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Wan S, Aregueta Robles U, Poole-Warren L, Esrafilzadeh D. Advances in 3D tissue models for neural engineering: self-assembled versus engineered tissue models. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3522-3549. [PMID: 38829222 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering has emerged as a promising field that aims to create functional neural tissue for therapeutic applications, drug screening, and disease modelling. It is becoming evident in the literature that this goal requires development of three-dimensional (3D) constructs that can mimic the complex microenvironment of native neural tissue, including its biochemical, mechanical, physical, and electrical properties. These 3D models can be broadly classified as self-assembled models, which include spheroids, organoids, and assembloids, and engineered models, such as those based on decellularized or polymeric scaffolds. Self-assembled models offer advantages such as the ability to recapitulate neural development and disease processes in vitro, and the capacity to study the behaviour and interactions of different cell types in a more realistic environment. However, self-assembled constructs have limitations such as lack of standardised protocols, inability to control the cellular microenvironment, difficulty in controlling structural characteristics, reproducibility, scalability, and lengthy developmental timeframes. Integrating biomimetic materials and advanced manufacturing approaches to present cells with relevant biochemical, mechanical, physical, and electrical cues in a controlled tissue architecture requires alternate engineering approaches. Engineered scaffolds, and specifically 3D hydrogel-based constructs, have desirable properties, lower cost, higher reproducibility, long-term stability, and they can be rapidly tailored to mimic the native microenvironment and structure. This review explores 3D models in neural tissue engineering, with a particular focus on analysing the benefits and limitations of self-assembled organoids compared with hydrogel-based engineered 3D models. Moreover, this paper will focus on hydrogel based engineered models and probe their biomaterial components, tuneable properties, and fabrication techniques that allow them to mimic native neural tissue structures and environment. Finally, the current challenges and future research prospects of 3D neural models for both self-assembled and engineered models in neural tissue engineering will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqian Wan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Ulises Aregueta Robles
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Laura Poole-Warren
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Li X, Zhang X, Hao M, Wang D, Jiang Z, Sun L, Gao Y, Jin Y, Lei P, Zhuo Y. The application of collagen in the repair of peripheral nerve defect. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973301. [PMID: 36213073 PMCID: PMC9542778 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a natural polymer expressed in the extracellular matrix of the peripheral nervous system. It has become increasingly crucial in peripheral nerve reconstruction as it was involved in regulating Schwann cell behaviors, maintaining peripheral nerve functions during peripheral nerve development, and being strongly upregulated after nerve injury to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Moreover, its biological properties, such as low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability make it a suitable biomaterial for peripheral nerve repair. Collagen provides a suitable microenvironment to support Schwann cells’ growth, proliferation, and migration, thereby improving the regeneration and functional recovery of peripheral nerves. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of collagen as a biomaterial, analyze its role in peripheral nerve regeneration, and provide a detailed overview of the recent advances concerning the optimization of collagen nerve conduits in terms of physical properties and structure, as well as the application of the combination with the bioactive component in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
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Leckenby JI, Chacon MA, Milek D, Lichtman JW, Grobbelaar AO. Axonal Regeneration Through Autologous Grafts: Does the Axonal Load Influence Regeneration? J Surg Res 2022; 280:379-388. [PMID: 36037615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Two-stage free functional muscle transfers for long-standing facial palsy can yield unpredictable results. Earlier studies have demonstrated incomplete regeneration across neurorrhaphies in native nerve and higher donor axonal counts correlating with improved outcomes but axonal count in nerve grafts have not been as thoroughly reviewed. To investigate the impact of varying axonal counts in autologous grafts on functional outcomes of repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were allocated into three groups: Direct Nerve Repair (DNR, n = 50), Small Nerve Graft (SNG, n = 50), and Large Nerve Graft (LNG, n = 50). All grafts were inset into the Posterior Auricular Nerve with ear movement recovery (EMR) monitored as functional outcome. At various postoperative weeks (POWs), excised specimens were imaged with electron microscopy. Axonal counts were measured proximal to, distal (DAC) to, and within grafts. Total Success Ratio (TSR) was calculated. RESULTS In DNR, DAC was significantly lower than proximal axonal counts at all POWs, with maximum TSR of 80%. TSR for LNG and SNG were significantly lower at all POWs when compared to DNR, with maximums of 56% and 38%, respectively. LNG had a significantly larger DAC than SNG at POW12 and beyond. A direct relationship was present between DAC and EMR for all values. CONCLUSIONS Higher native axonal count of autologous nerve grafts resulted in higher percentage of regeneration across neurorrhaphies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Leckenby
- The Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, United Kingdom; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
| | | | - David Milek
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jeff W Lichtman
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Adriaan O Grobbelaar
- The Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, United Kingdom; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom
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Behroozi Z, Ramezani F, Nasirinezhad F. Human umbilical cord blood-derived platelet -rich plasma: a new window for motor function recovery and axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113840. [PMID: 35525286 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are complex mechanisms for reducing intrinsic repairability and neuronal regeneration following spinal cord injury (SCI). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a rich source of growth factors and has been used to motivate the regeneration of peripheral nerves in neurodegenerative disorders. However, only a few studies have shown the effects of PRP on the SCI models. METHODS We investigated whether PRP derived from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB-PRP) could recover motor function in animals with spinal cord injury. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=60) as control, sham (laminectomy without induction of spinal cord injury), SCI, vehicle (SCI+ Platelet-Poor Plasma), PRP2day (SCI+PRP injection 2 days after SCI), and PRP14day (SCI+PRP injection 14 days after SCI). SCI was performed at the T12-T13 level. BBB test was carried out weekly after injury for six weeks. Caspase3 expression was determined using the Immunohistochemistry technique. The expression of GSK3β, CSF-tau, and MAG was determined using the Western blot technique. Data were analyzed by PRISM & SPSS software. RESULTS HUCB-PRP treated animals showed a higher locomotor function recovery than those in the SCI group (p<0.0001). The level of caspase3, GSK3β and CSF- Tau reduced and the MAG level in the spinal cord increased by the injection of HUCB-PRP in SCI animals. CONCLUSION Injection of HUCB-PRP enhanced hind limb locomotor performance by modulation of caspase3, GSK3β, CSF-tau, and MAG expression. Using HUCB-PRP could be a new therapeutic option for recovering motor function and axonal regeneration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Behroozi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences; Center for Experimental and Comparative Study, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ma X, Wang M, Ran Y, Wu Y, Wang J, Gao F, Liu Z, Xi J, Ye L, Feng Z. Design and Fabrication of Polymeric Hydrogel Carrier for Nerve Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081549. [PMID: 35458307 PMCID: PMC9031091 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve regeneration and repair still remain a huge challenge for both central nervous and peripheral nervous system. Although some therapeutic substances, including neuroprotective agents, clinical drugs and stem cells, as well as various growth factors, are found to be effective to promote nerve repair, a carrier system that possesses a sustainable release behavior, in order to ensure high on-site concentration during the whole repair and regeneration process, and high bioavailability is still highly desirable. Hydrogel, as an ideal delivery system, has an excellent loading capacity and sustainable release behavior, as well as tunable physical and chemical properties to adapt to various biomedical scenarios; thus, it is thought to be a suitable carrier system for nerve repair. This paper reviews the structure and classification of hydrogels and summarizes the fabrication and processing methods that can prepare a suitable hydrogel carrier with specific physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, the modulation of the physical and chemical properties of hydrogels is also discussed in detail in order to obtain a better therapeutic effect to promote nerve repair. Finally, the future perspectives of hydrogel microsphere carriers for stroke rehabilitation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.M.); (Z.F.)
