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Ganguly K, Adhikary K, Acharjee A, Acharjee P, Trigun SK, Mutlaq AS, Ashique S, Yasmin S, Alshahrani AM, Ansari MY. Biological significance and pathophysiological role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Central Nervous System. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135967. [PMID: 39322129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are endopeptidase reliant on zinc, are low in embryonic tissues but increases in response to a variety of physiological stimulus and pathological stresses. Neuro-glial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and leucocytes secrete MMPs, which cleave extracellular matrix proteins in a time-dependent manner. MMPs affect synaptic plasticity and the development of short-term memory by controlling the size, shape, and excitatory synapses' function through the lateral diffusion of receptors. In addition, MMPs influence the Extracellular Matrix proteins in the Peri-Neuronal Net at the Neuro-glial interface, which aids in the establishment of long-term memory. Through modulating neuronal, and glial cells migration, differentiation, Neurogenesis, and survival, MMPs impact brain development in mammals. In adult brains, MMPs play a beneficial role in physiological plasticity, which includes learning, memory consolidation, social interaction, and complex behaviors, by proteolytically altering a wide variety of factors, including growth factors, cytokines, receptors, DNA repair enzymes, and matrix proteins. Additionally, stress, depression, addiction, hepatic encephalopathy, and stroke may all have negative effects on MMPs. In addition to their role in glioblastoma development, MMPs influence neurological diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, brain damage, pain, neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. To help shed light on the potential of MMPs as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, this review summarizes their regulation, mode of action, and participation in brain physiological plasticity and pathological damage. Finally, by employing different MMP-based nanotools and inhibitors, MMPs may also be utilized to map the anatomical and functional connectome of the brain, analyze its secretome, and treat neurodegenerative illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Ganguly
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Paramedical College Durgapur, Helen Keller Sarani, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India.
| | - Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Paramedical College Durgapur, Helen Keller Sarani, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Arup Acharjee
- Bichemistry Section, Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Papia Acharjee
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | | | - Sumel Ashique
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asma M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Yousuf Ansari
- MM college of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India.
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Colombo E, Bacigaluppi M, Bartoccetti M, Triolo D, Bassani C, Bergamaschi A, Descamps HC, Gullotta GS, Henley M, Piccoli M, Anastasia L, Pitt D, Newcombe J, Martino G, Farina C. Astrocyte TrkB promotes brain injury and edema formation in ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 201:106670. [PMID: 39303814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Following ischemic stroke astrocytes undergo rapid molecular and functional changes that may accentuate tissue damage. In this study we identified the neurotrophin receptor TrkB in astrocytes as a key promoter of acute CNS injury in ischemic stroke. In fact, TrkB protein was strongly upregulated in astrocytes after human and experimental stroke, and transgenic mice lacking astrocyte TrkB displayed significantly smaller lesion volume, lower brain atrophy and better motor performance than control animals after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neuropathological studies evidenced that edema directly correlated with astrogliosis and was limited in transgenic mice. Importantly, adaptive levels of the water channel AQP4 was astrocyte TrkB-dependent as AQP4 upregulation after stroke did not occur in mice lacking astrocyte TrkB. In vitro experiments with wild-type and/or TrkB-deficient astrocytes highlighted TrkB-dependent upregulation of AQP4 via activation of HIF1-alpha under hypoxia. Collectively, our observations indicate that TrkB signaling in astrocytes contributes to the development of edema and worsens cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Colombo
- Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bacigaluppi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Bartoccetti
- Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Triolo
- Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bassani
- Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bergamaschi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Hélène C Descamps
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Serena Gullotta
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Henley
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - David Pitt
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jia Newcombe
- NeuroResource, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Alhadidi QM, Bahader GA, Arvola O, Kitchen P, Shah ZA, Salman MM. Astrocytes in functional recovery following central nervous system injuries. J Physiol 2024; 602:3069-3096. [PMID: 37702572 PMCID: PMC11421637 DOI: 10.1113/jp284197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognised as partaking in complex homeostatic mechanisms critical for regulating neuronal plasticity following central nervous system (CNS) insults. Ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Depending on the context and type of injury, reactive astrocytes respond with diverse morphological, proliferative and functional changes collectively known as astrogliosis, which results in both pathogenic and protective effects. There is a large body of research on the negative consequences of astrogliosis following brain injuries. There is also growing interest in how astrogliosis might in some contexts be protective and help to limit the spread of the injury. However, little is known about how astrocytes contribute to the chronic functional recovery phase following traumatic and ischaemic brain insults. In this review, we explore the protective functions of astrocytes in various aspects of secondary brain injury such as oedema, inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. We also discuss the current knowledge on astrocyte contribution to tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, dendrogenesis and axogenesis. Finally, we discuss diverse astrocyte-related factors that, if selectively targeted, could form the basis of astrocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies to better address currently untreatable CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim M Alhadidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Yarmok University College, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Oiva Arvola
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Jorvi Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Huang W, Ma L, Yan J, Hu W, Liu G, Wang R, Zhang J. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging reveals abnormal white matter and glymphatic function in active young boxers. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:975-986. [PMID: 38956796 PMCID: PMC11235717 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The neurological effects and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of sports-related concussion (SRC) in active young boxers remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the impairment of white matter microstructure and assess changes in glymphatic function following SRC by utilizing neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) on young boxers who have sustained SRC. A total of 60 young participants were recruited, including 30 boxers diagnosed with SRC and 30 healthy individuals engaging in regular exercise. The assessment of whole-brain white matter damage was conducted using diffusion metrics, while the evaluation of glymphatic function was performed through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index. A two-sample t-test was utilized to examine group differences in DTI and NODDI metrics. Spearman correlation and generalized linear mixed models were employed to investigate the relationship between clinical assessments of SRC and NODDI measurements. Significant alterations were observed in DTI and NODDI metrics among young boxers with SRC. Additionally, the DTI-ALPS index in the SRC group exhibited a significantly higher value than that of the control group (left side: 1.58 vs. 1.48, PFDR = 0.009; right side: 1.61 vs. 1.51, PFDR = 0.02). Moreover, it was observed that the DTI-ALPS index correlated with poorer cognitive test results among boxers in this study population. Repetitive SRC in active young boxers is associated with diffuse white matter injury and glymphatic dysfunction, highlighting the detrimental impact on brain health. These findings highlight the importance of long-term monitoring of the neurological health of boxers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Huang
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
- Second Clinical SchoolLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Laiyang Ma
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
- Second Clinical SchoolLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jiahao Yan
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
- Second Clinical SchoolLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wanjun Hu
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
- Second Clinical SchoolLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
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Zhu W, Shen Y, Zhao H, Tang Y, Wang X, Li S. Predicting postoperative delirium after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Neurol Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38909321 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2370730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Known as a major surgical complication, postoperative delirium (POD) has not been well studied in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between perioperative clinical characteristics and the occurrence of POD. METHODS Patients' demographic characteristics and perioperative testing data were collected. Binary logistic regression was conducted for assessing related risk factors. A nomogram was developed to predict the occurrence of POD after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) in patients with ICAS. RESULTS The occurrence of POD in this study was 30.67%. Among all the clinical and laboratory characteristics in patients, age (OR = 1.234, 95%CI = 1.004-1.517, p = 0.046), gender (OR = 5.676, 95%CI = 1.028-31.334, p = 0.046), preoperative MMSE scores (OR = 2.298, 95%CI = 1.005-5.259, p = 0.049), the degree of stenosis (OR = 6.294, 95%CI = 1.043-37.974, p = 0.045), operating time (OR = 1.088, 95%CI = 1.023-1.157, p = 0.006), and HbA1c levels (OR = 2.226, 95%CI = 1.199-4.130, p = 0.011) were the independent risk factors. CONCLUSION Male patients with advanced-age, lower preoperative MMSE scores, severe stenosis, longer operating time, and higher HbA1c levels are closely related to POD after PTAS. Fully perioperative assessments may play an important role in predicting the occurrence of POD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiman Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinda Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Dithmer S, Blasig IE, Fraser PA, Qin Z, Haseloff RF. The Basic Requirement of Tight Junction Proteins in Blood-Brain Barrier Function and Their Role in Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5601. [PMID: 38891789 PMCID: PMC11172262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the role of tight junction proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Their expression is described, and their role in physiological and pathological processes at the BBB is discussed. Based on this, new approaches are depicted for paracellular drug delivery and diagnostics in the treatment of cerebral diseases. Recent data provide convincing evidence that, in addition to its impairment in the course of diseases, the BBB could be involved in the aetiology of CNS disorders. Further progress will be expected based on new insights in tight junction protein structure and in their involvement in signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dithmer
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (I.E.B.)
| | - Ingolf E. Blasig
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (I.E.B.)
| | | | - Zhihai Qin
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Reiner F. Haseloff
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (I.E.B.)
