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Wu J, Yu L, Liu Y, Xiao B, Ye X, Zhao H, Xi Y, Shi Z, Wang W. Hypoxia regulates adipose mesenchymal stem cells proliferation, migration, and nucleus pulposus-like differentiation by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress via the HIF-1α pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:339. [PMID: 37158945 PMCID: PMC10169485 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxia can promote stem cell proliferation and migration through HIF-1α. Hypoxia can regulate cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Some studies have reported the relationship among hypoxia, HIF-α, and ER stress, however, while little is known about HIF-α and ER stress in ADSCs under hypoxic conditions. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role and relationship of hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α and ER stress in regulating adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) proliferation, migration, and NPC-like differentiation. METHOD ADSCs were pretreated with hypoxia, HIF-1α gene transfection, and HIF-1α gene silence. The ADSCs proliferation, migration, and NPC-like differentiation were assessed. The expression of HIF-1α in ADSCs was regulated; then, the changes of ER stress level in ADSCs were observed to investigate the relationship between ER stress and HIF-1α in ADSCs under hypoxic conditions. RESULT The cell proliferation and migration assay results show that hypoxia and HIF-1α overexpression can significantly increase the ADSCs proliferation and migration, while HIF-1α inhibition can significantly decrease the ADSCs proliferation and migration. The HIF-1α and co-cultured with NPCs played an important role in the directional differentiation of ADSCs into NPCs. The hypoxia-regulated ER stress in ADSCs through the HIF-1α pathway, thereby regulating the cellular state of ADSCs, was also observed. CONCLUSION Hypoxia and HIF-1α play important roles in proliferation, migration, and NPC-like differentiation of ADSCs. This study provides preliminary evidence that HIF-1α-regulated ER stress thus affects ADSCs proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Therefore, HIF-1α and ER may serve as key points to improve the efficacy of ADSCs in treating disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, No. 906 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Kangfu Road, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1111, Xianxia Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Kangfu Road, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhai Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicai Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Xu Z, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Wu H, Sun B, Zhang K, Wang J, Zang F, Zhang X, Guo L, Wu X. Increased Expression of Integrin Alpha 6 in Nucleus Pulposus Cells in Response to High Oxygen Tension Protects against Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8632823. [PMID: 34707783 PMCID: PMC8545551 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8632823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The destruction of the low oxygen microenvironment in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells played a critical role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The purpose of this study was to determine the potential role of integrin alpha 6 (ITG α6) in NP cells in response to high oxygen tension (HOT) in IVDD. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis showed that the levels of ITG α6 expression were increased in the NP tissue from IVDD patients and the IVDD rat model with mild degeneration, which were reduced as the degree of degeneration increases in severity. In NP cells, the treatment of HOT resulted in upregulation of ITG α6 expression, which could be alleviated by blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Further studies found that ITG α6 could protect NP cells against HOT-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress and protect NP cells from HOT-inhibited ECM protein synthesis. Upregulation of ITG α6 expression by HOT contributed to maintaining NP tissue homeostasis through the interaction with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Furthermore, silencing of ITG α6 in vivo could obviously accelerate puncture-induced IVDD. Taken together, these results revealed that the increase of ITG α6 expression by HOT in NP cells might be a protective factor in IVD degeneration as well as restore NP cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiancheng Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqiao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fazhi Zang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingkai Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Kim JW, Jeon N, Shin DE, Lee SY, Kim M, Han DH, Shin JY, Lee S. Regeneration in Spinal Disease: Therapeutic Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha in Regeneration of Degenerative Intervertebral Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105281. [PMID: 34067899 PMCID: PMC8155933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a complex joint structure comprising three primary components—namely, nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF), and cartilaginous endplate (CEP). The IVD retrieves oxygen from the surrounding vertebral body through CEP by diffusion and likely generates ATP via anaerobic glycolysis. IVD degeneration is characterized by a cascade of cellular, compositional, structural changes. With advanced age, pronounced changes occur in the composition of the disc extracellular matrix (ECM). NP and AF cells in the IVD possess poor regenerative capacity compared with that of other tissues. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a master transcription factor that initiates a coordinated cellular cascade in response to a low oxygen tension environment, including the regulation of numerous enzymes in response to hypoxia. HIF-1α is essential for NP development and homeostasis and is involved in various processes of IVD degeneration process, promotes ECM in NP, maintains the metabolic activities of NP, and regulates dystrophic mineralization of NP, as well as angiogenesis, autophagy, and apoptosis during IVD degeneration. HIF-1α may, therefore, represent a diagnostic tool for early IVD degeneration and a therapeutic target for inhibiting IVD degeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Neunghan Jeon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Dong-Eun Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea; (D.-E.S.); (D.H.H.)
