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Liu J, Liang Z, Zhongla M, Wang H, Sun X, Zheng J, Ding X, Yang F. Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of Enterococci Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Cases in Ningxia. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2121-2129. [PMID: 38828370 PMCID: PMC11141574 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s461587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic characterization of enterococcal isolates (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus hirae) isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases in Ningxia, China. Patients and Methods The enterococci were identified by 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disc diffusion method. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by PCR assays. Results Overall, 198 enterococcal isolates were identified from 2897 mastitis samples, including 137 (4.7%) E. faecalis, 50 (1.7%) E. faecium and 11 (0.4%) E. hirae. E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. hirae isolates showed high resistance to tetracycline (92.7%, 68.0%, 90.9%), followed by erythromycin (86.9%, 76.0%, 72.7%). The multidrug-resistant strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium were 29 (21.2%) and 13 (26.0%), respectively. The resistance of E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. hirae isolates to tetracycline is mainly attributed to the presence of tetL (alone or combined with tetM and/or tetK), the erythromycin resistance to ermB (alone or combined with ermC and/or ermA). Moreover, cpd (94.2%), gelE (77.4%), efaAfs (93.4%), and esp (79.6%) were the most common virulence genes in E. faecalis. In E. faecium, except for the gene efaAfs (82.0%), other virulence genes are rarely found. Only two strains of E. hirae carrying asa1 gene were detected. Conclusion The results of this study can provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis caused by enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyi Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maocao Zhongla
- Gannan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hezuo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Xiangyang Vocational and Technical College, Xiangyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Hyeon JY, Kim J, Chung DH, Helal ZH, Polkowski R, Lee DH, Risatti GR. Genome analysis of Streptococcus spp. isolates from animals in pre-antibiotic era with respect to antibiotic susceptibility and virulence gene profiles. Vet Res 2024; 55:51. [PMID: 38622639 PMCID: PMC11017511 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyophilized Streptococcus spp. isolates (n = 50) from animal samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory at the University of Connecticut in the 1940s were revivified to investigate the genetic characteristics using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The Streptococcus spp. isolates were identified as follows; S. agalactiae (n = 14), S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (n = 10), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimils (n = 5), S. uberis (n = 8), S. pyogenes (n = 7), S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (n = 4), S. oralis (n = 1), and S. pseudoporcinus (n = 1). We identified sequence types (ST) of S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, S. pyogenes, and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus and reported ten novel sequence types of those species. WGS analysis revealed that none of Streptococcus spp. carried antibiotic resistance genes. However, tetracycline resistance was observed in four out of 15 S. dysgalactiae isolates and in one out of four S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolate. This data highlights that antimicrobial resistance is pre-existed in nature before the use of antibiotics. The draft genome sequences of isolates from this study and 426 complete genome sequences of Streptococcus spp. downloaded from BV-BRC and NCBI GenBank database were analyzed for virulence gene profiles and phylogenetic relationships. Different Streptococcus species demonstrated distinct virulence gene profiles, with no time-related variations observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high genetic diversity of Streptococcus spp. isolates from the 1940s, and no clear spatio-temporal clustering patterns were observed among Streptococcus spp. analyzed in this study. This study provides an invaluable resource for studying the evolutionary aspects of antibiotic resistance acquisition and virulence in Streptococcus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwon Kim
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - David H Chung
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Zeinab H Helal
- Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Robert Polkowski
- Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guillermo R Risatti
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Wu F, Xie X, Du T, Jiang X, Miao W, Wang T. Lactococcus lactis, a bacterium with probiotic functions and pathogenicity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:325. [PMID: 37776350 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) is the primary organism for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and is a globally recognized safe microorganism for the regulation of the intestinal micro-ecological balance of animals and improving the immune performance of the host. L. lactis is known to play a commercially important role in feed fortification, milk fermentation, and vaccine production, but pathogenic L. lactis has been isolated from many clinical cases in recent years, such as the brain of silver carp with Lactococcosis, the liver and spleen of diseased waterfowl, milk samples and padding materials with cow mastitis, and blood and urine from human patients with endocarditis. In dairy farming, where L. lactis has been used as a probiotic in the past, however, some studies have found that L. lactis can cause mastitis in cows, but the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of mastitis in cows caused by L. lactis has become a new problem. The main objective of this review is to analyze the increasingly serious clinical mastitis caused by L. lactis and combined with the wide application of L. lactis as probiotics, to comprehensively discuss the characteristics and diversity of L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xinmei Xie
- Elanco (Shanghai)Animal Health Co, Ltd, No.1, Field Middle Road, Wusi Farm, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Du
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wei Miao
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Mucoid bovine mastitis isolates of Streptococcus uberis - difficulties in identification. VETERINARSKI GLASNIK 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vetgl210929003s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly mucoid Streptococcus uberis were isolated on blood agar from five milk
samples originating from two dairy cow farms. All the isolates were CAMP
test and esculin hydrolysis negative. Matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)
following prior extraction with 70% formic acid was used for identification
to the species level. Given that it is plausible that such strains could be
isolated in the future from dairy cows by laboratories in Serbia and the
Balkans, we consider this case report to be a useful instruction for
veterinary bacteriology laboratories.
