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Paiz CC, Owodunni OP, Courville EN, Schmidt M, Alunday R, Bowers CA. Frailty Predicts 30-day mortality following major complications in neurosurgery patients: The risk analysis index has superior discrimination compared to modified frailty index-5 and increasing patient age. World Neurosurg X 2024; 23:100286. [PMID: 38516023 PMCID: PMC10955078 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2024.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative complications after cranial or spine surgery are prevalent, and frailty can be a key contributing patient factor. Therefore, we evaluated frailty's impact on 30-day mortality. We compared the discrimination for risk analysis index (RAI), modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5) and increasing patient age for predicting 30-day mortality. Methods Patients with major complications following neurosurgery procedures between 2012- 2020 in the ACS-NSQIP database were included. We employed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and examined discrimination thresholds for RAI, mFI-5, and increasing patient age for 30-day mortality. Independent relationships were examined using multivariable analysis. Results There were 19,096 patients included in the study and in the ROC analysis for 30-day mortality, RAI showed superior discriminant validity threshold C-statistic 0.655 (95% CI: 0.644-0.666), compared to mFI-5 C-statistic 0.570 (95% CI 0.559-0.581), and increasing patient age C-statistic 0.607 (95% CI 0.595-0.619). When the patient population was divided into subsets based on the procedures type (spinal, cranial or other), spine procedures had the highest discriminant validity threshold for RAI (Cstatistic 0.717). Furthermore, there was a frailty risk tier dose response relationship with 30-day mortalityy (p<0.001). Conclusion When a major complication arises after neurosurgical procedures, frail patients have a higher likelihood of dying within 30 days than their non-frail counterparts. The RAI demonstrated a higher discriminant validity threshold than mFI-5 and increasing patient age, making it a more clinically relevant tool for identifying and stratifying patients by frailty risk tiers. These findings highlight the importance of initiatives geared toward optimizing frail patients, to mitigate long-term disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Paiz
- New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Oluwafemi P. Owodunni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Evan N. Courville
- Department of Neurosurgical Sciences, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Meic Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgical Sciences, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Robert Alunday
- Department of Neurosurgical Sciences, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Center for Adult Critical Care, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christian A. Bowers
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Jayakumar N, Hagroo A, Kennion O, Holliman D. A cross-sectional survey of patient perceptions of the National Neurosurgical Audit Programme (NNAP). Br J Neurosurg 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38562086 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2024.2334433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Neurosurgical Audit Programme (NNAP) publishes mortality outcomes of consultants and neurosurgical units across the United Kingdom. It is unclear how useful outcomes data is for patients and whether it influences their decision-making process. Our aim was to identify patients' perceptions and understanding of the NNAP data and its influences. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-centre study was conducted in the outpatient neurosurgery clinics at a regional neurosurgical centre. All adult (age ≥ 18) neurosurgical patients, with capacity, were invited to take part. Native and non-native English speakers were eligible. Statistical analyses were performed on SPSS v28 (IBM). Ethical approval was obtained. RESULTS A total of 84 responses were received (54.7% females). Over half (51.0%) of respondents felt that they understood a consultant's mortality outcomes. Educational level determines respondents' understanding (χ2(8) = 16.870; p = .031). Most respondents were unaware of the NNAP (89.0%). Only a third of respondents (35.1%) understood the funnel plot used to illustrate mortality. CONCLUSIONS Most patients were unaware of the NNAP and most did not understand the data on the website. Understanding of mortality data seemed to be related to respondents' educational level which would be important to keep in mind when planning how to depict mortality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithish Jayakumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aasim Hagroo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Oliver Kennion
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Damian Holliman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Salmanov AG, Shchehlov DV, Mamonova M, Svyrydiuk OE, Bortnik IM, Chabanovych NB, Kudelskyi YE, Kovalenko OP, Chekhunova D. Healthcare-associated infections in postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm in Ukraine. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2024; 52:137-144. [PMID: 38642348 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202402101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: to investigate the epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm in Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2022 in four tertiary care hospitals of Ukraine. The diagnostic criteria were based on specific HAI site were adapted from the CDC/NHSN case definitions. RESULTS Results: Of 1,084 postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm, 128 (11.4%) HAIs were observed. The most common of HAI type was possible ventilatorassociated pneumonia (38.2%) followed by central line-associated bloodstream infections (33.8%), catheter -associated urinary tract infection (18.5%), and surgical site infection (9.6%). Inpatient mortality from HAI was 5.1%. Emergency admission, mechanical ventilation, taking antiplatelet aggregation drugs, albumin reduction, hyperglycaemia, hyponatremia, surgical procedure, operation time > 4 h, mechanical ventilation, urinary catheter, and central venous catheterization were risk factors associated with HAI in patients with intracranial aneurysm surgery. A total of 26% cases of HAIs by MDROs were notified over the study period. Klebsiella spp. - essentially K. pneumoniae - were the most frequent, followed by Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales constituted the most frequent mechanism of resistance, while ESBL-production in Enterobacterales and meticillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were detected in 65,7% 62,3% and 20% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The present study showed that HAIs is a common complication in postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm in Ukraine and multidrugresistant organisms the major pathogen causing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidyn G Salmanov
- SHUPYK NATIONAL HEALTHCARE UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE, SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY AND SURGERY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Dmytro V Shchehlov
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY AND SURGERY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Maryna Mamonova
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY AND SURGERY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE; BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Oleh E Svyrydiuk
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY AND SURGERY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Ihor M Bortnik