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea;
| | - Myongwhan Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Dong Hun Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea; (D.-E.S.); (D.H.H.)
| | - Jae Yeon Shin
- Department of Computer Science, College of IT Engineering, SeMyung University, Jechun 27136, Korea;
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea; (D.-E.S.); (D.H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-780-5289; Fax: +82-31-708-3578
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Li Y, Liu S, Pan D, Xu B, Xing X, Zhou H, Zhang B, Zhou S, Ning G, Feng S. The potential role and trend of HIF‑1α in intervertebral disc degeneration: Friend or foe? (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:239. [PMID: 33537810 PMCID: PMC7893690 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical advice in orthopedic clinics. Increasingly, research has shown that symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is mostly related to LBP. This review first outlines the research and findings of studies into IDD, from the physiological structure of the intervertebral disc (IVD) to various pathological cascades. The vicious cycles of IDD are re-described in relation to the analysis of the relationship among the pathological mechanisms involved in IDD. Interestingly, a ‘chief molecule’ was found, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), that may regulate all other mechanisms involved in IDD. When the vicious cycle is established, the low oxygen tension activates the expression of HIF-1α, which subsequently enters into the hypoxia-induced HIF pathways. The HIF pathways are dichotomized as friend and foe pathways according to the oxygen tension of the IVD microenvironment. Combined with clinical outcomes and previous research, the trend of IDD development has been predicted in this paper. Lastly, an early precautionary diagnosis and treatment method is proposed whereby nucleus pulposus tissue for biopsy can be obtained through IVD puncture guided by B-ultrasound when the patient is showing symptoms but MRI imaging shows negative results. The assessment criteria for biopsy and the feasibility, superiority and challenges of this approach have been discussed. Overall, it is clear that HIF-1α is an indispensable reference indicator for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Dayu Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Xuewu Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Central Clinical of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Suzhe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200034, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Long Noncoding RNA ANPODRT Overexpression Protects Nucleus Pulposus Cells from Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis by Activating Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6645005. [PMID: 33603950 PMCID: PMC7872767 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6645005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and subsequent nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis are important contributors to the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Emerging evidences show that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a role in the pathogenesis of IDD. In this study, we investigated the role of lncRNA ANPODRT (anti-NP cell oxidative damage-related transcript) in oxidative stress and apoptosis in human NP cells. We found that ANPODRT was downregulated in degenerative NP tissues and in NP cells treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, the oxidative stress inducer). ANPODRT overexpression alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis in NP cells exposed to TBHP, while ANPODRT knockdown exerted opposing effects. Mechanistically, ANPODRT facilitated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) accumulation and nuclear translocation and activated its target genes by disrupting the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1- (Keap1-) Nrf2 association in NP cells. Nrf2 knockdown abolished the antioxidative stress and antiapoptotic effects of ANPODRT in NP cells treated with TBHP. Collectively, our findings suggest that ANPODRT protects NP cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis, at least partially, by activating Nrf2 signaling, implying that ANPODRT may be a potential therapeutic target for IDD.
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Part 1: profiling extra cellular matrix core proteome of human fetal nucleus pulposus in search for regenerative targets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15684. [PMID: 32973250 PMCID: PMC7519061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is accompanied by a loss of Extra-cellular matrix (ECM) due to an imbalance in anabolic and catabolic pathways. Identifying ECM proteins with anabolic and/or regenerative potential could be the key to developing regenerative therapies. Since human fetal discs grow and develop rapidly, studying these discs may provide valuable insights on proteins with regenerative potential. This study compares core matrisome of 9 fetal and 7 healthy adult (age 22-79) nucleus pulposus (NP), using a proteomic and bioinformatic approach. Of the 33 upregulated proteins in fetus NP's, 20 of which were involved in ECM assembly pathways: fibromodulin, biglycan, heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer and Collagen-type 1a1, 1a2, 6a1, 6a3, 11a1, 11a2, 12a1, 14a1 and 15a1. Moreover, 10 of the upregulated proteins were involved in growth pathways 'PI3L-Akt signaling' and 'regulation of insulin like growth factor transport and uptake.' Thrombospondin 1,3 and 4, tenascin C, matrilin-3, and collagen- type 1a1, 1a2, 6a1, 6a3 and 9a1. Additionally, matrillin-2 and 'Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1' were identified as possible regenerative proteins due to their involvement in 'Regeneration' and 'tissue development' respectively. In conclusion, the consistency of human fetal NP's differs greatly from that of healthy adults. In view of these outcomes, the core matrisome of human fetal discs contains an abundant number of proteins that could potentially show regenerative properties, and their potential should be explored in future machinal experiments.