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Crespi E, Pereyra AM, Puigdevall T, Rumi MV, Testorelli MF, Caggiano N, Gulone L, Mollerach M, Gentilini ER, Srednik ME. Antimicrobial resistance studies in staphylococci and streptococci isolated from cows with mastitis in Argentina. J Vet Sci 2021; 23:e12. [PMID: 36448431 PMCID: PMC9715389 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are the main cause of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Argentina, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and environmental streptococci are the main cause of subclinical mastitis. Bacteria isolated from infected animals show increasing antimicrobial resistance. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci and streptococci isolated from milk with mastitis, and to genotypically characterize the methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci. METHODS Isolation was performed on blood agar and identification was based on biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility was according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The antimicrobial resistance genes, SCCmec type and spa type were detected by the polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS We isolated a total of 185 staphylococci and 28 streptococci from 148 milk samples. Among the staphylococcal isolates, 154 were identified as CNS and 31 as S. aureus. Among the 154 CNS, 24.6% (n = 38) were resistant to penicillin, 14.9% (n = 23) to erythromycin, 17.5% (n = 27) to clindamycin, 6.5% (n = 10) to cefoxitin and oxacillin. Among the S. aureus isolates, 16.1% (n = 5) were resistant to penicillin, 3.2% (n = 1) to cefoxitin and oxacillin (MRSA). Six MR isolates (5 CNS and 1 MRSA) were positive to the mecA gene, and presented the SCCmec IVa. The MRSA strain presented the sequence type 83 and the spa type 002. Among the 28 streptococcal isolates, 14.3% (n = 4) were resistant to penicillin, 10.7% (n = 3) to erythromycin and 14.3% (n = 4) to clindamycin. CONCLUSIONS The present findings of this study indicate a development of antimicrobial resistance in main bacteria isolated from cows with mastitis in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Crespi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Ana M. Pereyra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Tomás Puigdevall
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - María V. Rumi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - María F. Testorelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Caggiano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Lucía Gulone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Microbiología, Junín 954, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Marta Mollerach
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Microbiología, Junín 954, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Elida R. Gentilini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Mariela E. Srednik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
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Crespi E, Pereyra AM, Puigdevall T, Rumi MV, Testorelli MF, Caggiano N, Gulone L, Mollerach M, Gentilini ER, Srednik ME. Antimicrobial resistance studies in staphylococci and streptococci isolated from cows with mastitis in Argentina. J Vet Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Crespi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, CABA, Buenos Aires, C1427CWN, Argentina
| | - Ana M. Pereyra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, CABA, Buenos Aires, C1427CWN, Argentina
| | - Tomás Puigdevall
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, CABA, Buenos Aires, C1427CWN, Argentina
| | - María V. Rumi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, CABA, Buenos Aires, C1427CWN, Argentina
| | - María F. Testorelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, CABA, Buenos Aires, C1427CWN, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Caggiano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, CABA, Buenos Aires, C1427CWN, Argentina
| | - Lucía Gulone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Microbiología, CABA, Buenos Aires, C1427CWN, Argentina
| | - Marta Mollerach
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Microbiología, CABA, Buenos Aires, C1427CWN, Argentina
| | - Elida R. Gentilini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, CABA, Buenos Aires, C1427CWN, Argentina
| | - Mariela E. Srednik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología, CABA, Buenos Aires, C1427CWN, Argentina
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7
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PCR-Based Direct Detection of Streptococcus uberis from Subclinical and Clinical Dairy Cattle Milk Samples. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:8828624. [PMID: 33376590 PMCID: PMC7746883 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8828624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the leading causes worldwide of mastitis in the dairy industry, with the most likely sources of infection attributed to environmental reservoirs such as contaminated bedding materials. Early detection of those cases most likely to progress to clinical disease would lead to improved animal welfare, a critical component of overall health and productivity. A multiplex PCR-based diagnostic test was developed for detection of S. uberis directly from milk and targeting two genes previously identified as important for intramammary colonisation and persistence in dairy cattle. Results indicated the threshold for detection directly from milk was 20,000 CFU/ml and this was achieved without the need for preenrichment. In addition, S. uberis could be identified from milk samples collected during intramammary challenge studies, prior to clinical signs of infection and at much lower detection limits. The PCR test developed for confirmation of the presence of S. uberis directly from infected milk has potential value as a diagnostic test to identify early infection and/or to confirm that antibiotic therapy has been successful.
