propanol), and diet manipulation (concentrate feeding) on rumen fermentation, enteric methane (CH4) production (g/day), CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 emission intensity (g/kg meat or milk), and production performance parameters (the average daily gain, milk yield and milk quality) of ruminant livestock. The dataset was constructed by compiling global data from 110 refereed publications on in vivo studies conducted in ruminants from 2005 to 2023 and anlayzed using a meta-analytical approach.. Of these dietary rumen manipulation strategies, saponin and biochar reduced CH4 production on average by 21%. Equally, CH4 yield was reduced by 15% on average in response to nitrate, oils, and 3-nitroxy propanol (3-NOP). In dairy ruminants, nitrate, oils, and 3-NOP reduced the intensity of CH4 emission (CH4 in g/kg milk) on average by 28.7%. Tannins and 3-NOP increased on average ruminal propionate and butyrate while reducing the acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio by 12%, 13.5% and 13%, respectively. Oils increased propionate by 2% while reducing butyrate and the A:P ratio by 2.9% and 3.8%, respectively. Use of 3-NOP increased the production of milk fat (g/kg DMI) by 15% whereas oils improved the yield of milk fat and protein (kg/d) by 16% and 20%, respectively. On the other hand, concentrate feeding improved dry matter intake and milk yield (g/kg DMI) by 23.4% and 19%, respectively. However, feed efficiency was not affected by any of the dietary rumen modulating strategies. Generally, the use of nitrate, saponin, oils, biochar and 3-NOP were effective as CH4 mitigating strategies, and specifically oils and 3-NOP provided a co-benefit of improving production parameters in ruminant livestock. Equally concentrate feeding improved production parameters in ruminant livestock without any significant effect on enteric methane emission. Therefore, it is advisable to refine further these strategies through life cycle assessment or modelling approaches to accurately capture their influence on farm-scale production, profitability and net greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of the most viable, region-specific strategies should be based on factors such as the availability and cost of the strategy in the region, the specific goals to be achieved, and the cost-benefit ratio associated with implementing these strategies in ruminant livestock production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulelani N Pepeta
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Eyob H Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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17
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Martins LF, Cueva SF, Lage CFA, Ramin M, Silvestre T, Tricarico J, Hristov AN. A meta-analysis of methane-mitigation potential of feed additives evaluated in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:288-300. [PMID: 38353472 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0302(23)00819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A systematic literature review of in vitro studies was performed to identify methane (CH4) mitigation interventions with a potential to reduce CH4 emission in vivo. Data from 277 peer-reviewed studies published between 1979 and 2018 were reviewed. Individual CH4 mitigation interventions were classified into 14 categories of feed additives based on their type, chemical composition, and mode of action. Response variables evaluated were absolute CH4 emission (number of treatment means comparisons = 1,325); total volatile fatty acids (n = 1,007), acetate (n = 783), propionate (n = 792), and butyrate (n = 776) concentrations; acetate to propionate ratio (n = 675); digestibility of dry matter (n = 489), organic matter (n = 277), and neutral detergent fiber (n = 177). Total gas production was used as an explanatory variable in the model for CH4 production. Relative mean difference between treatment and control means reported in the studies was calculated and used for statistical analysis. The robust variance estimation method was used to analyze the effects of CH4 mitigation interventions. In vitro CH4 production was decreased by antibodies (-38.9%), chemical inhibitors (-29.2%), electron sinks (-18.9%), essential oils (-18.2%), plant extracts (-14.5%), plant inclusion (-11.7%), saponins (-14.8%), and tannins (-14.5%). Overall effects of direct-fed microbials, enzymes, macroalgae, and organic acids supplementation did not affect CH4 production in the current meta-analysis. When considering the effects of individual mitigation interventions containing a minimum number of 4 degrees of freedom within feed additives categories, Enterococcus spp. (i.e., direct-fed microbial), nitrophenol (i.e., electron sink), and Leucaena spp. (i.e., tannins) decreased CH4 production by 20.3%, 27.1%, and 23.5%, respectively, without extensively, or only slightly, affecting ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients. It should be noted, however, that although the total number of publications (n = 277) and treatment means comparisons (n = 1,325 for CH4 production) in the current analysis were high, data for most mitigation interventions were obtained from less than 5 observations (e.g., maximum number of observations was 4, 7, and 22 for nitrophenol, Enterococcus spp., and Leucaena spp., respectively), because of limited data available in the literature. These should be further evaluated in vitro and in vivo to determine their true potential to decrease enteric CH4 production, yield, and intensity. Some mitigation interventions (e.g., magnesium, Heracleum spp., nitroglycerin, β-cyclodextrin, Leptospermum pattersoni, Fructulus Ligustri, Salix caprea, and Sesbania grandiflora) decreased in vitro CH4 production by over 50% but did not have enough observations in the database. These should be more extensively investigated in vitro, and the dose effect must be considered before adoption of mitigation interventions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - C F A Lage