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Schmitz TC, Salzer E, Crispim JF, Fabra GT, LeVisage C, Pandit A, Tryfonidou M, Maitre CL, Ito K. Characterization of biomaterials intended for use in the nucleus pulposus of degenerated intervertebral discs. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:1-15. [PMID: 32771592 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials for regeneration of the intervertebral disc must meet complex requirements conforming to biological, mechanical and clinical demands. Currently no consensus on their characterization exists. It is crucial to identify parameters and their method of characterization for accurate assessment of their potential efficacy, keeping in mind the translation towards clinical application. This review systematically analyses the characterization techniques of biomaterial systems that have been used for nucleus pulposus (NP) restoration and regeneration. Substantial differences in the approach towards assessment became evident, hindering comparisons between different materials with respect to their suitability for NP restoration and regeneration. We have analysed the current approaches and identified parameters necessary for adequate biomaterial characterization, with the clinical goal of functional restoration and biological regeneration of the NP in mind. Further, we provide guidelines and goals for their measurement. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterials intended for restoration of regeneration of the nucleus pulposus within the intervertebral disc must meet biological, biomechanical and clinical demands. Many materials have been investigated, but a lack of consensus on which parameters to evaluate leads to difficulties in comparing materials as well as mostly partial characterization of the materials in question. A gap between current methodology and clinically relevant and meaningful characterization is prevalent. In this article, we identify necessary methods and their implementation for complete biomaterial characterization in the context of clinical applicability. This will allow for a more unified approach to NP-biomaterials research within the field as a whole and enable comparative analysis of novel materials yet to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Schmitz
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| | - Elias Salzer
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| | - João F Crispim
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| | - Georgina Targa Fabra
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, 7WQJ+8F Galway, Ireland.
| | - Catherine LeVisage
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS School of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, 1 Place Ricordeau, 44300 Nantes, France.
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, 7WQJ+8F Galway, Ireland.
| | - Marianna Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Christine Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, S1 1WB Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
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Growney EA, Linder HR, Garg K, Bledsoe JG, Sell SA. Bio-conjugation of platelet-rich plasma and alginate through carbodiimide chemistry for injectable hydrogel therapies. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1972-1984. [PMID: 31846217 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a highly tailorable, biocompatible polymer whose properties can be tuned to mimic the properties of native nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a highly accessible, inexpensive, and readily available mix of pro-regenerative factors. By functionalizing alginate with PRP, a mechanically optimized, bioactive alginate NP analogue may stimulate NP cells to proliferate and accumulate matrix over a longer period of time than if the PRP were solely encapsulated within the hydrogel. In this study, PRP was chemically bound to alginate using carbodiimide chemistry and mechanically, physically, and cytologically compared to plain alginate as well as alginate containing free-floating lyophilized PRP. The alginates were mechanically and physically characterized; PRP-conjugated alginate had similar mechanical properties to controls and had the benefit of retained PRP proteins within the hydrogel. Human nucleus pulposus cells (hNPCs) were seeded within the modified alginates and cultured for 14 days. Quantification data of glycosaminoglycans suggests that PRP-incorporated alginate has the potential to increase ECM production within the characterized alginate constructs, and that PRP-functionalized alginate can retain protein within the hydrogel over time. This is the first study to functionalize the milieu of PRP proteins onto alginate and characterize the mechanical and physical properties of the modified alginates. This study also incorporates hNPCs into the characterized PRP-modified alginates to observe phenotypic maintenance when encapsulated within the in situ gelling constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Growney