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY AND SURGERY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Nadiia B Chabanovych
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY AND SURGERY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Yaroslav E Kudelskyi
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY AND SURGERY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Oleksandr P Kovalenko
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY AND SURGERY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Daria Chekhunova
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY AND SURGERY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
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Salmanov AG, Shchehlov DV, Mamonova M, Bortnik IM, Chabanovych NB, Kudelskyi YE, Chekhunova D. Healthcare-associated infections after neurosurgical procedures in Ukraine: a multicentre study (2020-2022). WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2024; 77:17-24. [PMID: 38431802 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202401102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To investigate the epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) after a neurosurgical procedure in Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: Prospective multicentre surveillance was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022 in 10 regional hospitals of Ukraine. Definitions of HAIs were adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network. RESULTS Results: Of 8,623 neurosurgical patients, 1,579 (18.3%) HAIs were observed. The most frequently of HAI types were pneumonia (38.4%), surgical site infection (34.2%), urinary tract infection (18.1%) and bloodstream infection (9.3%). Death during hospitalization was reported in 11.3% of HAI cases. There was an association between HAIs after neurosurgical procedures and patients with diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis, and leukaemia. The strongest independent associations were observed for intubation, urinary catheters, and vascular catheters. Klebsiella pneumoniae were most commonly reported, accounting for 25.1% of all organisms, followed by Escherichia coli (17.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.9%), Acinetobacter baumannii (8.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (6.8%), and Streptococcus spp. (5.5%). In total, 76.3% isolates from neurosurgical patients were MDROs. Antimicrobial resistance in Ukraine varies greatly by bacterial species, antimicrobial group, and region. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Healthcare-associated infections are a cause for mortality and morbidity among neurosurgical patients. This is due to increase emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Routinely collected surveillance data are of great value as a basis for studying the consequences of HAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidyn G Salmanov
- SHUPYK NATIONAL HEALTHCARE UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE; SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Dmytro V Shchehlov
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Maryna Mamonova
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE; BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Ihor M Bortnik
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Nadiia B Chabanovych
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Yaroslav E Kudelskyi
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Daria Chekhunova
- SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CENTER OF ENDOVASCULAR NEURORADIOLOGY OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
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Kumarapuram S, Elmogazy O, Mokhtari P, Goldstein I, Tayebi Meybodi A. Do overlapping neurosurgical procedures affect patient outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:92. [PMID: 37072635 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-01993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Overlapping surgery (OS) is a common practice in neurosurgery that has recently come under scrutiny. This study includes a systematic review and meta-analysis on articles evaluating the effects of OS on patient outcomes. PubMed and Scopus were searched for studies that analyzed outcome differences between overlapping and non-overlapping neurosurgical procedures. Study characteristics were extracted, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed to analyze the primary outcome (mortality) and secondary outcomes (complications, 30-day readmissions, 30-day operating room returns, home discharge, blood loss, and length of stay). Mantel-Haenszel tests were completed for binary outcomes, whereas the inverse variance tests were conducted for continuous outcomes. Heterogeneity was measured using the I2 and X2 tests. The Egger's test was conducted to evaluate publication bias. Eight of 61 non-duplicate studies were included. Overall, 21,249 patients underwent non-OS (10,504 female) and 15,863 patients underwent OS (8393 female). OS was associated with decreased mortality (p = 0.002), 30-day returns to OR (p < 0.001), and blood loss (p < 0.001) along with increased home discharges (p < 0.001). High heterogeneity was observed for home discharge (p = 0.002) and length of stay (p < 0.001). No publication bias was observed. OS was not associated with worse patient outcomes compared to non-OS. However, considering multiple sources of limitation in the methodology of the included studies (such as limited number of studies, reports originating from mostly high-volume academic centers, discrepancy in the definition of "critical portion(s)" of the surgery across studies, and selection bias), extra caution is advised in interpretation of our results and further focused studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Kumarapuram
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Pooneh Mokhtari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ira Goldstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ali Tayebi Meybodi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Fitzgerald GS, Chuchta TG, McNay EC. Insulin‐like growth factor‐2 is a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1449-1469. [PMID: 36971212 PMCID: PMC10173726 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Current AD treatments slow the rate of cognitive decline, but do not restore lost function. One reason for the low efficacy of current treatments is that they fail to target neurotrophic processes, which are thought to be essential for functional recovery. Bolstering neurotrophic processes may also be a viable strategy for preventative treatment, since structural losses are thought to underlie cognitive decline in AD. The challenge of identifying presymptomatic patients who might benefit from preventative treatment means that any such treatment must meet a high standard of safety and tolerability. The neurotrophic peptide insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) is a promising candidate for both treating and preventing AD-induced cognitive decline. Brain IGF2 expression declines in AD patients. In rodent models of AD, exogenous IGF2 modulates multiple aspects of AD pathology, resulting in (1) improved cognitive function; (2) stimulation of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis; and, (3) neuroprotection against cholinergic dysfunction and beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Preclinical evidence suggests that IGF2 is likely to be safe and tolerable at therapeutic doses. In the preventative treatment context, the intranasal route of administration is likely to be the preferred method for achieving the therapeutic effect without risking adverse side effects. For patients already experiencing AD dementia, routes of administration that deliver IGF2 directly access the CNS may be necessary. Finally, we discuss several strategies for improving the translational validity of animal models used to study the therapeutic potential of IGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E C McNay