| | - Mengjie Wang
- School of Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China;
| | - Yuanyuan Ran
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.R.); (F.G.)
| | - Yusi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.W.); (J.W.)
- NUIST-UoR International Research Institute, Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Fuhai Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.R.); (F.G.)
| | - Zongjian Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.R.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-1056981363 (Z.L.); +86-1056981279 (J.X.); +86-1068912650 (L.Y.)
| | - Jianing Xi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.R.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-1056981363 (Z.L.); +86-1056981279 (J.X.); +86-1068912650 (L.Y.)
| | - Lin Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.M.); (Z.F.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-1056981363 (Z.L.); +86-1056981279 (J.X.); +86-1068912650 (L.Y.)
| | - Zengguo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.M.); (Z.F.)
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Mini review: Biomaterials in repair and regeneration of nerve in a volumetric muscle loss. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136145. [PMID: 34332029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) following a severe trauma or injury is beyond the intrinsic regenerative capacity of muscle tissues, and hence interventional therapy is required. Extensive muscle loss concomitant with damage to neuromuscular components overwhelms the muscles' remarkable regenerative capacity. The loss of nervous and vascular tissue leads to further damage and atrophy, so a combined treatment for neuromuscular junction (NMJ) along with the volumetric muscle regeneration is important. There have been immense advances in the field of tissue engineering for skeletal muscle tissue and peripheral nerve regeneration, but very few address the interdependence of the tissues and the need for combined therapies to repair and regenerate fully functional muscle tissue. This review addresses the problem and presents an overview of the biomaterials that have been studied for tissue engineering of neuromuscular tissues associated with skeletal muscles.
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Fornaro M, Marcus D, Rattin J, Goral J. Dynamic Environmental Physical Cues Activate Mechanosensitive Responses in the Repair Schwann Cell Phenotype. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020425. [PMID: 33671410 PMCID: PMC7922665 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells plastically change in response to nerve injury to become a newly reconfigured repair phenotype. This cell is equipped to sense and interact with the evolving and unusual physical conditions characterizing the injured nerve environment and activate intracellular adaptive reprogramming as a consequence of external stimuli. Summarizing the literature contributions on this matter, this review is aimed at highlighting the importance of the environmental cues of the regenerating nerve as key factors to induce morphological and functional changes in the Schwann cell population. We identified four different microenvironments characterized by physical cues the Schwann cells sense via interposition of the extracellular matrix. We discussed how the physical cues of the microenvironment initiate changes in Schwann cell behavior, from wrapping the axon to becoming a multifunctional denervated repair cell and back to reestablishing contact with regenerated axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fornaro
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies (CGS), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine (CCOM), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (D.M.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +001-630-515-6055
| | - Dominic Marcus
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine (CCOM), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (D.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacob Rattin
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine (CCOM), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (D.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Joanna Goral
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies (CGS), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine (CCOM), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (D.M.); (J.R.)
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Longur ES, Yiğit Ö, Kalaycık Ertugay Ç, Araz Server E, Adatepe T, Akakın D, Orun O, Karagöz Köroğlu A. Effect of Bumetanide on Facial Nerve Regeneration in Rat Model. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 164:117-123. [PMID: 32600218 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820937670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of bumetanide alone and in combination with dexamethasone on facial nerve regeneration in rats with facial paralysis. STUDY DESIGN A prospective controlled animal study. SETTING An animal laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Facial paralysis was induced in 32 Wistar rats that we then divided into 4 groups: group 1, control; group 2, bumetanide; group 3, dexamethasone; group 4, bumetanide and dexamethasone. Electroneurography was performed 1, 2, and 4 weeks later, and nerve regeneration was evaluated by electron and light microscopy and Western blotting in week 4. RESULTS Regarding the comparison between preoperative values and week 4, the latency difference in group 1 (1.25 milliseconds) was significantly higher than those of groups 2 to 4 (0.56, 0.34, and 0.10 milliseconds, respectively; P = .001). The latency increment in groups 2 and 3 was higher than that of group 4 (P = .002 and P = .046) in week 4, whereas groups 2 and 3 did not differ significantly (P = .291). Amplitude difference was not statistically significant from week 4 among all groups (all P > .05). The number of myelinated axons was significantly higher in all treatment groups than in the control group (P = .001). Axon number and intensity were significantly higher in group 4 as compared with groups 2 and 3 (P = .009, P = .005). CONCLUSION After primary neurorrhaphy, dexamethasone and bumetanide alone promoted nerve recovery based on electrophysiologic and histologic measures. Combination therapy was, however, superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Sevim Longur
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ercis State Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yiğit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Kalaycık Ertugay
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ela Araz Server
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Adatepe
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Orun
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Karagöz Köroğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sencar L, Güven M, Şaker D, Sapmaz T, Tuli A, Polat S. Ultrastructural effects of nerve growth factor and betamethasone on nerve regeneration after experimental nerve injury. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:436-449. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1850965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leman Sencar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Güven
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Çukurova University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Adana, Turkey
| | - Dilek Şaker
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Sapmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Tuli
- Department of Biochemistry, Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sait Polat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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Lien BV, Brown NJ, Ransom SC, Lehrich BM, Shahrestani S, Tafreshi AR, Ransom RC, Sahyouni R. Enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration with neurotrophic factors and bioengineered scaffolds: A basic science and clinical perspective. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2020; 25:320-334. [DOI: 10.1111/jns.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian V. Lien
- School of Medicine University of California Irvine California USA
| | - Nolan J. Brown
- School of Medicine University of California Irvine California USA
| | - Seth C. Ransom
- College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA
| | - Brandon M. Lehrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Irvine California USA
| | - Shane Shahrestani
- Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Medical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | - Ali R. Tafreshi
- Department of Neurological Surgery Geisinger Health System Danville Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ryan C. Ransom
- Department of Neurological Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Ronald Sahyouni
- Department of Neurological Surgery University of California San Diego California USA