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Cornell Cooperative Extension, Bath, NY 14810
| | - M Ramin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden SE-901 83
| | - T Silvestre
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Kemin Industries, Singapore, 758200
| | - J Tricarico
- Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy, Rosemont, IL 60018
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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18
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Martins LF, Cueva SF, Silvestre T, Stepanchenko N, Wasson DE, Wall E, Hristov AN. Lactational performance, enteric methane emission, and nutrient utilization of dairy cows supplemented with botanicals. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:242-257. [PMID: 38220436 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate lactational performance, enteric gas emissions, ruminal fermentation, nutrient use efficiency, milk fatty acid profile, and energy and inflammatory markers in blood of peak-lactation dairy cows fed diets supplemented with Capsicum oleoresin or a combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove oil. A 10-wk randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with 18 primiparous and 30 multiparous Holstein cows. Cows were blocked based on parity, days in milk, and milk yield (MY), and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (16 cows/treatment): (1) basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/cow per day of Capsicum oleoresin (CAP); and (3) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/cow per day of a combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove oil (CAPCO). Premixes containing ground corn (CON), CAP, or CAPCO were mixed daily with the basal diet at 0.8% of dry matter intake (DMI). Supplementation of the diet with CAP or CAPCO did not affect DMI, MY, milk components, and feed efficiency of the cows. Body weight (BW) was increased during the last 2 wk of the experiment by CAP and CAPCO, compared with CON. The botanicals improved BW gain (0.85 and 0.66 kg/d for CAP and CAPCO, respectively, compared with -0.01 kg/d for CON) and CAP enhanced the efficiency of energy utilization, compared with CON (94.5% vs. 78.4%, respectively). Daily CH4 emission was not affected by treatments, but CH4 emission yield (per kg of DMI) and intensity (per kg of MY) were decreased by up to 11% by CAPCO supplementation, compared with CON and CAP. A treatment × parity interaction indicated that the CH4 mitigation effect was pronounced in primiparous but not in multiparous cows. Ruminal molar proportion of propionate was decreased by botanicals, compared with CON. Concentrations of trans-10 C18:1 and total trans fatty acids in milk fat were decreased by CAP and tended to be decreased by CAPCO, compared with CON. Total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by treatments, except for a tendency for decreased starch digestibility in cows supplemented with botanicals. Blood concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, total fatty acids, and insulin were not affected by botanicals. Blood haptoglobin concentration was increased by CAP in multiparous but not in primiparous cows. Lactational performance of peak-lactation dairy cows was not affected by the botanicals in this study, but they appeared to improve efficiency of energy utilization and partitioned energy toward BW gain. In addition, CH4 yield and intensity were decreased in primiparous cows fed CAPCO, suggesting a potential positive environmental effect of the combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove oil supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - T Silvestre
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - E Wall
- AVT Natural North America, Santa Clara, CA 95054
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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19
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Silvestre T, Martins LF, Cueva SF, Wasson DE, Stepanchenko N, Räisänen SE, Sommai S, Hile ML, Hristov AN. Lactational performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient use efficiency, enteric methane emissions, and manure greenhouse gas-emitting potential in dairy cows fed a blend of essential oils. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7661-7674. [PMID: 37641269 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of an essential oil (EO) blend on lactational performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, blood variables, enteric methane emissions and manure greenhouse gas-emitting potential in dairy cows. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with 26 primiparous and 22 multiparous Holstein cows. A 2-wk covariate and a 2-wk adaptation periods preceded a 10-wk experimental period used for data and sample collection. Treatments were: (1) basal diet supplemented with placebo (CON); and (2) basal diet supplemented with a blend of EO containing eugenol and geranyl acetate as main compounds. Supplementation with EO did not affect dry matter intake, milk and energy-corrected milk yields, and feed efficiency of cows, compared with CON. Milk fat and lactose concentrations were increased, and milk total solids (TS) concentration and milk fat yield tended to be increased by EO. Multiparous cows supplemented with EO tended to have slightly decreased dry matter and crude protein digestibility compared with CON multiparous cows. There was a tendency for increased ruminal pH by EO, whereas other rumen fermentation variables did not differ between treatments. Daily methane emission was not affected by EO supplementation, but methane emission intensity per kg of milk fat was decreased by 8.5% by EO. Methane emission intensity per kg of milk lactose and milk TS were decreased and methane emission intensity per kg of milk yield tended to be decreased by up to 10% in EO multiparous cows, but not in primiparous cows. The greenhouse gas-emitting potential of manure was not affected by EO supplementation. Compared with CON, fecal nitrogen excretion was increased by EO supplementation in multiparous, but not in primiparous cows, and milk nitrogen secretion (as a % of nitrogen intake) tended to be increased in EO supplemented cows. Blood variables were not affected by EO supplementation in the current study. Overall, dietary supplementation of EO did not affect lactational performance of the cows, although milk fat and lactose concentrations were increased. Most enteric methane emission metrics were not affected, but EO decreased methane intensity per kg of milk fat by 8.5%, compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Silvestre
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - L F Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S Sommai
- Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Thailand 40002
| | - M L Hile
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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20
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Hristov AN. Perspective: Could dairy cow nutrition meaningfully reduce the carbon footprint of milk production? J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7336-7340. [PMID: 37641304 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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21
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Martins LF, Cueva SF, Lage CFA, Ramin M, Silvestre T, Tricarico J, Hristov AN. A meta-analysis of methane mitigation potential of feed additives evaluated in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00649-5. [PMID: 37709018 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
A systematic literature review of in vitro studies was performed to identify methane (CH4) mitigation interventions with a potential to reduce CH4 emission in vivo. Data from 277 peer-reviewed studies published between 1979 and 2018 were reviewed. Individual CH4 mitigation interventions were classified into 14 categories of feed additives based on their type, chemical composition, and mode of action. Response variables evaluated were absolute CH4 emission (number of treatment means comparisons = 1,325); total volatile fatty acids (VFA; n = 1,007), acetate (n = 783), propionate (n = 792), and butyrate (n = 776) concentrations; acetate to propionate ratio (A:P; n = 675); digestibility of dry matter (DM; n = 489), organic matter (OM; n = 277), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF; n = 177). Total gas production was used as an explanatory variable in the model for CH4 production. Relative mean difference between treatment and control means reported in the studies were calculated and used for statistical analysis. Robust variance estimation method was used to analyze the effects of CH4 mitigation interventions. In vitro CH4 production was decreased by antibodies (-38.9%), chemical inhibitors (-29.2%), electron sinks (-18.9%), essential oils (-18.2%), plant extracts (-14.5%), plants inclusion (-11.7%), saponins (-14.8%), and tannins (-14.5%). Overall effects of direct fed microbials, enzymes, macroalgae, and organic acids supplementation did not affect CH4 production in the current meta-analysis. When considering the effects of individual mitigation interventions containing a minimum number of 4 degrees of freedom within feed additives categories, Enterococcus spp. (i.e., direct fed microbial), nitrophenol (i.e., electron sink), and Leucaena spp. (i.e., tannins) decreased CH4 production by 20.3, 27.1, and 23.5%, respectively, without extensively, or only slightly, affecting ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients. It should be noted, however, that although the total number of publications (n = 277) and treatment means comparisons (n = 1,325 for CH4 production) in the current analysis were high, data for most mitigation interventions were obtained from less than 5 observations (e.g., maximum number of observations was 4, 7, and 22 for nitrophenol, Enterococcus spp., and Leucaena spp., respectively), because of limited data available in the literature. These should be further evaluated in vitro and in vivo to determine their true potential to decrease enteric CH4 production, yield, and intensity. Some mitigation interventions (e.g., magnesium, Heracleum spp., nitroglycerin, β-cyclodextrin, Leptospermum pattersoni, Fructulus Ligustri, Salix caprea, and Sesbania grandiflora) decreased in vitro CH4 production by over 50% but did not have enough observations in the database. These should be more extensively investigated in vitro, and the dose effect must be considered before adoption of mitigation interventions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - C F A Lage
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Cornell Cooperative Extension, Bath, NY, USA 14810
| | - M Ramin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden SE-901 83
| | - T Silvestre
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Kemin Industries, Singapore, 758200
| | - J Tricarico
- Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy, Rosemont, IL, USA 60018
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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22