- University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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7
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Porwal MH, Feller CN, Kumar D, Kolinski J, Sinson GP. MedCDI: A technology-based documentation and quality improvement initiative in neurosurgery. Surg Neurol Int 2022; 13:271. [PMID: 35855135 PMCID: PMC9282783 DOI: 10.25259/sni_454_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical documentation of patient care alters coding accuracy of Medicare Severity Diagnosis-Related Groups (MS-DRGs), expected mortality, and expected length of stay (LOS) which impact quality metrics. We aimed to determine if neurosurgical quality metrics could be improved by facilitating accurate documentation and subsequently developed a mobile application and educational video to target areas of opportunity. Methods: Vizient software was used to analyze MS-DRGs and expected LOS for sample of patients requiring surgery for spinal pathology, brain tumors, and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) between January 2019 and August 2021. Chart reviews were conducted to discover variables missed by documenting provider and/or coder. Results: Review of 114 spinal surgeries, 20 brain tumors, and 53 SAH patients revealed at least one additional variable impacting LOS in 43% of spine, 75% of brain tumor, and 92% of SAH patients, with an average of 1 (1.25), 2 (1.75), and 3 (2.89) new variables, respectively. Recalculated expected LOS increased by an average of 0.86 days for spine, 3.08 for brain tumor, and 6.46 for SAH cases. Conclusion: Efforts to accurately document patient care can improve quality metrics such as expected LOS, mortality, and cost estimates. We determined several missing variables which impact quality metrics, showing opportunity exists in neurosurgical documentation improvement. Subsequently, we developed an educational video and mobile-supported application to specifically target these variables. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first initiative to utilize the proven powers of mobile phones in health care toward the novel application of specifically improving neurosurgical quality metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokshal H. Porwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Christina N. Feller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Devesh Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Julie Kolinski
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Grant P. Sinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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Ali R, Syed S, Sastry RA, Abdulrazeq H, Shao B, Roye GD, Doberstein CE, Oyelese A, Niu T, Gokaslan ZL, Telfeian A. Toward more accurate documentation in neurosurgical care. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 51:E11. [PMID: 34724645 DOI: 10.3171/2021.8.focus21387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate clinical documentation is foundational to any quality improvement endeavor as it is ultimately the medical record that is measured in assessing change. Literature on high-yield interventions to improve the accuracy and completeness of clinical documentation by neurosurgical providers is limited. Therefore, the authors sought to share a single-institution experience of a two-part intervention to enhance clinical documentation by a neurosurgery inpatient service. METHODS At an urban, level I trauma, academic teaching hospital, a two-part intervention was implemented to enhance the accuracy of clinical documentation of neurosurgery inpatients by residents and advanced practice providers (APPs). Residents and APPs were instructed on the most common neurosurgical complications or comorbidities (CCs) and major complications or comorbidities (MCCs), as defined by Medicare. Additionally, a "system-based" progress note template was changed to a "problem-based" progress note template. Prepost analysis was performed to compare the CC/MCC capture rates for the 12 months prior to the intervention with those for the 3 months after the intervention. RESULTS The CC/MCC capture rate for the neurosurgery service line rose from 62% in the 12 months preintervention to 74% in the 3 months after intervention, representing a significant change (p = 0.00002). CONCLUSIONS Existing clinical documentation habits by neurosurgical residents and APPs may fail to capture the extent of neurosurgical inpatients with CC/MCCs. An intervention that focuses on the most common CC/MCCs and utilizes a problem-based progress note template may lead to more accurate appraisals of neurosurgical patient acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohaid Ali
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; and
| | - Sohail Syed
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; and
| | - Rahul A Sastry
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; and
| | - Hael Abdulrazeq
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; and
| | - Belinda Shao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; and
| | - G Dean Roye
- 2Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Curtis E Doberstein
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; and
| | - Adetokunbo Oyelese
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; and
| | - Tianyi Niu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; and
| | - Ziya L Gokaslan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; and
| | - Albert Telfeian
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; and
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Chan AY, Choi EH, Oh MY, Vadera S, Chen JW, Golshani K, Wilson WC, Hsu FPK. Elective versus nonelective brain tumor resections: a 5-year propensity score matching cost comparison analysis. J Neurosurg 2021; 136:40-44. [PMID: 34243148 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.jns203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elective surgical cases generally have lower costs, higher profit margins, and better outcomes than nonelective cases. Investigating the differences in cost and profit between elective and nonelective cases would help hospitals in planning strategies to withstand financial losses due to potential pandemics. The authors sought to evaluate the exact cost and profit margin differences between elective and nonelective supratentorial tumor resections at a single institution. METHODS The authors collected economic analysis data in all patients who underwent supratentorial tumor resection at their institution between January 2014 and December 2018. The patients were grouped into elective and nonelective cases. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for heterogeneity of baseline characteristics between the two groups. RESULTS There were 143 elective cases and 232 nonelective cases over the 5 years. Patients in the majority of elective cases had private insurance and in the majority of nonelective cases the patients had Medicare/Medicaid (p < 0.01). The total charges were significantly lower for elective cases ($168,800.12) compared to nonelective cases ($254,839.30, p < 0.01). The profit margins were almost 6 times higher for elective than for nonelective cases ($13,025.28 vs $2,128.01, p = 0.04). After propensity score matching, there was still a significant difference between total charges and total cost. CONCLUSIONS Elective supratentorial tumor resections were associated with significantly lower costs with shorter lengths of stay while also being roughly 6 times more profitable than nonelective cases. These findings may help future planning for hospital strategies to survive financial losses during future pandemics that require widespread cancellation of elective cases.
