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Smutok O, Katz E. Biosensors: Electrochemical Devices-General Concepts and Performance. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:44. [PMID: 36671878 PMCID: PMC9855974 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a general overview of different biosensors, mostly concentrating on electrochemical analytical devices, while briefly explaining general approaches to various kinds of biosensors, their construction and performance. A discussion on how all required components of biosensors are brought together to perform analytical work is offered. Different signal-transducing mechanisms are discussed, particularly addressing the immobilization of biomolecular components in the vicinity of a transducer interface and their functional integration with electronic devices. The review is mostly addressing general concepts of the biosensing processes rather than specific modern achievements in the area.
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2
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Oh HE, Eathorne S, Jones MA. Use of biosensor technology in analysing milk and dairy components: A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Giannakopoulou A, Patila M, Chalmpes N, Polydera AC, Gournis D, Stamatis H. A Four-enzyme Nanoassembly Consisting of Hydrolases and Oxidoreductases for Multi-step Cascade Reactions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2487:263-278. [PMID: 35687241 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2269-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cascade reactions catalyzed by multi-enzymatic systems have attracted enormous scientific interest over the last decade. They are an emerging technology that significantly expands the applicability of biocatalysts in several biotechnological processes, such as the synthesis of high value-added products. Immobilization of enzymes on a solid carrier is a commonly used strategy to improve the stability and reuse of multiple enzyme systems. Magnetic nanoparticles have been applied as promising nanocarriers for either the immobilization of one enzyme or the co-immobilization of multiple enzymes. In this chapter, we describe the preparation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles γ-Fe2O3 modified with 3-(aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES), for the simultaneous covalent co-immobilization of oxidoreductases and hydrolytic enzymes, such as cellulase, β-glucosidase (bgl), glucose oxidase (GOx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Several spectroscopic techniques that are used to characterize the structure and the catalytic performance of such systems are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontoula Giannakopoulou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Michaela Patila
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki C Polydera
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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4
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Chen H, Simoska O, Lim K, Grattieri M, Yuan M, Dong F, Lee YS, Beaver K, Weliwatte S, Gaffney EM, Minteer SD. Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions of Bioelectrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12903-12993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mengwei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Samali Weliwatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Erin M. Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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5
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Kucherenko IS, Soldatkin OO, Dzyadevych SV, Soldatkin AP. Electrochemical biosensors based on multienzyme systems: Main groups, advantages and limitations - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1111:114-131. [PMID: 32312388 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the review, the principles and main purposes of using multienzyme systems in electrochemical biosensors are analyzed. Coupling several enzymes allows an extension of the spectrum of detectable substances, an increase in the biosensor sensitivity (in some cases, by several orders of magnitude), and an improvement of the biosensor selectivity, as showed on the examples of amperometric, potentiometric, and conductometric biosensors. The biosensors based on cascade, cyclic and competitive enzyme systems are described alongside principles of function, advantages, disadvantages and practical use for real sample analyses in various application areas (food production and quality control, clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring). The complications and restrictions regarding the development of multienzyme biosensors are evaluated. The recommendations on the reasonability of elaboration of novel multienzyme biosensors are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Kucherenko
- Department of Biomolecular Electronics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo Street 150, 03148, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - O O Soldatkin
- Department of Biomolecular Electronics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo Street 150, 03148, Kyiv, Ukraine; Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, 01003, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S V Dzyadevych
- Department of Biomolecular Electronics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo Street 150, 03148, Kyiv, Ukraine; Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, 01003, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A P Soldatkin
- Department of Biomolecular Electronics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo Street 150, 03148, Kyiv, Ukraine; Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, 01003, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Churakova E, Peri K, Vis JS, Smith DW, Beam JM, Vijverberg MP, Stor MC, Winter RT. Accurate analysis of residual lactose in low-lactose milk: Comparing a variety of analytical techniques. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Han Z, Gao J, Li J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang S. Mitigation of 3-deoxyglucosone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in brown fermented milk via an alternative browning process based on the hydrolysis of endogenous lactose. Food Funct 2019; 10:2022-2029. [PMID: 30906941 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the conventional production of brown fermented milk (BFM), unhealthy substances (3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), methylglyoxal (MGO), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) are generated during the Maillard browning step. Here, an alternative browning process based on the hydrolysis of endogenous lactose was established. Compared with the conventional process, 3-DG and HMF were decreased by 5.91 mg kg-1 and 0.39 mg kg-1 in the brown milk base under the alternative browning process, and thereafter, 3-DG and HMF were decreased by 54.5% and 65.0% in BFM. Investigation into the formation of 3-DG, MGO, and HMF in different chemical models showed that different sugars lead to different Maillard reaction products and browning rates, contributing to the mitigation of 3-DG and HMF. Apart from the mitigation of unhealthy Maillard compounds, hydrolyzing lactose and avoiding the addition of external glucose make the alternative browning process a theoretical and practical basis for improving the quality and safety of BFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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8