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Stepanchenko N, Stefenoni H, Hennessy M, Nagaraju I, Wasson DE, Cueva SF, Räisänen SE, Dechow CD, Pitta DW, Hristov AN. Microbial composition, rumen fermentation parameters, enteric methane emissions, and lactational performance of phenotypically high and low methane-emitting dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6146-6170. [PMID: 37479584 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the relation of high and low methane-yield phenotypes with body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), lactation performance, enteric CH4 emissions, and rumen fermentation parameters in lactating dairy cows. A total of 130 multi- and primiparous Holstein cows were screened for enteric CH4 emissions using the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Inc.). Out of these 130 cows, 5 were identified as phenotypically high (HM) and 5 as phenotypically low (LM) CH4 emitters. Cows in the LM group had lower daily enteric CH4 emissions than cows in the HM group (on average 346 vs. 439 g/d, respectively), lower CH4 yield (15.5 vs. 20.4 g of CH4/kg of DMI), and CH4 intensity (13.2 vs. 17.0 g of CH4/ kg of energy-corrected milk yield). Enteric emissions of CO2 and H2 did not differ between HM and LM cows. These 10 cows were blocked by parity, days in milk, and milk production, and were used in a 5-wk randomized complete block design experiment. Milk composition, production, and BW were also not different between LM and HM cows. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids in ruminal contents did not differ between CH4 phenotypes, but LM cows had a lower molar proportion of acetate (57 vs. 62.1%), a higher proportion of propionate (27.5 vs. 21.6%, respectively), and therefore a lower acetate-to-propionate ratio than HM cows. Consistently, the 16S cDNA analysis revealed the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and unclassified Veillonellaceae to be higher in LM cows compared with HM cows, bacteria that were positively correlated with ruminal propionate concentration. Notably, Succinivibrionaceae trigger the formation of propionate via oxaloacetate pathway from phosphoenolpyruvate via Enzyme Commission: 4.1.1.49, which showed a trend to be higher in LM cows compared with HM cows. Additionally, LM cows possessed fewer transcripts of a gene encoding for methyl-CoM reductase enzyme compared with HM. In this study, low and high CH4-yield cows have similar production performance and milk composition, but total-tract apparent digestibility of organic matter and fiber fractions was lower in the former group of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - H Stefenoni
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M Hennessy
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 193482
| | - I Nagaraju
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 193482
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - C D Dechow
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - D W Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 193482.
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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23
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Soder KJ, Brito AF. Enteric methane emissions in grazing dairy systems. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:324-328. [PMID: 37521055 PMCID: PMC10382831 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of agricultural CH4 comes from livestock systems, with 90% of that derived from enteric CH4 production by ruminants. Grazing systems are used worldwide to feed dairy cattle. Although quantifying enteric CH4 emissions in grazing systems has unique challenges, emerging technologies have made gaseous data collection more feasible and less laborious. Nevertheless, robust data sets on enteric CH4 emissions under various grazing conditions, as well as effective and economic strategies to mitigate CH4 emissions in grazing dairy cows, are still in high demand because data collection, feeding management, and milk market regulations (e.g., organic certification, grassfed) impose more challenges to grazing than confinement dairy systems. This review will cover management strategies to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions and applicability to pastoral dairy systems. The effects of enteric CH4 in the broader context of whole-system assessments will be discussed, which are key to assess the overall environmental impact of grazing dairies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy J. Soder
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Andre F. Brito
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
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24
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Liu Y, Xiao Y, Ma T, Diao Q, Tu Y. Candida tropicalis as a novel dietary additive to reduce methane emissions and nitrogen excretion in sheep. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28245-x. [PMID: 37329373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate Candida tropicalis as a kind of environmentally friendly dietary additive to manipulate ruminal fermentation patterns, reduce methane emissions and nitrogen excretion, and to screen the appropriate dose for sheep. Twenty-four Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes (51.12 kg ± 2.23 kg BW) were selected and randomly divided into four groups which were fed Candida tropicalis at dose of 0 (control), 4 × 108 (low dose), 4 × 109 (medium dose), and 4 × 1010 (high dose) colony-forming units (CFU)/d per head, respectively. The experiment lasted 33 days with 21 days for adaptation and 12 days for nutrient digestibility trial and respiratory gases sampling. The results showed that nutrients intake was not affected by Candida tropicalis supplementation (P > 0.05), whereas apparent digestibility of nutrients significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Nitrogen and energy utilization increased with Candida tropicalis supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared with the ewes of the control group, rumen fluid pH and NH3-N concentration were not affected (P > 0.05), whereas total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar proportion of propionate were greater (P < 0.05), and molar proportion of acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate were less (P < 0.05) when the ewes were fed Candida tropicalis. Daily total CH4 production (L/d) and CH4 emissions yield (L/d of CH4 per kg of dry matter intake, metabolic weight, or digestibility dry matter intake) were decreased at the low dose group (P < 0.05). The abundance of total bacteria, methanogen, and protozoa in rumen fluid was significantly higher at medium dose and high dose of Candida tropicalis supplementation (P < 0.05) compared with low dose and the control group. In summary, Candida tropicalis supplementation has a potential to reduce CH4 emissions and nitrogen excretion, and the optimal dose should be 4 × 108 CFU/d per head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Lesta A, Marín-García PJ, Llobat L. How Does Nutrition Affect the Epigenetic Changes in Dairy Cows? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1883. [PMID: 37889793 PMCID: PMC10251833 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows require a balanced diet that provides enough nutrients to support milk production, growth, and reproduction. Inadequate nutrition can lead to metabolic disorders, impaired fertility, and reduced milk yield. Recent studies have shown that nutrition can affect epigenetic modifications in dairy cows, which can impact gene expression and affect the cows' health and productivity. One of the most important epigenetic modifications in dairy cows is DNA methylation, which involves the addition of a methyl group to the DNA molecule. Studies have shown that the methylation status of certain genes in dairy cows can be influenced by dietary factors such as the level of methionine, lysine, choline, and folate in the diet. Other important epigenetic modifications in dairy cows are histone modification and microRNAs as regulators of gene expression. Overall, these findings suggest that nutrition can have a significant impact on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in dairy cows. By optimizing the diet of dairy cows, it may be possible to improve their health and productivity by promoting beneficial epigenetic modifications. This paper reviews the main nutrients that can cause epigenetic changes in dairy cattle by analyzing the effect of diet on milk production and its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lesta
- MMOPS Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera—CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera—CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Lola Llobat
- MMOPS Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera—CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
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26
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Donadia AB, Torres RNS, da Silva HM, Soares SR, Hoshide AK, de Oliveira AS. Factors Affecting Enteric Emission Methane and Predictive Models for Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1857. [PMID: 37889787 PMCID: PMC10252078 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric methane emission is the main source of greenhouse gas contribution from dairy cattle. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate drivers and develop more accurate predictive models for such emissions. In this study, we built a large and intercontinental experimental dataset to: (1) explain the effect of enteric methane emission yield (g methane/kg diet intake) and feed conversion (kg diet intake/kg milk yield) on enteric methane emission intensity (g methane/kg milk yield); (2) develop six models for predicting enteric methane emissions (g/cow/day) using animal, diet, and dry matter intake as inputs; and to (3) compare these 6 models with 43 models from the literature. Feed conversion contributed more to enteric methane emission (EME) intensity than EME yield. Increasing the milk yield reduced EME intensity, due more to feed conversion enhancement rather than EME yield. Our models predicted methane emissions better than most external models, with the exception of only two other models which had similar adequacy. Improved productivity of dairy cows reduces emission intensity by enhancing feed conversion. Improvement in feed conversion should be prioritized for reducing methane emissions in dairy cattle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Beltrani Donadia
- Dairy Cattle Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop, Sinop 78555-267, MG, Brazil; (A.B.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Nazaré Santos Torres
- Dairy Cattle Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop, Sinop 78555-267, MG, Brazil; (A.B.D.)
| | - Henrique Melo da Silva
- Dairy Cattle Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop, Sinop 78555-267, MG, Brazil; (A.B.D.)
| | - Suziane Rodrigues Soares
- Dairy Cattle Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop, Sinop 78555-267, MG, Brazil; (A.B.D.)
| | - Aaron Kinyu Hoshide
- College of Natural Sciences, Forestry, and Agriculture, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5782, USA;
- AgriSciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop, Sinop 78555-267, MG, Brazil
| | - André Soares de Oliveira
- Dairy Cattle Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop, Sinop 78555-267, MG, Brazil; (A.B.D.)
