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Shimamura Y, Takemura R, Iwanami K, Yamamoto D, Sagayama H, Iwayama K. Comparison of energy requirement estimation using activity record or accelerometer with doubly labeled water method in collegiate male sprinters. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:295-301. [PMID: 38777447 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Track and field sprinters must obtain an optimal body composition to improve sprint performance. To successfully change body composition, it is important to evaluate the estimated energy requirements (EER) and fluctuations in total energy expenditure (TEE). However, methods to accurately evaluate the EER and TEE in sprinters have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to compare currently used methods with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, which is currently the gold standard for evaluating EER and TEE. METHODS Ten male collegiate sprinters participated in the study. We evaluated TEEDLW and compared it with the EER calculated using two equations used by the National Institute of Health and Nutrition (NIHN) and the Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS). In addition, we evaluated the TEE from the activity record (AR) and triaxial accelerometer (ACC). RESULTS TEEDLW (3172 ± 415 kcal/day) was not significantly different from EERNIHN (p = 0.076) or EERJISS (p = 0.967). In addition, there were no significant differences between TEEDLW and TEEAR (p = 0.218). However, two accelerometer-derived equations used to evaluate TEE were found to have underestimated (2783 ± 377 kcal/day, p < 0.001) and overestimated (3405 ± 369 kcal/day, p = 0.009) the TEE. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that EERNIHN and EERJISS may be useful in evaluating the EER of collegiate male sprinters on a group basis, and AR may be more accurate than ACC in evaluating the TEE. These results may be helpful when considering nutritional support for male collegiate sprinters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shimamura
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Degree Programs in Comprehensive Human Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryusei Takemura
- Graduate School of Physical Education Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kensuke Iwanami
- Graduate School of Physical Education Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaito Iwayama
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan.
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Zhang N, He H, Zhang J, Ma G. Determination of the energy expenditure, sources, and loss of water among young adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:32. [PMID: 35501829 PMCID: PMC9059400 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies on measuring human energy expenditure with the doubly labeled water method has been conducted in China. The sources and loss of water among human body have never been systematically evaluated. Less data can be available for the development of the recommendation on energy expenditure and water intake. The objective of this study was to determine the energy expenditure, water sources, and loss among young adults.
Methods In this cross-sectional study, 25 participants were recruited. Double-labeled water was used to determine their energy expenditure. Water loss through skin evaporation and respiration of the lungs and water sources from metabolic water were calculated using corresponding formula, respectively. Water loss through excretion of urine was recorded and evaluated using “3-day, 24-h, real-time urine excretion record” method. All urine samples were collected and weighed in the 3 days. Water loss through excretion of feces was evaluated using “3-day, 24-h, real-time fecal-excretion record” method. All fecal samples were collected and tested by the direct drying method. Water sources from fluid intake were recorded by “7-day, 24-h, real-time fluid intake record” method. Water intake from food was calculated and tested by the weighing method combined with the duplicate portion method and the direct drying method in the 3 days. Results The energy expenditure of males was 2187 kcal/d, and that of females was 1987 kcal/d. The median fluid intake, water intake from food, and metabolic water were 887, 1173 and 246 mL, respectively, which accounted for 38.8%, 50.3%, and 11.2% of total water sources. There was a gender difference in the percentage of metabolic water (Z = − 2.135, P = 0.033). The water loss through urine excretion, skin evaporation, respiration, and feces excretion was 1295, 172, 149 and 64 mL, respectively, which accounted for 76.5%, 10.3%, 9.5%, and 3.6% of the total water losses. Gender differences in the amount of water loss through respiration and skin evaporation were found (Z = − 4.125, P < 0.001; Z = − 3.723, P < 0.001). Conclusions Energy expenditure of male was higher than that of female. The first major water sources was water intake from food in this study, and the first major water loss was urine excretion. Trial registration The study was registered on the website of Chinese clinical trial registry, and the code of identification is ChiCTR1900028746. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00668-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hairong He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianfen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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UCHIZAWA A, FUNAYAMA A, OSUMI H, ENOMOTO Y, ZHANG S, TOKUYAMA K, OMI N, SAGAYAMA H. Food Quotient Assessments Using One-Week Dietary Records and Food Frequency Questionnaires of Young Japanese Runners. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:47-54. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko UCHIZAWA
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Airi FUNAYAMA
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Haruka OSUMI
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Simeng ZHANG
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba
| | - Kumpei TOKUYAMA
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba
| | - Naomi OMI
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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Sagayama H, Kondo E, Tanabe Y, Ohnishi T, Yamada Y, Takahashi H. Bone mineral density in male weight-classified athletes is higher than that in male endurance-athletes and non-athletes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 36:106-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Total Energy Expenditure, Physical Activity Level, and Water Turnover of Collegiate Dinghy Sailors in a Training Camp. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2019; 29:350–353. [PMID: 30299186 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have examined offshore sailing and energy strategies using accurate total energy expenditure (TEE) measurement in free-living conditions. However, no research has studied energy and water requirement during dinghy class sailing such as an Olympic event with concentrated training. This study aimed to investigate the TEE, physical activity level (PAL), and water turnover (rH2O) of collegiate dinghy sailors in a training camp using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Eleven dinghy sailing collegiate athletes (9 males and 2 females) participated. The DLW method was used to determine the participants' TEE and PAL over 8 days (6 training, 2 non-training days). Participants trained approximately 7 h/day on water. Body fat was measured using a stable-isotope dilution method. The rH2O was estimated using deuterium turnover. The mean TEE, PAL, and rH2O were 17.30 ± 4.22 MJ/day (4133 ± 1009 kcal/day), 2.8 ± 0.3 (range, 2.1 to 4.1), and 3.3±0.7 (range, 2.6 to 4.5) L/day, respectively. To our knowledge, this was the first study to use the DLW method to determine TEE, PAL, and rH2O as references for competitive dinghy sailors in a spring training camp. Our results may serve as a reference to assist competitive dinghy sailors in determining their required nutritional support.