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Ferroli P, Vetrano IG, Schiavolin S, Acerbi F, Zattra CM, Schiariti M, Leonardi M, Broggi M. Brain Tumor Resection in Elderly Patients: Potential Factors of Postoperative Worsening in a Predictive Outcome Model. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102320. [PMID: 34065990 PMCID: PMC8151018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Brain tumor surgery in older patients is becoming more relevant, considering that the proportion of older adults being treated for cancer is rising, whereas some pivotal studies in neuro-oncology comprised young patients only. The knowledge of possible predictors of outcome should be included in the preoperative assessment to make the best possible decision in terms of management. We present a case series of 143 patients older than 65 years, intending to identify the possible factors predicting the risk of clinical worsening after elective surgical resection of intracranial tumors in elderly patients. We found that postoperative complications occurrence and preoperative surgical complexity significantly influence the outcome in this subgroup of patients, whereas postoperative complications were the only factor with an impact also at long-term follow-up. Abstract The decision of whether to operate on elderly patients with brain tumors is complex, and influenced by pathology-related and patient-specific factors. This retrospective cohort study, based on a prospectively collected surgical database, aims at identifying possible factors predicting clinical worsening after elective neuro-oncological surgery in elderly patients. Therefore, all patients ≥65 years old who underwent BT resection at a tertiary referral center between 01/2018 and 12/2019 were included. Age, smoking, previous radiotherapy, hypertension, preoperative functional status, complications occurrence, surgical complexity and the presence of comorbidities were prospectively collected and analyzed at discharge and the 3-month follow-up. The series included 143 patients (mean 71 years, range 65–86). Sixty-five patients (46%) had at least one neurosurgical complication, whereas 48/65 (74%) complications did not require invasive treatment. Forty-two patients (29.4%) worsened at discharge; these patients had a greater number of complications compared to patients with unchanged/improved performance status. A persistent worsening at three months of follow-up was noted in 20.3% of patients; again, this subgroup presented more complications than patients who remained equal or improved. Therefore, postoperative complications and surgical complexity seem to influence significantly the early outcome in elderly patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. In contrast, postoperative complications alone are the only factor with an impact on the 3-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ferroli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.F.); (F.A.); (C.M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Ignazio Gaspare Vetrano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.F.); (F.A.); (C.M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Schiavolin
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Francesco Acerbi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.F.); (F.A.); (C.M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Costanza Maria Zattra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.F.); (F.A.); (C.M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Schiariti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.F.); (F.A.); (C.M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Morgan Broggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.F.); (F.A.); (C.M.Z.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
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11
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Arifin MZ, Sendjaja AN, Faried A. Application of the surgical Apgar score (SAS) to predict postoperative complication(s) in the patients with traumatic brain injury: Study of single center in Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem. Surgery in patients with TBI is associated with a high rate of complications and mortality. The surgical Apgar score (SAS) is a simple quantitative and objective intraoperative tool for predicting major post-operative complications including mortality.
AIM: Our study aimed to analyze the use of SAS as a predictor of post-operative complications in patients with TBI.
METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study at our center in RSHS, Bandung, Indonesia, throughout 2017 by assessing SAS based on calculating intraoperative estimated blood loss, lowest mean arterial pressure, and lowest heart rate for each patient with TBI, as well as the incident complications within 30 days post-operative were recorded.
RESULTS: One hundred fifty-six patients with TBI underwent surgery in 2017 with 123 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among those, 63 patients (51.2%) developed major complications with 8 patients (12.7%) experienced death. The mean SAS for patients without complication was 8.20, whereas for patients with complication was 6.11. SAS has an inverse correlation (r = –0.754) and an association (p < 0.005) with post-operative complication (s) within 30 days.
CONCLUSIONS: The SAS has an inverse correlation and an association with incidence of complications thus potentially useful as an intraoperative predictor for incident complications within 30 days post-operative care in patients with TBI.
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12
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Tahta A, Turgut YB, Sahin C. Malnutrition Essentials for Neurologists and Neurosurgeons: A Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMalnutrition still causes deaths in the world today and protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is characterized by increased oxidative stress, immune deficiency, and development of various infections. Even today, however, it is an underrecognized and undertreated entity in neurology and neurosurgery. In this article, we therefore seek to review the available literature regarding various factors affecting surgical outcome of children with malnutrition undergoing some neurosurgical interventions including shunt surgery and traumatic brain injury in intensive care unit, in addition to its effects upon oxidative stress status and immunity. Furthermore, we attempt to provide essential knowledge of malnutrition affecting surgical outcome of patients with PEM. Based on available evidence in the published literature, it is concluded that it is a serious public health problem characterized by increased oxidative stress, immune deficiency, and development of various infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alican Tahta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasar B. Turgut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Cem Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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13
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Park C, Zakare-Fagbamila RT, Dickson W, Amin K, Giuliano J, Jimenez-Contreras F, Gottfried ON. Institutional review of predictors of in-hospital and 30-day discharge mortality in neurosurgical patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 198:106231. [PMID: 32949857 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Risk of adverse events from neurosurgical diagnoses is high. It is not well described whether there are any demographic, admission, or discharge factors that are associated with inpatient or post-discharge mortality outcomes in neurosurgical patients. The aim of this study is to identify the differences in predictors of mortality during inpatient stay and within 30 days of discharge. METHODS This was a single-institution, retrospective cohort analysis of mortality. Our patient cohort of 11,477 was defined as all adult patients who were discharged (dead or alive) from an inpatient stay between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018, and were either admitted to a neurosurgical service or underwent a neurosurgical procedure during that admission. RESULTS Out of 11,477 patients, 224 (1.95 %) and 290 (2.53 %) died inpatient and within 30 days of discharge, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of inpatient mortality were older age, female gender, diagnostic group, high present on admission severity of illness (POA-SOI) and present on admission risk of mortality (POA-ROM), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and palliative care consult (all p < 0.05). The predictors of mortality within 30-day discharge were older age, admission urgency, admission specialty type, palliative care consult, and discharge disposition (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Older age and palliative care consult were significant predictors of both inpatient and within 30 days of discharge mortality. Admission SOI (>3) and ROM (>3) and ICU care were significant predictors for inpatient mortality while discharge disposition (home health, skilled nursing facility) was important for 30-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Wes Dickson