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27
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Bach A, Elcoso G, Escartín M, Spengler K, Jouve A. Modulation of milking performance, methane emissions, and rumen microbiome on dairy cows by dietary supplementation of a blend of essential oils. Animal 2023; 17:100825. [PMID: 37196578 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle represent a high contribution of the livestock's greenhouse gas emissions, mainly in the form of methane. Essential oils are a group of plant secondary metabolites obtained from volatile fractions of plants that have been shown to exert changes in the rumen fermentation and may alter feed efficiency and to reduce methane production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect on rumen microbial population, CH4 emissions and milking performance of a mixture of essential oils (Agolin Ruminant, Switzerland) incorporated daily in the ration of dairy cattle. Forty Holstein cows (644 ± 63.5 kg of BW producing 41.2 ± 6.44 kg/d of milk with 190 ± 28.3 DIM) were divided into two treatments (n = 20) for 13 wk and housed in a single pen equipped with electronic feeding gates to control access to feed and monitor individual DM intake (DMI) on a daily basis. Treatments consisted of no supplementation (Control) or supplementation of 1 g/d of a blend of essential oils (BEOs) fed in the TMR. Individual milk production was recorded using electronic milk meters on a daily basis. Methane emissions were recorded using sniffers at the exit of the milking parlour. At day 64 of the study, a sample of rumen fluid was collected from 12 cows per treatment after the morning feeding using a stomach tube. There were no differences in DMI, milk yield, or milk composition between the two treatments. However, cows on BEO exhaled less CH4 (444 ± 12.5 l/d) than cows on Control (479 ± 12.5 l/d), and exhaled less (P < 0.05) CH4/kg of DM consumed (17.6 vs 20.1 ± 0.53 l/kg, respectively) from the first week of study, with no interaction with time, which suggests a fast action of BEO of CH4 emissions. Rumen relative abundance of Entodonium increased, and those of Fusobacteria, Chytridiomycota, Epidinium, and Mogibacterium decreased in BEO compared with Control cows. Supplementing 1 g/d of BEO reduces CH4 emissions on absolute terms (l/d) and diminishes the amount of CH4 produced by unit of DM consumed by cows relatively soon after the first supplementation, and the effect is sustained over time without impacting intake or milking performance.
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28
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Micro- and Macro-Algae Combination as a Novel Alternative Ruminant Feed with Methane-Mitigation Potential. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050796. [PMID: 36899652 PMCID: PMC10000192 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to provide alternative high-quality feed and to reduce methane production using a mixture of the minimum effective levels of Euglena gracilis, EG, and Asparagopsis taxiformis, AT. This study was performed as a 24 h in vitro batch culture. Chemical analysis demonstrated that EG is a highly nutritive material with 26.1% protein and 17.7% fat. The results showed that the supplementation of AT as a feed additive at 1 and 2.5% of the diet reduced methane production by 21 and 80%, respectively, while the inclusion of EG in the diet at 10 and 25% through partially replacing the concentrate mixture reduced methane production by 4 and 11%, respectively, with no adverse effects on fermentation parameters. The mixtures of AT 1% with both EG 10% and EG 25% had a greater reductive potential than the individual supplementation of these algae in decreasing methane yield by 29.9% and 40.0%, respectively, without adverse impacts on ruminal fermentation characteristics. These results revealed that the new feed formulation had a synergistic effect in reducing methane emissions. Thus, this approach could provide a new strategy for a sustainable animal production industry.
