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Mu J, Hao P, Duan H, Zhao W, Wang Z, Yang Z, Li X. Non-human primate models of focal cortical ischemia for neuronal replacement therapy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1456-1474. [PMID: 37254891 PMCID: PMC10414004 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231179544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence, stroke remains incurable due to the limited regeneration capacity in the central nervous system. Neuronal replacement strategies are highly diverse biomedical fields that attempt to replace lost neurons by utilizing exogenous stem cell transplants, biomaterials, and direct neuronal reprogramming. Although these approaches have achieved encouraging outcomes mostly in the rodent stroke model, further preclinical validation in non-human primates (NHP) is still needed prior to clinical trials. In this paper, we briefly review the recent progress of promising neuronal replacement therapy in NHP stroke studies. Moreover, we summarize the key characteristics of the NHP as highly valuable translational tools and discuss (1) NHP species and their advantages in terms of genetics, physiology, neuroanatomy, immunology, and behavior; (2) various methods for establishing NHP focal ischemic models to study the regenerative and plastic changes associated with motor functional recovery; and (3) a comprehensive analysis of experimentally and clinically accessible outcomes and a potential adaptive mechanism. Our review specifically aims to facilitate the selection of the appropriate NHP cortical ischemic models and efficient prognostic evaluation methods in preclinical stroke research design of neuronal replacement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Li CX, Tong F, Kempf D, Howell L, Zhang X. Longitudinal evaluation of the functional connectivity changes in the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) of the monkey brain during acute stroke. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100097. [PMID: 37404949 PMCID: PMC10315998 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatosensory deficits are frequently seen in acute stroke patients and may recover over time and affect functional outcome. However, the underlying mechanism of function recovery remains poorly understood. In the present study, progressive function alteration of the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and its relationship with regional perfusion and neurological outcome were examined using a monkey model of stroke. Methods and materials Rhesus monkeys (n = 4) were induced with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo). Resting-state functional MRI, dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI, diffusion-weighted, T1 and T2 weighted images were collected before surgery and at 4-6, 48, and 96 h post stroke on a 3T scanner. Progressive changes of relative functional connectivity (FC), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and CBF/Tmax (Time to Maximum) of affected S2 regions were evaluated. Neurological deficits were assessed using the Spetzler approach. Results Ischemic lesion was evidently seen in the MCA territory including S2 in each monkey. Relative FC of injured S2 regions decreased substantially following stroke. Spetzler scores dropped substantially at 24 h post stroke but slightly recovered from Day 2 to Day 4. Relative FC progressively increased from 6 to 48 and 96 h post stroke and correlated significantly with relative CBFand CBF/Tmax changes. Conclusion The present study revealed the progressive alteration of function connectivity in S2 during acute stroke. The preliminary results suggested the function recovery might start couple days post occlusion and collateral circulation might play a key role in the recovery of somatosensory function after stroke insult. The relative function connectivity in S2 may provide additional information for prediction of functional outcome in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Li
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, 30329, Georgia
| | - Frank Tong
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia
| | - Doty Kempf
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, 30329, Georgia
| | - Leonard Howell
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, 30329, Georgia
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, 30329, Georgia
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3
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Meng Y, Li CX, Zhang X. Quantitative Evaluation of Oxygen Extraction Fraction Changes in the Monkey Brain during Acute Stroke by Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1008. [PMID: 37109537 PMCID: PMC10146121 DOI: 10.3390/life13041008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) indicates the brain's oxygen consumption and can be estimated by using the quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI technique. Recent studies have suggested that OEF alteration following stroke is associated with the viability of at-risk tissue. In the present study, the temporal evolution of OEF in the monkey brain during acute stroke was investigated using QSM. METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced in adult rhesus monkeys (n = 8) with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) by using an interventional approach. Diffusion-, T2-, and T2*-weighted images were conducted on day 0, day 2, and day 4 post-stroke using a clinical 3T scanner. Progressive changes in magnetic susceptibility and OEF, along with their correlations with the transverse relaxation rates and diffusion indices, were examined. RESULTS The magnetic susceptibility and OEF in injured gray matter of the brain significantly increased during the hyperacute phase, and then decreased significantly on day 2 and day 4. Moreover, the temporal changes of OEF in gray matter were moderately correlated with mean diffusivity (MD) (r = 0.52; p = 0.046) from day 0 to day 4. Magnetic susceptibility in white matter progressively increased (from negative values to near zero) during acute stroke, and significant increases were seen on day 2 (p = 0.08) and day 4 (p = 0.003) when white matter was significantly degenerated. However, significant reduction of OEF in white matter was not seen until day 4 post-stroke. CONCLUSION The preliminary results demonstrate that QSM-derived OEF is a robust approach to examine the progressive changes of gray matter in the ischemic brain from the hyperacute phase to the subacute phase of stroke. The changes of OEF in gray matter were more prominent than those in white matter following stroke insult. The findings suggest that QSM-derived OEF may provide complementary information for understanding the neuropathology of the brain tissue following stroke and predicting stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Meng