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Pokrzywnicka M, Koncki R. Disaccharides Determination: A Review of Analytical Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 48:186-213. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1391683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Koncki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Biosensors based on β-galactosidase enzyme: Recent advances and perspectives. Anal Biochem 2017; 535:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Gursoy O, Sen Gursoy S, Cogal S, Celik Cogal G. Development of a new two-enzyme biosensor based on poly(pyrrole-co-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for lactose determination in milk. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Gursoy
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University; Burdur Turkey
| | - Songul Sen Gursoy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Mehmet Akif Ersoy University; Burdur Turkey
| | - Sadik Cogal
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University; Burdur Turkey
| | - Gamze Celik Cogal
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University; Isparta Turkey
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11
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A Polymer Multilayer Based Amperometric Biosensor for the Detection of Lactose in the Presence of High Concentrations of Glucose. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Jasti LS, Dola SR, Fadnavis NW, Addepally U, Daniels S, Ponrathnam S. Co-immobilized glucose oxidase and β-galactosidase on bovine serum albumin coated allyl glycidyl ether (AGE)–ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) copolymer as a biosensor for lactose determination in milk. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 64-65:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Knöös P, Schulz C, Piculell L, Ludwig R, Gorton L, Wahlgren M. Quantifying the release of lactose from polymer matrix tablets with an amperometric biosensor utilizing cellobiose dehydrogenase. Int J Pharm 2014; 468:121-32. [PMID: 24726632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The release of lactose (hydrophilic) from polymer tablets made with hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) (HMPAA) have been studied and compared to the release of ibuprofen, a hydrophobic active substance. Lactose is one of the most used excipients for tablets, but lactose release has not been widely studied. One reason could be a lack of good analytical tools. A novel biosensor with cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was used to detect the lactose release, which has a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) layer that increases the response. A sample treatment using polyethylenimine (PEI) was developed to eliminate possible denaturants. The developed methodology provided a good approach to detect and quantify the released lactose. The release was studied with or without the presence of a model amphiphilic substance, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), in the release medium. Ibuprofen showed very different release rates in the different media, which was attributed to hydrophobic interactions between the drug, the HMPAA and the SDS in the release medium. The release of hydrophilic lactose, which did not associate to any of the other components, was rapid and showed only minor differences. The new methodology provides a useful tool to further evaluate tablet formulations by a relatively simple set of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Knöös
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden.
| | - Christopher Schulz
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden.
| | - Lennart Piculell
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Marie Wahlgren
- Division of Food Technology, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden.
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14
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Condezo-Hoyos L, Mohanty IP, Noratto GD. Technical note: Optimization of lactose quantification based on coupled enzymatic reactions. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2066-70. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Gürsoy O, Çelik G, Gürsoy SŞ. Electrochemical Biosensor Based on surfactant doped polypyrrole (PPy) matrix for lactose determination. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Gürsoy
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Department of Food Engineering; Mehmet Akif Ersoy University; 15030 Burdur Turkey
| | - Gamze Çelik
- Department of Chemistry; Süleyman Demirel University, Institute of Applied and Natural Sciences; 32260 Isparta Turkey
| | - Songül Şen Gürsoy
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of Chemistry; Mehmet Akif Ersoy University; 15030 Burdur Turkey
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16
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Multi-enzymatic Systems with Designed 3D Architectures for Constructing Food Bioanalytical Sensors. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Development of conductometric biosensor array for simultaneous determination of maltose, lactose, sucrose and glucose. Talanta 2013; 115:200-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Kagan M, Kivirand K, Rinken T. Modulation of enzyme catalytic properties and biosensor calibration parameters with chlorides: Studies with glucose oxidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 53:278-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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At-line measurement of lactose in dairy-processing plants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:3791-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Feifel SC, Ludwig R, Gorton L, Lisdat F. Catalytically active silica nanoparticle-based supramolecular architectures of two proteins--cellobiose dehydrogenase and cytochrome C on electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:9189-9194. [PMID: 22663060 DOI: 10.1021/la301290z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Artificial nanobiomolecular architectures that follow natural examples in protein assembly become more and more important from basic and applied points of view. Our study describes the investigation on cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), cytochrome c (cyt c), and silica nanoparticles (SiNP's) for the construction of fully catalytically active supramolecular architectures on electrodes. We report on intraprotein, interprotein, and direct electron-transfer reaction cascades of cellobiose dehydrogenase and cytochrome c immobilized in multiple supramolecular layers. Carboxy-modified SiNP's are used to provide an artificial matrix, which enables protein arrangement in an electroactive form. Direct and interprotein electron transfer has been established for a two-protein system with CDH and cyt c in a layered architecture for the first time. We also highlight that the glycosylation of CDH and the silica nanoparticle size play key roles in the mode of operation in such a complex system. The response of the specific substrate, here lactose, can be tuned by the number of immobilized nanobiomolecular layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven C Feifel
- Biosystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
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21
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Fornera S, Yazawa K, Walde P. Spectrophotometric quantification of lactose in solution with a peroxidase-based enzymatic cascade reaction system. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2307-10. [PMID: 21845526 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A spectrophotometric assay was developed for the quantification of lactose in aqueous solution via a one-pot enzymatic cascade reaction at 25 °C and pH 7.2. Lactose (0.2-1.8 mM), E. coli β-galactosidase (β-Gal), Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase (GOD), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) were incubated, and the increase in absorbance at 417 nm (A (417)) due to the formation of DAP (2,3-diaminophenazine), the dimeric oxidation product of OPD, was followed. The increase in A (417) was found to depend linearly on the initial lactose concentration via three consecutive but simultaneously occurring enzymatic reaction steps catalyzed by β-Gal, GOD, and HRP. No pre-incubation of lactose with β-Gal is needed with this simple lactose assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fornera
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Ito T, Kaneko S, Suzuki K. Fabrication of column chip made of PMMA for μFIA. Talanta 2011; 85:707-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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MUNGATANA NANCYK, NGURE RAPHAELM, SHITANDI ANAKALO, ONYIEGO BERNARD, MUTUMBA MAURICE. Effect of experimental Staphylococcus aureus mastitis on compositional quality of goat milk. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Conzuelo F, Gamella M, Campuzano S, Ruiz MA, Reviejo AJ, Pingarrón JM. An integrated amperometric biosensor for the determination of lactose in milk and dairy products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7141-7148. [PMID: 20509693 DOI: 10.1021/jf101173e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An integrated amperometric biosensor for the determination of lactose is reported. The bioelectrode design is based on the use of a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified gold electrode on which the enzymes beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal), glucose oxidase (GOD), peroxidase (HRP) and the mediator tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) are coimmobilized by a dialysis membrane. beta-Gal catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose, and the produced glucose is catalytically oxidized to gluconic acid and H(2)O(2), which is reduced in the presence of HRP. This enzyme reaction is mediated by TTF, and the reduction of TTF(+) at 0.00 V (vs Ag/AgCl) gives rise to an amperometric signal proportional to the lactose concentration. The biosensor exhibits a good repeatability of the measurement carried out with the same biosensor, a good reproducibility of the responses obtained with different biosensors and a useful lifetime of 28 days. A linear calibration plot was obtained for lactose over the 1.5 x 10(-6) to 1.2 x 10(-4) M concentration range, with a limit of detection of 4.6 x 10(-7) M. The effect of potential interferents (sucrose, lactulose, fructose, arabinose, maltose, galactose, glucose and uric and ascorbic acids) on the biosensor response was evaluated. Furthermore, the bioelectrode exhibits a suitable performance in flow-injection systems in connection with amperometric detection. The developed biosensor was applied to the determination of lactose in milk and other foodstuffs (chocolate, butter, margarine, yogurt, cheese and mayonnaise), and the results obtained were validated by comparison with those provided by using a commercial enzyme test kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Conzuelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Chalova VI, Froelich CA, Ricke SC. Potential for development of an Escherichia coli-based biosensor for assessing bioavailable methionine: a review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:3562-84. [PMID: 22319312 PMCID: PMC3274233 DOI: 10.3390/s100403562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid for animals and is typically considered one of the first limiting amino acids in animal feed formulations. Methionine deficiency or excess in animal diets can lead to sub-optimal animal performance and increased environmental pollution, which necessitates its accurate quantification and proper dosage in animal rations. Animal bioassays are the current industry standard to quantify methionine bioavailability. However, animal-based assays are not only time consuming, but expensive and are becoming more scrutinized by governmental regulations. In addition, a variety of artifacts can hinder the variability and time efficacy of these assays. Microbiological assays, which are based on a microbial response to external supplementation of a particular nutrient such as methionine, appear to be attractive potential alternatives to the already established standards. They are rapid and inexpensive in vitro assays which are characterized with relatively accurate and consistent estimation of digestible methionine in feeds and feed ingredients. The current review discusses the potential to develop Escherichia coli-based microbial biosensors for methionine bioavailability quantification. Methionine biosynthesis and regulation pathways are overviewed in relation to genetic manipulation required for the generation of a respective methionine auxotroph that could be practical for a routine bioassay. A prospective utilization of Escherichia coli methionine biosensor would allow for inexpensive and rapid methionine quantification and ultimately enable timely assessment of nutritional profiles of feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela I. Chalova
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA; E-Mails: (V.I.C.); (C.A.F.)
