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Al Refaie A, Baldassini L, Mondillo C, De Vita M, Giglio E, Tarquini R, Gonnelli S, Caffarelli C. Vitamin D and Dyslipidemia: Is There Really a Link? A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1144. [PMID: 38674837 PMCID: PMC11053479 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D is growing. In the literature, its several possible actions have been confirmed. Vitamin D seems to have a regulatory role in many different fields-inflammation, immunity, and the endocrine system-and many studies would demonstrate a possible correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we deepened the relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia by reviewing the available literature. The results are not entirely clear-cut: on the one hand, numerous observational studies suggest a link between higher serum vitamin D levels and a beneficial lipid profile, while on the other hand, interventional studies do not demonstrate a significant effect. Understanding the possible relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia may represent a turning point: another link between vitamin D and the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Al Refaie
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
- Division of Internal Medicine I, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Tuscany, Italy
| | - Leonardo Baldassini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Caterina Mondillo
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Michela De Vita
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Elisa Giglio
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Roberto Tarquini
- Division of Internal Medicine I, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Tuscany, Italy
| | - Stefano Gonnelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Carla Caffarelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
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Rupprecht M, Wagenpfeil S, Schöpe J, Vieth R, Vogt T, Reichrath J. Meta-Analysis of European Clinical Trials Characterizing the Healthy-Adult Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D Supplementation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3986. [PMID: 37764770 PMCID: PMC10537880 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain reliable data that allow health authorities to re-evaluate recommendations for oral vitamin D uptake, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the impact of supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in healthy adults in Europe. Of the publications identified (n = 4005) in our literature search (PUBMED, through 2 January 2022), 49 primary studies (7320 subjects, 73 study arms) were eligible for inclusion in our meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool based on seven categories, according to which each study is rated using three grades, and overall was rated as rather low. The median duration of intervention was 136.78 days (range, 1088 days); the mean weighted baseline 25(OH)D concentration and mean age were 33.01 vs. 33.84 nmol/L and 46.8 vs. 44.8 years in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively. Using random-effects models, 25(OH)D levels were increased by 36.28 nmol/L (95% CI 31.97-40.59) in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo, with a relative serum increment of 1.77 nmol/L per 2.5 μg of vitamin D daily. Notably, the relative serum 25(OH)D increment was affected by various factors, including the dosage and baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration, decreasing with increasing vitamin D doses and with increasing baseline serum levels. We estimate that supplementation in all healthy adults in Europe with appr. 25 μg of vitamin D (1000 IU) daily would raise serum 25(OH)D levels in 95% of the population to ≥50 nmol/L. Our work provides health authorities with reliable data that can help to re-evaluate recommendations for oral vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rupprecht
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Health Management, German University for Prevention and Health Management (DHfPG), 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schöpe
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Vieth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Foest D, Knodel A, Ahrends R, Coman C, Franzke J, Brandt S. Flexible Microtube Plasma for the Consecutive-Ionization of Cholesterol in Nano-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37220280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is an established method for the identification of biomarkers. By nano-ESI (nESI), the polar molecular fraction of complex biological samples can be successfully ionized. In contrast, the less-polar free cholesterol, which serves as an important biomarker for several human diseases, is barely accessible by nESI. Although, complex scan functions of modern high-resolution MS devices are able to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, they are limited by the ionization efficiency of the nESI. One possible method to increase the ionization efficiency is the derivatization with acetyl chloride, however interferences with cholesteryl esters must be considered, so chromatographic separation or complex scan functions may be required. A novel approach to increase the yield of cholesterol ions of the nESI could be the application of a second consecutive-ionization process. This publication presents the flexible microtube plasma (FμTP) as a consecutive-ionization source, which allows the determination of cholesterol in nESI-MS analysis. Focusing on the analytical performance, the nESI-FμTP approach increases the cholesterol signal yield in a complex liver extract by a factor of 49. The repeatability and long-term stability could be successfully evaluated. A linear dynamic range of 1.7 orders of magnitude, a minimum detectability of 5.46 mg/L, and a high accuracy (deviation, -8.1%) demonstrates the nESI-FμTP-MS as an excellent approach for a derivatization-free determination of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Foest