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Hossain MI, Haque M, Akter M, Sharmin S, Ahmed A. Blood-brain barrier disruption and edema formation due to prolonged starvation in wild-type mice. Brain Circ 2024; 10:145-153. [PMID: 39036296 PMCID: PMC11259321 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_88_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different types of diseases have been treated by restricted caloric intake or fasting. Although during this long time, fasting protective measures, for example, supplements, are given to the patients to protect vital organs such as the liver and kidney, little attention is given to the brain. The current research aims to investigate hypoglycemia due to prolonged fasting disrupts blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques were used to examine the expression of different genes. Evans blue extravasation and wet-dry technique were performed to evaluate the integrity of BBB and the formation of brain edema, respectively. RESULTS We confirmed that hypoglycemia affected mice fasting brain by examining the increased expression of glucose transporter protein 1 and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. We subsequently found downregulated expression of some genes, which are involved in maintaining BBB such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in astrocytes and claudin-5 (a vital component of BBB) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR1) in endothelial cells by ISH. We also found that prolonged fasting caused the brain endothelial cells to express lipocalin-2, an inflammatory marker of brain endothelial cells. We performed Evans blue extravasation to show more dye was retained in the brain of fasted mice than in control mice as a result of BBB disruption. Finally, wet-dry method showed that the brain of prolonged fasted mice contained significantly higher amount of water confirming the formation of brain edema. Therefore, special attention should be given to the brain during treatment with prolonged fasting for various diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that hypoglycemia due to prolonged fasting disrupts BBB and produces brain edema in wild-type mice, highlighting the importance of brain health during treatment with prolonged fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ibrahim Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mehjabeen Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maria Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Sharmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Kang J, Tian S, Zhang L, Yang G. Ferroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage: review of literature. Chin Neurosurg J 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38347652 PMCID: PMC10863120 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-024-00357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), mainly caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms, is a serious acute cerebrovascular disease. Early brain injury (EBI) is all brain injury occurring within 72 h after SAH, mainly including increased intracranial pressure, decreased cerebral blood flow, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, brain edema, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. It activates cell death pathways, leading to neuronal and glial cell death, and is significantly associated with poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and is involved in the process of neuron and glial cell death in early brain injury. This paper reviews the research progress of ferroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage and provides new ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Kang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shilai Tian
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Gang Yang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China.
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Tarudji AW, Gee CC, Miller HA, Steffen R, Curtis ET, Priester AM, Convertine AJ, Kievit FM. Antioxidant theranostic copolymer-mediated reduction in oxidative stress following traumatic brain injury improves outcome in a mouse model. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2300147. [PMID: 38464558 PMCID: PMC10923536 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products (LPOx) are generated and lead to secondary injury beyond the primary insult. A major limitation of current treatments is poor target engagement, which has prevented success in clinical trials. Thus, nanoparticle-based treatments have received recent attention because of their ability to increase accumulation and retention in damaged brain. Theranostic neuroprotective copolymers (NPC3) containing thiol functional groups can neutralize ROS and LPOx. Immediate administration of NPC3 following injury in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model provides a therapeutic window in reducing ROS levels at 2.08-20.83 mg/kg in males and 5.52-27.62 mg/kg in females. This NPC3-mediated reduction in oxidative stress improves spatial learning and memory in males, while females show minimal improvement. Notably, NPC3-mediated reduction in oxidative stress prevents the bilateral spread of necrosis in male mice, which was not observed in female mice and likely accounts for the sex-based spatial learning and memory differences. Overall, these findings suggest sex-based differences to oxidative stress scavenger nanoparticle treatments, and a possible upper threshold of antioxidant activity that provides therapeutic benefit in injured brain since female mice benefit from NPC3 treatment to a lesser extent than male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Connor C Gee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Rylie Steffen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Evan T Curtis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Aaron M Priester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 223 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Anthony J Convertine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 223 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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Wu PZ, Yao J, Meng B, Qin YB, Cao S. Blood-nerve barrier enhances chronic postsurgical pain via the HIF-1α/ aquaporin-1 signaling axis. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:381. [PMID: 37990154 PMCID: PMC10662690 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood nerve barrier (BNB) participates in the development of neuropathic pain. AQP1 is involved in peripheral pain perception and is negatively correlated with HIF-1α phenotype, which regulates endothelial permeability. However, the role of HIF-1α-AQP1-mediated BNB dysfunction in Chronic Postsurgical Pain (CPSP) has not been reported. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups: (i) Naive group; (ii) Sham group; (iii) SMIR group: skin/muscle incision and retraction for one hour. Behavioral tests were performed for the three groups, BNB vascular permeability and western blotting were conducted to determine HIF-1α and AQP1 protein expression. (iv) The SMIR + HIF-1α inhibitor group; (v) SMIR + DMSO group. Rats in the two groups were administered with HIF-1α inhibitor (2ME2) or DMSO intraperitoneally on the third day post-SMIR surgery followed by performance of behavioral tests, BNB permeability assessment, and determination of HIF-1α, AQP1 and NF200 protein levels. RESULTS The permeability of BNB was significantly increased and the expression of AQP1 was downregulated on the 3rd and 7th days post-operation. AQP1 is mainly located in neurons and NF200, CGRP-positive nerve fibers. HIF-1α was highly expressed on the third day post-operation. HIF-1α inhibitor reversed the decrease in AQP1 expression and increase in NF200 expression, barrier permeability and hyperalgesia induced by SMIR on the 3rd day post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS Early dysfunction of BNB mediated by HIF-1α/AQP1 activated by SMIR may be an important mechanism to promote acute postoperative painful transformation of CPSP. Preadaptive protection of endothelial cells around nerve substructures may be an important countermeasure to inhibit CPSP transformation. Early impairment of BNB function mediated by HIF-1α/AQP1 activated by SMIR may be an important mechanism for promoting acute postoperative pain transformation of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Zhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Bin Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Bower WA, Yu Y, Person MK, Parker CM, Kennedy JL, Sue D, Hesse EM, Cook R, Bradley J, Bulitta JB, Karchmer AW, Ward RM, Cato SG, Stephens KC, Hendricks KA. CDC Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax, 2023. MMWR Recomm Rep 2023; 72:1-47. [PMID: 37963097 PMCID: PMC10651316 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7206a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This report updates previous CDC guidelines and recommendations on preferred prevention and treatment regimens regarding naturally occurring anthrax. Also provided are a wide range of alternative regimens to first-line antimicrobial drugs for use if patients have contraindications or intolerances or after a wide-area aerosol release of Bacillus anthracis spores if resources become limited or a multidrug-resistant B. anthracis strain is used (Hendricks KA, Wright ME, Shadomy SV, et al.; Workgroup on Anthrax Clinical Guidelines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expert panel meetings on prevention and treatment of anthrax in adults. Emerg Infect Dis 2014;20:e130687; Meaney-Delman D, Rasmussen SA, Beigi RH, et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:885-900; Bradley JS, Peacock G, Krug SE, et al. Pediatric anthrax clinical management. Pediatrics 2014;133:e1411-36). Specifically, this report updates antimicrobial drug and antitoxin use for both postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and treatment from these previous guidelines best practices and is based on systematic reviews of the literature regarding 1) in vitro antimicrobial drug activity against B. anthracis; 2) in vivo antimicrobial drug efficacy for PEP and treatment; 3) in vivo and human antitoxin efficacy for PEP, treatment, or both; and 4) human survival after antimicrobial drug PEP and treatment of localized anthrax, systemic anthrax, and anthrax meningitis. Changes from previous CDC guidelines and recommendations include an expanded list of alternative antimicrobial drugs to use when first-line antimicrobial drugs are contraindicated or not tolerated or after a bioterrorism event when first-line antimicrobial drugs are depleted or ineffective against a genetically engineered resistant B. anthracis strain. In addition, these updated guidelines include new recommendations regarding special considerations for the diagnosis and treatment of anthrax meningitis, including comorbid, social, and clinical predictors of anthrax meningitis. The previously published CDC guidelines and recommendations described potentially beneficial critical care measures and clinical assessment tools and procedures for persons with anthrax, which have not changed and are not addressed in this update. In addition, no changes were made to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for use of anthrax vaccine (Bower WA, Schiffer J, Atmar RL, et al. Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2019. MMWR Recomm Rep 2019;68[No. RR-4]:1-14). The updated guidelines in this report can be used by health care providers to prevent and treat anthrax and guide emergency preparedness officials and planners as they develop and update plans for a wide-area aerosol release of B. anthracis.
