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Inoue C, Kusunoki Y, Ohigashi M, Osugi K, Kitajima K, Takagi A, Inoue M, Yagi C, Tsunoda T, Kakutani M, Kadoya M, Konishi K, Katsuno T, Koyama H. Association between brain imaging biomarkers and continuous glucose monitoring-derived glycemic control indices in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003744. [PMID: 38233078 PMCID: PMC10806821 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with alterations in brain structure, the relationship between glycemic control indices and brain imaging markers remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glycemic control indices and brain imaging biomarkers assessed by MRI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 150 patients with T2DM. The severity of cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) was assessed using MRI for deep and subcortical white matter and periventricular hyperintensities. The degree of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) was assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Each participant wore a retrospective CGM for 14 consecutive days, and glycemic control indices, such as time in range (TIR) and glycemia risk index (GRI), were calculated. RESULTS The proportion of patients with severe WMLs showed a decreasing trend with increasing TIR (P for trend=0.006). The proportion of patients with severe WMLs showed an increasing trend with worsening GRI (P for trend=0.011). In contrast, no significant association was observed between the degree of MTA and CGM-derived glycemic control indices, including TIR (P for trend=0.325) and GRI (P for trend=0.447). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that the severity of WMLs is associated with TIR and GRI, which are indices of the quality of glycemic control. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000032143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Inoue
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mana Ohigashi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keiko Osugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kitajima
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Ayako Takagi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Maki Inoue
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chisako Yagi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taku Tsunoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miki Kakutani
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kadoya
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Konishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Katsuno
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Wronski ML, Geisler D, Bernardoni F, Seidel M, Bahnsen K, Doose A, Steinhäuser JL, Gronow F, Böldt LV, Plessow F, Lawson EA, King JA, Roessner V, Ehrlich S. Differential alterations of amygdala nuclei volumes in acutely ill patients with anorexia nervosa and their associations with leptin levels. Psychol Med 2023; 53:6288-6303. [PMID: 36464660 PMCID: PMC10358440 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala is a subcortical limbic structure consisting of histologically and functionally distinct subregions. New automated structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation tools facilitate the in vivo study of individual amygdala nuclei in clinical populations such as patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) who show symptoms indicative of limbic dysregulation. This study is the first to investigate amygdala nuclei volumes in AN, their relationships with leptin, a key indicator of AN-related neuroendocrine alterations, and further clinical measures. METHODS T1-weighted MRI scans were subsegmented and multi-stage quality controlled using FreeSurfer. Left/right hemispheric amygdala nuclei volumes were cross-sectionally compared between females with AN (n = 168, 12-29 years) and age-matched healthy females (n = 168) applying general linear models. Associations with plasma leptin, body mass index (BMI), illness duration, and psychiatric symptoms were analyzed via robust linear regression. RESULTS Globally, most amygdala nuclei volumes in both hemispheres were reduced in AN v. healthy control participants. Importantly, four specific nuclei (accessory basal, cortical, medial nuclei, corticoamygdaloid transition in the rostral-medial amygdala) showed greater volumetric reduction even relative to reductions of whole amygdala and total subcortical gray matter volumes, whereas basal, lateral, and paralaminar nuclei were less reduced. All rostral-medially clustered nuclei were positively associated with leptin in AN independent of BMI. Amygdala nuclei volumes were not associated with illness duration or psychiatric symptom severity in AN. CONCLUSIONS In AN, amygdala nuclei are altered to different degrees. Severe volume loss in rostral-medially clustered nuclei, collectively involved in olfactory/food-related reward processing, may represent a structural correlate of AN-related symptoms. Hypoleptinemia might be linked to rostral-medial amygdala alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louis Wronski
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Seidel
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaas Bahnsen
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arne Doose
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas L. Steinhäuser
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Gronow
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa V. Böldt
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Plessow
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph A. King
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Eating Disorder Treatment and Research Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Pollak C, Kügler D, Breteler MMB, Reuter M. Quantifying MR Head Motion in the Rhineland Study - A Robust Method for Population Cohorts. Neuroimage 2023; 275:120176. [PMID: 37209757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head motion during MR acquisition reduces image quality and has been shown to bias neuromorphometric analysis. The quantification of head motion, therefore, has both neuroscientific as well as clinical applications, for example, to control for motion in statistical analyses of brain morphology, or as a variable of interest in neurological studies. The accuracy of markerless optical head tracking, however, is largely unexplored. Furthermore, no quantitative analysis of head motion in a general, mostly healthy population cohort exists thus far. In this work, we present a robust registration method for the alignment of depth camera data that sensitively estimates even small head movements of compliant participants. Our method outperforms the vendor-supplied method in three validation experiments: 1. similarity to fMRI motion traces as a low-frequency reference, 2. recovery of the independently acquired breathing signal as a high-frequency reference, and 3. correlation with image-based quality metrics in structural T1-weighted MRI. In addition to the core algorithm, we establish an analysis pipeline that computes average motion scores per time interval or per sequence for inclusion in downstream analyses. We apply the pipeline in the Rhineland Study, a large population cohort study, where we replicate age and body mass index (BMI) as motion correlates and show that head motion significantly increases over the duration of the scan session. We observe weak, yet significant interactions between this within-session increase and age, BMI, and sex. High correlations between fMRI and camera-based motion scores of proceeding sequences further suggest that fMRI motion estimates can be used as a surrogate score in the absence of better measures to control for motion in statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Pollak