- Department of Performance Services, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Krunal Amin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Giuliano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Oren N Gottfried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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14
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Schär RT, Tashi S, Branca M, Söll N, Cipriani D, Schwarz C, Pollo C, Schucht P, Ulrich CT, Beck J, Z'Graggen WJ, Raabe A. How safe are elective craniotomies in elderly patients in neurosurgery today? A prospective cohort study of 1452 consecutive cases. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:1113-1121. [PMID: 32330879 DOI: 10.3171/2020.2.jns193460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With global aging, elective craniotomies are increasingly being performed in elderly patients. There is a paucity of prospective studies evaluating the impact of these procedures on the geriatric population. The goal of this study was to assess the safety of elective craniotomies for elderly patients in modern neurosurgery. METHODS For this cohort study, adult patients, who underwent elective craniotomies between November 1, 2011, and October 31, 2018, were allocated to 3 age groups (group 1, < 65 years [n = 1008], group 2, ≥ 65 to < 75 [n = 315], and group 3, ≥ 75 [n = 129]). Primary outcome was the 30-day mortality after craniotomy. Secondary outcomes included rate of delayed extubation (> 1 hour), need for emergency head CT scan and reoperation within 48 hours after surgery, length of postoperative intensive or intermediate care unit stay, hospital length of stay (LOS), and rate of discharge to home. Adjustment for American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) class, estimated blood loss, and duration of surgery were analyzed as a comparison using multiple logistic regression. For significant differences a post hoc analysis was performed. RESULTS In total, 1452 patients (mean age 55.4 ± 14.7 years) were included. The overall mortality rate was 0.55% (n = 8), with no significant differences between groups (group 1: 0.5% [95% binominal CI 0.2%, 1.2%]; group 2: 0.3% [95% binominal CI 0.0%, 1.7%]; group 3: 1.6% [95% binominal CI 0.2%, 5.5%]). Deceased patients had a significantly higher ASA PS class (2.88 ± 0.35 vs 2.42 ± 0.62; difference 0.46 [95% CI 0.03, 0.89]; p = 0.036) and increased estimated blood loss (1444 ± 1973 ml vs 436 ± 545 ml [95% CI 618, 1398]; p <0.001). Significant differences were found in the rate of postoperative head CT scans (group 1: 6.65% [n = 67], group 2: 7.30% [n = 23], group 3: 15.50% [n = 20]; p = 0.006), LOS (group 1: median 5 days [IQR 4; 7 days], group 2: 5 days [IQR 4; 7 days], and group 3: 7 days [5; 9 days]; p = 0.001), and rate of discharge to home (group 1: 79.0% [n = 796], group 2: 72.0% [n = 227], and group 3: 44.2% [n = 57]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Mortality following elective craniotomy was low in all age groups. Today, elective craniotomy for well-selected patients is safe, and for elderly patients, too. Elderly patients are more dependent on discharge to other hospitals and postacute care facilities after elective craniotomy. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01987648 (clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph T Schär
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
| | - Shpend Tashi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
| | - Mattia Branca
- 2Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Nicole Söll
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
| | - Debora Cipriani
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern.,3Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christa Schwarz
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
| | - Claudio Pollo
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
| | - Philippe Schucht
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
| | - Christian T Ulrich
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
| | - Jürgen Beck
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern.,3Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Werner J Z'Graggen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
| | - Andreas Raabe
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
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15
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Elsamadicy AA, Sergesketter AR, Frakes MD, Lad SP. Review of Neurosurgery Medical Professional Liability Claims in the United States. Neurosurgery 2018; 83:997-1006. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aladine A Elsamadicy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Michael D Frakes
- Duke University School of Law, Durham, North Carolina
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shivanand P Lad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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16
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Elsamadicy AA, Sergesketter A, Sampson JH, Gottfried ON. Institutional Review of Mortality in 5434 Consecutive Neurosurgery Patients: Are We Improving? Neurosurgery 2017; 83:1269-1276. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aladine A Elsamadicy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Uni– versity Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amanda Sergesketter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Uni– versity Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John H Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Uni– versity Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Oren N Gottfried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Uni– versity Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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17
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Oravec CS, Motiwala M, Reed K, Kondziolka D, Barker FG, Michael LM, Klimo P. Big Data Research in Neurosurgery: A Critical Look at this Popular New Study Design. Neurosurgery 2017; 82:728-746. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chesney S Oravec
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mustafa Motiwala
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kevin Reed
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Fred G Barker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - L Madison Michael
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul Klimo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides an overview of the major neurologic complications of common neurosurgical and endovascular procedures. RECENT FINDINGS Brain edema, seizures, postoperative hemorrhage, and cerebral ischemia can complicate neurosurgical procedures and produce neurologic decline. The high variability of reporting, types of operations, patient characteristics, and acuity of cases make estimating the incidence and severity of complications difficult. Overall, the complication rate of neurosurgical procedures is approximately 14%, but these are commonly systemic complications (eg, bleeding requiring transfusion, need for mechanical ventilation). In addition to intracranial hemorrhage, ischemia, and seizures after craniotomies, additional characteristic complications include hyperperfusion syndrome and cranial nerve palsies after carotid endarterectomy, cerebrospinal fluid leaks and aseptic meningitis after posterior fossa surgery, and arterial dissections or groin hematomas after endovascular procedures. SUMMARY Neurologic decline can be caused by a variety of causes in the postoperative period. The indication for surgery, type of surgery, and time of decline is helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Brain edema, elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), seizures, intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic infarction, and cranial nerve palsies are some of the more common complications in patients that neurologists may be asked to evaluate or comanage in the postoperative setting.