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften─ISAS─e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Knodel
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften─ISAS─e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Coman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Franzke
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften─ISAS─e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brandt
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften─ISAS─e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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Li X, Luan Y, Li Y, Ye S, Wang G, Cai X, Liang Y, Kord Varkaneh H, Luan Y. The effect of high-fructose corn syrup vs. sucrose on anthropometric and metabolic parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1013310. [PMID: 36238453 PMCID: PMC9551185 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1013310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has been speculated to have stronger negative metabolic effects than sucrose. However, given the current equivocality in the field, the aim of the present study was to determine the impact of HFCS use compared to sucrose on anthropometric and metabolic parameters. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central and web of sciences, from database inception to May 2022. A random effects model and the generic inverse variance method were applied to assess the overall effect size. Heterogeneity analysis was performed using the Cochran Q test and the I2 index. Four articles, with 9 arms, containing 767 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Average HFCS and sucrose usage equated to 19% of daily caloric intake. Combined data from three studies indicated that HFCS intake does not significantly change the weight (weighted mean difference (WMD): −0.29 kg, 95% CI: −1.34, 0.77, I2 = 0%) when compared to the sucrose group. Concordant results were found for waist circumstance, body mass index, fat mass, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Moreover, overall results from three studies indicated a significant increase in CRP levels (WMD: 0.27 mg/l, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.52, I2 = 23%) in the HFCS group compared to sucrose. In conclusion, analysis of data from the literature suggests that HFCS consumption was associated with a higher level of CRP compared to sucrose, whilst no significant changes between the two sweeteners were evident in other anthropometric and metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yunqi Luan
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control (Beijing Center for Vaccine Control), Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Li
- The General Surgery Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shili Ye
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Guihui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xinlun Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yucai Liang
- Lairui Biotechnology (Yunnan) Co., Ltd. Yunnan, China
| | | | - Yunpeng Luan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yunpeng Luan
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Reczkowicz J, Mika A, Antosiewicz J, Kortas J, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Śledziński T, Kowalski K, Kaska Ł. Bariatric Surgery Induced Changes in Blood Cholesterol Are Modulated by Vitamin D Status. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102000. [PMID: 35631139 PMCID: PMC9145606 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of metabolically active bariatric surgery treatment on lipid metabolism is inconclusive. The authors of this study presume that initial vitamin D status may play a regulating role in influencing the beneficial post-effects of bariatric surgery, especially the lipid profile. The biochemical data obtained from 24 patients who had undergone laparoscopic one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) at baseline, 3 months before the surgery, at the time of surgery, and 6 months later, demonstrate that vitamin D status influenced the postoperative lipid profile. The baseline established the partition line which divided patients into two groups according to the stated calcidiol initial concentration level of 32 ng/mL. The data shows that OAGB induces a decrease in TG and hsCRP while increasing HDL. Conversely, in patients whose 25(OH)D3 was below 32 ng/mL TC significantly increased while those above this concentration remained in the normal physiological range. The changes induced by OAGB in TG, glucose, and hsCRP were similar in both groups. Unexpectedly, the surgery did not affect vitamin D metabolites. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that a higher concentration of serum 25(OH)D3 may enhance the protective effects of OAGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Reczkowicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (Ł.K.); Tel.: +48-583491456 (J.A.)
| | - Jakub Kortas
- Department of Health and Natural Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Śledziński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Masdiag Sp. z o.o. Company, Stefana Żeromskiego 33, 01-882 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (Ł.K.); Tel.: +48-583491456 (J.A.)