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Do PT, Chuang DM, Wu CC, Huang CZ, Chen YH, Kang SJ, Chiang YH, Hu CJ, Chen KY. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing FGF21 Preserve Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01196-8. [PMID: 37783839 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a prominent pathophysiological mechanism in stroke. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) preserves BBB integrity following ischemic stroke. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been shown to be a potent neuroprotective agent that reduces neuroinflammation and protects against BBB leakage. In this study, we assessed the effects of transplantation of MSCs overexpressing FGF21 (MSCs-FGF21) on ischemia-induced neurological deficits and BBB breakdown. MSCs-FGF21 was injected into the rat brain via the intracerebroventricular route 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. The behavioral performance was assessed using modified neurological severity scores and Y-maze tests. BBB disruption was measured using Evans blue staining, IgG extravasation, and brain water content. The levels of tight junction proteins, aquaporin 4, and neuroinflammatory markers were analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was determined using gelatin zymography. At day-5 after MCAO surgery, intraventricular injection of MSCs-FGF21 was found to significantly mitigate the neurological deficits and BBB disruption. The MCAO-induced loss of tight junction proteins, including ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5, and upregulation of the edema inducer, aquaporin 4, were also remarkably inhibited. In addition, brain infarct volume, pro-inflammatory protein expression, and MMP-9 activation were effectively suppressed. These MCAO-induced changes were only marginally improved by treatment with MSCs-mCherry, which did not overexpress FGF21. Overexpression of FGF21 dramatically improved the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in treating ischemic stroke. Given its multiple benefits and long therapeutic window, MSC-FGF21 therapy may be a promising treatment strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Do
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - De-Maw Chuang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chung-Che Wu
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Zong Huang
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- The PhD Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Chen
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Jhen Kang
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- The PhD Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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Zhao K, Wang P, Tang X, Chang N, Shi H, Guo L, Wang B, Yang P, Zhu T, Zhao X. The mechanisms of minocycline in alleviating ischemic stroke damage and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175903. [PMID: 37422120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a group of diseases resulting from cerebral vascular rupture or obstruction and subsequent brain blood circulation disorder, leading to rapid neurological deficits. Ischemic stroke accounts for the majority of all stroke cases. The current treatments for ischemic stroke mainly include t-PA thrombolytic therapy and surgical thrombectomy. However, these interventions aimed at recanalizing cerebral vessels can paradoxically lead to ischemia-reperfusion injury, which exacerbates the severity of brain damage. Minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, has been shown to possess a wide range of neuroprotective effects independent of its antibacterial activity. Here we summarize the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of minocycline against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury based on the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, including its modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, excitotoxicity, programmed cell death and blood-brain barrier injury, and also introduce the role of minocycline in alleviating stroke-related complications, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of minocycline in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemeng Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; College of First Clinical, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Na Chang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haonan Shi
- Sanquan Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Longfei Guo
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Yang L, Fu Q, Yang L, Zhang Y. HIF-1α/MMP-9 promotes spinal cord central sensitization in rats with bone cancer pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 954:175858. [PMID: 37356787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most prevalent and serious symptoms of patients with cancer. Currently, the medical interventions used for the treatment of BCP do not act with optimal safety and efficacy. In this study, we appraised whether the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)/metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) axis activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, resulting in elevated spinal cord central sensitization and aggravated BCP. BCP rats were established by tibial injection of Walker 256 cells, followed by different interventions in rats using HIF-1ɑ inhibitor LW6 or antibody treatments. After treatment with LW6 or antibody against HIF-1α, central sensitization in the spinal cord tissues of rats was inhibited, and pain perception in rats was reduced. Moreover, the activation of glial cells in the spinal cord tissues was ameliorated. The expression of MMP9 was remarkably suppressed in spinal cord tissues after inhibition of HIF-1ɑ activity, and the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited. Further activation of MMP9 expression suppressed the alleviating effect of HIF-1ɑ inhibitor LW6 or antibody on pain perception in rats inoculated with tumors. Taken together, our studies suggest a HIF-1α/MMP9-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT in the spinal cord tissues, resulting in increased pain perception in a rat model with BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liqing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110003, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110003, Liaoning, PR China.
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Freire MAM, Rocha GS, Bittencourt LO, Falcao D, Lima RR, Cavalcanti JRLP. Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury: What Have We Learned So Far? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1139. [PMID: 37627023 PMCID: PMC10452099 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of long-lasting morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a devastating condition related to the impairment of the nervous system after an external traumatic event resulting in transitory or permanent functional disability, with a significant burden to the healthcare system. Harmful events underlying TBI can be classified into two sequential stages, primary and secondary, which are both associated with breakdown of the tissue homeostasis due to impairment of the blood-brain barrier, osmotic imbalance, inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and apoptotic cell death, ultimately resulting in a loss of tissue functionality. The present study provides an updated review concerning the roles of brain edema, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress on brain changes resulting from a TBI. The proper characterization of the phenomena resulting from TBI can contribute to the improvement of care, rehabilitation and quality of life of the affected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio M. Freire
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sousa Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Daniel Falcao
- VCU Health Systems, Virginia Commonwealth University, 23219 Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Jose Rodolfo Lopes P. Cavalcanti
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59607-360, RN, Brazil
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Li X, Zeng L, Lu X, Chen K, Yu M, Wang B, Zhao M. Early Brain Injury and Neuroprotective Treatment after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Literature Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1083. [PMID: 37509013 PMCID: PMC10376973 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) subsequent to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is strongly associated with delayed cerebral ischemia and poor patient prognosis. Based on investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying EBI, neurovascular dysfunction resulting from SAH can be attributed to a range of pathological processes, such as microvascular alterations in brain tissue, ionic imbalances, blood-brain barrier disruption, immune-inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and activation of cell death pathways. Research progress presents a variety of promising therapeutic approaches for the preservation of neurological function following SAH, including calcium channel antagonists, endothelin-1 receptor blockers, antiplatelet agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-oxidative stress agents. EBI can be mitigated following SAH through neuroprotective measures. To enhance our comprehension of the relevant molecular pathways involved in brain injury, including brain ischemia-hypoxic injury, neuroimmune inflammation activation, and the activation of various cell-signaling pathways, following SAH, it is essential to investigate the evolution of these multifaceted pathophysiological processes. Facilitating neural repair following a brain injury is critical for improving patient survival rates and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lang Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuanzhen Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Maling Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Dai Z, Yang Z, Li Z, Li M, Sun H, Zhuang Z, Yang W, Hu Z, Chen X, Lin D, Wu X. Increased glymphatic system activity in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1148878. [PMID: 37251219 PMCID: PMC10213560 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1148878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the glymphatic system activity changes in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), particularly in MRI-negative patients, using analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) technology. Methods A total of 161 mTBI patients (age: 15-92 years old) and 28 healthy controls (age: 15-84 years old) were included in this retrospective study. The mTBI patients were divided into MRI-negative and MRI-positive groups. ALPS index was calculated automatically using whole-brain T1-MPRAGE imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. The Student's t and chi-squared tests were performed to compare the ALPS index, age, gender, course of disease, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score between groups. Correlations among ALPS index, age, course of disease and GCS score were computed using Spearman's correlation analysis. Results Increased activity of the glymphatic system was suggested in mTBI patients based on ALPS index analysis, including the MRI-negative patients. There was a significant negative correlation between the ALPS index and age. In addition, a weak positive correlation between the ALPS index and course of disease was also observed. On the contrary, there was no significant correlation between the ALPS index and sex nor between the ALPS index and GCS score. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the activity level of the glymphatic system was enhanced in mTBI patients, even when their brain MRI scans were negative. These findings may provide novel insights for understanding the pathophysiology of mild TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhi Dai
- Department of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaolin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongfu Sun
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zerui Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weichao Yang
- Department of Radiology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehuan Hu
- Department of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daiying Lin
- Department of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianheng Wu
- Department of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Wang M, Yu X, Li B, Gao C, Chen Y, Zhang X, Li W, Yang L, Fan Z. miR-211-5p targeting MMP9 regulates the expressions of AQP4 in traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurol Belg 2023:10.1007/s13760-023-02205-1. [PMID: 37020131 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The abnormal expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) closely associates with the traumatic brain injury (TBI) development. METHODS Here, we investigated the relationship between miR-211-5p and MMP9/AQP4 axis in TBI patients and astrocyte cells. Demographics, clinical features, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients (n = 96) and controls (n = 30) for pathological and gene expression analyses. Luciferase activity assay and gene expression analyses were performed to dissect the regulatory mechanism of miR-211-5p on MMP9/AQP4 in human astrocyte cells. RESULTS miR-211-5p mRNA was significantly decreased in the CSF of TBI patients, which positively correlated with the expression of both MMP9 and AQP4. miR-211-5p could target MMP9 directly in SVG P12 cells. Overexpression of miR-211-5p decreased the expression of MMP9, on the contrary, knockdown miR-211-5p through inhibitors increased the expression of both MMP9 and AQP4. CONCLUSION miR-211-5p inhibits the MMP9/AQP4 axis in human astrocyte cells, which represents a promising approach for the TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, North China Oilfield General Hospital, Renqiu, 062552, Hebei, China
| | - Chensong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Wenling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhenzeng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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Whitehead B, Velazquez-Cruz R, Albowaidey A, Zhang N, Karelina K, Weil ZM. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Time- and Sex-Dependent Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Stroke Vulnerability. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:578-591. [PMID: 36322789 PMCID: PMC9986031 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) produces subtle cerebrovascular impairments that persist over time and promote increased ischemic stroke vulnerability. We recently established a role for vascular impairments in exacerbating stroke outcomes 1 week after TBI, but there is a lack of research regarding long-term impacts of mTBI-induced vascular dysfunction, as well as a significant need to understand how mTBI promotes stroke vulnerability in both males and females. Here, we present data using a mild closed head TBI model and an experimental stroke occurring either 7 or 28 days later in both male and female mice. We report that mTBI induces larger stroke volumes 7 days after injury, however, this increased vulnerability to stroke persists out to 28 days in female but not male mice. Importantly, mTBI-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, intravascular coagulation, angiogenic factors, total vascular area, and glial expression were differentially altered across time and by sex. Taken together, these data suggest that mTBI can result in persistent cerebrovascular dysfunction and increased susceptibility to worsened ischemic outcomes, although these dysfunctions occur differently in male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ruth Velazquez-Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ali Albowaidey
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Zachary M. Weil
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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20
