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Bayona C, Alza L, Ranđelović T, Sallán MC, Visa A, Cantí C, Ochoa I, Oliván S, Herreros J. Tetralol derivative NNC-55-0396 targets hypoxic cells in the glioblastoma microenvironment: an organ-on-chip approach. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:127. [PMID: 38341408 PMCID: PMC10858941 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumour characterised by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The tumour microenvironment, particularly the central hypoxic region of the tumour, is known to play a pivotal role in GBM progression. Cells within this region adapt to hypoxia by stabilising transcription factor HIF1-α, which promotes cell proliferation, dedifferentiation and chemoresistance. In this study we sought to examine the effects of NNC-55-0396, a tetralol compound which overactivates the unfolded protein response inducing apoptosis, using the organ-on-chip technology. We identified an increased sensitivity of the hypoxic core of the chip to NNC, which correlates with decreasing levels of HIF1-α in vitro. Moreover, NNC blocks the macroautophagic process that is unleashed by hypoxia as revealed by increased levels of autophagosomal constituent LC3-II and autophagy chaperone p62/SQSTM1. The specific effects of NNC in the hypoxic microenvironment unveil additional anti-cancer abilities of this compound and further support investigations on its use in combined therapies against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bayona
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lía Alza
- Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Teodora Ranđelović
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta C Sallán
- Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anna Visa
- Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Oliván
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Judit Herreros
- Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Tetralol derivative NNC-55-0396 induces glioblastoma cell death by activating IRE1α, JNK1 and calcium signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112881. [PMID: 35367758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mibefradil and NNC-55-0396, tetralol derivatives with a proven -ability to block T-type calcium channels in excitable cells, reduce cancer cell viability in vitro, causing cell death. Furthermore, they reduce tumor growth in preclinical models of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a brain tumor of poor prognosis. Here we found that GBM cells treated with cytotoxic concentrations of NNC-55-0396 paradoxically increased cytosolic calcium levels through the activation of inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ER stress. We used pharmacological inhibitors and gene silencing to dissect the cell death pathway stimulated by NNC-55-0396 in GBM cell lines and biopsy-derived cultures. Calcium chelation or IP3R inhibition prevented NNC-55-0396-mediated cytotoxicity, indicating that ER calcium efflux is the cause of cell death. Upstream of calcium mobilization, NNC-55-0396 activated the IRE1α arm of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) resulting in the nuclear translocation of pro-apoptotic CHOP. Consistent with these findings, silencing IRE1α or JNK1 rescued the cell death elicited by NNC-55-0396. Therefore, we demonstrate that activation of IRE1α and calcium signaling accounts for the cytotoxicity of NNC-55-0396 in GBM cells. The delineation of the signaling pathway that mediates the abrupt cell death triggered by this compound can help the development of new therapies for GBM.
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Creation of a new class of radiosensitizers for glioblastoma based on the mibefradil pharmacophore. Oncotarget 2021; 12:891-906. [PMID: 33953843 PMCID: PMC8092340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system with a dismal prognosis. Locoregional failure is common despite high doses of radiation therapy, which has prompted great interest in developing novel strategies to radiosensitize these cancers. Our group previously identified a calcium channel blocker (CCB), mibefradil, as a potential GBM radiosensitizer. We discovered that mibefradil selectively inhibits a key DNA repair pathway, alternative non-homologous end joining. We then initiated a phase I clinical trial that revealed promising initial efficacy of mibefradil, but further development was hampered by dose-limiting toxicities, including CCB-related cardiotoxicity, off-target hERG channel and cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) interactions. Here, we show that mibefradil inhibits DNA repair independent of its CCB activity, and report a series of mibefradil analogues which lack CCB activity and demonstrate reduced hERG and CYP activity while retaining potency as DNA repair inhibitors. We present in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of the top analogues with evidence of brain penetration. We also report a targeted siRNA-based screen which suggests a possible role for mTOR and Akt in DNA repair inhibition by this class of drugs. Taken together, these data reveal a new class of mibefradil-based DNA repair inhibitors which can be further advanced into pre-clinical testing and eventually clinical trials, as potential GBM radiosensitizers.