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Samadian H, Maleki H, Fathollahi A, Salehi M, Gholizadeh S, Derakhshankhah H, Allahyari Z, Jaymand M. Naturally occurring biological macromolecules-based hydrogels: Potential biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:795-817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mitsuzawa S, Ikeguchi R, Aoyama T, Takeuchi H, Yurie H, Oda H, Ohta S, Ushimaru M, Ito T, Tanaka M, Kunitomi Y, Tsuji M, Akieda S, Nakayama K, Matsuda S. The Efficacy of a Scaffold-free Bio 3D Conduit Developed from Autologous Dermal Fibroblasts on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in a Canine Ulnar Nerve Injury Model: A Preclinical Proof-of-Concept Study. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1231-1241. [PMID: 31185736 PMCID: PMC6767885 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719855346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous nerve grafting is widely accepted as the gold standard treatment for segmental
nerve defects. To overcome the inevitable disadvantages of the original method,
alternative methods such as the tubulization technique have been developed. Several
studies have investigated the characteristics of an ideal nerve conduit in terms of
supportive cells, scaffolds, growth factors, and vascularity. Previously, we confirmed
that biological scaffold-free conduits fabricated from human dermal fibroblasts promote
nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. The purpose of this study is to
evaluate the feasibility of biological scaffold-free conduits composed of autologous
dermal fibroblasts using a large-animal model. Six male beagle dogs were used in this
study. Eight weeks before surgery, dermal fibroblasts were harvested from their groin skin
and grown in culture. Bio 3D conduits were assembled from proliferating dermal fibroblasts
using a Bio 3D printer. The ulnar nerve in each dog’s forelimb was exposed under general
anesthesia and sharply cut to create a 5 mm interstump gap, which was bridged by the
prepared 8 mm Bio 3D conduit. Ten weeks after surgery, nerve regeneration was
investigated. Electrophysiological studies detected compound muscle action potentials
(CMAPs) of the hypothenar muscles and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in all
animals. Macroscopic observation showed regenerated ulnar nerves. Low-level hypothenar
muscle atrophy was confirmed. Immunohistochemical, histological, and morphometric studies
confirmed the existence of many myelinated axons through the Bio 3D conduit. No severe
adverse event was reported. Hypothenar muscles were re-innervated by regenerated nerve
fibers through the Bio 3D conduit. The scaffold-free Bio 3D conduit fabricated from
autologous dermal fibroblasts is effective for nerve regeneration in a canine ulnar nerve
injury model. This technology was feasible as a treatment for peripheral nerve injury and
segmental nerve defects in a preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaki Mitsuzawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisataka Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yurie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Souichi Ohta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mika Ushimaru
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ito
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Koichi Nakayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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The Use and Delivery of Stem Cells in Nerve Regeneration: Preclinical Evidence and Regulatory Considerations. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 80:448-456. [PMID: 29166311 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes following peripheral nerve injury remain poor despite the regenerative capacity displayed by the peripheral nervous system. Current therapies are limited and do not provide satisfactory functional recovery in a multitude of cases. Biomaterials have decreased the need for nerve autograft across small nerve gaps in small-caliber nerves, but the lack of a cellular substrate presents a limiting factor to the effectiveness of this therapy. Schwann cells are the supportive cells in the peripheral nervous system and play an integral role in the physiological response and regeneration following nerve injury. Limitations to autologous Schwann cells include donor site morbidity during harvesting, limited expansion capability, and finite source. Stem cells are multipotent or pluripotent cells with self-renewing capabilities that show promise to improve functional recovery following nerve injury. Differentiation of stem cells into supportive Schwann cells could provide additional trophic support without the disadvantages of autologous Schwann cells, providing an avenue to improve existing therapies. A variety of stem cells have been evaluated in animal models for this clinical application; the current options, along with their clinical feasibility, are summarized in this article.
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14
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Liu Y, Yu S, Gu X, Cao R, Cui S. Tissue-engineered nerve grafts using a scaffold-independent and injectable drug delivery system: a novel design with translational advantages. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:036030. [PMID: 30965290 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab17a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently commercially available nerve conduits have demonstrated suboptimal clinical efficacy in repairing peripheral nerve defects. Although tissue-engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) with sustained release of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are experimentally proved to be more effective than these blank conduits, there remains a lack of clinical translation. NTFs are typically immobilized onto scaffold materials of the conduit via adsorption, specific binding or other incorporation techniques. These scaffold-based delivery strategies increase complexity and cost of conduit fabrication and lack flexibility in choosing different drugs. Therefore, to facilitate clinical translation and commercialization, we construct a TENG using a scaffold-independent drug delivery system (DDS). APPROACH This study adopted a scaffold-independent DDS based on methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly(γ-ethyl-L-glutamate) (mPEG-PELG) thermosensitive hydrogels that undergo sol-to-gel transition at body temperature. In addition, TENG, a chitosan scaffold filled with nerve growth factor (NGF)-loaded mPEG-PELG that gel in the lumen upon injection during surgery and function as a drug-releasing conduit-filler, was designed. Subsequently, the efficacy of DDS and therapeutic effects of TENG were assessed. MAIN RESULTS The results demonstrated that NGF-loaded mPEG-PELG controllably and sustainably released bioactive NGF for 28 d. When bridging a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap, the morphological, electrophysiological, and functional analyses revealed that NGF-releasing TENG (Scaffold + NGF/mPEG-PELG) achieved superior regenerative outcomes compared to plain scaffolds and those combined with systemic delivery of NGF (daily intramuscular injection (IM)), and its effects were relatively similar to autografts. SIGNIFICANCE This study has proposed a TENG using thermosensitive hydrogels as an injectable implant to controllably release NGF, which has promising therapeutic potential and translatability. Such TENGs obviate the need for conduit modification, complex preloading or binding mediators, therefore they allow the ease of drug switching in clinical practice and greatly simplify the manufacturing process due to the independent preparation of drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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15
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Stem cell paracrine effect and delivery strategies for spinal cord injury regeneration. J Control Release 2019; 300:141-153. [PMID: 30851286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complicated neuropathological condition that results in functional dysfunction and paralysis. Various treatments have been proposed including drugs, biological factors and cells administered in several ways. Stem cell therapy offers a potentially revolutionary mode to repair the damaged spinal cord after injury. Initially, stem cells were considered promising for replacing cells and tissue lost after SCI. Many studies looked at their differentiation to replace neuronal and glial cells for a better functional outcome. However, it is becoming clear that different functional improvements recognized to stem cells are due to biomolecular activities by the transplanted stem cells rather than cell replacement. This review aimed to discuss the paracrine mechanisms for tissue repair and regeneration after stem cell transplantation in SCI. It focuses on stem cell factor production, effect in tissue restoration, and novel delivery strategies to use them for SCI therapy.