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Jia H, Chen Y, Wang Y, Jia L, Tian Y, Jiang H. The neuroprotective effect of electro-acupuncture on cognitive recovery for patients with mild traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32885. [PMID: 36820591 PMCID: PMC9907991 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem that affects all societies. Consciousness disorder is a common complication after TBI while there is still no effective treatment currently. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on cognitive recovery for patients with mild TBI. METHODS A total of 83 patients with initial Glasgow coma scale score higher than 12 points were assigned into this study. Then patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: EA group and control group (group C). Patients in group EA received EA treatment at Neiguan and Shuigou for 2 weeks. At 0 minute before EA treatment (T1), 0 minute after EA treatment (T2), and 8 weeks after EA treatment (T3), level of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and malondialdehyde were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The score of Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment (MoCA) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) as well as cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) were detected at the same time. RESULTS Compared with the baseline at T1, the level of NSE, GFAP, HIF-1α, MDA, and rSO2 decreased, and the score of MoCA and MMSE increased in the 2 groups were significantly increased at T2-3 (P < .05). Compared with group C, the level of NSE, GFAP, HIF-1α, MDA, and rSO2 decreased, and the score of MoCA and MMSE increased were significantly increased at T2-3 in group EA; the difference were statistically significant (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS EA treatment could improve the cognitive recovery for patients with mild TBI and the potential mechanism may be related to improving cerebral hypoxia and alleviating brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei, China
- * Correspondence: Haokun Jia, Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 50, Xinhua West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061017, China (e-mail: )
| | - Yonghan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei, China
| | - Linwei Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei, China
| | - Yaohui Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei, China
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21
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Xu X, Yang M, Zhang B, Dong J, Zhuang Y, Ge Q, Niu F, Liu B. HIF-1α participates in secondary brain injury through regulating neuroinflammation. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220272. [PMID: 36815939 PMCID: PMC9921917 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of secondary brain injury induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI) will greatly advance the development of effective treatments for patients with TBI. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a central regulator of cellular response to hypoxia. In addition, growing evidence shows that HIF-1α plays the important role in TBI-induced changes in biological processes; however, detailed functional mechanisms are not completely known. The aim of the present work was to further explore HIF-1α-mediated events after TBI. To this end, next-generation sequencing, coupled with cellular and molecular analysis, was adopted to interrogate vulnerable events in a rat controlled cortical impact model of TBI. The results demonstrated that TBI induced accumulation of HIF-1α at the peri-injury site at 24 h post-injury, which was associated with neuronal loss. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis unveiled that neuroinflammation, especially an innate inflammatory response, was significantly evoked by TBI, which could be attenuated by the inhibition of HIF-1α. Furthermore, the inhibition of HIF-1α could mitigate the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Taken together, all these data implied that HIF-1α might contribute to secondary brain injury through regulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengshi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jinqian Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qianqian Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Fei Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baiyun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China,Nerve Injury and Repair Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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22
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Che P, Zhang J, Yu M, Tang P, Wang Y, Lin A, Xu J, Zhang N. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide promotes synaptic plasticity by activating the Akt/ERK signaling pathway and reduces the blood-brain barrier leakage by inhibiting the HIF-1α/MMP signaling pathway in vascular dementia model mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1392-1404. [PMID: 36756709 PMCID: PMC10068471 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) exerts beneficial effects on global cognitive functions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate whether NBP mediates synaptic plasticity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, which play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VaD), in a mouse model of bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). METHODS NBP was administered to model mice at a dose of 80 mg/kg by gavage for 28 days after surgery. Cognitive function was evaluated by behavioral tests, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity was evaluated by in vivo electrophysiological recording. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), hippocampal volume, and white matter integrity were measured with laser speckle imaging (LSI) and MRI. In addition, BBB leakage and the expression of proteins related to the Akt/ERK and HIF-1α/MMP signaling pathways were assessed by biochemical assays. RESULTS NBP treatment alleviated cognitive impairment, hippocampal atrophy, and synaptic plasticity impairment induced by BCAS. In addition, NBP treatment increased CBF, promoted white matter integrity, and decreased BBB leakage. Regarding the molecular mechanisms, in mice with BCAS, NBP may activate the Akt/ERK signaling pathway, which upregulates the expression of synapse-associated proteins, and it may also inhibit the HIF-1α/MMP signaling pathway, thereby increasing the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results demonstrated the therapeutic effects of NBP in improving cognitive function via a wide range of targets in mice subjected to BCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Che
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Gucheng Hospital in Hebei Province, Hengshui, China
| | - Mingqian Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aolei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
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23
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Spang MT, Middleton R, Diaz M, Hunter J, Mesfin J, Banka A, Sullivan H, Wang R, Lazerson TS, Bhatia S, Corbitt J, D'Elia G, Sandoval-Gomez G, Kandell R, Vratsanos MA, Gnanasekaran K, Kato T, Igata S, Luo C, Osborn KG, Gianneschi NC, Eniola-Adefeso O, Cabrales P, Kwon EJ, Contijoch F, Reeves RR, DeMaria AN, Christman KL. Intravascularly infused extracellular matrix as a biomaterial for targeting and treating inflamed tissues. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:94-109. [PMID: 36581694 PMCID: PMC10166066 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix in the form of patches and locally injected hydrogels has long been used as therapies in animal models of disease. Here we report the safety and feasibility of an intravascularly infused extracellular matrix as a biomaterial for the repair of tissue in animal models of acute myocardial infarction, traumatic brain injury and pulmonary arterial hypertension. The biomaterial consists of decellularized, enzymatically digested and fractionated ventricular myocardium, localizes to injured tissues by binding to leaky microvasculature, and is largely degraded in about 3 d. In rats and pigs with induced acute myocardial infarction followed by intracoronary infusion of the biomaterial, we observed substantially reduced left ventricular volumes and improved wall-motion scores, as well as differential expression of genes associated with tissue repair and inflammation. Delivering pro-healing extracellular matrix by intravascular infusion post injury may provide translational advantages for the healing of inflamed tissues 'from the inside out'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Spang
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Middleton
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Diaz
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jervaughn Hunter
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Mesfin
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alison Banka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Holly Sullivan
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raymond Wang
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tori S Lazerson
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Saumya Bhatia
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James Corbitt
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gavin D'Elia
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gerardo Sandoval-Gomez
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Kandell
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria A Vratsanos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Gnanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sachiyo Igata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Colin Luo
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kent G Osborn
- Animal Care Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Omolola Eniola-Adefeso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ester J Kwon
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francisco Contijoch
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan R Reeves
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony N DeMaria
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen L Christman
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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24
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Mani S, Dubey R, Lai IC, Babu MA, Tyagi S, Swargiary G, Mody D, Singh M, Agarwal S, Iqbal D, Kumar S, Hamed M, Sachdeva P, Almutary AG, Albadrani HM, Ojha S, Singh SK, Jha NK. Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Neurological Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:877-912. [PMID: 37927255 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of neuronal cells. With the increase in aged population, there is a prevalence of irreversible neurodegenerative changes, causing a significant mental, social, and economic burden globally. The factors contributing to AD are multidimensional, highly complex, and not completely understood. However, it is widely known that aging, neuroinflammation, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with other free radicals, substantially contribute to oxidative stress and cell death, which are inextricably linked. While oxidative stress is undeniably important in AD, limiting free radicals and ROS levels is an intriguing and potential strategy for deferring the process of neurodegeneration and alleviating associated symptoms. Therapeutic compounds from natural sources have recently become increasingly accepted and have been effectively studied for AD treatment. These phytocompounds are widely available and a multitude of holistic therapeutic efficiencies for treating AD owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and biological activities. Some of these compounds also function by stimulating cholinergic neurotransmission, facilitating the suppression of beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1, α-synuclein, and monoamine oxidase proteins, and deterring the occurrence of AD. Additionally, various phenolic, flavonoid, and terpenoid phytocompounds have been extensively described as potential palliative agents for AD progression. Preclinical studies have shown their involvement in modulating the cellular redox balance and minimizing ROS formation, displaying them as antioxidant agents with neuroprotective abilities. This review emphasizes the mechanistic role of natural products in the treatment of AD and discusses the various pathological hypotheses proposed for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Sakshi Tyagi
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Deepansh Mody
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Shriya Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hind Muteb Albadrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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25
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Harding IC, O'Hare NR, Vigliotti M, Caraballo A, Lee CI, Millican K, Herman IM, Ebong EE. Developing a transwell millifluidic device for studying blood-brain barrier endothelium. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4603-4620. [PMID: 36326069 PMCID: PMC11416711 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cell (EC) function depends on flow conditions and on supportive cells, like pericytes and astrocytes, which have been shown to be both beneficial and detrimental for brain EC function. Most studies investigating BBB EC function lack physiological relevance, using sub-physiological shear stress magnitudes and/or omitting pericytes and astrocytes. In this study, we developed a millifluidic device compatible with standard transwell inserts to investigate BBB function. In contrast to standard polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices, this model allows for easy, reproducible shear stress exposure without common limitations of PDMS devices such as inadequate nutrient diffusion and air bubble formation. In no-flow conditions, we first used the device to examine the impact of primary human pericytes and astrocytes on human brain microvascular EC (HBMEC) barrier integrity. Astrocytes, pericytes, and a 1-to-1 ratio of both cell types increased HBMEC barrier integrity via reduced 3 and 40 kDa fluorescent dextran permeability and increased claudin-5 expression. There were differing levels of low 3 kDa permeability in HBMEC-pericyte, HBMEC-astrocyte, and HBMEC-astrocyte-pericyte co-cultures, while levels of low 40 kDa permeability were consistent across co-cultures. The 3 kDa findings suggest that pericytes provide more barrier support to the BBB model compared to astrocytes, although both supportive cell types are permeability reducers. Incorporation of 24-hour 12 dynes per cm2 flow significantly reduced dextran permeability in HBMEC monolayers, but not in the tri-culture model. These results indicate that tri-culture may exert more pronounced impact on overall BBB permeability than flow exposure. In both cases, monolayer and tri-culture, flow exposure interestingly reduced HBMEC expression of both claudin-5 and occludin. ZO-1 expression, and localization at cell-cell junctions increased in the tri-culture but exhibited no apparent change in the HBMEC monolayer. Under flow conditions, we also observed HBMEC alignment in the tri-culture but not in HBMEC monolayers, indicating supportive cells and flow are both essential to observe brain EC alignment in vitro. Collectively, these results support the necessity of physiologically relevant, multicellular BBB models when investigating BBB EC function. Consideration of the roles of shear stress and supportive cells within the BBB is critical for elucidating the physiology of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Harding
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas R O'Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mark Vigliotti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alex Caraballo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Claire I Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karina Millican
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ira M Herman
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Perdana D, Ihwan A, Zainuddin AA, Islam AA, Widodo D, Nasrullah N, Adhimarta W, Wahyudi W, Christeven R, Faruk M. The Effect of Minocycline on MMP-9 Levels in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Experimental Study in Wistar Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
The matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) inhibition is an important target in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Recent studies have shown that Minocycline may have MMP-9 inhibition activity. This study aims to determine the effect of minocycline in inhibiting MMP-9 in cases of head injury which has not been studied much.