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Clifford A. Froelich
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA; E-Mails: (V.I.C.); (C.A.F.)
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA; E-Mails: (V.I.C.); (C.A.F.)
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
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Brandt M, Haeussermann A, Hartung E. Invited review: Technical solutions for analysis of milk constituents and abnormal milk. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:427-36. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sharma SK, Kumar A, Chaudhary R, Pundir S, Pundir CS, Sehgal N. Lactose biosensor based on lactase and galactose oxidase immobilized in polyvinyl formal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 35:421-30. [PMID: 17701488 DOI: 10.1080/10731190701460309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A lactose biosensor was developed by immobilizing lactase and galactose oxidase in a polyvinyl formal membrane and was attached to the oxygen electrode of a dissolved oxygen analyzer for estimation of lactose in milk and food products. The enzyme immobilized polyvinyl formal membrane was characterized by atomic force microscopy. The biosensor showed the linearity for 1-7 g dl(-1) of lactose and can be reused for up to 20 measurements. The effects of pH, temperature and the stability of the immobilized lactase and galactose oxidase in PVF membrane were also studied. The enzyme membrane was found stable up to 35 degrees C and had a shelf-life of more than three months at 4 degrees C.
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Stoica L, Ludwig R, Haltrich D, Gorton L. Third-generation biosensor for lactose based on newly discovered cellobiose dehydrogenase. Anal Chem 2007; 78:393-8. [PMID: 16408919 DOI: 10.1021/ac050327o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes the principle and characteristics of a biosensor for lactose based on a third-generation design involving cellobiose dehydrogenase. As resulted from a previous comparative study (submitted manuscript), the novelty of this lactose biosensor is based on highly efficient direct electron transfer between two newly discovered cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDH), from the white rot fungi Trametes villosa and Phanerochaete sordida, and a solid spectrographic graphite electrode. CDH was immobilized on the electrode surface (0.073 cm2) by simple physical adsorption, and the CDH-modified electrode was next inserted into a wall-jet amperometric cell connected on-line to a flow injection setup (0.5 mL x min(-1)). The P. sordida CDH-based lactose biosensor, proved to be the better one, has a detection limit for lactose of 1 microM, a sensitivity of 1100 microA x mM(-1) x cm(-2), a response time of 4 s (the time required to obtain the maximum peak current), and a linear range from 1 to 100 microM lactose (correlation coefficient 0.998). The simplicity of construction and analytical characteristics make this CDH-based lactose biosensor an excellent alternative to previous lactose biosensors reported in the literature or commercially available. The CDH-lactose sensor was used to quantify the content of lactose in pasteurized milk, buttermilk, and low-lactose milk, using the standard addition method. No effects of the samples matrixes were observed. The operational stability of the sensor was tested for 11 h by continuous injection of 100 microM lactose (290 injections). The final signal of the sensor was maintained at 98% of its initial signal, with a low standard deviation of 1.72 (RSD 2.41%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Stoica
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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Yemini M, Reches M, Gazit E, Rishpon J. Peptide nanotube-modified electrodes for enzyme-biosensor applications. Anal Chem 2007; 77:5155-9. [PMID: 16097753 DOI: 10.1021/ac050414g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication and notably improved performance of composite electrodes based on modified self-assembled diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes is described. Peptide nanotubes were attached to gold electrodes, and we studied the resulting electrochemical behavior using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The peptide nanotube-based electrodes demonstrated a direct and unmediated response to hydrogen peroxide and NADH at a potential of +0.4 V (vs SCE). This biosensor enables a sensitive determination of glucose by monitoring the hydrogen peroxide produced by an enzymatic reaction between the glucose oxidase attached to the peptide nanotubes and glucose. In addition, the marked electrocatalytic activity toward NADH enabled a sensitive detection of ethanol using ethanol dehydrogenase and NAD+. The peptide nanotube-based amperometric biosensor provides a potential new tool for sensitive biosensors and biomolecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Yemini