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Kügler
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Hydration and Cognitive Task Performance in Children: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-022-00249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Corticospinal and peripheral responses to heat-induced hypo-hydration: potential physiological mechanisms and implications for neuromuscular function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1797-1810. [PMID: 35362800 PMCID: PMC9287254 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Heat-induced hypo-hydration (hyperosmotic hypovolemia) can reduce prolonged skeletal muscle performance; however, the mechanisms are less well understood and the reported effects on all aspects of neuromuscular function and brief maximal contractions are inconsistent. Historically, a 4–6% reduction of body mass has not been considered to impair muscle function in humans, as determined by muscle torque, membrane excitability and peak power production. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging and neurophysiological techniques, such as electromyography, peripheral nerve, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the integrity of the brain-to-muscle pathway can be further investigated. The findings of this review demonstrate that heat-induced hypo-hydration impairs neuromuscular function, particularly during repeated and sustained contractions. Additionally, the mechanisms are separate to those of hyperthermia-induced fatigue and are likely a result of modulations to corticospinal inhibition, increased fibre conduction velocity, pain perception and impaired contractile function. This review also sheds light on the view that hypo-hydration has ‘no effect’ on neuromuscular function during brief maximal voluntary contractions. It is hypothesised that irrespective of unchanged force, compensatory reductions in cortical inhibition are likely to occur, in the attempt of achieving adequate force production. Studies using single-pulse TMS have shown that hypo-hydration can reduce maximal isometric and eccentric force, despite a reduction in cortical inhibition, but the cause of this is currently unclear. Future work should investigate the intracortical inhibitory and excitatory pathways within the brain, to elucidate the role of the central nervous system in force output, following heat-induced hypo-hydration.
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Zahid U, Hedges EP, Dimitrov M, Murray RM, Barker GJ, Kempton MJ. Impact of physiological factors on longitudinal structural MRI measures of the brain. Psychiatry Res 2022; 321:111446. [PMID: 35131573 PMCID: PMC8924876 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal MRI is used in clinical research studies to examine illness progression, neurodevelopment, and the effect of medical interventions. Such studies typically report changes in brain volume of less than 5%. However, there is a concern that these findings could be obscured or confounded by small changes in brain volume estimates caused by physiological factors such as, dehydration, blood pressure, caffeine levels, and circadian rhythm. In this study, MRI scans using the ADNI-III protocol were acquired from 20 participants (11 female) at two time points (mean interval = 20.3 days). Hydration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, caffeine intake, and time of day were recorded at both visits. Images were processed using FreeSurfer. Three a priori hypothesised brain regions (hippocampus, lateral ventricles, and total brain) were selected, and an exploratory analysis was conducted on FreeSurfer's auto-segmented brain regions. There was no significant effect of the physiological factors on changes in the hypothesised brain regions. We provide estimates for the maximum percentage change in regional brain volumes that could be expected to occur from normal variation in each of the physiological measures. In this study, normal variations in physiological parameters did not have a detectable effect on longitudinal changes in brain volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Zahid
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Emily P Hedges
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mihail Dimitrov
- Department of Forensic & Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Kashyap P, Shenk TE, Svaldi DO, Lycke RJ, Lee TA, Tamer GG, Nauman EA, Talavage TM. Normalized Brain Tissue–Level Evaluation of Volumetric Changes of Youth Athletes Participating in Collision Sports. Neurotrauma Rep 2022; 3:57-69. [PMID: 35112108 PMCID: PMC8804236 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2021.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Observations of short-term changes in the neural health of youth athletes participating in collision sports (e.g., football and soccer) have highlighted a need to explore potential structural alterations in brain tissue volumes for these persons. Studies have shown biochemical, vascular, functional connectivity, and white matter diffusivity changes in the brain physiology of these athletes that are strongly correlated with repetitive head acceleration exposure. Here, research is presented that highlights regional anatomical volumetric measures that change longitudinally with accrued subconcussive trauma. A novel pipeline is introduced that provides simplified data analysis on standard-space template to quantify group-level longitudinal volumetric changes within these populations. For both sports, results highlight incremental relative regional volumetric changes in the subcortical cerebrospinal fluid that are strongly correlated with head exposure events greater than a 50-G threshold at the short-term post-season assessment. Moreover, longitudinal regional gray matter volumes are observed to decrease with time, only returning to baseline/pre-participation levels after sufficient (5–6 months) rest from collision-based exposure. These temporal structural volumetric alterations are significantly different from normal aging observed in sex- and age-matched controls participating in non-collision sports. Future work involves modeling repetitive head exposure thresholds with multi-modal image analysis and understanding the underlying physiological reason. A possible pathophysiological pathway is presented, highlighting the probable metabolic regulatory mechanisms. Continual participation in collision-based activities may represent a risk wherein recovery cannot occur. Even when present, the degree of the eventual recovery remains to be explored, but has strong implications for the well-being of collision-sport participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kashyap