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Chun-Xia Li
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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4
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Lin X, Wang H, Huang S, Chen L, Yang S, Zhao P, Lin Z, Yang J, Ruan L, Ni H, Wang K, Wen M, Jin K, Zhuge Q. A Reliable Nonhuman Primate Model of Ischemic Stroke with Reproducible Infarct Size and Long-term Sensorimotor Deficits. Aging Dis 2023; 14:245-255. [PMID: 36818571 PMCID: PMC9937702 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A nonhuman primate model of ischemic stroke is considered as an ideal preclinical model to replicate various aspects of human stroke because of their similarity to humans in genetics, neuroanatomy, physiology, and immunology. However, it remains challenging to produce a reliable and reproducible stroke model in nonhuman primates due to high mortality and variable outcomes. Here, we developed a focal cerebral ischemic model induced by topical application of 50% ferric chloride (FeCl3) onto the MCA-M1 segment through a cranial window in the cynomolgus monkeys. We found that FeCl3 rapidly produced a stable intraarterial thrombus that caused complete occlusion of the MCA, leading to the quick decrease of the regional cerebral blood flow in 10 min. A typical cortical infarct was detected 24 hours by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was stable at least for 1 month after surgery. The sensorimotor deficit assessed by nonhuman primate stroke scale was observed at 1 day and up to 3 months after ischemic stroke. No spontaneous revascularization or autolysis of thrombus was observed, and vital signs were not affected. All operated cynomolgus monkeys survived. Our data suggested that FeCl3-induced stroke in nonhuman primates was a replicable and reliable model that is necessary for the correct prediction of the relevance of experimental therapeutic approaches in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Shengwei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Lefu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Su Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Peiqi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Linhui Ruan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Haoqi Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Kankai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Min Wen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Qichuan Zhuge, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .
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5
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Liu J, Wang Y, Yin J, Zi L, Xiong X, Jian Z. A Canine Surgical Model of Stroke by Minimally Invasive Occlusion of the Proximal Middle Cerebral Artery. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:370-375. [PMID: 36735113 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a model of ischemic stroke by surgical proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was developed on 10 beagle dogs. The advantages of this model are the transtemporal approach and a minimally invasive surgical procedure. Dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: sham-operated (proximal MCA exposure without occlusion) and experimental (permanent proximal MCA occlusion) groups. Different evaluation methods were used to assess the consequences of MCA occlusion in dogs, including neurobehavioral tests, MRI, and immunohistochemical staining. Clear signs of cerebral infarction associated with the region supplied by MCA were confirmed and the model showed good repeatability and consistency. The model can serve as an appropriate large animal model to improve the translation of stroke therapeutics research from the laboratory to the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - J Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - L Zi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - X Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Z Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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6
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Meng Y, Li CX, Zhang X. Improving delineation of the corticospinal tract in the monkey brain scanned with conventional DTI by using a compressed sensing based algorithm. INVESTIGATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 2022; 26:265-274. [PMID: 36698482 PMCID: PMC9873154 DOI: 10.13104/imri.2022.26.4.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The corticospinal tract (CST) is a major tract for motor function. It can be impaired by stroke. Its degeneration is associated with stroke outcome. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography plays an important role in assessing fiber bundle integrity. However, it is limited in detecting crossing fibers in the brain. The crossing fiber angular resolution of intra-voxel structure (CFARI) algorithm shows potential to resolve complex fibers in the brain. The objective of the present study was to improve delineation of CST pathways in monkey brains scanned by conventional DTI. Methods Healthy rhesus monkeys were scanned by diffusion MRI with 128 diffusion encoding directions to evaluate the CFARI algorithm. Four monkeys with ischemic occlusion were also scanned with DTI (b = 1000 s/mm2, 30 diffusion directions) at 6, 48, and 96 hours post stroke. CST fibers were reconstructed with DTI and CFARI-based tractography and evaluated. A two-way repeated MANOVA was used to determine significances of changes in DTI indices, tract number, and volumes of the CST between hemispheres or post-stroke time points. Results CFARI algorithm revealed substantially more fibers originated from the ventral premotor cortex in healthy and stroke monkey brains than DTI tractography. In addition, CFARI showed better sensitivity in detecting CST abnormality than DTI tractography following stroke. Conclusion CFARI significantly improved delineation of the CST in the brain scanned by DTI with 30 gradient directions. It showed better sensitivity in detecting abnormity of the CST following stroke. Preliminary results suggest that CFARI could facilitate prediction of function outcomes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Meng
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329
| | - Chun-Xia Li
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- EPC Imaging Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329,Division of Neurological Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329,Correspondence to: Dr. Xiaodong Zhang, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA, Telephone: 1-404-712-9874, Fax: 1-404-712-9917,
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7
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A clinically relevant model of focal embolic cerebral ischemia by thrombus and thrombolysis in rhesus monkeys. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2054-2084. [PMID: 35760857 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over decades of research into the treatment of stroke, nearly all attempts to translate experimental treatments from discovery in cells and rodents to use in humans have failed. The prevailing belief is that it might be necessary to pretest pharmacological neuroprotection in higher-order brains, especially those of nonhuman primates (NHPs). Over the past few years, chemical thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have been established as the standard of care for ischemic stroke in patients. The spotlight is now shifting towards emphasizing both focal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion in developing a clinically relevant stroke model in NHPs. This protocol describes an embolic model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rhesus monkeys. An autologous clot is combined with a microcatheter or microwire through endovascular procedures, and reperfusion is achieved through local intra-artery thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator. These NHP models formed relatively stable infarct sizes, delivered predictable reperfusion and survival outcomes, and recapitulated key characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke as observed on MRI images and behavioral assays. Importantly, treated animals could survive 30 d after the surgery for post-stroke neurologic deficit analyses. Thus far, this model has been used in several translational studies. Here we describe in detail the teamwork necessary for developing stroke models of NHPs, including the preoperation preparations, endovascular surgery, postoperation management and histopathological analysis. The model can be established by the following procedures over a 45-d period, including preparation steps (14 d), endovascular operation (1 d) and evaluation steps (30 d).
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8
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Lin X, Zhao P, Lin Z, Chen J, Bingwa LA, Siaw-Debrah F, Zhang P, Jin K, Yang S, Zhuge Q. Establishment of a Modified and Standardized Ferric Chloride-Induced Rat Carotid Artery Thrombosis Model. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8919-8927. [PMID: 35309441 PMCID: PMC8928333 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferric chloride is widely utilized in inducing thrombosis in small vessels of experimental animals. However, the lack of its application in large blood vessels of experimental animals and inconsistent concentration has limited its application. Therefore, we systematically tested the most suitable concentration and reliable induction time in the experiment of using ferric chloride to induce rat carotid artery thrombosis. METHODS In this study, we selected the common carotid artery of 59 Sprague-Dawley rats as the target vessel. The exploration process was divided into three stages. First, to determine the optimum induction concentration, we compared the effects of 30-60% ferric chloride on thrombus formation within 24 h. Second, to confirm the handling time, we tested different induction times from 3 min to 10 min. Lastly, we used the thrombolytic drug rt-PA to detect whether the formed thrombus can be lysed. Doppler blood flow imaging and H-E staining were employed to estimate the blood flow and thrombus. The ATP levels in the brain were measured using a bioluminescence ATP assay kit. RESULTS We found that the application of 50% ferric chloride for 10 min was enough to successfully induce thrombosis in the rat carotid artery and without spontaneous thrombolysis after 24 h. It is better than other concentrations and will lead to the decline of the ATP content in the ischemic hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the rat carotid artery thrombosis model induced by 50% ferric chloride for 10 min is stable and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Peiqi Zhao
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Lebohang Anesu Bingwa
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Felix Siaw-Debrah
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Korlebu Teaching Hospital, Korlebu, Ghana 00233, West Africa
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department
of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University