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Chapter 13 Application of electrochemical enzyme biosensors for food quality control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(06)49013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Loğoğlu E, Sungur S, Yildiz Y. Development of Lactose Biosensor Based on β‐Galactosidase and Glucose Oxidase Immobilized into Gelatin. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320600575256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Göktuğ T, Sezgintürk MK, Dinçkaya E. Glucose oxidase-β-galactosidase hybrid biosensor based on glassy carbon electrode modified with mercury for lactose determination. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sharma SK, Singhal R, Malhotra BD, Sehgal N, Kumar A. Lactose biosensor based on Langmuir–Blodgett films of poly(3-hexyl thiophene). Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 20:651-7. [PMID: 15494251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric lactose biosensor was developed by immobilizing lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) and galactose oxidase (GaO) (EC 1.1.3.9) in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT)/stearic acid (SA) for estimation of lactose in milk and its products to prevent "lactose intolerance". The enzyme immobilized LB film was used as working electrode and platinum as reference electrode. The enzyme electrodes show a linearity 1-6 g/dL of lactose and have a shelf life more than 120 days. The reusability of electrode was found ten times with 3% loss in current response. The enzyme electrode was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and kinetic parameters such as pH, temperature and stability. The working electrode may be used for the estimation of lactose/galactose in food and biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Sharma
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
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Abstract
The food industry needs suitable analytical methods for quality control, that is, methods that are rapid, reliable, specific and cost-effective as current wet chemistries and analytical practices are time consuming and may require highly skilled labor and expensive equipment. The need arises from heightened consumer concern about food composition and safety. The present study was carried out keeping in view the recently emerging concern of the presence of urea in milk, called "synthetic milk". The biocomponent part of the urea biosensor is an immobilized urease yielding bacterial cell biomass isolated from soil and is coupled to the ammonium ion selective electrode of a potentiometric transducer. The membrane potential of all types of potentiometric cell based probes is related to the activity of electrochemically detected product, and thus to the activity of the substrate by a form of the Nernst equation. Samples of milk were collected and analyzed for the presence of urea by the developed biosensor with a response time as low as 2 min. The results were in good correlation with the pure enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, PB, India.
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Azevedo AM, Martins VC, Prazeres DM, Vojinović V, Cabral JM, Fonseca LP. Horseradish peroxidase: a valuable tool in biotechnology. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 2003; 9:199-247. [PMID: 14650928 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(03)09003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidases have conquered a prominent position in biotechnology and associated research areas (enzymology, biochemistry, medicine, genetics, physiology, histo- and cytochemistry). They are one of the most extensively studied groups of enzymes and the literature is rich in research papers dating back from the 19th century. Nevertheless, peroxidases continue to be widely studied, with more than 2000 articles already published in 2002 (according to the Institute for Scientific Information). The importance of peroxidases is emphasised by their wide distribution among living organisms and by their multiple physiological roles. They have been divided into three superfamilies according to their source and mode of action: plant peroxidases, animal peroxidases and catalases. Among all peroxidases, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has received a special attention and will be the focus of this review. A brief description of the three super-families is included in the first section of this review. In the second section, a comprehensive description of the present state of knowledge of the structure and catalytic action of HRP is presented. The physiological role of peroxidases in higher plants is described in the third section. And finally, the fourth section addresses the applications of peroxidases, especially HRP, in the environmental and health care sectors, and in the pharmaceutical, chemical and biotechnological industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Azevedo
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica e Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Rajendran V, Lrudayaraj J. Detection of glucose, galactose, and lactose in milk with a microdialysis-coupled flow injection amperometric sensor. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:1357-61. [PMID: 12146464 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A microdialysis-coupled flow injection amperometric Sensor (microFIAS) was used to determine glucose, galactose, and lactose in milk. The sensor is based on enzyme-catalyzed reaction in combination with the three well-established analytical techniques, namely; microdialysis sampling, flow injection analysis (FIA), and amperometric detection. With the multianalyte sensor it was possible to detect glucose and galactose by sequential injection of their corresponding oxidase enzymes: glucose oxidase and galactose oxidase, while lactose was determined by injection of a mixture of beta-galactosidase and glucose oxidase enzymes. The sensor showed a linear response between 0.05 and 10 mM for glucose, between 0.1 and 20 mM for galactose and between 0.2 and 20 mM for lactose, respectively. The relative standard deviation values of the sensor measurements for glucose, galactose, and lactose were 3-4% (n = 3). The sensor measurements for lactose content in milk were compared with a standard method with an infrared spectrophotometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rajendran
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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