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16
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Dixon AR, Jariwala SH, Bilis Z, Loverde JR, Pasquina PF, Alvarez LM. Bridging the gap in peripheral nerve repair with 3D printed and bioprinted conduits. Biomaterials 2018; 186:44-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Sarker M, Naghieh S, McInnes AD, Schreyer DJ, Chen X. Regeneration of peripheral nerves by nerve guidance conduits: Influence of design, biopolymers, cells, growth factors, and physical stimuli. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 171:125-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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The influence of cross-sectional morphology on the compressive resistance of polymeric nerve conduits. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Petcu EB, Midha R, McColl E, Popa-Wagner A, Chirila TV, Dalton PD. 3D printing strategies for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biofabrication 2018; 10:032001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaaf50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Sarker M, Naghieh S, McInnes AD, Schreyer DJ, Chen X. Strategic Design and Fabrication of Nerve Guidance Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700635. [PMID: 29396994 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been drawing considerable attention as an aid to promote regeneration of injured axons across damaged peripheral nerves. Ideally, NGCs should include physical and topographic axon guidance cues embedded as part of their composition. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in the development of NGCs that promote directional axonal regrowth so as to repair severed nerves. This paper briefly reviews the recent designs and fabrication techniques of NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration. Studies associated with versatile design and preparation of NGCs fabricated with either conventional or rapid prototyping (RP) techniques have been examined and reviewed. The effect of topographic features of the filler material as well as porous structure of NGCs on axonal regeneration has also been examined from the previous studies. While such strategies as macroscale channels, lumen size, groove geometry, use of hydrogel/matrix, and unidirectional freeze-dried surface are seen to promote nerve regeneration, shortcomings such as axonal dispersion and wrong target reinnervation still remain unsolved. On this basis, future research directions are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sarker
- Division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan, 57 campus drive, SK S7N 5A9, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Saman Naghieh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan, 57 campus drive, SK S7N 5A9, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Adam D McInnes
- Division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan, 57 campus drive, SK S7N 5A9, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David J Schreyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan, 57 campus drive, SK S7N 5A9, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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21
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Prest TA, Yeager E, LoPresti ST, Zygelyte E, Martin MJ, Dong L, Gibson A, Olutoye OO, Brown BN, Cheetham J. Nerve-specific, xenogeneic extracellular matrix hydrogel promotes recovery following peripheral nerve injury. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:450-459. [PMID: 28891122 PMCID: PMC5745279 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve possesses the inherent ability to regrow and recover following injury. However, nerve regeneration is often slow and incomplete due to limitations associated with the local microenvironment during the repair process. Manipulation of the local microenvironment at the site of nerve repair, therefore, represents a significant opportunity for improvement in downstream outcomes. Macrophages and Schwann cells play a key role in the orchestration of early events after peripheral nerve injury. We describe the production, characterization, and use of an injectable, peripheral nerve-specific extracellular matrix-based hydrogel (PNSECM) for promoting modulation of the local macrophage and Schwann cell responses at the site of nerve repair in a rodent model of sciatic nerve injury. We show that PNSECM hydrogels largely maintain the matrix structure associated with normal native peripheral nerve tissue. PNSECM hydrogels were also found to promote increased macrophage invasion, higher percentages of M2 macrophages and enhanced Schwann cell migration when used as a lumen filler in a rodent model of nerve gap repair using an inert nerve guidance conduit. These results suggest that an injectable PNSECM hydrogel can provide a supportive, bioactive scaffold which promotes repair of peripheral nerve in vivo. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 450-459, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A. Prest
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eric Yeager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Samuel T. LoPresti
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Longying Dong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Alexis Gibson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Oluyinka O. Olutoye
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bryan N. Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jonathan Cheetham
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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22
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Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Gan L, Yi L, Zhao Y, Xue J, Luo L, Du Q, Geng R, Sun Z, Benkirane-Jessel N, Chen P, Li Y, Chen Y. Enhanced Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by a High Surface Area to Volume Ratio of Nerve Conduits Fabricated from Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Composite Sponges. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7471-7481. [PMID: 30023554 PMCID: PMC6044839 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Multichannel nerve guide conduits (MCNGCs) have been widely studied and exhibited outstanding nerve repair function. However, the effect of the geometric structure of MCNGCs on the nerve repair function was still not clear. Herein, we postulated that MCNGCs with different inner surface area-to-volume ratios (ISA/V) of the channels inside the nerve guide conduits (NGCs) would show different nerve repair functions. Therefore, in current work, we constructed a series of hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein sponge-based nerve conduit (HSSN) with low, medium, and high ISA/V from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/soy protein isolate (SPI) composite sponges, which were abbreviated as HSSN-L, HSSN-M and HSSN-H, respectively. These NGCs were applied to bridge and repair a 10 mm long sciatic nerve defect in a rat model. Finally, the influence of ISA/V on nerve repair function was evaluated by electrophysiological assessment, histological investigation, and in vivo biodegradability testing. The results of electrophysiological assessment and histological investigation showed that the regenerative nerve tissues bridged with HSSN-H and HSSN-M had higher compound muscle action potential amplitude ratio, higher percentage of positive NF200 and S100 staining, larger axon diameter, lower G-ratio, and greater myelination thickness. Furthermore, the regenerative nerve tissues bridged with HSSN-H also showed higher density of regenerated myelinated nerve fibers and more number of myelin sheath layers. On the whole, the repair efficiency of the peripheral nerve in HSSN-H and HSSN-M groups might be better than that in HSSN-L. These results indicated that higher ISA/V based on HEC/SPI composite sponge may result in greater nerve repair functions. The conclusion provided a probable guiding principle for the structural designs of NGCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanteng Zhao
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department
of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Gan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department
of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Wuhan
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Li Yi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jingling Xue
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lihua Luo
- Laboratory
of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qiaoyue Du
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rongxin Geng
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM
(French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), Osteoarticular
and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine Laboratory, UMR 1109, Faculté
de Médecine, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- Université
de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Pu Chen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yinping Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- E-mail: (Y.L.)
| | - Yun Chen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- E-mail: (Y.C.)