of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Su Yang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 China
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9
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Diaz A, Merino P, McCann P, Yepes MA, Quiceno LG, Torre E, Tomkins A, Zhang X, Hales CM, Tong FC, Yepes M. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator promotes N-cadherin-mediated synaptic recovery in the ischemic brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2381-2394. [PMID: 33757316 PMCID: PMC8393294 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine proteinase that catalyzes the generation of plasmin on the cell surface and activates cell signaling pathways that promote remodeling and repair. Neuronal cadherin (NCAD) is a transmembrane protein that in the mature brain mediates the formation of synaptic contacts in the II/III and V cortical layers. Our studies show that uPA is preferentially found in the II/III and V cortical laminae of the gyrencephalic cortex of the non-human primate. Furthermore, we found that in murine cerebral cortical neurons and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons prepared from healthy human donors, most of this uPA is associated with pre-synaptic vesicles. Our in vivo experiments revealed that in both, the gyrencephalic cortex of the non-human primate and the lissecephalic murine brain, cerebral ischemia decreases the number of intact synaptic contacts and the expression of uPA and NCAD in a band of tissue surrounding the necrotic core. Additionally, our in vitro data show that uPA induces the synthesis of NCAD in cerebral cortical neurons, and in line with these observations, intravenous treatment with recombinant uPA three hours after the onset of cerebral ischemia induces NCAD-mediated repair of synaptic contacts in the area surrounding the necrotic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Diaz
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paola Merino
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick McCann
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel A Yepes
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura G Quiceno
- Department of Neurology & Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Enrique Torre
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amelia Tomkins
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Department of Neurology & Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank C Tong
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel Yepes
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology & Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Manuel Yepes, Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road-NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4208, USA.
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10
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Du L, Xu L, Lin Y, Liu K, Zou Y, Bin Li, Ye Q, Mao Y, Chen W, Zhou G, Sun H, Huang H, Li R, Li G, Li L, Wang Q, Long Q, Huang H, Geng X, Liu Y, Liu C, Li B, Zhou Z, Li J, Wang J. A pilot behavioural and neuroimaging investigation on photothrombotic stroke models in rhesus monkeys. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 362:109291. [PMID: 34293407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke leads to a long-term disability in humans and no efficient clinical therapy exists to date. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in non-human primates has shown to be of value for translational stroke research. New method In the current study, a photothrombotic (PT) stroke model was established in rhesus monkeys with either a proximal or distal segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) thrombosis. This study is the first that compares the two approaches of PT stroke in monkeys using behavioral and physiological measurements and MRI scans. RESULTS The experiment found that infarct occurred in the MCA target regions, with all monkeys having impaired behavior reflected by deficits in neurologic function, and motor and cognition in object retrieval detour (ORD) task. The monkeys with distal MCA thrombosis developed with sequential photo-irritations of the Sylvian fissure zone, adjacent central anterior gyrus and central posterior gyrus, had similar impairments with respect to behavior and showed a tendency of a small edema volume with proximal MCA thrombosis at days 4 and 7 post PT stroke. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The distal MCA thrombosis developed with sequential photo-irritations might provide a consistent and well-tolerated focal ischemia in rhesus monkeys, compared with other PT stroke models which usually were singly conducted on the animal's motor cortex and had a temporal effect. CONCLUSIONS The sequentially photo-irritated PT stroke model is a promising ischemic stroke model in rhesus monkey for studying human stroke pathology and physiology and for new therapies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Zhang
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology,Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuguo Wang
- First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lingli Du
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Lin
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kezhong Liu
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology,Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanghong Zou
- First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Mao
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine. Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenxiong Chen
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangping Zhou
- First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huaying Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine. Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Li
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gui Li
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lihong Li
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingwei Long
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongdi Huang