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Trey E. Shenk
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Diana O. Svaldi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Roy J. Lycke
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Taylor A. Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Gregory G. Tamer
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Eric A. Nauman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas M. Talavage
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Regnaud A, Boto J, Klauser A, Lövblad KO, Vargas MI, Lazeyras F. Metabolic changes in the cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and white matter in anorexia nervosa using multivoxel MR spectroscopy. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:1099-1110. [PMID: 34463008 PMCID: PMC9292420 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose This study aimed to highlight anorexia nervosa‐related metabolic changes in different brain regions with different gray and white matter contents. Methods In a prospective study, 25 anorexic patients with mean body mass index (BMI) of 14.79 kg/m2 (range 10.04–20.58) were compared with 15 healthy controls with mean BMI of 21.08 kg/m2 (range 18.36–27.34). Two‐dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was acquired in the axial plane above the corpus callosum, including frontal, precentral, postcentral, cingular, and parietal regions, as well as the precuneus, each voxel containing gray and white matter. Results In the anorexic group, a significant increase of choline/creatine was observed in all brain regions except the precuneus: frontal (p = 0.009), cingulate (p = 0.001), precentral (p = 0.001), postcentral (p = 0.001), and parietal (p = 0.002); and in white and gray matter (p< 0.001). Macromolecules09/creatine was decreased in the following regions: frontal (p = 0.003), cingulate (p< 0.001), precentral (p = 0.004), and precuneus (p = 0.007), and in white and gray matter (p< 0.05). We observed significantly lower values of N‐acetyl aspartate/creatine in the frontal (p < 0.001) and precentral (p< 0.001) regions and in voxels containing more than 50% white matter (p = 0.001); and significantly lower values of myo‐inositol/creatine in the precentral (p = 0.006), postcentral (p< 0.001), and precuneus (p = 0.006) regions. Conclusions We observed an increase in choline/creatine in anorexics, possibly reflecting increased cell turnover; a decrease in macromolecules, which was particularly low in the cingulate and precuneus the former being known to be altered in eating disorders; and a decrease in N‐acetyl aspartate/creatine considered as a marker of neuronal density and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Regnaud
- Division of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José Boto
- Division of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Klauser
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Olof Lövblad
- Division of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Isabel Vargas
- Division of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Lazeyras
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ozdurak Singin RH, Duz S, Kiraz M. Cortical and Subcortical Brain Volume Alterations Following Endurance Running at 38.6 km and 119.2 km in Male Athletes. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e926060. [PMID: 34155188 PMCID: PMC8234558 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have shown that ultramarathon running causes severe physical and mental stress and harms organ systems, its effect on brain tissue remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the volumetric change of cortical and subcortical brain structures following 38.6-km and 119.8-km mountain races. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 23 healthy male runners (age, 49.05±5.99 years) were classified as short-trail (ST; n=9) and ultra-trail (UT; n=14) endurance running. Pre- and post-test scanning of brain tissue was performed by using a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pre- and post-race differences in cortical and subcortical volumes in the ST and UT groups were separately determined by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Cortical gray matter (GM) and cerebral GM volume significantly increased after the race in both ST and UT groups, whereas the volume of the thalamus, caudate, pallidus, and hippocampus significantly increased only in the UT group. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white-matter (WM) volumes did not change after endurance running and remained unaltered in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Endurance running has a site-specific acute effect on cortical and subcortical structures and may attenuate GM volume decrease in older adult male athletes. The increased volume of subcortical structures might be a response of physical exercise and additional physical stress experienced by ultramarathon runners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serkan Duz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Murat Kiraz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