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Scillieri Smith JC, Moroni P, Santisteban CG, Rauch BJ, Ospina PA, Nydam DV. Distribution of Lactococcus spp. in New York State dairy farms and the association of somatic cell count resolution and bacteriological cure in clinical mastitis samples. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1785-1794. [PMID: 31864733 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the distribution of pathogenic non-agalactiae gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci (GPCN) in a convenience sample of New York State dairy farms. Our primary objective with the clinical mastitis (CM) GPCN samples was to evaluate somatic cell count (SCC) resolution and bacteriological cure of Streptococcus dysgalactiae or Streptococcus uberis versus Lactococcus lactis or Lactococcus garvieae in cows that received an approved intramammary treatment. In phase I, we assessed the distribution of the GPCN and SCC resolution. In phase II, we evaluated the SCC resolution and bacteriological cure in CM samples from the 4 farms with the highest prevalence of L. lactis or L. garvieae in phase I. In phase I, 8,868 CM and subclinical mastitis (SCM) milk samples were received from 143 farms. The GPCN samples identified by culture were confirmed with MALDI-TOF. From the 473 MALDI-TOF-confirmed GPCN samples, 155 were S. dysgalactiae (33%); 150, S. uberis (32%); 112, L. lactis (24%); 16, L. garvieae (3%); and 40, other GPCN (8%). From these, 277 were CM samples and 127 were eligible for the evaluation of SCC resolution, which was defined as SCC ≤200,000 cells/mL in a composite sample 15 to 60 d post-diagnosis. The odds of SCC resolution in CM samples was evaluated with multivariable logistic regression, and the odds were 6.1 [95% confidence interval (CI):2.7-13.9] times higher for S. dysgalactiae or S. uberis compared with L. lactis or L. garvieae. In phase II, a total of 1,662 CM and SCM samples were evaluated with microbiological methods as in phase I, of which 211 samples were confirmed by MALDI-TOF: 39% were S. dysgalactiae (n = 61) and S. uberis (n = 21); 55%, L. lactis (n = 114) and L. garvieae (n = 2); and 6%, other GPCN (n = 13). In total, 168 CM samples were eligible for analysis and 118 were included in the final SCC resolution model. Similar statistical methods as in phase I were performed, and the odds of SCC resolution were 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1-5.5) times higher for S. dysgalactiae or S. uberis compared with L. lactis or L. garvieae. Bacteriological cure was defined as having a different or negative culture on a quarter sample taken 14 to 28 d after initial diagnosis. The odds of bacteriological cure (n = 121) were 8.0 (95% CI: 2.5-25.6) times higher for S. dysgalactiae or S. uberis compared with L. lactis or L. garvieae. Differences in SCC resolution and bacteriological cure between these groups may dictate a different management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Scillieri Smith
- New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets, Division of Animal Industry, 10B Airline Drive, Albany 12235
| | - P Moroni
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Quality Milk Production Services, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C G Santisteban
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Quality Milk Production Services, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - B J Rauch
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Quality Milk Production Services, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - P A Ospina
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Quality Milk Production Services, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
| | - D V Nydam
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Quality Milk Production Services, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Phenotypic and genotypic methods for identification of slime layer production, efflux pump activity, and antimicrobial resistance genes as potential causes of the antimicrobial resistance of some mastitis pathogens from farms in Menoufia, Egypt. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6533-6546. [PMID: 31583568 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis caused by multi- or pan-drug resistant bacteria is a growing health concern. A total of 110 milk samples were collected: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli were present in 54/110 (49.09%), 37/110 (33.63%), 25/110 (22.72%), 7/110 (6.36%), and 50/110 (45.45%) samples, respectively. A total of 20 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, 19 Streptococcus sp. isolates, and 15 E. coli isolates were selected, and 100% were positive for (coagulase and hemolysins), streptokinase, and hemolytic activity, respectively. A number of 11 E. coli isolates were serotyped, and the serotypes were: O26, O55, O111, O119, O124, O125, O127, and O158. The antimicrobial resistance index ranges for MRSA, Streptococcus sp., and E. coli were 0.49-0.83, 0.39-0.83, and 0.56-1, respectively. The most effective antimicrobials on Gram-positive isolates were cephradine, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, norfloxacin, and vancomycin, while doxycycline and norfloxacin were effective on E. coli serotypes. All of the selected isolates exhibited slime layer production. The efflux pumps of the 12 MRSA, 12 Streptococcus sp., and 11 E. coli isolates exhibited activity