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Geng
- First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Liu
- First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cirong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Li
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhu Zhou
- First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Jinghui Li
- First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Jianhong Wang
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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11
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Brooks OW, King RM, Nossek E, Marosfoi M, Caroff J, Chueh JY, Puri AS, Gounis MJ. A canine model of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke. J Neurointerv Surg 2019; 11:1243-1248. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-014969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PurposeTo develop a preclinical model of stroke with a large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy.Materials and methodsAn ischemic stroke model was created in dogs by the introduction of an autologous clot into the middle cerebral artery (MCA). A microcatheter was navigated to the clot and a stent retriever thrombectomy was performed with the goal to achieve Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) 2b/3 reperfusion. Perfusion and diffusion MRI was acquired after clot placement and following thrombectomy to monitor the progression of restricted diffusion as well as changes in ischemia as a result of mechanical thrombectomy. Post-mortem histology was done to confirm MCA territory infarct volume.ResultsInitial MCA occlusion with TICI 0 flow was documented in all six hound-cross dogs entered into the study. TICI 2b/3 revascularization was achieved with one thrombectomy pass in four of six animals (67%). Intra-procedural events including clot autolysis leading to spontaneous revascularization (n=1) and unresolved vasospasm (n=1) accounted for thrombectomy failure. In one case, iatrogenic trauma during microcatheter navigation resulted in a direct arteriovenous fistula at the level of the cavernous carotid. Analysis of MRI indicated that a volume of tissue from the initial perfusion deficit was spared with reperfusion following thrombectomy, and there was also a volume of tissue that infarcted between MRI and ultimate recanalization.ConclusionWe describe a large animal stroke model in which mechanical thrombectomy can be performed. This model may facilitate, in a preclinical setting, optimization of complex multimodal stroke treatment paradigms for clinical translation.
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12
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Li CX, Kempf DJ, Tong FC, Yan Y, Xu Z, Connor-Stroud FR, Ford BD, Howell LL, Zhang X. Longitudinal MRI Evaluation of Ischemic Stroke in the Basal Ganglia of a Rhesus Macaque ( Macaca mulatta) with Seizures. Comp Med 2018; 68:496-502. [PMID: 30486918 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An adult rhesus macaque developed seizures after the induction of ischemic stroke. Initially, on the day of surgery, a focal ischemic lesion was present exclusively in the right caudate nucleus. By 48 h after stroke induction, the lesion had extended into the putamen, when a seizure was observed. Our report highlights the temporal changes in infarction of unilateral basal ganglia after acute stroke and the accompanying clinical symptoms. This unusual case may provide additional information regarding the involvement of the basal ganglia in seizures, given that prior case reports and studies usually have not described the temporal and spatial evolution of the lesion before clinical symptoms emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Li
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Doty J Kempf
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Frank C Tong
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yumei Yan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhengfeng Xu
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fawn R Connor-Stroud
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Byron D Ford
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Leonard L Howell
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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13
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Validation of a preclinical animal model to assess brain recovery after acute stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 835:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Zhang X, Yan Y, Tong F, Li CX, Jones B, Wang S, Meng Y, Muly EC, Kempf D, Howell L. Progressive Assessment of Ischemic Injury to White Matter Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Preliminary Study of a Macaque Model of Stroke. Open Neuroimag J 2018; 12:30-41. [PMID: 29785226 PMCID: PMC5897992 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001812010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies have demonstrated the temporal evolution of stroke injury in grey matter and white matter can be characterized by DTI indices. However, it still remains not fully understood how the DTI indices of white matter are altered progressively during the hyperacute (first 6 hours) and acute stage of stroke (≤ 1 week). In the present study, DTI was employed to characterize the temporal evolution of infarction and white matter injury after stroke insult using a macaque model with permanent ischemic occlusion. Methods and materials: Permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was induced in rhesus monkeys (n=4, 10-21 years old). The brain lesion was examined longitudinally with DTI during the hyperacute phase (2-6 hours, n=4), 48 hours (n=4) and 96 hours (n=3) post-occlusion. Results: Cortical infarction was seen in all animals. The Mean Diffusivity (MD) in lesion regions decreased substantially at the first time point (2 hours post stroke) (35%, p <0.05, compared to the contralateral side) and became pseudo-normalized at 96 hours. In contrast, evident FA reduction was seen at 48 hours (39%, p <0.10) post-stroke. MD reduction in white matter bundles of the lesion area was much less than that in the grey matter during the hyper-acute phase but significant change was observed 4 hours (4.2%, p < 0.05) post stroke . Also, MD pseudonormalisation was seen at 96 hours post stroke. There was a significant correlation between the temporal changes of MD in white matter bundles and those in whole lesion areas during the entire study period. Meanwhile, no obvious fractional anisotropy (FA) changes were seen during the hyper-acute phase in either the entire infarct region or white matter bundles. Significant FA alteration was observed in entire lesion areas and injured white matter bundles 48 and 96 hours post stroke. The stroke lesion in grey matter and white matter was validated by pathological findings. Conclusion:
The temporal evolution of ischemic injury to the grey matter and white matter from 2 to 96 hours after stroke onset was characterized using a macaque model and DTI. Progressive MD changes in white matter bundles are seen from hyperacute phase to acute phase after permanent MCA occlusion and temporally correlated with the MD changes in entire infarction regions. MD reduction in white matter bundles is mild in comparison with that in the grey matter but significant and progressive, indicating it may be useful to detect early white matter degeneration after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Yumei Yan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Frank Tong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Chun-Xia Li
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Silun Wang
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Yuguang Meng
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - E Chris Muly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Doty Kempf
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Leonard Howell
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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15
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Abstract
To bridge the gap between rodent and human studies, the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable committee suggests that nonhuman primates (NHPs) be used for preclinical, translational stroke studies. Owing to the fact that vast majority of ischemic strokes are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel eventually leading to brain infarction, ischemia induced by endovascular methods closely mimics thromboembolic or thrombotic cerebrovascular occlusion in patients. This review will make a thorough summary of transient or permanent occlusions of a cerebral blood vessel in NHPs using endovascular methods. Then, advantages and disadvantages, and potential applications will be analyzed for each kind of models. Additionally, we also make a further analysis based on different kinds of emboli, various occlusion sites, infract size, abnormal hemodynamics, and potential dysfunctions. Experimental models of ischemic stroke in NHPs are valuable tools to analyze specific facets of stroke in patients, especially those induced by endovascular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ankush Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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16
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Dehkharghani S, Fleischer CC, Qiu D, Yepes M, Tong F. Cerebral Temperature Dysregulation: MR Thermographic Monitoring in a Nonhuman Primate Study of Acute Ischemic Stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:712-720. [PMID: 28126752 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral thermoregulation remains poorly understood. Temperature dysregulation is deeply implicated in the potentiation of cerebrovascular ischemia. We present a multiphasic, MR thermographic study in a nonhuman primate model of MCA infarction, hypothesizing detectable brain temperature disturbances and brain-systemic temperature decoupling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three Rhesus Macaque nonhuman primates were sourced for 3-phase MR imaging: 1) baseline MR imaging, 2) 7-hour continuous MR imaging following minimally invasive, endovascular MCA stroke induction, and 3) poststroke day 1 MR imaging follow-up. MR thermometry was achieved by multivoxel spectroscopy (semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing) by using the proton resonance frequency chemical shift. The relationship of brain and systemic temperatures with time and infarction volumes was characterized by using a mixed-effects model. RESULTS Following MCA infarction, progressive cerebral hyperthermia was observed in all 3 subjects, significantly outpacing systemic temperature fluctuations. Highly significant associations were observed for systemic, hemispheric, and global brain temperatures (F-statistic, P = .0005 for all regressions) relative to the time from stroke induction. Significant differences in the relationship between temperature and time following stroke onset were detected when comparing systemic temperatures with ipsilateral (P = .007), contralateral (P = .004), and infarction core (P = .003) temperatures following multiple-comparisons correction. Significant associations were observed between infarction volumes and both systemic (P ≤ .01) and ipsilateral (P = .04) brain temperatures, but not contralateral brain temperature (P = .08). CONCLUSIONS Successful physiologic and continuous postischemic cerebral MR thermography was conducted and prescribed in a nonhuman primate infarction model to facilitate translatability. The results confirm hypothesized temperature disturbance and decoupling of physiologic brain-systemic temperature gradients. These findings inform a developing paradigm of brain thermoregulation and the applicability of brain temperature as a neuroimaging biomarker in CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dehkharghani
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., D.Q., F.T.)