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Use of Solar Panels for Shade for Holstein Heifers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030329. [PMID: 36766218 PMCID: PMC9913512 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal Agrivoltaics combines electric energy generation, animal thermal comfort, and sustainable production at the same time. This model of production can foster the sustainable intensification of dairy production in tropical areas where solar irradiance is high and nearly constant throughout the year. In this study, we propose Animal Agrivoltaics as an alternative practice to reduce the heat load and eCH4 emissions from dairy heifers in tropical areas. To attest this hypothesis, (1) the meteorological data and the behavioral and physiological responses of the animals were integrated in order to determine the benefits provided by the shade from the solar panels on the thermoregulation of the dairy heifers, and (2) measurements of the enteric methane emissions were taken to determine the potential of the solar panels to offset the GHG. Seven crossbred Holstein heifers (7/8, Holstein × Gyr) with a mean body weight of 242 kg (SD = 53.5) were evaluated in a paddock shaded with ten modules of solar panels. Miniature temperature loggers were used to record the body surface, skin and vaginal temperatures of the heifers every five minutes. The respiratory rate and the shade-use behavior were also monitored by two observers. These measurements were taken from 08:00 to 17:00 h for 18 consecutive days. After completing the field study, the heifers underwent for assessments of the daily oscillations of eCH4 emission using a flow-through respirometry system. The use of shade by the heifers was progressively increased (p < 0.01) with an increasing level of solar irradiance. Lying and ruminating were more likely (p < 0.01) to occur when the heifers were in the shade, especially when the solar irradiance exceeded 500 W m-2. Between 10:00 and 14:00 h, the heifers benefited from the shade produced by the solar panels, with a reduction of 40% in the radiant heat load. With an increasing intensity of solar irradiance, body surface temperature, skin temperature and respiratory rate of the heifers in the shade were lower (p < 0.01) compared to when they were exposed to the sun. The heifers had a daily methane emission total of 63.5 g per animal-1 or 1.7 kg of CO2-eq. Based on this emission rate and the amount of CO2-eq that was not emitted to the atmosphere due to the electricity generated by solar panels, 4.1 m2 of panels per animal (nominal power = 335 W) would be expected to obtain a net-zero eCH4 emission. Over a period of one year (from September 2018 to August 2019), a set of ten photovoltaic panels used in the study produced 4869.4 kWh of electricity, thereby saving US $970.00 or US $48.00 per m2 of solar panel. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that use of Animal Agrivoltaics, in addition to producing electricity, has significant potential benefit in providing better thermal comfort to cattle, as well as offsetting the enteric methane emissions released into the environment. In addition, the system would provide extra income to farmers, as well as a potential source of energy micro-generation.
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Twice daily feeding of canola oil steeped with Asparagopsis armata reduced methane emissions of lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Caprarulo V, Ventura V, Amatucci A, Ferronato G, Gilioli G. Innovations for Reducing Methane Emissions in Livestock toward a Sustainable System: Analysis of Feed Additive Patents in Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202760. [PMID: 36290145 PMCID: PMC9597792 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mitigation of the environmental impact of animal production is a global objective, and innovation can provide new strategies and technologies to support the transition toward a more sustainable livestock system. Using patent data analysis to identify innovation dynamics, we explored the sector of feed additives to reduce methane emissions in ruminants. We found that this innovation sector is recent and rapidly expanding, with the European Union representing the center of innovation. The most promising inventions are related to the use of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) and plant-based extracts. Abstract An important challenge for livestock systems is the mitigation of environmental impacts while ensuring food security, and feed additives are considered as one of the most promising mitigation strategies. This study analyzed the innovation landscape of feed additives to reduce methane emissions in ruminants. The analysis is based on patent data to evaluate the development, scientific importance, and market-level impact of the innovations in this field. The results reveal that the EU is on the innovation frontier, with substantial and quality patent production. The innovation field is dominated by private players, characterized by high specificity in the R&D pipeline. Additives derived from plant or botanical extracts, together with 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), represent the emerging innovations, indicating a clear orientation toward more sustainable livestock systems. Despite the regulatory and semantic limitations related to the use of patent databases, data reveal a growing innovation activity at global level, which could lead to macroeconomic benefits for the entire livestock sector.
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Beauchemin KA, Ungerfeld EM, Abdalla AL, Alvarez C, Arndt C, Becquet P, Benchaar C, Berndt A, Mauricio RM, McAllister TA, Oyhantçabal W, Salami SA, Shalloo L, Sun Y, Tricarico J, Uwizeye A, De Camillis C, Bernoux M, Robinson T, Kebreab E. Invited review: Current enteric methane mitigation options. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9297-9326. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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