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Azab MA, Alomari A, Azzam AY. Featuring how calcium channels and calmodulin affect glioblastoma behavior. A review article. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 25:100255. [PMID: 33341039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered to be the most aggressive primary brain tumor with an extremely bad prognosis. Recurrence after treatment is a major problem with a survival rate for one year ranging about 39.7%. Ideal outcomes are still difficult to be achieved despite the recent treatment combinations. The ultimate capacity to regrow after resection is considered to be related to the availability of self-regenerating populations of stem cells. We made a literature review interpreting how calcium channels and calcium-regulated proteins mechanistically elaborate glioblastoma virulence in different ways. Calcium channels, and calcium-regulated proteins have shown diverse interconnected roles in shaping different aspects of GBM biology as indicated in some experimental studies. The beneficial prospective of those roles granting GBM different aggressive potentials pose variable applications in targeted therapy whether it is experimental or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Y Azzam
- October 6 University Faculty of Medicine, Giza, Egypt.
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Barceló C, Sisó P, Maiques O, de la Rosa I, Martí RM, Macià A. T-Type Calcium Channels: A Potential Novel Target in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E391. [PMID: 32046241 PMCID: PMC7072457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) are overexpressed in several cancers. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and new insights into TTCC biology, tumor progression, and prognosis biomarker and therapeutic potential in the melanoma field. We describe a novel correlation between the Cav3.1 isoform and the increased basal autophagy in BRAFV600E-mutant melanomas and after acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Indeed, TTCC blockers reduce melanoma cell viability and migration/invasion in vitro and tumor growth in mice xenografts in both BRAF-inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant scenarios. These studies open a new, promising therapeutic approach for disseminated melanoma and improved treatment in BRAFi relapsed melanomas, but further validation and clinical trials are needed for it to become a real therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Barceló
- Oncologic Pathology Group, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.B.); (P.S.); (I.d.l.R.)
| | - Pol Sisó
- Oncologic Pathology Group, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.B.); (P.S.); (I.d.l.R.)
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Inés de la Rosa
- Oncologic Pathology Group, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.B.); (P.S.); (I.d.l.R.)
| | - Rosa M. Martí
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Centre of Biomedical Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Macià
- Oncologic Pathology Group, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.B.); (P.S.); (I.d.l.R.)
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T-type Ca2+ Channels: T for Targetable. Cancer Res 2018; 78:603-609. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bindra RS, Chalmers AJ, Evans S, Dewhirst M. GBM radiosensitizers: dead in the water…or just the beginning? J Neurooncol 2017; 134:513-521. [PMID: 28762004 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The finding that most GBMs recur either near or within the primary site after radiotherapy has fueled great interest in the development of radiosensitizers to enhance local control. Unfortunately, decades of clinical trials testing a wide range of novel therapeutic approaches have failed to yield any clinically viable radiosensitizers. However, many of the previous radiosensitizing strategies were not based on clear pre-clinical evidence, and in many cases blood-barrier penetration was not considered. Furthermore, DNA repair inhibitors have only recenly arrived in the clinic, and likely represent potent agents for glioma radiosensitization. Here, we present recent progress in the use of small molecule DNA damage response inhibitors as GBM radiosensitizers. In addition, we discuss the latest progress in targeting hypoxia and oxidative stress for GBM radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences & Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sydney Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Mark Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Niklasson M, Maddalo G, Sramkova Z, Mutlu E, Wee S, Sekyrova P, Schmidt L, Fritz N, Dehnisch I, Kyriatzis G, Krafcikova M, Carson BB, Feenstra JM, Marinescu VD, Segerman A, Haraldsson M, Gustavsson AL, Hammarström LG, Jenmalm Jensen A, Uhrbom L, Altelaar AM, Linnarsson S, Uhlén P, Trantirek L, Vincent CT, Nelander S, Enger PØ, Andäng M. Membrane-Depolarizing Channel Blockers Induce Selective Glioma Cell Death by Impairing Nutrient Transport and Unfolded Protein/Amino Acid Responses. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1741-1752. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gómez-Lagunas F, Carrillo E, Pardo LA, Stühmer W. Gating Modulation of the Tumor-Related Kv10.1 Channel by Mibefradil. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2019-2032. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Froylán Gómez-Lagunas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine. National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM; Ciudad Universitaria; México City México DF
| | - Elisa Carrillo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine. National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM; Ciudad Universitaria; México City México DF
| | - Luis A. Pardo
- Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
| | - Walter Stühmer
- Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
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10
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Pharmacological targeting of ion channels for cancer therapy: In vivo evidences. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1385-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Nguyen TTT, Lim YJ, Fan MHM, Jackson RA, Lim KK, Ang WH, Ban KHK, Chen ES. Calcium modulation of doxorubicin cytotoxicity in yeast and human cells. Genes Cells 2016; 21:226-40. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Ying Jun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Melanie Hui Min Fan