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19
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Hankinson TC, Dudley RWR, Torok MR, Patibandla MR, Dorris K, Poonia S, Wilkinson CC, Bruny JL, Handler MH, Liu AK. Short-term mortality following surgical procedures for the diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors: outcome analysis in 5533 children from SEER, 2004-2011. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016; 17:289-97. [PMID: 26588456 DOI: 10.3171/2015.7.peds15224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Thirty-day mortality is increasingly a reference metric regarding surgical outcomes. Recent data estimate a 30-day mortality rate of 1.4-2.7% after craniotomy for tumors in children. No detailed analysis of short-term mortality following a diagnostic neurosurgical procedure (e.g., resection or tissue biopsy) for tumor in the US pediatric population has been conducted. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data sets identified patients ≤ 21 years who underwent a diagnostic neurosurgical procedure for primary intracranial tumor from 2004 to 2011. One- and two-month mortality was estimated. Standard statistical methods estimated associations between independent variables and mortality. RESULTS A total of 5533 patients met criteria for inclusion. Death occurred within the calendar month of surgery in 64 patients (1.16%) and by the conclusion of the calendar month following surgery in 95 patients (1.72%). Within the first calendar month, patients < 1 year of age (n = 318) had a risk of death of 5.66%, while those from 1 to 21 years (n = 5215) had a risk of 0.88% (p < 0.0001). By the end of the calendar month following surgery, patients < 1 year (n = 318) had a risk of death of 7.23%, while those from 1 to 21 years (n = 5215) had a risk of 1.38% (p < 0.0001). Children < 1 year at diagnosis were more likely to harbor a high-grade lesion than older children (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.4). CONCLUSIONS In the SEER data sets, the risk of death within 30 days of a diagnostic neurosurgical procedure for a primary pediatric brain tumor is between 1.16% and 1.72%, consistent with contemporary data from European populations. The risk of mortality in infants is considerably higher, between 5.66% and 7.23%, and they harbor more aggressive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd C Hankinson
- Pediatric Neurosurgery and.,Adult and Child Center for Health Outcomes Research
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer L Bruny
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | | | - Arthur K Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-cranial and spinal surgery is associated with significant morbidity (23.6% and 11.2%) (5) . Fully informed consent, shared decision-making and optimal peri-operative care are essential to ensure excellent surgical outcome. There is evidence to support the use of formal pre-operative risk assessment to facilitate this in non-cardiac surgery but little is published on best practice for neurosurgery. Our aim was to establish current practice in pre-operative risk assessment at UK Neurosciences centres. METHODS A national peer-reviewed electronic structured survey on current practice of pre-operative risk assessment was conducted through the Neuroanaesthesia Society of Great Britain and Ireland or NASGBI in 2014. RESULTS We received a response from every UK neurosciences centre. 85% of neurosurgical units offer pre-operative assessment or PAC for elective admissions with 32% of respondents performing formal risk assessment. The Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) and its Portsmouth (P-POSSUM) modification were used most frequently. Although formal multi-disciplinary team discussions were conducted rarely following risk assessment, the results guided post-operative care and were used for consent. CONCLUSIONS Our survey is the first of its kind in the UK for neurosciences. As expected, formal risk assessment and multi-disciplinary team discussion is not routine. Neurosurgery has a high risk of morbidity and mortality, and pre-operative risk assessment should therefore be considered in line with national recommendations. Further work is required to establish best practice in neurosurgery to ensure that patients are appropriately consented, and to improve standards of care and support surgical outcome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Bapat
- a Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care , National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Astri M V Luoma
- a Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care , National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
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21
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Lepänluoma M, Rahi M, Takala R, Löyttyniemi E, Ikonen TS. Analysis of neurosurgical reoperations: use of a surgical checklist and reduction of infection-related and preventable complication-related reoperations. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:145-52. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.12.jns141077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
Use of the WHO surgical checklist has been proven to reduce surgical morbidity and mortality, but its effect on surgical complications requiring reoperation has not been previously studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of the WHO surgical checklist would have an impact on the number and causes of neurosurgical complications leading to a reoperation.
METHODS
The authors retrospectively gathered information on all neurosurgical reoperations using hospital discharge data as well as the operations and procedures registry, and tracked all primary neurosurgical operations (n = 175) preceding a complication-related reoperation from 2007 to 2011. There were a total of 5418 neurosurgical operations during the study period. For further analysis of electronic patient records, the primary operations were divided into 2 groups based on the time of the WHO surgical checklist implementation in the authors' unit: 103 operations before and 72 after the introduction of the checklist. Observed adverse events and reoperations were categorized as preventable or unpreventable, and the actual use of the checklist during each operation was recorded.
RESULTS
The overall rate of preventable complication-related neurosurgical reoperations decreased from 3.3% (95% CI 2.7%–4.0%) to 2.0% (95% CI 1.5%–2.6%) after the checklist implementation. The reoperations were mainly due to wound infections, 46% before and 39% after the checklist. All infection-related reoperations proportioned to all neurosurgical operations (2.5% before vs 1.6% after checklist implementation) showed a significant reduction (p = 0.02) after the implementation of the checklist. In particular, there was a significant decrease (p = 0.006) in the rate of preventable infections associated with reoperations, i.e., 2.2% before versus 1.2% after checklist implementation. The overall adherence to checklist use (the “time out” phase) in neurosurgical operations was 78%, and adherence was 70% in primary operations preceding a complication-related reoperation regarded as preventable.
CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of the WHO surgical checklist in neurosurgery was associated with a decrease in complication-related reoperations, especially those due to preventable infection complications, the majority of which were wound infections. The adherence to checklist use in individual operations after the checklist implementation did not appear to have an impact on the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Rahi
- 2Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, and
| | - Riikka Takala
- 3Perioperative Services, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Management, Turku University Hospital, Turku
| | | | - Tuija S. Ikonen
- 5Administrative Centre, Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland
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22
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Caffo M, Merlo L, Marino D, Caruso G. Graphene in neurosurgery: the beginning of a new era. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:615-25. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized the approach to different fields of industry and medicine. Among the new nanomaterial used, one of the most promising appears to be graphene. Its versatility, due to a particular chemical configuration, confers to it enormous potential of application. Graphene has recently been tested also in biomedical research with excellent results. Neurosurgery can benefit of this material for therapeutic purposes such as targeting controlled drug/gene delivery in brain tumor treatment, as well as photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy, improving biosensing and bioimaging, and lastly as biocompatible material for intracranial and/or spinal devices. However, it still remains an experimental material whose in vitro and in vivo toxicity is tested with controversial results for the human health. Noteworthy is the fact that it is not possible so far to know its long-term toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caffo
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
| | - Lucia Merlo
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Marino
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
| | - Gerardo Caruso
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
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23
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Abstract
This paper analyses patient mortality rates in a prospectively acquired database of all admissions under one consultant neurosurgeon over a 15-year period from April 1999 to March 2014. Out of 6006 admissions, there were 163 deaths (2.7%). Surgical mortality was 3.0% (129/4255 cases). In 105 of the surgical patients, the aim of surgery was recorded preoperatively as being 'to save life' (81%). 14 patients had surgery for pathology that was not life threatening (11%) - four had burr hole surgery for a chronic subdural haematoma and one died after surgical treatment for subarachnoid haemorrhage. Seven died from complications of tumour surgery and two died following epilepsy surgery. A further ten died after endovascular treatment of an aneurysm (9%). The average annual mortality was 10.8 cases (standard deviation +/- 3.06). 147 patients were admitted as an emergency (90%). Only five patients were admitted from a waiting list to be classified as elective retrospectively. The paper helps to define that vital element of neurosurgery practice, which involves the management of patients with life-threatening pathology. Elective mortality rates may be a truer representation of individual surgical competence but these do not reflect overall neurosurgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Robert Sandeman
- a Department of Neurosurgery , North Bristol Trust, Southmead Hospital , Bristol , UK
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24
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Lemaire JJ, Delom C, Coste A, Khalil T, Jourdy JC, Pontier B, Gabrillargues J, Sinardet D, Chabanne A, Achim V, Sakka L, Coste J, Chazal J, Salagnac A, Coll G, Irthum B. [Medico-economic analysis of a neurosurgery department at a university hospital]. Neurochirurgie 2015; 61:2-15. [PMID: 25665774 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Economic and societal constraints require to take into account the economic dimension and medical performance of hospital departments. We carried out a self-assessment study, which we thought could be useful to share with the neurosurgical community. MATERIAL AND METHODS Care and research activities were assessed from 2009 to 2013. We used institutional and assessment-body parameters in order to describe activities and perform a financial evaluation. It was a retrospective descriptive study based on the guidelines of the DHOS/O4 circular No. 2007/390 of October 29, 2007. RESULTS The average annual, analytic income statement was +1.39 millions euros, for 63 beds with a 92% occupancy rate, including 6.7 full-time equivalent neurosurgeons (and assistants), for 2553 patients and 1975 surgeries. The average mortality rate was 2.74%. The annual mean length of stay was 6.82 days. Per year, on average 15.6% of patients were admitted in emergency and 76.9% returned home. The annual, act-related-pricing and publication-related incomes represented 77% and 0.6%, respectively of the total funding. Difficulties to find downstream beds for the most severe patients induced 1401 "waiting days" in 2012. CONCLUSION Medico-economic analysis of a neurosurgery department at a university hospital was useful in order to take into account the care, teaching and research activities, as well as its related financial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Lemaire
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - C Delom
- Direction des finances, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Coste
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - T Khalil
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J-C Jourdy
- Département d'information médicale, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Pontier
- Coordination soins de suite et réadaptation, agence régional de santé - Auvergne, 63057 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Gabrillargues
- Unité de neuroradiologie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Sinardet
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Chabanne
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - V Achim
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Sakka
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Coste
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Chazal
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Salagnac
- Délégation à la recherche clinique & à l'innovation, direction générale adjointe, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Coll
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Irthum
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 51, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Hirose J, Taniwaki T, Fujimoto T, Okada T, Nakamura T, Okamoto N, Usuku K, Mizuta H. Predictive value of E-PASS and POSSUM systems for postoperative risk assessment of spinal surgery. J Neurosurg Spine 2014; 20:75-82. [DOI: 10.3171/2013.9.spine12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Object
The Estimation of Physiological Ability and Surgical Stress (E-PASS) and Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) systems are surgical risk scoring systems that take into account both the patient's preoperative condition and intraoperative variables. While they predict postoperative morbidity and mortality rates for several types of surgery, spinal surgeries are currently not included. The authors assessed the usefulness of E-PASS and POSSUM algorithms and compared the predictive ability of both systems in patients with spinal disorders considered for surgery.
Methods
The E-PASS system includes a preoperative risk score, a surgical stress score, and a comprehensive risk score that is determined by both the preoperative risk score and surgical stress score. The POSSUM system is composed of a physiological score and an operative severity score; its total score is based on both the physiological score and operative severity score. The authors calculated the E-PASS and POSSUM scores for 601 consecutive patients who had undergone spinal surgery and investigated the relationship between the individual scores of both systems and the incidence of postoperative complications. They also assessed the correctness of the predicted morbidity rate of both systems.
Results
Postoperative complications developed in 64 patients (10.6%); there were no in-hospital deaths. All EPASS scores (p ≤ 0.001) and the operative severity score and total score of the POSSUM (p < 0.03) were significantly higher in patients with postoperative complications than in those without postoperative complications. The morbidity rates correlated linearly and significantly with all E-PASS scores (p ≤ 0.001); their coefficients (preoperative risk score, ρ = 0.179; surgical stress score, ρ = 0.131; and comprehensive risk score, ρ = 0.198) were higher than those for the POSSUM scores (physiological score, ρ = 0.059; operative severity score, ρ = 0.111; and total score, ρ = 0.091). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the predicted morbidity rate was 0.668 for the E-PASS and 0.588 for the POSSUM system.