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÙRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation & Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Houston R Linder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation & Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation & Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - J Gary Bledsoe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation & Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation & Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Hudson KD, Bonassar LJ. Hypoxic Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Three-Dimensional Maturation of Tissue-Engineered Intervertebral Discs. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:293-300. [PMID: 27903131 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture of three-dimensional (3D) constructs in hypoxic conditions (1-5% O2) has been shown to increase production of extracellular matrix components in primary intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and drive chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Growing evidence suggests that two-dimensional (2D) expansion under hypoxic conditions may have an even greater influence on chondrogenesis in MSCs. This study aims to determine the effects of hypoxia during 2D expansion and subsequent 3D culture on the in vitro maturation of tissue-engineered IVDs (TE-IVDs) made with hMSCs, using a previously developed TE-IVD system. hMSCs were expanded in either hypoxic (5% O2) or normoxic (21% O2) conditions before construction of TE-IVDs. Discs were cultured in 3D in either hypoxic or normoxic conditions to create four experimental groups. Discs made from MSCs expanded in hypoxia were up to 141% stiffer than those made with normoxia-expanded MSCs. Similar patterns were seen in all mechanical properties. Increases in glycosaminoglycan content and collagen content in the nucleus pulposus (NP) were associated with 3D hypoxic culture. A boundary region between the manufactured fibrosus and NP regions developed by 2 weeks and mimicked the organization of the native disc. Hypoxic conditions in both 2D expansion and subsequent 3D culture improved the maturation of TE-IVDs made with hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Hudson
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
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Effect of perfluorotributylamine-enriched alginate on nucleus pulposus cell: Implications for intervertebral disc regeneration. Biomaterials 2015; 82:34-47. [PMID: 26741882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Various scaffolds have been attempted for intervertebral disc regeneration, but their effectiveness was limited by loss of nutrients within the scaffolds. It has been suggested that the disc is not severely hypoxic and limited availability of oxygen results in disc degeneration. Therefore, a certain oxygen level might be beneficial for disc regeneration, which has not been given enough attention in previous studies. Here, we used perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) for the first time as an oxygen regulator in alginate scaffold for disc regeneration in vitro and in vivo. We found that the characteristics of alginate were not affected by PFTBA and the oxygen level of the scaffold was regulated. Then, human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were cultured in the PFTBA-enriched alginates. It was found that PFTBA could promote NP cell survival and proliferation. In addition, 2.5% PFTBA was capable of regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) to a disc-like tissue graft with little effect on the expression of NP cell markers. Finally, 2.5% PFTBA-enriched alginate was found to restore the disc height and the ECM in a mouse disc degeneration model, indicating its beneficial effect on alleviating disc degeneration. These findings highlight the promising application of PFTBA in further intervertebral disc regeneration.
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11
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Gorth DJ, Lothstein KE, Chiaro JA, Farrell MJ, Dodge GR, Elliott DM, Malhotra NR, Mauck RL, Smith LJ. Hypoxic regulation of functional extracellular matrix elaboration by nucleus pulposus cells in long-term agarose culture. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:747-54. [PMID: 25640328 PMCID: PMC4408762 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is strongly implicated as a cause of low back pain. Since current treatments for discogenic low back pain show poor long-term efficacy, a number of new biological strategies are being pursued. For such therapies to succeed, it is critical that they be validated in conditions that mimic the unique biochemical microenvironment of the nucleus pulposus (NP), which include low oxygen tension. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oxygen tension on NP cell functional extracellular matrix elaboration in 3D culture. Bovine NP cells were encapsulated in agarose constructs and cultured for 14 or 42 days in either 20% or 2% oxygen in defined media containing transforming growth factor beta-3. At each time point, extracellular matrix composition, biomechanics, and mRNA expression of key phenotypic markers were evaluated. Results showed that while bulk mechanics and composition were largely independent of oxygen level, low oxygen promoted improved restoration of the NP phenotype, higher mRNA expression of extracellular matrix and NP specific markers, and more uniform matrix elaboration. These findings indicate that culture under physiological oxygen levels is an important consideration for successful development of cell and growth factor-based regenerative strategies for the disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Gorth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine E Lothstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Chiaro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan J Farrell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George R Dodge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dawn M Elliott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, DE, USA
| | - Neil R Malhotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lachlan J Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
,Correspondence Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA, Phone: 215 746 2169, Fax: 215 573 2133,
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