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Rebecca A. Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Kim Kiat Lim
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Kenneth Hon Kim Ban
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- National University Health System; Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Science & Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI); Life Sciences Institute; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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12
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Redmond KJ, Mehta M. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Glioblastoma. Cureus 2015; 7:e413. [PMID: 26848407 PMCID: PMC4725736 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and one of the most aggressive of all human cancers. GBM tumors are highly infiltrative and relatively resistant to conventional therapies. Aggressive management of GBM using a combination of surgical resection, followed by fractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been shown to improve overall survival; however, GBM tumors recur in the majority of patients and the disease is most often fatal. There is a need to develop new treatment regimens and technological innovations to improve the overall survival of GBM patients. The role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of GBM has been explored and is controversial. SRS utilizes highly precise radiation techniques to allow dose escalation and delivery of ablative radiation doses to the tumor while minimizing dose to the adjacent normal structures. In some studies, SRS with concurrent chemotherapy has shown improved local control with acceptable toxicities in select GBM patients. However, because GBM is a highly infiltrative disease, skeptics argue that local therapies, such as SRS, do not improve overall survival. The purpose of this article is to review the literature regarding SRS in both newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM, to describe SRS techniques, potential eligible SRS candidates, and treatment-related toxicities. In addition, this article will propose promising areas for future research for SRS in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Minesh Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland
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Iser I, de Campos R, Bertoni A, Wink M. Identification of valid endogenous control genes for determining gene expression in C6 glioma cell line treated with conditioned medium from adipose-derived stem cell. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 75:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Goglia AG, Delsite R, Luz AN, Shahbazian D, Salem AF, Sundaram RK, Chiaravalli J, Hendrikx PJ, Wilshire JA, Jasin M, Kluger HM, Glickman JF, Powell SN, Bindra RS. Identification of novel radiosensitizers in a high-throughput, cell-based screen for DSB repair inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:326-42. [PMID: 25512618 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most cancer therapies involve a component of treatment that inflicts DNA damage in tumor cells, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are considered the most serious threat to genomic integrity. Complex systems have evolved to repair these lesions, and successful DSB repair is essential for tumor cell survival after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and other DNA-damaging agents. As such, inhibition of DNA repair is a potentially efficacious strategy for chemo- and radiosensitization. Homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) represent the two major pathways by which DSBs are repaired in mammalian cells. Here, we report the design and execution of a high-throughput, cell-based small molecule screen for novel DSB repair inhibitors. We miniaturized our recently developed dual NHEJ and HR reporter system into a 384-well plate-based format and interrogated a diverse library of 20,000 compounds for molecules that selectively modulate NHEJ and HR repair in tumor cells. We identified a collection of novel hits that potently inhibit DSB repair, and we have validated their functional activity in a comprehensive panel of orthogonal secondary assays. A selection of these inhibitors was found to radiosensitize cancer cell lines in vitro, which suggests that they may be useful as novel chemo- and radio sensitizers. Surprisingly, we identified several FDA-approved drugs, including the calcium channel blocker mibefradil dihydrochloride, that demonstrated activity as DSB repair inhibitors and radiosensitizers. These findings suggest the possibility for repurposing them as tumor cell radiosensitizers in the future. Accordingly, we recently initiated a phase I clinical trial testing mibefradil as a glioma radiosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Goglia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert Delsite
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Antonio N Luz
- High Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - David Shahbazian
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ahmed F Salem
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ranjini K Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeanne Chiaravalli
- High Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Petrus J Hendrikx
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer A Wilshire
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Harriet M Kluger
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - J Fraser Glickman
- High Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Simon N Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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15