with ethidium bromide concentrations of 1, 1.5, and 0.5 µg/ml, respectively. There was a simultaneous antimicrobial activity of the efflux pump inhibitor chlorpromazine with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, erythromycin, and oxacillin, to which the isolates were resistant. The 12 MRSA isolates harboured the methicillin resistance genes mec(A,A1, and A2), mecA1, and mecC at frequencies of 9/12 (75%), 9/12 (75%), and 8/12 (66.7%), respectively, and the penicillin resistance gene BlaZ was present at a frequency of 5/12 (41.7%). The distributions of erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), erm(G), and erm(Q) were 8/12 (66.7%), 5/12 (41.7%), 12/12 (100%), 2/12 (16.7%), 0/12 (0.0%), and 8/12 (66.7%), respectively. The 12 Streptococcus sp. isolates harboured mec(A, A1, and A2), mecA1, mecC, and blaZ at rates of 4/12 (33.33%), 4/12 (33.33%), 5/12 (41.7%), and 4/12 (33.33%), respectively. The frequencies of erm(A) and erm(F) were 4/12 (33.33%), and 9/12 (75%), respectively. The 11 E. coli isolates harboured the extended-spectrum β-lactamases integrase1, integrase2, blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-1, and blaTEM at frequencies of 10/11 (90.90%), 11/11 (100%), 9/11 (81.81%), 6/11 (54.54%), and 10/11 (90.90%), respectively. Moreover, the frequencies of erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), erm(G), and erm(Q) were 7/11 (63.63%), 4/11 (36.36%), 4/11 (36.36%), 5/11 (45.45%), 10/11 (90.90%), and 10/11 (90.90%), respectively. Our results demonstrated the high antimicrobial resistance of the investigated isolates and confirmed the existence of multiple mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance.
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Wente N, Klocke D, Paduch JH, Zhang Y, Seeth MT, Zoche-Golob V, Reinecke F, Mohr E, Krömker V. Associations between Streptococcus uberis strains from the animal environment and clinical bovine mastitis cases. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9360-9369. [PMID: 31421887 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine clinical mastitis quarter foremilk samples were collected from 15 German dairy farms for the isolation of Streptococcus uberis strains. Samples were also collected from the 8 spots where Streptococcus uberis was most expected in the dairy environment to investigate the transmission behavior of Streptococcus uberis within the farm. The selected environmental spots for sampling were the inner surface of the milking liner, drinking troughs (on pasture and in the barn), exit area of milking parlor, bedding material from the lying area in the barn, passageway to pasture, lying area of soil or vegetation on pasture, and the barn area in front of the milking parlor. We performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis on 237 Streptococcus uberis isolates to identify environmental strains that matched those from mastitis milk. The same strains were detected on the passageway to the pasture, milking parlor waiting area, in one of the liners, and a drinking trough. Streptococcus uberis strains showed high variability within farms and because identical strains (in mastitis milk and environment) were found in different environmental localizations, its transmission appears to be farm specific. Thus, to establish a farm-specific mastitis control strategy, the main environmental sources of Streptococcus uberis must be analyzed for matching strains. A molecular method such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is an important tool that can be used to obtain the necessary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wente
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty 2, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, 30453 Hannover, Germany; Animal Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - D Klocke
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty 2, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, 30453 Hannover, Germany
| | - J-H Paduch
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty 2, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, 30453 Hannover, Germany
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty 2, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, 30453 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Tho Seeth
- Chamber of Agriculture Lower Saxony, Udder Health Service, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - V Zoche-Golob
- Animal Health Service, Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - F Reinecke
- Department 51.2, Quality assurance for organic products, vegetable products and milk, 35578 Wetzlar, Germany
| | - E Mohr
- Animal Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - V Krömker