Methods
This research was conducted using a laboratory experimental method on rats with a post-test control group design. The research was conducted at the Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University for a period of 2 weeks. The research population was rats with traumatic brain injury and rats without traumatic brain injury as controls. The sample size for each group was determined with Federer's formula, the minimum number of samples for each group was 9 experimental animals (a total of 27 mice in this study). Group 1 are control group, group 2(TBI) are rats with a traumatic brain injury, and group 3 are rats with a traumatic brain injury who was given minocycline.
Results
The mean value of MMP-9 in group 2 (TBI) was 0.610116 ng/ml compared to the control mean value of 0.519300 ng/ml. The mean value of MMP-9 in group 3 (TBI+M) was 0.552674 ng/ml. From the ANOVA test, there was a significant relationship with a p-value = 0.001 There was a statistically significant relationship between the administration of minocycline and the decrease in MMP-9 levels in traumatic brain injury in Wistar rats.
Conclusion
The level of MMP-9 in Wistar rats with traumatic brain injury who were given minocycline was shown to be significantly lower than that of those without minocycline treatment. This result showed that minocycline has the potential to inhibit the increase of MMP-9 levels in traumatic brain injury.
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27
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Laminin as a Biomarker of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption under Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126788. [PMID: 35743229 PMCID: PMC9224176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin, a non-collagenous glycoprotein present in the brain extracellular matrix, helps to maintain blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and regulation. Neuroinflammation can compromise laminin structure and function, increasing BBB permeability. The aim of this paper is to determine if neuroinflammation-induced laminin functional changes may serve as a potential biomarker of alterations in the BBB. The 38 publications included evaluated neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and laminin, and were assessed for quality and risk of bias (protocol registered in PROSPERO; CRD42020212547). We found that laminin may be a good indicator of BBB overall structural integrity, although changes in expression are dependent on the pathologic or experimental model used. In ischemic stroke, permanent vascular damage correlates with increased laminin expression (β and γ subunits), while transient damage correlates with reduced laminin expression (α subunits). Laminin was reduced in traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage studies but increased in multiple sclerosis and status epilepticus studies. Despite these observations, there is limited knowledge about the role played by different subunits or isoforms (such as 411 or 511) of laminin in maintaining structural architecture of the BBB under neuroinflammation. Further studies may clarify this aspect and the possibility of using laminin as a biomarker in different pathologies, which have alterations in BBB function in common.
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28
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Latifi M, Bagherpour F, Rahban H, Pourhossein E, Dehghani S. Brain death hormone therapy and Graft survival: A systematic review of the literature. TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tpr.2022.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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29
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Terlecki P, Przywara S, Terlecki K, Janczak D, Antkiewicz M, Zubilewicz T. Effect of Reconstructive Procedures of the Extracranial Segment of the Carotid Arteries on Damage to the Blood-Brain Barrier. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106210. [PMID: 35627746 PMCID: PMC9140649 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endarterectomy and angioplasty of the internal carotid artery are surgical measures for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Perioperative complications are caused by concomitant embolism and reperfusion syndrome leading to damage of the blood-brain barrier. METHODS The study included 88 patients divided into two groups, depending on the surgical technique used: internal carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA), 66 patients, and percutaneous carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS), 22 patients. Blood was drawn 24 h before surgery, as well as 8, 24, and 48 h post-surgery. The assessment of damage to the blood-brain barrier was based on the evaluation of the concentration of claudin-1 and occludin, aquaporin-4, the measurements of the activity of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9), and the assessment of central nervous system damage, measured by changes in the blood S100β protein concentration. RESULTS A significant increase in the concentration of the blood-brain barrier damage markers and increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity were found in patient blood. The degree of damage to the blood-brain barrier was higher in the CEA group. CONCLUSIONS The authors' own research has indicated that revascularization of the internal carotid artery may lead to damage to the central nervous system secondary to damage to the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Terlecki
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-078 Lublin, Poland; (P.T.); (S.P.); (T.Z.)
| | - Stanisław Przywara
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-078 Lublin, Poland; (P.T.); (S.P.); (T.Z.)
| | - Karol Terlecki
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-078 Lublin, Poland; (P.T.); (S.P.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dariusz Janczak
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University in Wroclaw, 50-355 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Maciej Antkiewicz
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University in Wroclaw, 50-355 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Tomasz Zubilewicz
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-078 Lublin, Poland; (P.T.); (S.P.); (T.Z.)
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Ahmadpour D, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Grange-Messent V. Effects and underlying cellular pathway involved in the impairment of the neurovascular unit following exposure of adult male mice to low doses of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate alone or in an environmental phthalate mixture. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112235. [PMID: 34678253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that adult male mice exposure to low doses of di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) impacts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and surrounding parenchyma in the medial preoptic area (mPOA), a key hypothalamic area involved in the male sexual behavior. BBB leakage was associated with a decrease in the endothelial tight junction accessory protein, zona occludens-1, and caveolae protein Cav-1, added to an inflammatory profile including glial activation accompanied by enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. As this failure of BBB functionality in the mPOA could participate, at least in part, in reported alteration of sexual behavior following DEHP exposure, we explored the cellular pathway connecting cerebral capillaries and neurons. Two-month-old C57BL/6J male mice were orally exposed for 6 weeks to DEHP alone (5 and 50 μg/kg/day) or to DEHP (5 μg/kg/day) in an environmental phthalate mixture. The presence of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor-α (ERα) were first evidenced in brain capillaries. Protein levels of AR but not of ERα were reduced in cerebral capillaries after phthalate exposure. The amounts of basement membrane and cell-matrix interaction components were decreased, while matrix metalloprotease MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were increased. Fluorojade® labelling suggested that exposure to phthalates also lead to a neurodegenerative process in the mPOA. Altogether, the data suggest that environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors such as phthalates, could alter AR/Cav-1 interaction, impacting a Cav-1/nitric oxide/MMP pathway. This would lead to disruption of the glio-neurovascular coupling which is essential to neuronal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnia Ahmadpour
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Grange-Messent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 75005, Paris, France.
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Ahmad R, Chowdhury K, Kumar S, Irfan M, Reddy GS, Akter F, Jahan D, Haque M. Diabetes Mellitus: A Path to Amnesia, Personality, and Behavior Change. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030382. [PMID: 35336756 PMCID: PMC8945557 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from a disturbance of insulin secretion, action, or both. Hyperglycemia and overproduction of superoxide induce the development and progression of chronic complications of DM. The impact of DM and its complication on the central nervous system (CNS) such as dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) still remain obscure. In dementia, there is a gradual decline in cognitive function. The incidence of dementia increases with age, and patient become socially, physically, and mentally more vulnerable and dependent. The symptoms often emerge decades after the onset of pathophysiology, thus impairing early therapeutic intervention. Most diabetic subjects who develop dementia are above the age of 65, but diabetes may also cause an increased risk of developing dementia before 65 years. Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after AD. Type 2 DM (T2DM) increases the incidence of vascular dementia (since its covers the vascular system) and AD. The functional and structural integrity of the CNS is altered in T2DM due to increased synthesis of Aβ. Additionally, hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein also results from dysregulation of various signaling cascades in T2DM, thereby causing neuronal damage and AD. There is the prospect for development of a therapy that may help prevent or halt the progress of dementia resulting from T2DM. Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly being associated with cognition dysfunction. Dementia, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease, is being recognized as comorbidities of this metabolic disorder. The progressive hallmarks of this cognitive dysfunction include mild impairment of cognition and cognitive decline. Dementia and mild impairment of cognition appear primarily in older patients. Studies on risk factors, neuropathology, and brain imaging have provided important suggestions for mechanisms that lie behind the development of dementia. It is a significant challenge to understand the disease processes related to diabetes that affect the brain and lead to dementia development. The connection between diabetes mellitus and dysfunction of cognition has been observed in many human and animal studies that have noted that mechanisms related to diabetes mellitus are possibly responsible for aggravating cognitive dysfunction. This article attempts to narrate the possible association between Type 2 diabetes and dementia, reviewing studies that have noted this association in vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease and helping to explain the potential mechanisms behind the disease process. A Google search for “Diabetes Mellitus and Dementia” was carried out. Search was also done for “Diabetes Mellitus”, “Vascular Dementia”, and “Alzheimer’s Disease”. The literature search was done using Google Scholar, Pubmed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE. Keeping in mind the increasing rate of Diabetes Mellitus, it is important to establish the Type 2 diabetes’ effect on the brain and diseases of neurodegeneration. This narrative review aims to build awareness regarding the different types of dementia and their relationship with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
| | - Kona Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh;
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, 907/A, Uvarsad Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382422, India;
| | - Mohammed Irfan
- Department of Forensics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96020-010, RS, Brazil;
| | - Govindool Sharaschandra Reddy
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Farhana Akter
- Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram 4203, Bangladesh;
| | - Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Asgar Ali Hospital, 111/1/A Distillery Road, Gandaria Beside Dhupkhola, Dhaka 1204, Bangladesh;
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or
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Xiong A, Li J, Xiong R, Xia Y, Jiang X, Cao F, Lu H, Xu J, Shan F. Inhibition of HIF-1α-AQP4 axis ameliorates brain edema and neurological functional deficits in a rat controlled cortical injury (CCI) model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2701. [PMID: 35177771 PMCID: PMC8854620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of death in young adults and children. Till now, the treatment of TBI in the short- and long-term complications is still a challenge. Our previous evidence implied aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) might be potential targets for TBI. In this study, we explored the roles of AQP4 and HIF-1α on brain edema formation, neuronal damage and neurological functional deficits after TBI using the controlled cortical injury (CCI) model. The adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham and TBI group, the latter group was further divided into neutralized-AQP4 antibody group, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) group, and their corresponding control, IgG and isotonic saline groups, respectively. Brain edema was examined by water content. Hippocampal neuronal injury was assessed by neuron loss and neuronal skeleton related protein expressions. Spatial learning and memory deficits were evaluated by Morris water maze test and memory-related proteins were detected by western blot. Our data showed that increased AQP4 protein level was closely correlated with severity of brain edema after TBI. Compared with that in the control group, both blockage of AQP4 with neutralized-AQP4 antibody and inhibition of HIF-1α with 2-ME2 for one-time treatment within 30-60 min post TBI significantly ameliorated brain edema on the 1st day post-TBI, and markedly alleviated hippocampal neuron loss and spatial learning and memory deficits on the 21st day post-TBI. In summary, our preliminary study revealed the short-term and long-term benefits of targeting HIF-1α-AQP4 axis after TBI, which may provide new clues for the selection of potential therapeutic targets for TBI in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450042, Henan, China
| | - Junxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Department of Traumatic Shock and Blood Transfusion, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Renping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yiming Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450042, Henan, China
| | - Fuyang Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450042, Henan, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing No. 7 Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450042, Henan, China.