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Foest D, Knodel A, Brandt S, Franzke J. Coupling paper spray ionization with the flexible microtube plasma for the determination of low polar biomarkers in mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1201:339619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Peng J, Yang G, Huang Z. Vitamin D Deficiency Impacts Exposure and Response of Pravastatin in Male Rats by Altering Hepatic OATPs. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841954. [PMID: 35250587 PMCID: PMC8892078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D (VD) deficiency on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of pravastatin and clarify whether the effects are mediated by Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). Experiments were conducted in rats to explore the effect of VD deficiency on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of pravastatin. In the pharmacodynamic study, rats were fed a VD-free or VD-supplement high-fat diet for 25–30 days, and plasma 25(OH)VD was dynamically monitored. The response of pravastatin (changes in blood lipids) on rats were then examined after 15 days of pravastatin treatment. In the pharmacokinetic study, rats were fed a VD-free or VD-supplement diet for 25–30 days. The pharmacokinetics of single oral dose pravastatin was then studied, and intestinal and hepatic Oatp1a1 and Oatp2b1 expression was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot. Furthermore, OATP1B1 and OATP2B1 expression in Huh7 cells with or without 1.25(OH)2D were assessed via qPCR and western blot. For the pharmacodynamic study, the decrease of total cholesterol and increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in VD-deficient rats were smaller than in VD-sufficient rats, indicating that VD deficiency reduced the response of pravastatin in rats. For the pharmacokinetic study, the plasma exposure slightly increased, and liver exposure decreased in VD-deficient rats, but not significantly. VD deficiency decreased the Oatp1a1 and Oatp2b1 expression in the liver, but not in the small intestine. Similarly, OATP1B1 and OATP2B1 protein levels in Huh7 cells were reduced when 1.25(OH)2D was absent. In conclusion, VD deficiency can decrease the response of pravastatin in rats by reducing the liver pravastatin exposure and expression of hepatic OATPs, consistent with the extended hepatic clearance model theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jinfu Peng, ; Zhijun Huang,
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jinfu Peng, ; Zhijun Huang,
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Prevalence and novel risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency in elite athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3857-3871. [PMID: 35882673 PMCID: PMC9596536 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vitamin D insufficiency may be common among elite athletes, but prevalence is unclear, and some potentially important risk factors are uncertain. The present study aimed to (a) estimate the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in elite athletes, and (b) examine differences in prevalence between the sexes, and between adults and adolescents, from recent studies which used a contemporary definition of insufficiency. METHODS Four databases (Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Sports Medicine and Education Index) were searched for studies in elite athletes. Literature selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted independently by two researchers. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. Meta-analysis was conducted, using R software x64 4.0.2, to provide estimates of prevalence of insufficiency for adults and adolescents, and to examine between-sex differences in risk of insufficiency. RESULTS From the initial 943 literature search hits, 51 studies were eligible with 5456 participants, 33 studies in adults (12/33 in winter and spring), 15 studies in adolescents (6/15 in winter and spring) and 3 studies with age of study participants not given. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency from meta-analysis was 30% (95% CI 22-39%) in adults and prevalence was higher, though not significantly so, at 39% (95% CI 25-55%) in adolescents. Differences in the prevalence of insufficiency between the sexes for the eight studies which provided within-study comparisons was not significant (RR = 1.0; 95% CI 0.79-1.26). Evidence quality was moderate. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (≤ 50 nmol/L) in elite athletes is high, suggesting a need for greater attention to prevention and treatment. Prevalence estimates in the present study are conservative due to a relative lack of studies in winter. While there was no evidence of higher risk among women than men in the present study, there was less evidence on women.
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Setayesh L, Amini A, Bagheri R, Moradi N, Yarizadeh H, Asbaghi O, Casazza K, Yekaninejad MS, Wong A, Suzuki K, Mirzaei K. Elevated Plasma Concentrations of Vitamin D-Binding Protein Are Associated with Lower High-Density Lipoprotein and Higher Fat Mass Index in Overweight and Obese Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093223. [PMID: 34579103 PMCID: PMC8472481 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Observational studies have established that vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) concentrations are the major factors affecting the bioavailability of 25(OH)D. It has also been shown that poor 25(OH)D bioavailability elevates the risk of obesity and its related cardio-metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between 25(OH)D and DBP concentrations with cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese cohorts has not been established. Consequently, we evaluated the association between DBP and 25(OH)D concentrations with lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), and body composition in overweight and obese women. (2) Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 236 overweight and obese women, DBP and 25(OH)D concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis. Lipid profile and BP were assessed by an auto-analyzer and digital BP monitor, respectively. The associations were examined by multivariate logistic regression. (3) Results: The indicated showed an inverse relationship between DBP and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.010) concentrations (where individuals with higher DBP had lower HDL) which, after adjusting for possible cofounders, remained significant (p = 0.006). Moreover, DBP concentration was positively associated with fat mass index (FMI) after adjustment (p = 0.022). No significant relationships were observed among 25(OH)D and target variables. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, lower concentrations of HDL and higher values of FMI are associated with higher concentrations of DBP in overweight and obese women. These findings present novel awareness regarding the association of DBP with some metabolic and body composition variables in overweight and obese women. However, a two-way causal relationship between DBP and target variables should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (L.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Abbas Amini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australian College of Kuwait, Safat 13015, Kuwait;
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 6617713446, Iran;
| | - Habib Yarizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (L.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran;
| | - Krista Casazza
- Marieb College of Health and Human Services, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA;
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran;
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo 2-579-15, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; (L.S.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.M.)