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Henschel L, Conjeti S, Estrada S, Diers K, Fischl B, Reuter M. FastSurfer - A fast and accurate deep learning based neuroimaging pipeline. Neuroimage 2020; 219:117012. [PMID: 32526386 PMCID: PMC7898243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional neuroimage analysis pipelines involve computationally intensive, time-consuming optimization steps, and thus, do not scale well to large cohort studies with thousands or tens of thousands of individuals. In this work we propose a fast and accurate deep learning based neuroimaging pipeline for the automated processing of structural human brain MRI scans, replicating FreeSurfer's anatomical segmentation including surface reconstruction and cortical parcellation. To this end, we introduce an advanced deep learning architecture capable of whole-brain segmentation into 95 classes. The network architecture incorporates local and global competition via competitive dense blocks and competitive skip pathways, as well as multi-slice information aggregation that specifically tailor network performance towards accurate segmentation of both cortical and subcortical structures. Further, we perform fast cortical surface reconstruction and thickness analysis by introducing a spectral spherical embedding and by directly mapping the cortical labels from the image to the surface. This approach provides a full FreeSurfer alternative for volumetric analysis (in under 1 min) and surface-based thickness analysis (within only around 1 h runtime). For sustainability of this approach we perform extensive validation: we assert high segmentation accuracy on several unseen datasets, measure generalizability and demonstrate increased test-retest reliability, and high sensitivity to group differences in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Henschel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sailesh Conjeti
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Santiago Estrada
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kersten Diers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Bruce Fischl
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Reuter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wu JW, Wang YF, Hseu SS, Chen ST, Chen YL, Wu YT, Chen SP, Lirng JF, Wang SJ. Brain volume changes in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: Revisiting the Monro-Kellie doctrine. Cephalalgia 2020; 41:58-68. [PMID: 32847387 DOI: 10.1177/0333102420950385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the application of the Monro-Kellie doctrine in spontaneous intracranial hypotension, the brain tissue volume is generally considered as a fixed constant. Traditionally, cerebral venous dilation is thought to compensate for decreased cerebrospinal fluid. However, whether brain tissue volume is invariable has not yet been explored. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether brain tissue volume is fixed or variable in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients using automatic quantitative methods. METHODS This retrospective and longitudinal study analyzed spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients between 1 January 2007 and 31 July 2015. Voxel-based morphometry was used to examine brain volume changes during and after the resolution of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Brain structure volume was analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping version 12 and FMRIB Software Library v6.0. Post-treatment neuroimages were used as surrogate baseline measures. RESULTS Forty-four patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were analyzed (mean [standard deviation] age, 37.8 [8.5] years; 32 female and 12 male). The whole brain tissue volume was decreased during spontaneous intracranial hypotension compared to follow-up (1180.3 [103.5] mL vs. 1190.4 [93.1] mL, difference: -10.1 mL [95% confidence interval: -18.4 to -1.8 mL], p = 0.019). In addition, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume was decreased during spontaneous intracranial hypotension compared to follow-up (15.8 [6.1] mL vs. 18.9 [6.9] mL, difference: -3.2 mL [95% confidence interval: -4.5 to -1.8 mL], p < 0.001). Longer anterior epidural cerebrospinal fluid collections, as measured by number of vertebral segments, were associated with greater reduction of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume (Pearson's r = -0.32, p = 0.036). CONCLUSION The current study found the brain tissue volume and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid are decreased in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients. The change in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume, but not brain tissue volume change, was associated with the severity of spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage. These results challenge the assumption that brain tissue volume is a fixed constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shya Hseu
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Feng Lirng
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Tran TT, Wei K, Cole S, Mena E, Csete M, King KS. Brain MR Spectroscopy Markers of Encephalopathy Due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:697-703. [PMID: 32705733 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In hepatic encephalopathy (HE), osmotic stressors promoting brain edema result in a compensatory drop in the astrocyte metabolite myo-inositol (mI). Identifying differences between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with and without HE and healthy controls using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and evaluating hypoalbuminemia and hyperammonemia as osmotic stressors that predict the reduction of mI allow further understanding of mechanisms that promote brain edema in HE. The aim of this study was to assess brain edema in HE using characteristic MRS markers and serum albumin. METHODS We evaluated between group differences among 19 NASH cirrhosis without HE (Crhs-HE) (age = 63 ± 8.7), 9 NASH cirrhosis with HE (Crhs+HE) (age = 63 ± 9.2), and 16 controls (age = 57.8 ± 11.7) using 1 H MRS. Glutamine (Gln/tCr) and serum albumin were evaluated as predictors of myo-inositol (mI/tCr) using linear regression. Statistical significance was set at P < .05 with adjustment for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Brain mI/tCr was decreased, and Gln/tCr increased in Crhs+HE compared to Crhs-HE and controls in both brain regions (P < .001 for all). Evaluated together as joint predictors, serum albumin but not Gln/tCr significantly predicted mI/tCr in GM (P = .02 and P = .2, respectively) and PWM (P = .01 and P = .1, respectively). CONCLUSION Low mI/tCr and increased Gln/tCr were characteristics of Crhs+HE. Low serum albumin was the strongest predictor of brain osmotic stress indicated by reduced mI/tCr, with no residual independent association seen for brain Gln/tCr concentration. This suggests that hypoalbuminemia in chronic liver disease may promote brain edema in HE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Wei
- HMRI Imaging Center, Pasadena, CA
| | | | - Edward Mena
- California Liver Research Institute, Pasadena, CA
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13
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Biessels GJ, Nobili F, Teunissen CE, Simó R, Scheltens P. Understanding multifactorial brain changes in type 2 diabetes: a biomarker perspective. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:699-710. [PMID: 32445622 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