| | - Fabo Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Yang G, Cao Y, Wang P, Mei L, Chen J, Lu W. Minocycline Pretreatment Prevents Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Septic Rats. J Surg Res 2022; 273:247-254. [PMID: 35151055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to explore the mechanism by which minocycline protects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in septic rats. METHODS A sepsis rat model was generated in healthy, male Sprague-Dawley rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated as follows: sham-operated plus normal saline (Sham + S group), CLP plus normal saline (CLP + S group), CLP plus minocycline pretreatment (CLP + M1 group), and CLP plus minocycline treatment (CLP + M2 group). Rats in the CLP + M1 group received 45 mg/kg minocycline by intraperitoneal injection every 12 h for 72 h. Rats in the Sham + S and CLP + S groups were injected with the same volume of normal saline every 12 h for 72 h. Rats in the CLP + M2 group were intraperitoneally injected with 45 mg/kg minocycline immediately after CLP and once every 12 h for 72 h. All rats were sacrificed at 72 h after operation. Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 levels, the expression of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1), and the permeability of the BBB were measured. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin was detected by Western blot. In addition, Evans blue (EB) staining, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA analysis were carried out. RESULTS Minocycline pretreatment significantly inhibited microglial activation, decreased the sepsis-induced expression of MMP-9, increased the expression of ZO-1 and occludin, and improved the permeability of the BBB. Minocycline treatment failed to inhibit microglial activation, decrease the sepsis-induced expression of MMP-9, increase the expression of ZO-1 or occluding, or improve the permeability of the BBB. CONCLUSIONS Minocycline pretreatment can effectively improve the altered permeability of the BBB caused by sepsis. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of microglial activation and MMP-9 expression and increased expression of ZO-1 and occludin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, China
| | - Yingya Cao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, China
| | - Jinbao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, China
| | - Weihua Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Dadgostar E, Rahimi S, Nikmanzar S, Nazemi S, Naderi Taheri M, Alibolandi Z, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR. Aquaporin 4 in Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Pathways to Therapeutic Target. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:860-871. [PMID: 35088218 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known as an acute degenerative pathology of the central nervous system, and has been shown to increase brain aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression. Various molecular mechanisms affect AQP4 expression, including neuronal high mobility group box 1, forkhead box O3a, vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α) sirtuin 2, NF-κB, Malat1, nerve growth factor and Angiotensin II receptor type 1. In addition, inhibition of AQP4 with FK-506, MK-801 (indirectly by targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor), inactivation of adenosine A2A receptor, levetiracetam, adjudin, progesterone, estrogen, V1aR inhibitor, hypertonic saline, erythropoietin, poloxamer 188, brilliant blue G, HIF-1alpha inhibitor, normobaric oxygen therapy, astaxanthin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, sesamin, thaliporphine, magnesium, prebiotic fiber, resveratrol and omega-3, as well as AQP4 gene silencing lead to reduced edema upon TBI. This review summarizes current knowledge and evidence on the relationship between AQP4 and TBI, and the potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Dadgostar
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Rahimi
- School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shahin Nikmanzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Nazemi
- Tracheal Disease Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Naderi Taheri
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Alibolandi
- Anatomical Science Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li G, Duan L, Yang F, Yang L, Deng Y, Yu Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Curcumin suppress inflammatory response in traumatic brain injury via p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1326-1337. [PMID: 35080289 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common disease worldwide with a high mortality and disability rate and is closely related to the inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanisms during the pathophysiological responses are not completely understood. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of curcumin on TBI and the molecular mechanisms of the p38/MAPK signal pathway. We found that curcumin remarkably ameliorated secondary brain injury after TBI, including effects on the neurological severity score and inflammation. After injection of curcumin, the neurological function score of mice decreased significantly. Curcumin exhibited antiinflammatory pharmacological effects, as reflected by inhibition of inflammatory factors (e.g., interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α). Additionally, curcumin notably reduced the expression of p-p38 according to western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. In conclusion, curcumin remarkably alleviated posttraumatic inflammation and thus shows potential for treating inflammation associated with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengbiao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yajun Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yinian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Baumann J, Tsao CC, Patkar S, Huang SF, Francia S, Magnussen SN, Gassmann M, Vogel J, Köster-Hegmann C, Ogunshola OO. Pericyte, but not astrocyte, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) drives hypoxia-induced vascular permeability in vivo. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:6. [PMID: 35033138 PMCID: PMC8760662 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ways to prevent disease-induced vascular modifications that accelerate brain damage remain largely elusive. Improved understanding of perivascular cell signalling could provide unparalleled insight as these cells impact vascular stability and functionality of the neurovascular unit as a whole. Identifying key drivers of astrocyte and pericyte responses that modify cell-cell interactions and crosstalk during injury is key. At the cellular level, injury-induced outcomes are closely entwined with activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway. Studies clearly suggest that endothelial HIF-1 signalling increases blood-brain barrier permeability but the influence of perivascular HIF-1 induction on outcome is unknown. Using novel mouse lines with astrocyte and pericyte targeted HIF-1 loss of function, we herein show that vascular stability in vivo is differentially impacted by perivascular hypoxia-induced HIF-1 stabilization. METHODS To facilitate HIF-1 deletion in adult mice without developmental complications, novel Cre-inducible astrocyte-targeted (GFAP-CreERT2; HIF-1αfl/fl and GLAST-CreERT2; HIF-1αfl/fl) and pericyte-targeted (SMMHC-CreERT2; HIF-1αfl/fl) transgenic animals were generated. Mice in their home cages were exposed to either normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (8% O2) for 96 h in an oxygen-controlled humidified glove box. All lines were similarly responsive to hypoxic challenge and post-Cre activation showed significantly reduced HIF-1 target gene levels in the individual cells as predicted. RESULTS Unexpectedly, hypoxia-induced vascular remodelling was unaffected by HIF-1 loss of function in the two astrocyte lines but effectively blocked in the pericyte line. In correlation, hypoxia-induced barrier permeability and water accumulation were abrogated only in pericyte targeted HIF-1 loss of function mice. In contrast to expectation, brain and serum levels of hypoxia-induced VEGF, TGF-β and MMPs (genes known to mediate vascular remodelling) were unaffected by HIF-1 deletion in all lines. However, in agreement with the permeability data, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy showed clear prevention of hypoxia-induced tight junction disruption in the pericyte loss of function line. CONCLUSION This study shows that pericyte but not astrocyte HIF-1 stabilization modulates endothelial tight junction functionality and thereby plays a pivotal role in hypoxia-induced vascular dysfunction. Whether the cells respond similarly or differentially to other injury stimuli will be of significant relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Baumann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Chieh Tsao
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shalmali Patkar
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sheng-Fu Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simona Francia
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Synnøve Norvoll Magnussen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Vogel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Köster-Hegmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Omolara O Ogunshola
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lu Q, Xiong J, Yuan Y, Ruan Z, Zhang Y, Chai B, Li L, Cai S, Xiao J, Wu Y, Huang P, Zhang H. Minocycline improves the functional recovery after traumatic brain injury via inhibition of aquaporin-4. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:441-458. [PMID: 34975343 PMCID: PMC8692149 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main concerns worldwide as there is still no comprehensive therapeutic intervention. Astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) system is closely related to the brain edema, water transport at blood-brain barrier (BBB) and astrocyte function in the central nervous system (CNS). Minocycline, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic, has shown anti-inflammation, anti-apoptotic, vascular protection and neuroprotective effects on TBI models. Here, we tried to further explore the underlying mechanism of minocycline treatment for TBI, especially the relationship of minocycline and AQP4 during TBI treatment. In present study, we observed that minocycline efficaciously reduces the elevation of AQP4 in TBI mice. Furthermore, minocycline significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis, ameliorated brain edema and BBB disruption after TBI. In addition, the expressions of tight junction protein and astrocyte morphology alteration were optimized by minocycline administration. Similar results were found after treating with TGN-020 (an inhibitor of AQP4) in TBI mice. Moreover, these effects were reversed by cyanamide (CYA) treatment, which notably upregulated AQP4 expression level in vivo. In primary cultured astrocytes, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) AQP4 treatment prevented glutamate-induced astrocyte swelling. To sum up, our study suggests that minocycline improves the functional recovery of TBI through reducing AQP4 level to optimize BBB integrity and astrocyte function, and highlights that the AQP4 may be an important therapeutic target during minocycline treating for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of pharmacy, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Zhejiang Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanwei Ruan
- Department of Emergency, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325200, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zhuji People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 311899, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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WANG FD, LI J, ZHAI X, CHEN R, WANG F. Methane-rich saline restores brain SOD activity and alleviates cognitive impairment in rats with traumatic brain injury. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.54921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie LI
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xu ZHAI
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Rui CHEN
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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Hu Y, Tao W. Microenvironmental Variations After Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:750810. [PMID: 34899180 PMCID: PMC8662751 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.750810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked to several pathologies. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is considered to be one of the initial changes. Further, the microenvironmental alteration following TBI-induced BBB breakdown can be multi-scaled, constant, and dramatic. The microenvironmental variations after disruption of BBB includes several pathological changes, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) alteration, brain edema, cerebral metabolism imbalances, and accumulation of inflammatory molecules. The modulation of the microenvironment presents attractive targets for TBI recovery, such as reducing toxic substances, inhibiting inflammation, and promoting neurogenesis. Herein, we briefly review the pathological alterations of the microenvironmental changes following BBB breakdown and outline potential interventions for TBI recovery based on microenvironmental modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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40