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23
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Yao Y, Cui Y, Zhao Y, Xiao Z, Li X, Han S, Chen B, Fang Y, Wang P, Pan J, Dai J. Efect of longitudinally oriented collagen conduit combined with nerve growth factor on nerve regeneration after dog sciatic nerve injury. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:2131-2139. [PMID: 29024435 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The research on artificial nerve conduits has become a focus of study in peripheral nerve reconstruction so as a possible replacement for the treatment of autologous nerve grafts in clinics. In this study, we used longitudinally oriented collagen conduit (LOCC) combined with nerve growth factor (NGF) to reconstruct long distance of sciatic nerve defects (35 mm) in adult dog model. The long term follow-up evaluation demonstrated that the LOCC/NGF conduit allowed functional and morphological nerve regeneration at the transection site of the injured sciatic nerve. Furthermore, the functional study confirmed that when NGF was loaded onto LOCC it promoted a better recovery of regenerated axons than LOCC alone. The gastrocnemius muscle mass in the LOCC/NGF group was significantly greater than in the LOCC alone group. The results indicated that when LOCC conduit combined with NGF it would provide a preferential environment for sciatic nerve regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2131-2139, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Reproductive and GeneticNational Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Sufang Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Piao Wang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial, Plastic & Trauma Surgery, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juli Pan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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24
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Guo J, Guo S, Wang Y, Yu Y. Promoting potential of adipose derived stem cells on peripheral nerve regeneration. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7297-7304. [PMID: 28944869 PMCID: PMC5865858 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of treating peripheral nerve defects is reconstructing continuity of the nerve stumps to regain nerve conduction and functional recovery. Clinically, autologous nerve grafts and Schwann cell (SC) therapy have limitations, such as the need for secondary surgery, sacrifice of another nerve and donor site complication. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) may promise to be ideal alternative cells of SCs. To explore the potential of ADSCs promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, the present study investigated the influences of ADSCs on proliferation and neurotrophic function of SCs using co-culture model in vitro. Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, a cell viability assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ELISA were applied for examining the interaction of ADSCs and SCs in a co-culture model in vitro. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry demonstrated that protein expression levels of glial filament acidic protein (GFAP) and S100 in ADSCs co-cultured with SCs for 14 days were significantly higher compared with cells cultured alone. Cell viability assay indicated that the cell viability of SCs co-cultured with ADSCs for 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days was significantly higher than those cultured alone. RT-PCR showed that expression levels of neurotrophic factors [nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)] and extracellular matrix components [fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN)] in SCs co-cultured with ADSCs for 14 days were significantly higher than those in SCs cultured alone. NGF, GDNF, FN and LN in the supernatants of co-culture system were significantly higher than cells cultured alone, as ELISA revealed. The results of this study suggested that the transplantation of ADSCs may have a promoting potential to the peripheral nerve regeneration as undifferentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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25
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Teymur H, Tiftikcioglu YO, Cavusoglu T, Tiftikcioglu BI, Erbas O, Yigitturk G, Uyanikgil Y. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on reconstruction with nerve autografts. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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26
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Marino A, Tonda-Turo C, De Pasquale D, Ruini F, Genchi G, Nitti S, Cappello V, Gemmi M, Mattoli V, Ciardelli G, Ciofani G. Gelatin/nanoceria nanocomposite fibers as antioxidant scaffolds for neuronal regeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:386-395. [PMID: 27864151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The design of efficient nerve conduits able to sustain the axonal outgrowth and its guidance towards appropriate targets is of paramount importance in nerve tissue engineering. METHODS In this work, we propose the preparation of highly aligned nanocomposite fibers of gelatin/cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria), prepared by electrospinning. Nanoceria are powerful self-regenerative antioxidant nanomaterials, that behave as strong reactive oxygen species scavengers, and among various beneficial effects, they have been proven to inhibit the cell senescence and to promote the neurite sprouting. RESULTS After a detailed characterization of the developed substrates, they have been tested on neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells, demonstrating strong antioxidant properties and beneficial multi-cue effects in terms of neurite development and alignment. CONCLUSIONS Obtained findings suggest efficiency of the proposed substrates in providing combined topographical stimuli and antioxidant effects to cultured cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Proposed nanocomposite scaffolds represent a promising approach for nerve tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Marino
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Chiara Tonda-Turo
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele De Pasquale
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Giada Genchi
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Simone Nitti
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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27
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Xu H, Zhang L, Bao Y, Yan X, Yin Y, Li Y, Wang X, Huang Z, Xu P. Preparation and characterization of injectable chitosan–hyaluronic acid hydrogels for nerve growth factor sustained release. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911516662068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The usage of hollow nerve conduits shows inferior recovery effect on the repair of peripheral nerve defects. In this study, a biocompatible and biodegradable pH-induced injectable chitosan–hyaluronic acid hydrogel for nerve growth factor encapsulation and sustained release was developed as the fillers in the lumen of hollow nerve conduit to reform its microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration. The physicochemical properties of hydrogel were characterized by gelation time, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, compressive modulus, porosity, swelling ratio, and in vitro degradation. The in vitro nerve growth factor release profiles and cell evaluation were also investigated. The results show that the structure of chitosan–hyaluronic acid hydrogel is composed of interconnected channels with a controllable pore diameter ranging from 20 to 100 µm. The hydrogel can be degraded more than 70% within 8 weeks in vitro and is available for nerve growth factor sustained release. The chitosan–hyaluronic acid/nerve growth factor hydrogel is non-toxic and suitable for adhesion and proliferation of nerve cells and capable of maintaining nerve growth factor activity. Therefore, it could be a promising intraluminal filler of nerve conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lingxi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yun Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yixia Yin
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Peihu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Olfactory ensheathing glia cell therapy and tubular conduit enhance nerve regeneration after mouse sciatic nerve transection. Brain Res 2016; 1650:243-251. [PMID: 27641994 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative potential of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is widely known, but functional recovery, particularly in humans, is seldom complete. Therefore, it is necessary to resort to strategies that induce or potentiate the PNS regeneration. Our main objective was to test the effectiveness of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (OEC) transplantation into a biodegradable conduit as a therapeutic strategy to improve the repair outcome after nerve injury. Sciatic nerve transection was performed in C57BL/6 mice; proximal and distal stumps of the nerve were sutured into the collagen conduit. Two groups were analyzed: DMEM (acellular grafts) and OEC (1×105/2μL). Locomotor function was assessed weekly by Sciatic Function Index (SFI) and Global Mobility Test (GMT). After eight weeks the sciatic nerve was dissected for morphological analysis. Our results showed that the OEC group exhibited many clusters of regenerated nerve fibers, a higher number of myelinated fibers and myelin area compared to DMEM group. The G-ratio analysis of the OEC group showed significantly more fibers on the most suitable sciatic nerve G-ratio index. Motor recovery was accelerated in the OEC group. These data provide evidence that the OEC therapy can improve sciatic nerve functional and morphological recovery and can be potentially translated to the clinical setting.