People with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), as well as subtle forms of cognitive dysfunction. Current diabetes guidelines recommend screening for cognitive impairment in groups at high risk and providing guidance for diabetes management in patients with diabetes and cognitive impairment. Yet, no disease-modifying treatment is available and important questions remain about the mechanisms underlying diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. These mechanisms are likely to be multifactorial and different for subtle and more severe forms of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. Over the past years, research on dementia, brain ageing, diabetes, and vascular disease has identified novel biomarkers of specific dementia aetiologies, brain parenchymal injury, and cerebral blood flow and metabolism. These markers shed light on the processes underlying diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction, have clear applications in current research and increasingly in clinical diagnosis, and might ultimately guide targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Child and Mother Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Clinical Neurology Unit, IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Tan XR, Low ICC, Stephenson MC, Kok T, Nolte HW, Soong TW, Lee JKW. Altered brain structure with preserved cortical motor activity after exertional hypohydration: a MRI study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:157-167. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00081.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypohydration exceeding 2% body mass can impair endurance capacity. It is postulated that the brain could be perturbed by hypohydration, leading to impaired motor performance. We investigated the neural effects of hypohydration with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten men were dehydrated to approximately −3% body mass by running on a treadmill at 65% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) before drinking to replace either 100% [euhydration (EU)] or 0% [hypohydration (HH)] of fluid losses. MRI was performed before start of trial (baseline) and after rehydration phase (post) to evaluate brain structure, cerebral perfusion, and functional activity. Endurance capacity assessed with a time-to-exhaustion run at 75% V̇o2max was reduced with hypohydration (EU: 45.2 ± 9.3 min, HH: 38.4 ± 10.7 min; P = 0.033). Mean heart rates were comparable between trials (EU: 162 ± 5 beats/min, HH: 162 ± 4 beats/min; P = 0.605), but the rate of rise in rectal temperature was higher in HH trials (EU: 0.06 ± 0.01°C/min, HH: 0.07 ± 0.02°C/min; P < 0.01). In HH trials, a reduction in total brain volume (EU: +0.7 ± 0.6%, HH: −0.7 ± 0.9%) with expansion of ventricles (EU: −2.7 ± 1.6%, HH: +3.7 ± 3.3%) was observed, and vice versa in EU trials. Global and regional cerebral perfusion remained unchanged between conditions. Functional activation in the primary motor cortex in left hemisphere during a plantar-flexion task was similar between conditions (EU: +0.10 ± 1.30%, HH: −0.11 ± 0.31%; P = 0.637). Our findings demonstrate that with exertional hypohydration, brain volumes were altered but the motor-related functional activity was unperturbed. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Dehydration occurs rapidly during prolonged or intensive physical activity, leading to hypohydration if fluid replenishment is insufficient to replace sweat losses. Altered hydration status poses an osmotic challenge for the brain, leading to transient fluctuations in brain tissue and ventricle volumes. Therefore, the amount of fluid ingestion during exercise plays a critical role in preserving the integrity of brain architecture. These structural changes, however, did not translate directly to motor functional deficits in a simple motor task.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. R. Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - I. C. C. Low
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M. C. Stephenson
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T. Kok
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H. W. Nolte
- Movement Physiology Research Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - T. W. Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J. K. W. Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Global Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Gupta VK. Reader response: Gray matter volume modifications in migraine: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Neurology 2019; 92:587. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Arm J, Al-iedani O, Lea R, Lechner-Scott J, Ramadan S. Diurnal variability of cerebral metabolites in healthy human brain with 2D localized correlation spectroscopy (2D L-COSY). J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:592-601. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jameen Arm
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - Oun Al-iedani
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights, Newcastle Australia
| | - Rod Lea
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights, Newcastle Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- Department of Neurology; John Hunter Hospital; New Lambton Heights, Newcastle Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - Saadallah Ramadan
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights, Newcastle Australia
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17
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Bernardoni F, King JA, Geisler D, Birkenstock J, Tam FI, Weidner K, Roessner V, White T, Ehrlich S. Nutritional Status Affects Cortical Folding: Lessons Learned From Anorexia Nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:692-701. [PMID: 29910027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical folding is thought to remain relatively invariant after birth. Therefore, differences seen in psychiatric disorders have been proposed as early biomarkers or used as intermediate phenotypes in imaging genetics studies. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with drastic and rapid structural brain alterations and thus may be an ideal model disorder to study environmental influences on cortical folding. METHODS To date, the only two studies in AN applied different methods (local gyrification index and mean curvature) and found seemingly discordant results. We computed both vertexwise measures in a sizable sample of acutely underweight female AN patients (n = 87, mean age 16.5 years), long-term recovered patients (n = 58, mean age 22 years), and healthy control participants (n = 141, mean age 19.5 years). The majority of acutely ill patients were scanned longitudinally (n = 57) again after partial weight normalization (>14% body mass index increase). RESULTS While gyrification was broadly reduced in acutely ill patients, normal values were restored in most brain regions after partial weight restoration (≈3 months), and after full recovery no significant differences were evident relative to control participants. Increased gyrification was largely predicted by weight restoration alone. Results for absolute mean curvature analyses complemented those obtained using the local gyrification index. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that nutritional status affects cortical folding and suggest that gyrification studies may need to better control for environmental factors. Moreover, they provide novel support for the likelihood that macroscopic changes in the cortical organization in AN are more reflective of nutritional state than premorbid trait markers or permanent scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bernardoni