- Neurology (S.D., M.Y.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C C Fleischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.C.F.), Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - D Qiu
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., D.Q., F.T.)
| | - M Yepes
- Neurology (S.D., M.Y.), Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - F Tong
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.D., D.Q., F.T.)
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17
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Wu D, Chen J, Wang B, Zhang M, Shi J, Ma Y, Zhu Z, Yan F, He X, Li S, Dornbos Iii D, Ding Y, Ji X. Endovascular ischemic stroke models of adult rhesus monkeys: a comparison of two endovascular methods. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31608. [PMID: 27534985 PMCID: PMC4989171 DOI: 10.1038/srep31608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To further investigate and improve upon current stroke models in nonhuman primates, infarct size, neurologic function and survival were evaluated in two endovascular ischemic models in sixteen rhesus monkeys. The first method utilized a micro-catheter or an inflatable balloon to occlude the M1 segment in six monkeys. In the second model, an autologous clot was injected via a micro-catheter into the M1 segment in ten monkeys. MRI scanning was performed on all monkeys both at baseline and 3 hours after the onset of ischemia. Spetzler neurologic functions were assessed post-operatively, and selective perfusion deficits were confirmed by DSA and MRI in all monkeys. Animals undergoing micro-catheter or balloon occlusion demonstrated more profound hemiparesis, larger infarct sizes, lower Spetzler neurologic scores and increased mortality compared to the thrombus occlusion group. In animals injected with the clot, there was no evidence of dissolution, and the thrombus was either near the injection site (M1) or flushed into the superior division of the MCA (M2). All animals survived the M2 occlusion. M1 occlusion with thrombus generated 50% mortality. This study highlighted clinically important differences in these two models, providing a platform for further study of a translational thromboembolic model of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bincheng Wang
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jingfei Shi
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | | | - Zixin Zhu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Feng Yan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaoduo He
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - David Dornbos Iii
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Atchaneeyasakul K, Guada L, Ramdas K, Watanabe M, Bhattacharya P, Raval AP, Yavagal DR. Large animal canine endovascular ischemic stroke models: A review. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:134-140. [PMID: 27496066 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. Recent exciting developments in the field with endovascular treatments have shown excellent outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Prior to translating these treatments to human populations, a large-animal ischemic stroke model is needed. With the advent of new technologies in digital subtraction angiography, less invasive endovascular stroke models have been developed. Canines have gyrencephalic brain similar to human brain and accessible neurovascular anatomy for stroke model creation. Canine stroke model can be widely utilized to understand the disease process of stroke and to develop novel treatment. Less invasive endovascular internal carotid emboli injection and coil embolization methods can be used to simulate transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Major restriction includes the extensive collateral circulation of canine cerebral arteries that can limit the stroke size. Transient internal carotid artery occlusion can decrease collateral circulation and increase stroke size to some degree. Additional method of manipulating the extent of collateral circulation needs to be studied. Other types of canine stroke models, including vertebral artery occlusion and basilar artery occlusion, can also be accomplished by endovascular thrombi injection. CONCLUSIONS We extensively review the literature on endovascular technique of creating canine ischemic stroke models and their application in finding new therapies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunakorn Atchaneeyasakul
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Luis Guada
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Kevin Ramdas
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Mitsuyoshi Watanabe
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Ami P Raval
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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19
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A review on animal models of stroke: An update. Brain Res Bull 2016; 122:35-44. [PMID: 26902651 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the major healthcare challenges prevailing across the globe due to its significant rate of mortality and morbidity. Stroke is multifactorial in nature and involves several cellular and molecular signaling cascades that make the pathogenesis complex and treatment difficult. For a deeper understanding of the diverse pathological mechanisms and molecular & cellular cascades during stroke, animal modeling serves as a reliable and an effective tool. This also helps to develop and critically analyse various neuroprotective strategies for the mitigation of this devastating disease. Animal modeling for stroke has been revolutionized with the development of newer and more relevant models or approaches that mimic the clinical setting of stroke to a greater extent. This review analyses experimental models of stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) and their reliability in stroke situation. Besides this, the review also stresses upon the use of various preclinical models to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms that operate during stroke and to elucidate new, safe and effective neuroprotective agents to combat this life threatening healthcare concern.
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