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29
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Dezhznz Yin, Xiao Hong Wang, Yongnian Yan, Renji Zhang. Preliminary Studies on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration using a New Polyurethane Conduit. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911506076063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There is currently interest in the use of tube-shaped nerve guides to induce regeneration of severed peripheral nerve axons, to assist nerve growth in the correct directions and to provide protection for the regenerating nerves. In the present paper, preliminary studies on the degradation and biocompatibility of a new elastomeric polyurethane (PU), based on polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol and 1,6-hexamethyl diisocyanate. The PU elastomer was evaluated in vivo for the repair of a 12-mm femoral nerve gap in rabbits. Histological and scanning electron microscope observations were carried out at three days and then 4, 8, 10 and 12 weeks postoperation. Electrophysiological recording was performed six months postoperation. Myelinated axon regeneration was observed from four weeks after implantation. Polymer degradation was observed over the duration of the study. The results suggest that PU channels can be used for the regeneration of peripheral nerves and are suitable for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhznz Yin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education & Center of Bio-manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Life Science and Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education & Center of Bio-manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Life Science and Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongnian Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education & Center of Bio-manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Life Science and Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Renji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education & Center of Bio-manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Life Science and Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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30
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Ezra M, Bushman J, Shreiber D, Schachner M, Kohn J. Porous and Nonporous Nerve Conduits: The Effects of a Hydrogel Luminal Filler With and Without a Neurite-Promoting Moiety. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:818-26. [PMID: 27102571 PMCID: PMC4876540 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve conduits prefilled with hydrogels are frequently explored in an attempt to promote nerve regeneration. This study examines the interplay in vivo between the porosity of the conduit wall and the level of bioactivity of the hydrogel used to fill the conduit. Nerve regeneration in porous (P) or nonporous (NP) conduits that were filled with either collagen only or collagen enhanced with a covalently attached neurite-promoting peptide mimic of the glycan human natural killer cell antigen-1 (m-HNK) were compared in a 5 mm critical size defect in the mouse femoral nerve repair model. Although collagen is a cell-friendly matrix that does not differentiate between neural and nonneural cells, the m-HNK-enhanced collagen specifically promotes axon growth and appropriate motor neuron targeting. In this study, animals treated with NP conduits filled with collagen grafted with m-HNK (CollagenHNK) had the best overall functional recovery, based on a range of histomorphometric observations and parameters of functional recovery. Our data indicate that under some conditions, the use of generally cell friendly fillers such as collagen may limit nerve regeneration. This finding is significant, considering the frequent use of collagen-based hydrogels as fillers of nerve conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Ezra
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jared Bushman
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - David Shreiber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Melitta Schachner
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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31
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Focal release of neurotrophic factors by biodegradable microspheres enhance motor and sensory axonal regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Brain Res 2016; 1636:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Clements BA, Bushman J, Murthy NS, Ezra M, Pastore CM, Kohn J. Design of barrier coatings on kink-resistant peripheral nerve conduits. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416629471. [PMID: 26977288 PMCID: PMC4765812 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416629471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report on the design of braided peripheral nerve conduits with barrier coatings. Braiding of extruded polymer fibers generates nerve conduits with excellent mechanical properties, high flexibility, and significant kink-resistance. However, braiding also results in variable levels of porosity in the conduit wall, which can lead to the infiltration of fibrous tissue into the interior of the conduit. This problem can be controlled by the application of secondary barrier coatings. Using a critical size defect in a rat sciatic nerve model, the importance of controlling the porosity of the nerve conduit walls was explored. Braided conduits without barrier coatings allowed cellular infiltration that limited nerve recovery. Several types of secondary barrier coatings were tested in animal studies, including (1) electrospinning a layer of polymer fibers onto the surface of the conduit and (2) coating the conduit with a cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel. Sixteen weeks after implantation, hyaluronic acid-coated conduits had higher axonal density, displayed higher muscle weight, and better electrophysiological signal recovery than uncoated conduits or conduits having an electrospun layer of polymer fibers. This study indicates that braiding is a promising method of fabrication to improve the mechanical properties of peripheral nerve conduits and demonstrates the need to control the porosity of the conduit wall to optimize functional nerve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Acan Clements
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jared Bushman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - N Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mindy Ezra
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher M Pastore
- Kanbar College of Design, Engineering and Commerce, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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The Role of Current Techniques and Concepts in Peripheral Nerve Repair. PLASTIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4175293. [PMID: 26904282 PMCID: PMC4745297 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4175293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with peripheral nerve injuries, especially severe injury, often face poor nerve regeneration and incomplete functional recovery, even after surgical nerve repair. This review summarizes treatment options of peripheral nerve injuries with current techniques and concepts and reviews developments in research and clinical application of these therapies.
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Abstract
Organ and tissue loss through disease and injury motivate the development of therapies that can regenerate tissues and decrease reliance on transplantations. Regenerative medicine, an interdisciplinary field that applies engineering and life science principles to promote regeneration, can potentially restore diseased and injured tissues and whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, a number of regenerative medicine therapies, including those designed for wound healing and orthopedics applications, have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and are now commercially available. These therapies and other regenerative medicine approaches currently being studied in preclinical and clinical settings will be covered in this review. Specifically, developments in fabricating sophisticated grafts and tissue mimics and technologies for integrating grafts with host vasculature will be discussed. Enhancing the intrinsic regenerative capacity of the host by altering its environment, whether with cell injections or immune modulation, will be addressed, as well as methods for exploiting recently developed cell sources. Finally, we propose directions for current and future regenerative medicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo S Mao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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35