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph A King
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Birkenstock
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike I Tam
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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18
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Vavasour IM, Meyers SM, Mädler B, Harris T, Fu E, Li DK, Traboulsee A, MacKay AL, Laule C. Multicenter Measurements of T1
Relaxation and Diffusion Tensor Imaging: Intra and Intersite Reproducibility. J Neuroimaging 2018; 29:42-51. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irene M. Vavasour
- Department of Radiology; University of British Columbia, UBC MRI Research Centre; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Sandra M. Meyers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | | | - Trudy Harris
- Department of Radiology; University of British Columbia, UBC MRI Research Centre; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Eric Fu
- Department of Statistics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - David K.B. Li
- Department of Radiology; University of British Columbia, UBC MRI Research Centre; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Anthony Traboulsee
- Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Alex L. MacKay
- Department of Radiology; University of British Columbia, UBC MRI Research Centre; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Cornelia Laule
- Department of Radiology; University of British Columbia, UBC MRI Research Centre; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD); University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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19
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Zhang J, Zhang N, Du S, He H, Xu Y, Cai H, Guo X, Ma G. The Effects of Hydration Status on Cognitive Performances among Young Adults in Hebei, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1477. [PMID: 30720789 PMCID: PMC6068860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dehydration may affect cognitive performances as water accounts for 75% of brain mass. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dehydration and water supplementation on cognitive performances, and to explore the changes of brain structures and functions using MRI. Methods and Analysis: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial has been designed and will be implemented among 64 college students aged 18⁻23 years from Baoding, China. Subjects will be asked to restrict water for 36 h. The first morning urine will be collected and urine osmolality measured. The fasting blood samples will be collected and osmolality and copeptin will be measured. Three MRI sequences, including fMRI, ASL and 3D BRAVO will be taken to observe the changes of whole brain volume, ventricular volume, BOLD response and the cortex thickness. Cognitive performances and mood will be performed with software and questionnaires, respectively. Subjects in the water supplementation groups 1, 2, 3 will drink 200, 500 and 1000 mL of water, respectively, while subjects in the no water supplementation group will not drink any water. After 90 min, urine and blood samples, MRI scans, cognitive performances and mood will be performed. One-way ANOVA will be used to study the differences among groups. Ethics and Dissemination: The study protocol has been approved by the Peking University Institutional Review Committee. Ethical approval project identification code is IRB00001052-16071. Results will be published according to the CONSORT statement and will be reported in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Songming Du
- Chinese Nutrition Society, 6 Guang An Men Nei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Hairong He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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20
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Mazaika PK, Aye T, Reiss AL, Buckingham BA. Large Changes in Brain Volume Observed in an Asymptomatic Young Child With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1535-1537. [PMID: 29934482 PMCID: PMC6014537 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Mazaika
- Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Tandy Aye
- Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Bruce A Buckingham
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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21
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Wall J, Xie H, Wang X. An Exploration Into Short-Interval Maintenance of Adult Hemispheric Cortical Thickness at an Individual Brain Level. J Exp Neurosci 2017; 11:1179069517733453. [PMID: 28989284 PMCID: PMC5624352 DOI: 10.1177/1179069517733453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult cerebral cortical structure is thought to be statically maintained over short intervals. This view is based on group average findings but has never been studied at the individual level. This issue was examined with an unconventional longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging design which measured hemispheric mean cortical thickness of an adult man repeatedly at week intervals over 6 months. These measures were compared with measurement error estimates to test the current prediction that thickness measures would be statically maintained within measurement error variation. The results did not support this prediction. Thickness underwent incremental and decremental fluctuations which ranged up to 0.12 mm and 5.83% over week and multiweek intervals and which differed from measurement error variation. These exploratory analyses suggest a working hypothesis that short-interval cortical structural maintenance in an individual can involve fluctuations in thickness. If confirmed, this hypothesis has potential implications for cortical maintenance mechanisms and precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wall
- William R. Bauer Human Brain MRI Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- William R. Bauer Human Brain MRI Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- William R. Bauer Human Brain MRI Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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22