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty 2, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, 30453 Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Fessia AS, Dieser SA, Raspanti CG, Odierno LM. Genotyping and study of adherence-related genes of Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine mastitis. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:295-301. [PMID: 30914388 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the presence, conservation, and distribution of 6 potential adherence genes and their relationship with diverse molecular types in 34 S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentina. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing with SmaI was performed. The PCR for the detection of each gene, scpA, acdA, fbp, lbp, lmb, and sua was standardized. Samples of the amplification products were purified and sequenced. The PFGE patterns revealed the high level of heterogeneity of S. uberis, with 26 types of PFGE patterns. A high prevalence of scpA, fbp, lbp, lmb and acdA genes (100%-97%) was detected, whereas 79.41% of S. uberis harbored the sua gene. A high degree of similarity in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the 6 genes was observed. Our results showed that all genes are conserved and are present in most S. uberis isolates despite the wide clonal heterogeneity detected. This is the first study reporting an analysis of prevalence, and nucleotides and amino acids sequences of the potential adherence genes scpA, acdA, fbp, lbp, and lmb from S. uberis strains versus reported GenBank sequences, S. uberis 0140J and S. uberis NZ01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluminé S Fessia
- Departamento Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, X5804ZAB, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Silvana A Dieser
- Departamento Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, X5804ZAB, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Raspanti
- Departamento Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, X5804ZAB, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Odierno
- Departamento Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, X5804ZAB, Argentina.
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12
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Dieser SA, Fessia AS, Ferrari MP, Raspanti CG, Odierno LM. Streptococcus uberis: In vitro biofilm production in response to carbohydrates and skim milk. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:305-310. [PMID: 28774481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis has become one of the most important environmental pathogens associated with clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. Biofilm confers to bacteria more resistance to physical and chemical agents as well as to different mechanisms of the innate immune system. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of in vitro biofilm production in 32 S. uberis isolates from bovine mastitis and identified by biochemical tests and subsequently confirmed by the amplification of the pauA gene. The isolates were cultivated in TMP broth and TMP broth with the addition of 0.5% glucose, 1% sucrose, 1% lactose or 0.5% skim milk in microtiter plates stained with crystal violet. We demonstrated that S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitis are able to produce biofilms in TMP broth and, also that biofilm formation by S. uberis can be significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.5% glucose or 1% sucrose to TMP broth. This may suggest that the carbohydrates in milk or within the ruminant gut might affect the growth mode of S. uberis. In addition, our results showed that in vitro biofilm production under different conditions of supplementation displays variation among the isolates and that each isolate shows a particular profile of biofilm production. This phenotypic heterogeneity in biofilm production exhibited by S. uberis could at least partly explain why this bacterium has the ability to adapt to different niches facilitating survival to diverse and stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana A Dieser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Aluminé S Fessia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miriam P Ferrari
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Raspanti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Odierno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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13
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Assessment of the potential utility of different regions of Streptococcus uberis adhesion molecule (SUAM) for mastitis subunit vaccine development. Microb Pathog 2017; 105:273-279. [PMID: 28259674 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing clinical and subclinical mastitis worldwide. Among bacterial factors involved in intramammary infections caused by this organism, S. uberis adhesion molecule (SUAM) is one of the main virulence factors identified. This molecule is involved in S. uberis internalization to mammary epithelial cells through lactoferrin (Lf) binding. The objective of this study was to evaluate SUAM properties as a potential subunit vaccine component for prevention of S. uberis mastitis. B epitope prediction analysis of SUAM sequence was used to identify potentially immunogenic regions. Since these regions were detected all along the gene, this criterion did not allow selecting a specific region as a potential immunogen. Hence, four fractions of SUAM (-1fr, 2fr, 3fr and 4fr), comprising most of the protein, were cloned and expressed. Every fraction elicited a humoral immune response in mice as predicted by bioinformatics analysis. SUAM-1fr generated antibodies with the highest recognition ability towards SUAM native protein. Moreover, antibodies against SUAM-1fr produced the highest proportion of internalization inhibition of S. uberis to mammary epithelial cells. In conclusion, SUAM immunogenic and functionally relevant regions were identified and allowed to propose SUAM-1fr as a potential candidate for a subunit vaccine for S. uberis mastitis prevention.