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Carballo-Molina OA, Velasco I. Hydrogels as scaffolds and delivery systems to enhance axonal regeneration after injuries. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:13. [PMID: 25741236 PMCID: PMC4330895 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage caused to neural tissue by disease or injury frequently produces a discontinuity in the nervous system (NS). Such damage generates diverse alterations that are commonly permanent, due to the limited regeneration capacity of the adult NS, particularly the Central Nervous System (CNS). The cellular reaction to noxious stimulus leads to several events such as the formation of glial and fibrous scars, which inhibit axonal regeneration in both the CNS and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Although in the PNS there is some degree of nerve regeneration, it is common that the growing axons reinnervate incorrect areas, causing mismatches. Providing a permissive substrate for axonal regeneration in combination with delivery systems for the release of molecules, which enhances axonal growth, could increase regeneration and the recovery of functions in the CNS or the PNS. Currently, there are no effective vehicles to supply growth factors or cells to the damaged/diseased NS. Hydrogels are polymers that are biodegradable, biocompatible and have the capacity to deliver a large range of molecules in situ. The inclusion of cultured neural cells into hydrogels forming three-dimensional structures allows the formation of synapses and neuronal survival. There is also evidence showing that hydrogels constitute an amenable substrate for axonal growth of endogenous or grafted cells, overcoming the presence of axonal regeneration inhibitory molecules, in both the CNS and PNS. Recent experiments suggest that hydrogels can carry and deliver several proteins relevant for improving neuronal survival and axonal growth. Although the use of hydrogels is appealing, its effectiveness is still a matter of discussion, and more results are needed to achieve consistent recovery using different parameters. This review also discusses areas of opportunity where hydrogels can be applied, in order to promote axonal regeneration of the NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Carballo-Molina
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico, D.F., Mexico
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36
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Yao L, Liu YH, Li X, Ji YH, Yang XJ, Hang XT, Ding ZM, Liu F, Wang YH, Shen AG. CRMP1 Interacted with Spy1 During the Collapse of Growth Cones Induced by Sema3A and Acted on Regeneration After Sciatic Nerve Crush. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:879-893. [PMID: 25526860 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CRMP1, a member of the collapsin response mediator protein family (CRMPs), was reported to regulate axon outgrowth in Sema3A signaling pathways via interactions with its co-receptor protein neuropilin-1 and plexin-As through the Fyn-cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) cascade and the sequential phosphorylation of CRMP1 by lycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Using yeast two-hybrid, we identified a new molecule, Speedy A1 (Spy1), a member of the Speedy/RINGO family, with an interaction with CRMP1. Besides, for the first time, we observed the association of CRMP1 with actin. Based on this, we wondered the association of them and their function in Sema3A-induced growth cones collapse and regeneration process after SNC. During our study, we constructed overexpression plasmid and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to question the relationship of CRMP1/Spy1 and CRMP1/actin. We observed the interactions of CRMP1/Spy1 and CRMP1/actin. Besides, we found that Spy1 could affect CRMP1 phosphorylation actived by CDK5 and that enhanced CRMP1 phosphorylation might disturb the combination of CRMP1 and actin, which would contribute to abnormal of Sema3A-induced growth cones collapse and finally lead to influent regeneration process after rat sciatic nerve crush. Through rat walk footprint test, we also observed the variance during regeneration progress, respectively. We speculated that CRMP1 interacted with Spy1 which would disturb the association of CRMP1 with actin and was involved in the collapse of growth cones induced by Sema3A and regeneration after sciatic nerve crush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Ting Hang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Mei Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai-Guo Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Cirillo V, Clements BA, Guarino V, Bushman J, Kohn J, Ambrosio L. A comparison of the performance of mono- and bi-component electrospun conduits in a rat sciatic model. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8970-82. [PMID: 25085857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic nerve conduits represent a promising strategy to enhance functional recovery in peripheral nerve injury repair. However, the efficiency of synthetic nerve conduits is often compromised by the lack of molecular factors to create an enriched microenvironment for nerve regeneration. Here, we investigate the in vivo response of mono (MC) and bi-component (BC) fibrous conduits obtained by processing via electrospinning poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and gelatin solutions. In vitro studies demonstrate that the inclusion of gelatin leads to uniform electrospun fiber size and positively influences the response of Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRGs) neurons as confirmed by the preferential extensions of neurites from DRG bodies. This behavior can be attributed to gelatin as a bioactive cue for the cultured DRG and to the reduced fibers size. However, in vivo studies in rat sciatic nerve defect model show an opposite response: MC conduits stimulate superior nerve regeneration than gelatin containing PCL conduits as confirmed by electrophysiology, muscle weight and histology. The G-ratio, 0.71 ± 0.07 for MC and 0.66 ± 0.05 for autograft, is close to 0.6, the value measured in healthy nerves. In contrast, BC implants elicited a strong host response and infiltrating tissue occluded the conduits preventing the formation of myelinated axons. Therefore, although gelatin promotes in vitro nerve regeneration, we conclude that bi-component electrospun conduits are not satisfactory in vivo due to intrinsic limits to their mechanical performance and degradation kinetics, which are essential to peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirillo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy (IPCB-CNR), Viale Kennedy 54, Naples 80125, Italy; Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.leTecchio 80, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Basak A Clements
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of NJ, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy (IPCB-CNR), Viale Kennedy 54, Naples 80125, Italy.
| | - Jared Bushman
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of NJ, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of NJ, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy (IPCB-CNR), Viale Kennedy 54, Naples 80125, Italy
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38
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Abstract
With advancements in biological and engineering sciences, the definition of an ideal biomaterial has evolved over the past 50 years from a substance that is inert to one that has select bioinductive properties and integrates well with adjacent host tissue. Biomaterials are a fundamental component of tissue engineering, which aims to replace diseased, damaged, or missing tissue with reconstructed functional tissue. Most biomaterials are less than satisfactory for pediatric patients because the scaffold must adapt to the growth and development of the surrounding tissues and organs over time. The pediatric community, therefore, provides a distinct challenge for the tissue engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Keane
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bridgeside Point 2, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bridgeside Point 2, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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39
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Kuffler DP. An assessment of current techniques for inducing axon regeneration and neurological recovery following peripheral nerve trauma. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 116:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Nerve injury secondary to trauma, neurological disease or tumor excision presents a challenge for surgical reconstruction. Current practice for nerve repair involves autologous nerve transplantation, which is associated with significant donor-site morbidity and other complications. Previously artificial nerve conduits made from polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid and collagen were approved by the FDA (USA) for nerve repair. More recently, there have been significant advances in nerve conduit design that better address the requirements of nerve regrowth. Innovations in materials science, nanotechnology, and biology open the way for the synthesis of new generation nerve repair conduits that address issues currently faced in nerve repair and regeneration. This review discusses recent innovations in this area, including the use of nanotechnology to improve the design of nerve conduits and to enhance nerve regeneration.