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Chen Y, Chen S, Chang J, Wei J, Feng M, Wang R. Perihematomal Edema After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Update on Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Advances. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740632. [PMID: 34737745 PMCID: PMC8560684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has one of the worst prognoses among patients with stroke. Surgical measures have been adopted to relieve the mass effect of the hematoma, and developing targeted therapy against secondary brain injury (SBI) after ICH is equally essential. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that perihematomal edema (PHE) is a quantifiable marker of SBI after ICH and is associated with a poor prognosis. Thus, PHE has been considered a promising therapeutic target for ICH. However, the findings derived from existing studies on PHE are disparate and unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to classify, compare, and summarize the existing studies on PHE. In this review, we describe the growth characteristics and relevant underlying mechanism of PHE, analyze the contributions of different risk factors to PHE, present the potential impact of PHE on patient outcomes, and discuss the currently available therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Churchill NW, Di Battista AP, Rhind SG, Richards D, Schweizer TA, Hutchison MG. Cerebral blood flow is associated with matrix metalloproteinase levels during the early symptomatic phase of concussion. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253134. [PMID: 34727098 PMCID: PMC8562781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Concussion is associated with disrupted cerebral blood flow (CBF), although there appears to be substantial inter-individual variability in CBF response. At present, the mechanisms of variable CBF response remain incompletely understood, but one potential contributor is matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. In more severe forms of acquired brain injury, MMP up-regulation contributes to CBF impairments via increased blood-brain barrier permeability. A similar relationship is hypothesized for concussion, where recently concussed individuals with higher MMP levels have lower CBF. To test this hypothesis, 35 concussed athletes were assessed longitudinally at early symptomatic injury (median: 5 days post-injury) and at medical clearance (median: 24 days post-injury), along with 71 athletic controls. For all athletes, plasma MMPs were measured and arterial spin labelling was used to measure CBF. Consistent with our hypothesis, higher concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-3 were correlated with lower global CBF. The correlations between MMPs and global CBF were also significantly diminished for concussed athletes at medical clearance and for athletic controls. These results indicate an inverse relationship between plasma MMP levels and CBF that is specific to the symptomatic phase of concussion. Analyses of regional CBF further showed that correlations with MMP levels exhibited some spatial specificity, with greatest effects in occipital, parietal and temporal lobes. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of post-concussion cerebrovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Churchill
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alex P. Di Battista
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G. Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Doug Richards
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A. Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine (Neurosurgery), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering (IBBME) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Hutchison
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jha RM, Raikwar SP, Mihaljevic S, Casabella AM, Catapano JS, Rani A, Desai S, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Emerging therapeutic targets for cerebral edema. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:917-938. [PMID: 34844502 PMCID: PMC9196113 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral edema is a key contributor to death and disability in several forms of brain injury. Current treatment options are limited, reactive, and associated with significant morbidity. Targeted therapies are emerging based on a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of cerebral edema. AREAS COVERED We review the pathophysiology and relationships between different cerebral edema subtypes to provide a foundation for emerging therapies. Mechanisms for promising molecular targets are discussed, with an emphasis on those advancing in clinical trials, including ion and water channels (AQP4, SUR1-TRPM4) and other proteins/lipids involved in edema signaling pathways (AVP, COX2, VEGF, and S1P). Research on novel treatment modalities for cerebral edema [including recombinant proteins and gene therapies] is presented and finally, insights on reducing secondary injury and improving clinical outcome are offered. EXPERT OPINION Targeted molecular strategies to minimize or prevent cerebral edema are promising. Inhibition of SUR1-TRPM4 (glyburide/glibenclamide) and VEGF (bevacizumab) are currently closest to translation based on advances in clinical trials. However, the latter, tested in glioblastoma multiforme, has not demonstrated survival benefit. Research on recombinant proteins and gene therapies for cerebral edema is in its infancy, but early results are encouraging. These newer modalities may facilitate our understanding of the pathobiology underlying cerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P. Raikwar
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sandra Mihaljevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Joshua S. Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anupama Rani
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shashvat Desai
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
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Archie SR, Al Shoyaib A, Cucullo L. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in CNS Disorders and Putative Therapeutic Targets: An Overview. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111779. [PMID: 34834200 PMCID: PMC8622070 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental component of the central nervous system (CNS). Its functional and structural integrity is vital to maintain the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment by controlling the passage of substances and regulating the trafficking of immune cells between the blood and the brain. The BBB is primarily composed of highly specialized microvascular endothelial cells. These cells’ special features and physiological properties are acquired and maintained through the concerted effort of hemodynamic and cellular cues from the surrounding environment. This complex multicellular system, comprising endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, and neurons, is known as the neurovascular unit (NVU). The BBB strictly controls the transport of nutrients and metabolites into brain parenchyma through a tightly regulated transport system while limiting the access of potentially harmful substances via efflux transcytosis and metabolic mechanisms. Not surprisingly, a disruption of the BBB has been associated with the onset and/or progression of major neurological disorders. Although the association between disease and BBB disruption is clear, its nature is not always evident, specifically with regard to whether an impaired BBB function results from the pathological condition or whether the BBB damage is the primary pathogenic factor prodromal to the onset of the disease. In either case, repairing the barrier could be a viable option for treating and/or reducing the effects of CNS disorders. In this review, we describe the fundamental structure and function of the BBB in both healthy and altered/diseased conditions. Additionally, we provide an overview of the potential therapeutic targets that could be leveraged to restore the integrity of the BBB concomitant to the treatment of these brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rahman Archie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (S.R.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (S.R.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-248-370-3884; Fax: +1-248-370-4060
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Nakada-Honda N, Cui D, Matsuda S, Ikeda E. Intravenous injection of cyclophilin A realizes the transient and reversible opening of barrier of neural vasculature through basigin in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19391. [PMID: 34588482 PMCID: PMC8481259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural vasculature forms the blood–brain barrier against the delivery of systemically administered therapeutic drugs into parenchyma of neural tissues. Therefore, procedures to open the blood–brain barrier with minimal damage to tissues would lead to the great progress in therapeutic strategy for intractable neural diseases. In this study, through analyses with mouse in vitro brain microvascular endothelial cells and in vivo neural vasculature, we demonstrate that the administration of cyclophilin A (CypA), a ligand of basigin which is expressed in barrier-forming endothelial cells, realizes the artificial opening of blood–brain barrier. Monolayers of endothelial cells lost their barrier properties through the disappearance of claudin-5, an integral tight junction molecule, from cell membranes in a transient and reversible manner. Furthermore, the intravenous injection of a single dose of CypA into mice resulted in the opening of blood–brain barrier for a certain period which enabled the enhanced delivery of systemically administered doxorubicin into the parenchyma of neural tissues. These findings that the pre-injection of a single dose of CypA realizes an artificial, transient as well as reversible opening of blood–brain barrier are considered to be a great step toward the establishment of therapeutic protocols to overcome the intractability of neural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Nakada-Honda
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuda
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Eiji Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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Do PT, Wu CC, Chiang YH, Hu CJ, Chen KY. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Therapy in Blood-Brain Barrier Preservation Following Ischemia: Molecular Mechanisms and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810045. [PMID: 34576209 PMCID: PMC8468469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a prominent pathophysiological mechanism, responsible for a series of subsequent inflammatory cascades that exacerbate the damage to brain tissue. However, the benefit of recanalization is limited in most patients because of the narrow therapeutic time window. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been assessed as excellent candidates for cell-based therapy in cerebral ischemia, including neuroinflammatory alleviation, angiogenesis and neurogenesis promotion through their paracrine actions. In addition, accumulating evidence on how MSC therapy preserves BBB integrity after stroke may open up novel therapeutic targets for treating cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of MSC-based therapy in the ischemia-induced prevention of BBB compromise. Currently, therapeutic effects of MSCs for stroke are primarily based on the fundamental pathogenesis of BBB breakdown, such as attenuating leukocyte infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, stabilizing morphology and crosstalk between cellular components of the BBB. We also discuss prospective studies to improve the effectiveness of MSC therapy through enhanced migration into defined brain regions of stem cells. Targeted therapy is a promising new direction and is being prioritized for extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Do
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chung-Che Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.H.); (K.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (ext. 3032) (C.-J.H.); +886-227361661 (ext. 7602) (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.H.); (K.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (ext. 3032) (C.-J.H.); +886-227361661 (ext. 7602) (K.-Y.C.)