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14
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Wald R, Baumgartner M, Urbantke V, Stessl B, Wittek T. Diagnostic accuracy of a standardized scheme for identification of Streptococcus uberis in quarter milk samples: A comparison between conventional bacteriological examination, modified Rambach agar medium culturing, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1459-1466. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Preethirani PL, Isloor S, Sundareshan S, Nuthanalakshmi V, Deepthikiran K, Sinha AY, Rathnamma D, Nithin Prabhu K, Sharada R, Mukkur TK, Hegde NR. Isolation, Biochemical and Molecular Identification, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Bubaline Subclinical Mastitis in South India. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142717. [PMID: 26588070 PMCID: PMC4654528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffaloes are the second largest source of milk. Mastitis is a major impediment for milk production, but not much information is available about bubaline mastitis, especially subclinical mastitis. The aim of this study was to (a) investigate the application of various tests for the diagnosis of bubaline subclinical mastitis, (b) identify the major bacteria associated with it, and (c) evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria. To this end, 190 quarter milk samples were collected from 57 domesticated dairy buffaloes from organized (64 samples) and unorganized (126 samples) sectors. Of these, 48.4%, 40.0%, 45.8%, 61.1%, and 61.6% were positive for subclinical mastitis by somatic cell count, electrical conductivity, California mastitis test, bromothymol blue test, and N-acetyl glucosaminidase test, respectively. As compared to the gold standard of somatic cell count, California mastitis test performed the best. However, a combination of the two methods was found to be the best option. Microbiological evaluation, both by biochemical methods as well as by monoplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, revealed that coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most predominant (64.8%) bacteria, followed by streptococci (18.1%), Escherichia coli (9.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (7.3%). Most of the pathogens were resistant to multiple antibiotics, especially to β-lactam antibiotics. We propose that California mastitis test be combined with somatic cell count for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in domestic dairy buffaloes. Further, our results reveal high resistance of the associated bacteria to the β-lactam class of antibiotics, and a possible major role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in causing the disease in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. L. Preethirani
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shrikrishna Isloor
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - S. Sundareshan
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - V. Nuthanalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. Deepthikiran
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - Akhauri Y. Sinha
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India
| | - D. Rathnamma
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. Nithin Prabhu
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - R. Sharada
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - Trilochan K. Mukkur
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nagendra R. Hegde
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
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Perrig MS, Ambroggio MB, Buzzola FR, Marcipar IS, Calvinho LF, Veaute CM, Barbagelata MS. Genotyping and study of the pauA and sua genes of Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine mastitis. Rev Argent Microbiol 2015; 47:282-94. [PMID: 26507633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the clonal relationship among 137 Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine milk with subclinical or clinical mastitis in Argentina and to assess the prevalence and conservation of pauA and sua genes. This information is critical for the rational design of a vaccine for the prevention of bovine mastitis caused by S. uberis. The isolates were typed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The 137 isolates exhibited 61 different PFGE types and 25 distinct RAPD profiles. Simpson's diversity index was calculated both for PFGE (0.983) and for RAPD (0.941), showing a high discriminatory power in both techniques. The analysis of the relationship between pairs of isolates showed 92.6% concordance between both techniques indicating that any given pair of isolates distinguished by one method tended to be distinguished by the other. The prevalence of the sua and pauA genes was 97.8% (134/137) and 94.9% (130/137), respectively. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the sua and pauA genes from 20 S. uberis selected isolates, based on their PFGE and RAPD types and geographical origin, showed an identity between 95% and 100% with respect to all reference sequences registered in GenBank. These results demonstrate that, in spite of S. uberis clonal diversity, the sua and pauA genes are prevalent and highly conserved, showing their importance to be included in future vaccine studies to prevent S. uberis bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina S Perrig
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina
| | - María B Ambroggio
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fernanda R Buzzola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iván S Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Luis F Calvinho
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina M Veaute
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Sol Barbagelata