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Dziegielewska B, Gray LS, Dziegielewski J. T-type calcium channels blockers as new tools in cancer therapies. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:801-10. [PMID: 24449277 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are involved in a multitude of cellular processes, both physiological and pathological, including cancer. T-type channels are also often aberrantly expressed in different human cancers and participate in the regulation of cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and survival. Here, we review the recent literature and discuss the controversies, supporting the role of T-type Ca(2+) channels in cancer cells and the proposed use of channels blockers as anticancer agents. A growing number of reports show that pharmacological inhibition or RNAi-mediated downregulation of T-type channels leads to inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and increased cancer cell death. In addition to a single agent activity, experimental results demonstrate that T-type channel blockers enhance the anticancer effects of conventional radio- and chemotherapy. At present, the detailed biological mechanism(s) underlying the anticancer activity of these channel blockers is not fully understood. Recent findings and ideas summarized here identify T-type Ca(2+) channels as a molecular target for anticancer therapy and offer new directions for the design of novel therapeutic strategies employing channels blockers. Physiological relevance: T-type calcium channels are often aberrantly expressed or deregulated in cancer cells, supporting their proliferation, survival, and resistance to treatment; therefore, T-type Ca(2+) channels could be attractive molecular targets for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dziegielewska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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Dziegielewska B, Brautigan DL, Larner JM, Dziegielewski J. T-type Ca2+ channel inhibition induces p53-dependent cell growth arrest and apoptosis through activation of p38-MAPK in colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 12:348-58. [PMID: 24362252 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epithelial tumor cells express T-type Ca(2+) channels, which are thought to promote cell proliferation. This study investigated the cellular response to T-type Ca(2+) channel inhibition either by small-molecule antagonists or by RNAi-mediated knockdown. Selective T-type Ca(2+) channel antagonists caused growth inhibition and apoptosis more effectively in HCT116 cells expressing wild-type p53 (p53wt), than in HCT116 mutant p53(-/-) cells. These antagonists increased p53-dependent gene expression and increased genomic occupancy of p53 at specific target sequences. The knockdown of a single T-type Ca(2+) channel subunit (CACNA1G) reduced cell growth and induced caspase-3/7 activation in HCT116 p53wt cells as compared with HCT116 mutant p53(-/-) cells. Moreover, CaCo2 cells that do not express functional p53 were made more sensitive to CACNA1G knockdown when p53wt was stably expressed. Upon T-type Ca(2+) channel inhibition, p38-MAPK promoted phosphorylation at Ser392 of p53wt. Cells treated with the inhibitor SB203580 or specific RNAi targeting p38-MAPKα/β (MAPK14/MAPK11) showed resistance to T-type Ca(2+) channel inhibition. Finally, the decreased sensitivity to channel inhibition was associated with decreased accumulation of p53 and decreased expression of p53 target genes, p21Cip1 (CDKN1A) and BCL2-binding component 3 (BBC3/PUMA). IMPLICATIONS A novel pathway involving p53 and p38-MAPK is revealed and provides a rationale for antitumor therapies that target T-type Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dziegielewska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800383, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
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Gray LS, Schiff D, Macdonald TL. A model for the regulation of T-type Ca(2+) channels in proliferation: roles in stem cells and cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 13:589-95. [PMID: 23617350 DOI: 10.1586/era.13.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) influx at critical points in the cell cycle is required for proliferation. This requirement is so ubiquitous that its occurrence is often treated as background noise. Yet without it, cells stop dividing, suggesting an obvious and potentially effective way to treat cancer. To control proliferation by controlling Ca(2+) influx requires that the mechanism be elucidated, but this field of study has been filled with controversy and devoid of therapeutic utility. In this study, the authors present a model for the regulation of Ca(2+) influx at the G1/S restriction point in cancer and stem cells that is simple, cohesive and, we believe, reasonably complete. The model illustrates the essential role of T-type Ca(2+) channels in mediating influx and points clearly to the therapeutic strategies that have recently entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd S Gray
- Tau Therapeutics, LLC, 600 E. Water Street, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA.
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Valerie NCK, Dziegielewska B, Hosing AS, Augustin E, Gray LS, Brautigan DL, Larner JM, Dziegielewski J. Inhibition of T-type calcium channels disrupts Akt signaling and promotes apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:888-97. [PMID: 23287412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are brain tumors that are exceptionally resistant to both radio- and chemotherapy regimens and novel approaches to treatment are needed. T-type calcium channels are one type of low voltage-gated channel (LVCC) involved in embryonic cell proliferation and differentiation; however they are often over-expressed in tumors, including GBM. In this study, we found that inhibition of T-type Ca(2+) channels in GBM cells significantly reduced their survival and resistance to therapy. Moreover, either T-type selective antagonists, such as mibefradil, or siRNA-mediated knockdown of the T-type channel alpha subunits not only reduced cell viability and clonogenic potential, but also induced apoptosis. In response to channel blockade or ablation, we observed reduced phosphorylation of Akt and Rictor, suggesting inhibition of the mTORC2/Akt pathway. This was followed by reduction in phosphorylation of anti-apoptotic Bad and caspases activation. The apoptotic response was specific for T-type Ca(2+) channels, as inhibition of L-type Ca(2+) channels did not induce similar effects. Our results implicate T-type Ca(2+) channels as distinct entities for survival signaling in GBM cells and suggest that they are a novel molecular target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C K Valerie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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