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Dunn C, Sturdivant N, Venier S, Ali S, Wolchok J, Balachandran K. Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown and Astrocyte Reactivity Evident in the Absence of Behavioral Changes after Repeated Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2:399-410. [PMID: 34901939 PMCID: PMC8655814 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2021.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) cause debilitating effects. Without understanding the acute effects of repeated TBIs, treatment options to halt further degeneration and damage cannot be developed. This study sought to examine the acute effects of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, edema, inflammation and behavioral changes after either a single or double TBI using a C57BL/6 mouse model. We examined the effects of one or two TBIs, of either a mild or moderate severity. Double injuries were spaced 7 days apart, and all analysis was performed 24 h post-injury. To examine edema and inflammation, protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100 calcium-binding protein B, interleukin-6, and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) were analyzed. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were analyzed to observe BBB dysfunction. Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) was analyzed to observe microglial activation. Rotarod, beam walking, and grip strength tests were used to measure changes in physical behavior post-injury. A sample size of ≥5 was used for all analysis. Double injuries led to an increase in BBB breakdown, as indicated by altered MMP-9, AQP4, and ZO-1 protein expression. Single injuries showed an increase in microglial activation, astrocyte activation, and BBB breakdown. Behavioral tasks showed no significant differences between injured and control groups. Based on our findings, we suggest that behavioral studies should not be used as the sole clinical indicator on brain tissue recovery. Analysis of markers such as IBA1, GFAP, MMP-9, AQP4, and ZO-1 provide valuable insight on pathophysiological response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Dunn
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nasya Sturdivant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sara Venier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Syed Ali
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jeffery Wolchok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Lv QW, Zheng ZQ, Zhang H, Guo M, Shen LJ. Serum hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha emerges as a prognostic factor for severe traumatic brain injury. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:77-82. [PMID: 34411556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α) is implicated in the cell's response to hypoxia. We investigated whether serum HIF-1α concentrations are correlated with the severity and clinical outcome of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). METHODS Serum HIF-1α concentrations were quantified in 104 sTBI patients and 80 healthy controls. Trauma severity was assessed using Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score of 1-3 at post-trauma 90 days was defined as a poor outcome. Multivariate analyses were performed to discern the relationship between serum HIF-1α concentrations and outcome. RESULTS Patients displayed significantly higher serum HIF-1α concentrations than controls (median, 294.9 versus 102.7 pg/ml). HIF-1α concentrations were intimately related to GCS scores (r = -0.62) and GOS scores (r = -0.64). 48 patients (46.2%) experienced a poor outcome. Serum HIF-1α concentrations > 280.2 pg/ml significantly distinguished patients with the development of poor outcome with 77.1% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity (AUC, 0.750; 95% CI: 0.655-0.829). Serum HIF-1α concentrations > 280.2 pg/ml emerged as an independent predictor for poor outcome (OR: 4.179; 95% CI: 1.024-17.052). CONCLUSIONS Serum HIF-1α concentrations are tightly associated with trauma severity and poor 90-day outcome, substantializing serum HIF-1α as a promising prognostic biomarker for sTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou branch), No. 666 Dangui Road, Shengzhou 312400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zi-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou branch), No. 666 Dangui Road, Shengzhou 312400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou branch), No. 666 Dangui Road, Shengzhou 312400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mi Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou branch), No. 666 Dangui Road, Shengzhou 312400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang-Jun Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou branch), No. 666 Dangui Road, Shengzhou 312400, Zhejiang, China
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Pitkänen A, Paananen T, Kyyriäinen J, Das Gupta S, Heiskanen M, Vuokila N, Bañuelos-Cabrera I, Lapinlampi N, Kajevu N, Andrade P, Ciszek R, Lara-Valderrábano L, Ekolle Ndode-Ekane X, Puhakka N. Biomarkers for posttraumatic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:107080. [PMID: 32317161 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A biomarker is a characteristic that can be objectively measured as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or responses to an exposure or intervention, including therapeutic interventions. Biomarker modalities include molecular, histologic, radiographic, or physiologic characteristics. To improve the understanding and use of biomarker terminology in biomedical research, clinical practice, and medical product development, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-National Institutes of Health (NIH) Joint Leadership Council developed the BEST Resource (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools). The seven BEST biomarker categories include the following: (a) susceptibility/risk biomarkers, (b) diagnostic biomarkers, (c) monitoring biomarkers, (d) prognostic biomarkers, (e) predictive biomarkers, (f) pharmacodynamic/response biomarkers, and (g) safety biomarkers. We hypothesize some potential overlap between the reported biomarkers of traumatic brain injury (TBI), epilepsy, and posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). Here, we tested this hypothesis by reviewing studies focusing on biomarker discovery for posttraumatic epileptogenesis and epilepsy. The biomarker modalities reviewed here include plasma/serum and cerebrospinal fluid molecular biomarkers, imaging biomarkers, and electrophysiologic biomarkers. Most of the reported biomarkers have an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve greater than 0.800, suggesting both high sensitivity and high specificity. Our results revealed little overlap in the biomarker candidates between TBI, epilepsy, and PTE. In addition to using single parameters as biomarkers, machine learning approaches have highlighted the potential for utilizing patterns of markers as biomarkers. Although published data suggest the possibility of identifying biomarkers for PTE, we are still in the early phase of the development curve. Many of the seven biomarker categories lack PTE-related biomarkers. Thus, further exploration using proper, statistically powered, and standardized study designs with validation cohorts, and by developing and applying novel analytical methods, is needed for PTE biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tomi Paananen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Kyyriäinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mette Heiskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Vuokila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ivette Bañuelos-Cabrera
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Lapinlampi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Natallie Kajevu
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pedro Andrade
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert Ciszek
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leonardo Lara-Valderrábano
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Chen L, Zhou Y, Wang J, Li K, Zhang Z, Peng M. The adenosine A 2A receptor alleviates postoperative delirium-like behaviors by restoring blood cerebrospinal barrier permeability in rats. J Neurochem 2021; 158:980-996. [PMID: 34033116 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common post-operative complication in elderly patients that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the neuropathogenesis of this complication remains unknown. The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) and brain-blood barrier (BBB) are composed of tight junctions between cells that form physical barriers, and BBB damage plays an important role in the neuropathogenesis of POD. Nevertheless, the role of BCB in POD remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect of adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R), a key regulator of the permeability of barriers, on surgery-induced increased permeability of BCB and POD-like behaviors. Open field, buried food, and Y maze tests were used to evaluate behavioral changes in rats after surgery. Levels of tight junction proteins, adherens junction proteins, A2A R, GTP-RhoA, and ROCK2 in the choroid plexus were assessed by western blotting. The concentrations of NaFI and FITC-dextran in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the ultrastructure of the choroid plexus. Surgery/anesthesia decreased the levels of tight junction (e.g., ZO-1, occludin, and claudin1) proteins, increased concentrations of NaFI and FITC-dextran in CSF, damaged the ultrastructure of choroid plexus, and induced POD-like behaviors in rats. An A2A R antagonist alleviated POD-like behaviors in rats. Furthermore, the A2A R antagonist increased the levels of tight junction proteins and restored the permeability of BCB in rats with POD. Fasudil, a selective Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) inhibitor, ameliorated POD-like behaviors induced by A2A R activation. Moreover, fasudil also abolished the increased levels of GTP-RhoA/ROCK2, decreased levels of tight junction proteins, and increased permeability of BCB caused by A2A R activation. Our findings demonstrate that A2A R might participate in regulating BCB permeability in rats with POD via the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway, which suggests the potential of A2A R as a therapeutic target for POD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mian Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhu W, Hua X, Liu Z, Zhang X, Li S, Jing C. Relationship between chronic hyperglycemia and contrast extravasation in revascularization of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: A retrospective single-center study. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 89:311-318. [PMID: 34119286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Contrast extravasation is one of the most common perioperative complications in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) patients after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and/or stenting (PTAS). This study aimed to investigate the correlations between the relevant serum biochemical indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and the occurrence of contrast extravasation. METHODS Patients' demographic characteristics, vascular risk factors and laboratory examination data were collected. Blood routine test, blood biochemical examination and hormone level test within 1 week before surgery were measured in all enrolled subjects. Patients underwent non-contrast CT scans immediately after the endovascular procedure. Follow-up non-contrast CT scans were performed in the next 24 h and repeated as per clinical condition. RESULTS 104 patients who have undergone effective PTAS were involved in this study. 18 patients have identified as contrast extravasation and there was no obvious abnormality in another 86 cases. There were significant differences in the pre-operative HbA1c, fasting blood sugar and cortisol levels in the subjects regardless of gender between two groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, there were statistical differences in E2 and testosterone levels between two groups in both male population (p = 0.035 and p = 0.028, respectively) and female population (p = 0.036 and p = 0.003, respectively). Besides, the AUC value of HbA1c, fasting blood sugar and cortisol levels were all over 0.7 (0.858, 0.780 and 0.752, respectively). The highest AUC value of various combinations was obtained from the combination of HbA1c and cortisol level, which was 0.898. CONCLUSIONS Patient with chronic hyperglycemia is closely related to contrast extravasation after PTAS. Specific mechanisms might be explored and regarded as promising candidates to prevent contrast extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuming Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shangdong Province 252000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Chaohui Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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