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41
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Ozsoy U, Demirel BM, Hizay A, Ozsoy O, Ankerne J, Angelova S, Sarikcioglu L, Ucar Y, Turhan M, Dunlop S, Angelov DN. Manual stimulation of the whisker pad after hypoglossal–facial anastomosis (HFA) using a Y-tube conduit does not improve recovery of whisking function. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:2021-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Carriel V, Alaminos M, Garzón I, Campos A, Cornelissen M. Tissue engineering of the peripheral nervous system. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:301-18. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.887444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Mukhatyar V, Pai B, Clements I, Srinivasan A, Huber R, Mehta A, Mukhopadaya S, Rudra S, Patel G, Karumbaiah L, Bellamkonda R. Molecular sequelae of topographically guided peripheral nerve repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:1436-55. [PMID: 24356852 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries cause severe disability with decreased nerve function often followed by neuropathic pain that impacts the quality of life. Even though use of autografts is the current gold standard, nerve conduits fabricated from electrospun nanofibers have shown promise to successfully bridge critical length nerve gaps. However, in depth analysis of the role of topographical cues in the context of spatio-temporal progression of the regenerative sequence has not been elucidated. Here, we explored the influence of topographical cues (aligned, random, and smooth films) on the regenerative sequence and potential to successfully support nerve regeneration in critical size gaps. A number of key findings emerged at the cellular, cytokine and molecular levels from the study. Higher quantities of IL-1α and TNF-α were detected in aligned fiber based scaffolds. Differential gene expression of BDNF, NGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB3 were observed suggesting a role for these genes in influencing Schwann cell migration, myelination, etc. that impact the regeneration in various topographies. Fibrin matrix stabilization and arrest of nerve-innervated muscle atrophy was also evident. Taken together, our data shed light on the cascade of events that favor regeneration in aligned topography and should stimulate research to further refine the strategy of nerve regeneration using topographical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mukhatyar
- Neurological Biomaterials and Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University School of Medicine, UA Whitaker Building, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
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44
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Doxycycline-regulated GDNF expression promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery in transected peripheral nerve. J Control Release 2013; 172:841-51. [PMID: 24140746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased production of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) is one of the key responses seen following peripheral nerve injury, making them an attractive choice for pro-regenerative gene therapies. However, the downside of over-expression of certain NTFs, including glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), was earlier found to be the trapping and misdirection of regenerating axons, the so-called 'candy-store' effect. We report a proof-of-principle study on the application of conditional GDNF expression system in injured peripheral nerve. We engineered Schwann cells (SCs) using dendrimers or lentiviral transduction with the vector providing doxycycline-regulated GDNF expression. Injection of GDNF-modified cells into the injured peripheral nerve followed by time-restricted administration of doxycycline demonstrated that GDNF expression in SCs can also be controlled locally in the peripheral nerves of the experimental animals. Cell-based GDNF therapy was shown to increase the extent of axonal regeneration, while controlled deactivation of GDNF effectively prevented trapping of regenerating axons in GDNF-enriched areas, and was associated with improved functional recovery.
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45
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Turner NJ, Keane TJ, Badylak SF. Lessons from developmental biology for regenerative medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 99:149-59. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neill J. Turner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy J. Keane
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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46
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Ni HC, Tseng TC, Chen JR, Hsu SH, Chiu IM. Fabrication of bioactive conduits containing the fibroblast growth factor 1 and neural stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration across a 15 mm critical gap. Biofabrication 2013; 5:035010. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/3/035010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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47
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Du BL, Zeng CG, Zhang W, Quan DP, Ling EA, Zeng YS. A comparative study of gelatin sponge scaffolds and PLGA scaffolds transplanted to completely transected spinal cord of rat. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1715-25. [PMID: 23776140 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate whether gelatin sponge (GS) scaffold would produce less acidic medium in injured spinal cord, as compared with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold, to determine which of the two scaffolds as the biomaterial is more suitable for transplantation into spinal cord. GS scaffold or PLGA scaffold was transplanted into a transected spinal cord in this study. Two months after transplantation of scaffolds, acid sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) positive cells expressing microtubule associated protein 2 (Map2) were observed as well as expressing adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) in spinal cord. GFAP positive cells were distributed at the rostral and caudal of the injury/graft area in the GS and PLGA groups. Western blot showed ASIC1a and GFAP expression of injured spinal cord was downregulated in the GS group. The number of CD68 positive cells was fewer and NF nerve fibers were more in the GS group. Nissl staining and cell counting showed that the number of survival neurons was comparable between the GS and PLGA groups in the pyramidal layer of sensorimotor cortex and the red nucleus of midbrain. However, in the Clarke's nucleus at L1 spinal segment, the surviving neurons in the GS group were more numerous than that in the PLGA group. H&E staining showed that the tissue cavities in the GS group were smaller in size than that in the PLGA group. The results suggest that GS scaffold is more suitable for transplantation to promote the recovery of spinal cord injury compared with PLGA scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-ling Du
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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48
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Arslantunali D, Budak G, Hasirci V. Multiwalled CNT-pHEMA composite conduit for peripheral nerve repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:828-41. [PMID: 23554154 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A nerve conduit is designed to improve peripheral nerve regeneration by providing guidance to the nerve cells. Conductivity of such guides is reported to enhance this process. In the current study, a nerve guide was constructed from poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), which was loaded with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (mwCNT) to introduce conductivity. PHEMA hydrogels were designed to have a porous structure to facilitate the transportation of the compounds needed for cell nutrition and growth and also for waste removal. We showed that when loaded with relatively high concentrations of mwCNTs (6%, w/w in hydrogels), the pHEMA guide was more conductive and more hydrophobic than pristine pHEMA hydrogel. The mechanical properties of the composites were better when they carried mwCNT. Elastic modulus of 6% mwCNT loaded pHEMA was twofold higher (0.32 ± 0.06 MPa) and similar to that of the soft tissues. Electrical conductivity was significantly improved (11.4-fold) from 7 × 10(-3) Ω(-1).cm(-1) (pHEMA) to 8.0 × 10(-2) Ω(-1).cm(-1) (6% mwCNT loaded pHEMA). On application of electrical potential, the SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells seeded on mwCNTs carrying pHEMA maintained their viability, whereas those on pure pHEMA could not, indicating that mwCNT helped conduct electricity and make them more suitable as nerve conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arslantunali
- BIOMATEN, METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, METU, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
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49
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Nie X, Deng M, Yang M, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wen X. Axonal Regeneration and Remyelination Evaluation of Chitosan/Gelatin-Based Nerve Guide Combined with Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Schwann Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 68:163-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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50
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Abou Neel EA, Bozec L, Knowles JC, Syed O, Mudera V, Day R, Hyun JK. Collagen--emerging collagen based therapies hit the patient. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:429-56. [PMID: 22960357 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The choice of biomaterials available for regenerative medicine continues to grow rapidly, with new materials often claiming advantages over the short-comings of those already in existence. Going back to nature, collagen is one of the most abundant proteins in mammals and its role is essential to our way of life. It can therefore be obtained from many sources including porcine, bovine, equine or human and offer a great promise as a biomimetic scaffold for regenerative medicine. Using naturally derived collagen, extracellular matrices (ECMs), as surgical materials have become established practice for a number of years. For clinical use the goal has been to preserve as much of the composition and structure of the ECM as possible without adverse effects to the recipient. This review will therefore cover in-depth both naturally and synthetically produced collagen matrices. Furthermore the production of more sophisticated three dimensional collagen scaffolds that provide cues at nano-, micro- and meso-scale for molecules, cells, proteins and bulk fluids by inducing fibrils alignments, embossing and layered configuration through the application of plastic compression technology will be discussed in details. This review will also shed light on both naturally and synthetically derived collagen products that have been available in the market for several purposes including neural repair, as cosmetic for the treatment of dermatologic defects, haemostatic agents, mucosal wound dressing and guided bone regeneration membrane. There are other several potential applications of collagen still under investigations and they are also covered in this review.
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