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Dieleman N, Koek HL, Hendrikse J. Short-term mechanisms influencing volumetric brain dynamics. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 16:507-513. [PMID: 28971004 PMCID: PMC5609861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain analysis tools, it has become possible to measure brain volume changes up to around 0.5%. Besides long-term brain changes caused by atrophy in aging or neurodegenerative disease, short-term mechanisms that influence brain volume may exist. When we focus on short-term changes of the brain, changes may be either physiological or pathological. As such determining the cause of volumetric dynamics of the brain is essential. Additionally for an accurate interpretation of longitudinal brain volume measures by means of neurodegeneration, knowledge about the short-term changes is needed. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms influencing brain volumes on a short-term basis and set-out a framework of MRI techniques to be used for volumetric changes as well as the used analysis tools. 3D T1-weighted images are the images of choice when it comes to MRI of brain volume. These images are excellent to determine brain volume and can be used together with an analysis tool to determine the degree of volume change. Mechanisms that decrease global brain volume are: fluid restriction, evening MRI measurements, corticosteroids, antipsychotics and short-term effects of pathological processes like Alzheimer's disease, hypertension and Diabetes mellitus type II. Mechanisms increasing the brain volume include fluid intake, morning MRI measurements, surgical revascularization and probably medications like anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-hypertensive medication. Exercise was found to have no effect on brain volume on a short-term basis, which may imply that dehydration caused by exercise differs from dehydration by fluid restriction. In the upcoming years, attention should be directed towards studies investigating physiological short-term changes within the light of long-term pathological changes. Ultimately this may lead to a better understanding of the physiological short-term effects of pathological processes and may aid in early detection of these diseases. Fluid-restriction, evening MRI, corticosteroids, & antipsychotics decrease volume Fluid-intake, morning MRI, surgical revascularization & medications increase volume Short-term changes within the light of long-term pathological changes should be investigated Short-term changes may introduce bias in longitudinal data
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Dieleman
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huiberdina L Koek
- Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Elvsåshagen T, Zak N, Norbom LB, Pedersen PØ, Quraishi SH, Bjørnerud A, Alnæs D, Doan NT, Malt UF, Groote IR, Westlye LT. Evidence for cortical structural plasticity in humans after a day of waking and sleep deprivation. Neuroimage 2017; 156:214-223. [PMID: 28526620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved process required for human health and functioning. Insufficient sleep causes impairments across cognitive domains, and sleep deprivation can have rapid antidepressive effects in mood disorders. However, the neurobiological effects of waking and sleep are not well understood. Recently, animal studies indicated that waking and sleep are associated with substantial cortical structural plasticity. Here, we hypothesized that structural plasticity can be observed after a day of waking and sleep deprivation in the human cerebral cortex. To test this hypothesis, 61 healthy adult males underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at three time points: in the morning after a regular night's sleep, the evening of the same day, and the next morning, either after total sleep deprivation (N=41) or a night of sleep (N=20). We found significantly increased right prefrontal cortical thickness from morning to evening across all participants. In addition, pairwise comparisons in the deprived group between the two morning scans showed significant thinning of mainly bilateral medial parietal cortices after 23h of sleep deprivation, including the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. However, there were no significant group (sleep vs. sleep deprived group) by time interactions and we can therefore not rule out that other mechanisms than sleep deprivation per se underlie the bilateral medial parietal cortical thinning observed in the deprived group. Nonetheless, these cortices are thought to subserve wakefulness, are among the brain regions with highest metabolic rate during wake, and are considered some of the most sensitive cortical regions to a variety of insults. Furthermore, greater thinning within the left medial parietal cluster was associated with increased sleepiness after sleep deprivation. Together, these findings add to a growing body of data showing rapid structural plasticity within the human cerebral cortex detectable with MRI. Further studies are needed to clarify whether cortical thinning is one neural substrate of sleepiness after sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nathalia Zak
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn B Norbom
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Ø Pedersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Atle Bjørnerud
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge R Groote
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Ma AY, Vitorino RC, Hojjat SP, Mulholland AD, Zhang L, Lee L, Carroll TJ, Cantrell CG, Figley CR, Aviv RI. The relationship between white matter fiber damage and gray matter perfusion in large-scale functionally defined networks in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2017; 23:1884-1892. [PMID: 28178867 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517691149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies utilizing perfusion as a surrogate of cortical integrity show promise for overall cognition, but the association between white matter (WM) damage and gray matter (GM) integrity in specific functional networks is not previously studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between WM fiber integrity and GM node perfusion within six functional networks of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) patients. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurocognitive testing were performed on 19 healthy controls (HC), 39 RRMS, and 45 SPMS patients. WM damage extent and severity were quantified with T2-hyper/T1-hypointense (T2h/T1h) lesion volume and degree of perfusion reduction in lesional and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), respectively. A two-step linear regression corrected for confounders was employed. RESULTS Cognitive impairment was present in 20/39 (51%) RRMS and 25/45 (53%) SPMS patients. GM node perfusion was associated with WM fiber damage severity (WM hypoperfusion) within each network-including both NAWM ( R2 = 0.67-0.89, p < 0.0001) and T2h ( R2 = 0.39-0.62, p < 0.0001) WM regions-but was not significantly associated ( p > 0.01) with WM fiber damage extent (i.e. T2h/T1h lesion volumes). CONCLUSION Overall, GM node perfusion was associated with severity rather than extent of WM network damage, supporting a primary etiology of GM hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Y Ma