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Werner B, Moroni P, Gioia G, Lavín-Alconero L, Yousaf A, Charter M, Carter B, Bennett J, Nydam D, Welcome F, Schukken Y. Short communication: Genotypic and phenotypic identification of environmental streptococci and association of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis with intramammary infections among different dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:6964-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Comment on "Intravitreal Ampicillin Sodium for Antibiotic-Resistant Endophthalmitis: Streptococcus uberis First Human Intraocular Infection Report". J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:395480. [PMID: 25143827 PMCID: PMC4129913 DOI: 10.1155/2014/395480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Raemy A, Meylan M, Casati S, Gaia V, Berchtold B, Boss R, Wyder A, Graber HU. Phenotypic and genotypic identification of streptococci and related bacteria isolated from bovine intramammary infections. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:53. [PMID: 23866930 PMCID: PMC3723560 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus spp. and other Gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci (PNC) form a large group of microorganisms which can be found in the milk of cows with intramammary infection. The most frequently observed PNC mastitis pathogens (major pathogens) are Streptococcus uberis, Strep. dysgalactiae, and Strep. agalactiae. The remaining PNC include a few minor pathogens and a large nonpathogenic group. Improved methods are needed for the accurate identification and differentiation of PNC. A total of 151 PNC were collected from cows with intramammary infection and conclusively identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as reference method. Nine phenotypic microbiological tests (alpha-hemolysis, CAMP reaction, esculin hydrolysis, growth on kanamycin esculin azide agar and on sodium chloride agar, inulin fermentation, hippurate hydrolysis, leucine aminopeptidase and pyrrolidonyl peptidase activity), multiplex PCR for the three major pathogens (target genes for Strep. uberis, Strep. dysgalactiae and Strep. agalactiae: pauA, 16S rRNA, and sklA3, respectively), and mass spectroscopy using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF MS) were evaluated for the diagnosis and discrimination of the three clinically most relevant PNC. Results The probability that a strain of Strep. uberis, Strep. dysgalactiae and Strep. agalactiae was correctly identified by combining the results of the 9 phenotypic tests was 92%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. Applying the multiplex PCR, all strains of the three major pathogens were correctly identified and no false positive results occurred. Correct identification was observed for all strains of Strep. uberis and Strep. agalactiae using MALDI-TOF MS. In the case of Strep. dysgalactiae, some variability was observed at the subspecies level, but all strains were allocated to one single cluster. Conclusions The results of the present study show that reliable identification of the clinically most relevant PNC (Strep. uberis, Strep. agalactiae and Strep. dysgalactiae) can be obtained by use of a combination of colony morphology, hemolysis type and catalase reaction, and a multiplex PCR with specific primers restricted to these 3 pathogens. The MALDI-TOF MS is a fast method that shows promising results, although identification of Strep. dysgalactiae at the subspecies level is not yet satisfactory.
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Hegde R, Isloor S, Prabhu KN, Shome BR, Rathnamma D, Suryanarayana VVS, Yatiraj S, Prasad CR, Krishnaveni N, Sundareshan S, Akhila DS, Gomes AR, Hegde NR. Incidence of subclinical mastitis and prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in organized farms and unorganized sectors. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 53:315-20. [PMID: 24426129 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-012-0336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) represents a major proportion of the burden of mastitis. Determining somatic cell count (SCC) and electrical conductivity (EC) of milk are useful approaches to detect SCM. In order to correlate grades of SCM with the load of five major mastitis pathogens, 246 milk samples from a handful of organized and unorganized sectors were screened. SCC (>5 × 10(5)/mL) and EC (>6.5 mS/cm) identified 110 (45 %) and 153 (62 %) samples, respectively, to be from SCM cases. Randomly selected SCM-negative samples as well as 186 samples positive by either SCC or EC were then evaluated for isolation of five major mastitis-associated bacteria. Of the 323 isolates obtained, 95 each were S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), 48 were E. coli and 85 were streptococci. There was no association between the distribution of organisms and (a) the different groups of SCC, or (b) organised farms and unorganised sectors. By contrast, there was a significant difference in the distribution of CoNS, and not other species, between organized farms and unorganized sectors. In summary, bacteria were isolated irrespective of the density of somatic cells or the type of farm setting, and the frequency of isolation of CoNS was higher with organized farms. These results suggest the requirement for fine tuning SCC and EC limits and the higher probability for CoNS to be associated with SCM in organized diary sectors, and have implications for the identification, management and control of mastitis in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendra Hegde
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India ; Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Biologicals, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | - Shrikrishna Isloor
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | - K Nithin Prabhu
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | - B R Shome
- Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | - D Rathnamma
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | | | - S Yatiraj
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | - C Renuka Prasad
- Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Biologicals, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | - N Krishnaveni
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | - S Sundareshan