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Knechtle B, Jastrzębski Z, Hill L, Nikolaidis PT. Vitamin D and Stress Fractures in Sport: Preventive and Therapeutic Measures-A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:223. [PMID: 33804459 PMCID: PMC7999420 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous risk factors for stress fractures that have been identified in literature. Among different risk factors, a prolonged lack of vitamin D (25(OH)D) can lead to stress fractures in athletes since 25(OH)D insufficiency is associated with an increased incidence of a fracture. A 25(OH)D value of <75.8 nmol/L is a risk factor for a stress fracture. 25(OH)D deficiency is, however, only one of several potential risk factors. Well-documented risk factors for a stress fracture include female sex, white ethnicity, older age, taller stature, lower aerobic fitness, prior physical inactivity, greater amounts of current physical training, thinner bones, 25(OH)D deficiency, iron deficiency, menstrual disturbances, and inadequate intake of 25(OH)D and/or calcium. Stress fractures are not uncommon in athletes and affect around 20% of all competitors. Most athletes with a stress fracture are under 25 years of age. Stress fractures can affect every sporty person, from weekend athletes to top athletes. Stress fractures are common in certain sports disciplines such as basketball, baseball, athletics, rowing, soccer, aerobics, and classical ballet. The lower extremity is increasingly affected for stress fractures with the locations of the tibia, metatarsalia and pelvis. Regarding prevention and therapy, 25(OH)D seems to play an important role. Athletes should have an evaluation of 25(OH)D -dependent calcium homeostasis based on laboratory tests of 25-OH-D3, calcium, creatinine, and parathyroid hormone. In case of a deficiency of 25(OH)D, normal blood levels of ≥30 ng/mL may be restored by optimizing the athlete's lifestyle and, if appropriate, an oral substitution of 25(OH)D. Very recent studies suggested that the prevalence of stress fractures decreased when athletes are supplemented daily with 800 IU 25(OH)D and 2000 mg calcium. Recommendations of daily 25(OH)D intake may go up to 2000 IU of 25(OH)D per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Pestalozzistrasse 24, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zbigniew Jastrzębski
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Lee Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Pantelis T. Nikolaidis
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, 18450 Nikaia, Greece;
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
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Ma L, Wang S, Chen H, Cui L, Liu X, Yang H, Li G, Liu S, Qi T, Tian H. Diminished 25-OH vitamin D 3 levels and vitamin D receptor variants are associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes with coronary artery diseases. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23137. [PMID: 31793694 PMCID: PMC7171300 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Role of plasma vitamin D and genetic variants of its receptor (VDR) in susceptibility to different diseases has been documented. Various studies in different populations have been highlighted strong associations with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the onset of coronary artery diseases (CAD). However, the role of vitamin D in predisposition to CAD in patients with T2D is ill‐defined. Materials and Methods We enrolled 674 Chinese T2D patients, and based on clinical phenotype, patients were further categorized into patients with (n = 138) or without coronary artery disease (n = 536). Five hundred twenty‐one healthy subjects from similar geographical areas, free from diabetic or coronary disorders, were enrolled as controls. Serum levels of 25‐OH vitamin D were quantified by ELISA. Common VDR (FokI, TaqI, BsmI, and ApaI) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). Results Patients with T2D displayed lower levels of 25‐OH vitamin D compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, T2D patients with CAD clinical phenotype had the lowest levels of vitamin D. Prevalence of FokI and TaqI mutants was significantly higher in diabetic patients when compared to controls. Interestingly, Tt genotype was more frequent in the artery disease group in comparison with T2D patients without heart involvement. Combined analysis of VDR polymorphisms and serum levels of vitamin D revealed a significant role in predisposition to T2D with or without CAD. Conclusions Lower vitamin D levels and variants of VDR polymorphisms (FokI and TaqI) are associated with susceptibility to T2D and clinical manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China.,Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shujin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Heming Chen
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Departments of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Songfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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12
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the response of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration to vitamin D supplementation from RCTs from around the globe. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:816-834. [PMID: 30872787 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Optimal doses of vitamin D (VitD) supplement in different populations are unclear. We aim to evaluate the relationship between VitD supplementation and post-intervention serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, to provide a recommended dosage of VitD for achieving an optimal 25(OH)D concentration for different populations. SUBJECTS/METHODS Literature search was conducted in Embase, etc. Randomized controlled trials about VitD supplemental intakes and their effect on 25(OH)D concentration were enrolled. The effect on 25(OH)D concentration between different supplementation doses in each population group was compared by meta-analysis. Multivariate meta-regression model is utilized to establish reference intake dosage of VitD. RESULTS A total of 136 articles were included about children (3-17 years), adults (18-64 years), postmenopausal women, the elderly ( >64 years), pregnant, or lactating women. Overall, intervention groups obtained higher 25(OH)D concentration than controls and there was obvious dose-response effect between intake dose and 25(OH)D concentration. Baseline 25(OH)D concentration and age were significant indicators for 25(OH)D concentration. To reach sufficient 25(OH)D concentration (75 nmol/L), the recommended VitD supplemental intakes was 1340 and 2250 IU/day for children and pregnant women, 2519 and 797 IU/day for European adults aged 18-64 and 65-85 years, 729, 2026, and 1229 IU/day for adults in North America, Asia and Middle East and Africa, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Regional- and age-specific recommended dosages of VitD supplements for population to achieve optimal 25(OH)D concentrations have been suggested.