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rita C Vitorino
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seyed-Parsa Hojjat
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alannah D Mulholland
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liesly Lee
- Department of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy J Carroll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles G Cantrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chase R Figley
- Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada/Neuroscience Research Program and Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Richard I Aviv
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada/Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Differential associations between systemic markers of disease and cortical thickness in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Neuroimage 2016; 146:19-27. [PMID: 27847345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from cortical damage associated with age, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, it's an outstanding question if factors of global health, including normal variation in blood markers of metabolic and systemic function, may also be associated with individual variation in brain structure. This cross-sectional study included 138 individuals between 40 to 86 years old who were physically healthy and cognitively intact. Eleven markers (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, insulin, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, total protein) and five derived indicators (estimated glomerular filtration rate, creatinine clearance rate, insulin-resistance, average glucose, and cholesterol/HDL ratio) were obtained from blood sampling of all participants. T1-weighted 3T MRI scans were used to evaluate gray matter cortical thickness. The markers were clustered into five factors, and factor scores were related to cortical thickness by general linear model. Two factors, one linked to insulin/metabolic health and the other to kidney function (KFF) showed regionally selective associations with cortical thickness including lateral and medial temporal, temporoparietal, and superior parietal regions for both factors and frontoparietal regions for KFF. An association between the increasing cholesterol and greater thickness in frontoparietal and occipital areas was also noted. Associations persisted independently of age, presence of cardiovascular risk factors and ApoE gene status. These findings may provide information on distinct mechanisms of inter-individual cortical variation as well as factors contributing to trajectories of cortical thinning with advancing age.
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26
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Jarrett M, Tam R, Hernández-Torres E, Martin N, Perera W, Zhao Y, Shahinfard E, Dadachanji S, Taunton J, Li DKB, Rauscher A. A Prospective Pilot Investigation of Brain Volume, White Matter Hyperintensities, and Hemorrhagic Lesions after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 26903944 PMCID: PMC4751255 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the most common neurological disorders. Hemorrhagic lesions and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are radiological features associated with moderate and severe TBI. Brain volume reductions have also been observed during the months following injury. In concussion, no signs of injury are observed on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which may be a true feature of concussion or merely due to the limited sensitivity of imaging techniques used so far. Moreover, it is not known whether volume reductions are due to the resolution of trauma-related edema or a true volume loss. Forty-five collegiate-level ice hockey players (20 females) and 15 controls (9 females), 40 players underwent 3-T MRI for hemorrhages [multi-echo susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI)], WMH (three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery), and brain volume at the beginning and the end of the hockey season. Concussed athletes underwent additional imaging and neuropsychological testing at 3 days, 2 weeks, and 2 months after injury. At the end of the hockey season, brain volume was reduced compared to controls by 0.32% (p < 0.034) in the whole cohort and by 0.26% (p < 0.09) in the concussed athletes. Two weeks and 2 months after concussion, brain volume was reduced by −0.08% (p = 0.027) and −0.23% (p = 0.035), respectively. In athletes, the WMH were significantly closer to the interface between gray matter and white matter compared to controls. No significant changes in the number of WMH over the duration of the study were found in athletes. No microhemorrhages were detected as a result of concussion or playing a season of ice hockey. We conclude that mild TBI does not lead to transient increases in brain volume and no new microbleeds or WMH are detectable after concussion. Brain volume reductions appear by 2 weeks after concussion and persist until at least 2 months after concussion. Brain volume is reduced between the beginning and the end of the ice hockey season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jarrett
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Roger Tam
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Nancy Martin
- Department of Radiology, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC, Canada; Department of Radiology, Burnaby Hospital, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Department of Radiology, Delta Hospital, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Warren Perera
- Medical Imaging Department, St Vincent's Hospital , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Yinshan Zhao
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Elham Shahinfard
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Shiroy Dadachanji
- Division of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Jack Taunton
- Division of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - David K B Li
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; MS/MRI Research Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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