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | - D S Akhila
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | - A R Gomes
- Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Biologicals, Hebbal, 560024 Bengaluru India
| | - Nagendra R Hegde
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, 500078 Andhra Pradesh India
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Reinoso EB, Lasagno MC, Dieser SA, Odierno LM. Distribution of virulence-associated genes in Streptococcus uberis isolated from bovine mastitis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 318:183-8. [PMID: 21385204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is an important pathogen that has been implicated in bovine mastitis but the virulence factors associated with pathogenesis are not well understood. The aim of this work was to examine 11 putative and known virulence-associated genes by PCR in 78 S. uberis strains isolated from infected animals in Argentina. Additionally, the distribution of virulence patterns over various herds was determined. Not all genes were present in the strains but all of the detected virulence-associated genes were present in combination. Forty-seven (60.3%) isolates carried seven to 10 virulence-associated genes. Further analysis revealed 58 virulence patterns. Different patterns were found within the same herd and among herds, demonstrating that strains with different virulence patterns were able to cause mastitis. Despite the large number of strains with different virulence patterns, strains with identical patterns was found. Detection of virulence-associated genes in individual S. uberis strains isolated from infected animals revealed one to 10 virulence genes. This may indicate that other virulence factors could be involved. The present study reveals the occurrence and distribution of 11 virulence-associated genes among S. uberis isolates from bovine mastitis in various herds and contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenicity of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina B Reinoso
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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22
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Barreiro J, Ferreira C, Sanvido G, Kostrzewa M, Maier T, Wegemann B, Böttcher V, Eberlin M, dos Santos M. Short communication: Identification of subclinical cow mastitis pathogens in milk by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:5661-7. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Reinoso E, Dieser S, Calvinho L, Bogni C, Odierno L. Phenotyping and genotyping of streptococci in bovine milk in Argentinean dairy herds. Acta Vet Hung 2010; 58:287-95. [PMID: 20713320 DOI: 10.1556/avet.58.2010.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most veterinary and milk hygiene laboratories identify streptococci and enterococci based on serological and biochemical tests. The analysis of 16S rDNA was suggested to be used for more exact identification; however, its use has not been considered so far in monitoring studies. The objective of the present study was to compare a conventional phenotypic method with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA (16S rDNA RFLP) for identification of streptococci isolated from composite milk samples collected in connection with intramammary infection (IMI) in six Argentinean dairy farms. Composite milk samples (n = 1223) from cows belonging to six herds were collected for bacteriological analysis. Twelve reference strains and fifty streptococci or streptococcuslike isolates were identified to species level by the API 20 Strep system, conventional biochemical tests and 16S rDNA RFLP in a blind assay. The remaining streptococci or streptococcus-like isolates (n = 40) were identified to the species level both by 16S rDNA RFLP and conventional biochemical tests. As indicated by Kappa values, agreement between the 16S rDNA RFLP and the conventional scheme for identification of Streptococcus agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, S. equinus and Enterococcus faecalis was 0.91, 0.73, 0.92, 0.81 and 0.85, respectively. Together with the less frequently isolated streptococcal species, the conventional scheme correctly identified 77 out of 90 isolates (85.5%). Thus, the use of 16S rDNA RFLP is considered valuable for monitoring studies due to its affordable cost for standard laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Reinoso
- 1 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Silvana Dieser
- 1 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Luis Calvinho
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela Rafaela, Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Cristina Bogni
- 1 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Liliana Odierno
- 1 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
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Pitkälä A, Koort J, Björkroth J. Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus parauberis isolated from bovine milk samples. J Dairy Sci 2009; 91:4075-81. [PMID: 18832235 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The conventional identification of Streptococcus uberis/parauberis group (n = 137) in clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis samples originating from 111 different farms was compared with identification based on 16 and 23S rRNA gene HindIII RFLP patterns used as operational taxonomic units in numerical analyses. On the basis of ribopattern analysis only 2 isolates belonged to S. parauberis, which is thus not a frequent cause of bovine intramammary infections in Finland. According to in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Streptococcus uberis is susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. The prevalence of erythromycin (15.6%) and oxytetracycline (40.6%) resistance of clinical S. uberis isolates was higher than reported previously among subclinical isolates. The 2 subclinical S. parauberis isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pitkälä
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland.
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