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13
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Mariam W, Garg S, Singh MM, Koner BC, Anuradha S, Basu S. Vitamin D status, determinants and relationship with biochemical profile in women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Delhi, India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1517-1521. [PMID: 31336515 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the burden of vitamin D deficiency and its determinants and to assess the relationship of 25 hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) levels with biochemical parameters linked to health outcomes in women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a hospital based cross-sectional study in the diabetes out-patient department clinic of a major tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. Adult women with T2DM on treatment for at least 6 months were included in this study. The women who have been given Vitamin D supplementation during the past 6 months were excluded. We assessed Serum 25-OHD, HbA1c, lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose in the patients through standardized laboratory methods. RESULTS One hundred women with T2DM were enrolled of which 22 (22%) had good glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%). Vitamin D deficiency was seen among 77 (77%) and insufficiency among 16 (16%) of the recruited subjects. Younger age group (31-45 years) and illiteracy was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.05). No association was found between Vitamin D deficiency and HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among women with T2DM. Illiteracy and young age were major determinants of vitamin D deficiency indicating they need special attention and Vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warisha Mariam
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
| | - Suneela Garg
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | - S Anuradha
- Dept. of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
| | - Saurav Basu
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
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14
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Prusik K, Kortas J, Prusik K, Mieszkowski J, Jaworska J, Skrobot W, Lipinski M, Ziemann E, Antosiewicz J. Nordic Walking Training Causes a Decrease in Blood Cholesterol in Elderly Women Supplemented with Vitamin D. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018. [PMID: 29515518 PMCID: PMC5826219 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Different studies have demonstrated that regular exercise can induce changes in the lipid profile, but results remain inconclusive. Available data suggest that correction of vitamin D deficiency can improve the lipid profile. In this study, we have hypothesized that Nordic Walking training will improve lipid profile in elderly women supplemented with vitamin D. METHODS A total of 109 elderly women (68 ± 5.12 years old) took part in the study. First group [experimental group (EG): 35 women] underwent 12 weeks of Nordic Walking (NW) training combined with vitamin D supplementation (4,000 IU/day), second group [supplementation group (SG): 48 women] was only supplemented with vitamin D (4,000 IU/day), and third group [control group (CG): 31 women] was not subject to any interventions. Blood analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and 25-OH-D3 was performed at baseline and after the 12 weeks of NW training. Additionally, a battery of field tests specifically developed for older adults was used to assess the components of functional fitness. The same blood analysis was repeated for the EG 6 months after the main experiment. RESULTS After 12 weeks of NW training and vitamin D supplementation, in the EG a decrease in TC, LDL-C, and TG was observed. In the SG, no changes in the lipid profile were observed, whereas in the CG an increase in the HDL-C level was noticed. Positive physical fitness changes were only observed in the EG. CONCLUSION Our obtained data confirmed baseline assumption that regular exercise induces positive alternations in lipid profile in elderly women supported by supplementation of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Prusik
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Department of Health Promotion, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Kortas
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Department of Health Promotion, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Prusik
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Department of Health Promotion, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Mieszkowski
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Biochemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Physiology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Skrobot
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Lipinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Jedrzej Antosiewicz,
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