Conclusions
As E-PASS predicted morbidity more correctly than POSSUM, it is useful for estimating the postoperative risk of patients considered for spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirose
- 1Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- 2Medical Information Science and Administration Planning, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Koichiro Usuku
- 2Medical Information Science and Administration Planning, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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O'Kane R, Mathew R, Kenny T, Stiller C, Chumas P. United Kingdom 30-day mortality rates after surgery for pediatric central nervous system tumors. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013; 12:227-34. [PMID: 23808729 DOI: 10.3171/2013.5.peds12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT In an increasing culture of medical accountability, 30-day operative mortality rates remain one of the most objective measurements reported for the surgical field. The authors report population-based 30-day postoperative mortality rates among children who had undergone CNS tumor surgery in the United Kingdom. METHODS To determine overall 30-day operative mortality rates, the authors analyzed the National Registry of Childhood Tumors for CNS tumors for the period 2004-2007. The operative mortality rate for each tumor category was derived. In addition, comparison was made with the 30-day operative mortality rates after CNS tumor surgery reported in the contemporary literature. Finally, by use of a funnel plot, institutional performance for 30-day operative mortality was compared for all units across the United Kingdom. RESULTS The overall 30-day operative mortality rate for children undergoing CNS tumor surgery in the United Kingdom during the study period was 2.7%. When only malignant CNS tumors were analyzed, the rate increased to 3.5%. One third of the deaths occurred after discharge from the hospital in which the surgery had been performed. The highest 30-day operative mortality rate (19%) was for patients with choroid plexus carcinomas. A total of 20 institutions performed CNS tumor surgery during the study period. Rates for all institutions fell within 2 SDs. No trend associating operative mortality rates and institutional volume was found. In comparison, review of the contemporary literature suggests that the postoperative mortality rate should be approximately 1%. CONCLUSIONS The authors believe this to be the first report of national 30-day surgical mortality rates specifically for children with CNS tumors. The study raises questions about the 30-day mortality rate among children undergoing surgery for CNS tumors. International consensus should be reached on a minimum data set for outcomes and should include 30-day operative mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roddy O'Kane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Solheim O, Jakola AS, Gulati S, Johannesen TB. Incidence and causes of perioperative mortality after primary surgery for intracranial tumors: a national, population-based study. J Neurosurg 2012; 116:825-34. [PMID: 22224790 DOI: 10.3171/2011.12.jns11339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Surgical mortality is a frequent outcome measure in studies of volume-outcome relationships, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has endorsed surgical mortality after craniotomies as an Inpatient Quality Indicator. Still, the frequency and causes of 30-day mortality after neurosurgical procedures have not been much explored. The authors sought to study the frequency and possible causes of death following primary intracranial tumor operations. They also sought to explore a possible predictive value of perioperative mortality rates from neurosurgical centers in relation to long-term survival. METHODS Using population-based data from the Norwegian cancer registry, the authors identified 15,918 primary operations for primary CNS tumors treated in Norway in the period from August 1955 through December 2008. Patients were followed up until death, emigration, or September 2009. Causes of mortality as indicated on death certificates were studied. Factors associated with an increased risk of perioperative death were identified. RESULTS The overall risk of perioperative death after first-time surgery for primary intracranial tumors is currently 2.2% and has decreased over the last decades. An age ≥ 70 years and histopathological entities with poor long-term prognoses are risk factors. Overlapping lesions are also associated with excess risk, indicating that lesion size or multifocality may matter. The overall risk of perioperative death is also higher in biopsy cases than in resection cases. Perioperative mortality rates of the 4 Norwegian neurosurgical centers were not predictive of their respective long-term survival rates. CONCLUSIONS Although considered surgically related if they occur within the first 30 days of surgery, most early postoperative deaths can happen independent of the handiwork of the operating surgeon or anesthesiologist. Overall prognosis of the disease seems to be a strong predictor of perioperative death-perhaps not surprisingly since the 30-day mortality rate is merely the intonation of the Kaplan-Meier curve. Both referral and treatment policies at a neurosurgical center will therefore markedly affect such early outcomes, but early deaths may not necessarily reflect overall quality of care or long-term results. The low incidence of perioperative death in intracranial tumor surgery also greatly limits the statistical power in comparative analyses, such as between published patient series or between centers and certainly between surgeons. Therefore the authors question the value of perioperative mortality rates as a quality indicator in modern neurosurgery for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Solheim
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
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Khaldi A, Helo N, Schneck MJ, Origitano TC. Venous thromboembolism: deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a neurosurgical population. J Neurosurg 2011; 114:40-6. [DOI: 10.3171/2010.8.jns10332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a combination of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a major cause of morbidity and death in neurosurgical patients. This study evaluates 1) the risk of developing lower-extremity DVT following a neurosurgical procedure; 2) the timing of initiation of pharmacological DVT prophylaxis upon the occurrence of VTE; and 3) the relationship between DVT and PE as related to VTE prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients.
Methods
The records of all neurosurgical patients between January 2006 and December 2008 (2638 total) were reviewed for clinical documentation of VTE. As part of a quality improvement initiative, a subgroup of 1638 patients was studied during the implementation of pharmacological prophylaxis. A high-risk group of 555 neurosurgical patients in the intensive care unit underwent surveillance venous lower-extremity duplex ultrasonography studies twice weekly. All patients throughout the review received mechanical DVT prophylaxis. Pharmacological DVT prophylaxis, consisting of 5000 U of subcutaneous heparin twice daily (initially started within 48 hours of a neurosurgical procedure and subsequently within 24 hours of a procedure) was implemented in combination with mechanical prophylaxis. The DVT and PE rates were calculated for each group.
Results
In the surveillance group (555 patients), 84% of the DVTs occurred within 1 week and 92% within 2 weeks of a neurosurgical procedure. There was a linear correlation between the duration of surgery and DVT development. The use of subcutaneous heparin reduced the rate of DVT from 16% to 9% when medication was given at either 24 or 48 hours postoperatively, without any increase in hemorrhagic complications. In the overall group (2638 patients), there were 94 patients who exhibited clinical signs of a possible PE and therefore underwent spiral CT; 22 of these patients (0.8%) had radiological confirmation of PE. There was no correlation between the use of pharmacological prophylaxis at either time point and the occurrence of PE, despite a 43% reduction in the lower-extremity DVT rate with pharmacological intervention.
Conclusions
The majority of DVTs occurred within the first week after a neurosurgical procedure. There was a linear correlation between the duration of surgery and DVT occurrence. Use of early subcutaneous heparin (at either 24 or 48 hours) was associated with a 43% reduction of developing a lower-extremity DVT, without an increase in surgical site hemorrhage. There was no association of pharmacological prophylaxis with overall PE occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J. Schneck
- 1Departments of Neurological Surgery and
- 2Neurology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
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