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Effect of the Health Tourism weight loss programme on body composition and health outcomes in healthy and excess-weight adults. Br J Nutr 2019; 119:1133-1141. [PMID: 29759101 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Excess weight loss while minimising fat-free mass (FFM) loss is important for health. Travel is a particular period at risk for weight gain and for which the effects of a short-term intensive weight loss programme have not been studied. Therefore, we studied the effect of a novel, 1-week supervised health travel programme combining high volume, low-to-moderate intensity exercise and energy intake restriction on weight, body composition and health outcomes in adults. Weight was also monitored for 12 weeks after the programme. In all, thirty-six subjects (nineteen men, seventeen women) consisting of sixteen excess-weight (BMI: 27·1 (sd 1·7) kg/m2) and twenty healthy-weight (BMI: 22·3 (sd 1·8) kg/m2) individuals participated. Subjects performed 1 h of slow-paced intermittent jogging three times per d and other leisure activities, whereas consuming only provided foods without water restriction. Body mass significantly decreased from pre- to post-intervention in excess-weight and healthy-weight individuals (-3·5 (sd 1·5) and -3·5 (sd 1·3) %, respectively; P<0·001 for both), and losses were maintained at 12 weeks post-intervention in both groups (-6·3 (sd 3·8) and -1·7 (sd 4·0) %, respectively; P<0·01 for both). Fat mass also significantly decreased in both groups (excess weight: -9·2 (sd 4·6) %: healthy weight: -13·4 (sd 9·0) %; P<0·01 for both), whereas FFM was maintained. Similar improvements were observed for blood biochemistry and pressure in both groups. This short-term weight loss intervention yielded favourable outcomes in both excess- and healthy-weight adults, particularly a 3·5 % weight loss with no significant change to FFM. In addition, participants maintained weight loss for at least 12 weeks. Of multiple programme choices, the Health Tourism weight loss programme's results indicate that it is a viable option.
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Kondo E, Shiose K, Yamada Y, Osawa T, Sagayama H, Motonaga K, Ouchi S, Kamei A, Nakajima K, Takahashi H, Okamura K. Effect of Thoracic Gas Volume Changes on Body Composition Assessed by Air Displacement Plethysmography after Rapid Weight Loss and Regain in Elite Collegiate Wrestlers. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7020048. [PMID: 30791426 PMCID: PMC6410171 DOI: 10.3390/sports7020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of rapid weight loss (RWL) and weight regain (WR) on thoracic gas volume (VTG) and body composition assessment using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in male wrestlers. Eight male elite collegiate wrestlers completed a RWL regimen (6% of body mass) over a 53-h period, which was followed by a 13-h WR period. ADP was used at three time points (baseline (T1), post-RWL (T2) and post-WR (T3)) according to the manufacturer’s testing recommendations. The total body water and bone mineral content were estimated using the stable isotope dilution method and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively, at the same time points. Body composition was assessed with two-component (2C) or four-component (4C) models using either the measured VTG (mVTG) or predicted VTG (pVTG). Measured VTG increased from T1 to T2 (0.36 ± 0.31 L, p < 0.05) and decreased from T2 to T3 (−0.29 ± 0.15 L, p < 0.01). However, the changes in fat mass and fat free mass, which were calculated by both 2C and 4C models, were not significantly different when compared between calculations using mVTG and those using pVTG. Our results indicate that VTG significantly changes during RWL and WR, but both measured and predicted VTG can be used to assess changes in body composition during RWL and WR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kondo
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Shiose
- Department Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Section of Healthy Longevity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Takuya Osawa
- Department of Sports Wellness Sciences, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo 157-0061, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimahi Business Center Building, 5-3-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Keiko Motonaga
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Shiori Ouchi
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kamei
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Kohei Nakajima
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Koji Okamura
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka 590-0496, Japan.
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Burrows TL, Ho YY, Rollo ME, Collins CE. Validity of Dietary Assessment Methods When Compared to the Method of Doubly Labeled Water: A Systematic Review in Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:850. [PMID: 31920966 PMCID: PMC6928130 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accuracy in quantifying energy intake (EI) using common dietary assessment methods is crucial for interpreting the relationship between diet and chronic disease. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the validity of dietary assessment methods used to estimate the EI of adults in comparison to total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by doubly labeled water (DLW). Articles in English across nine electronic databases, published between 1973 and February 2019 were retrieved. Studies were included if participants were adults (≥18 years) and used the DLW technique to measure TEE compared to self-reported EI. A total of 59 studies were included, with a total of 6,298 free living adults and a mean of 107 participants per study. The majority of studies including 16 studies that included a technology based method reported significant (P < 0.05) under-reporting of EI when compared to TEE, with few over-reporting EI. Misreporting was more frequent among females compared to males within recall based dietary assessment methods. The degree of under-reporting was highly variable within studies using the same method, with 24 h recalls having less variation and degree of under-reporting compared to other methods.
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Sagayama H, Yoshimura E, Yamada Y, Tanaka H. The effects of rapid weight loss and 3-h recovery on energy expenditure, carbohydrate, and fat oxidation in boxing athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:1018-1025. [PMID: 29991217 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boxers need to consider energy metabolism during rapid weight loss (RWL) followed by rapid weight regain. We examined the effects of RWL and a 3-h acute weight recovery on energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation, and fat oxidation in boxing athletes. METHODS The analysis was based on the data of seven healthy young male athletes who underwent rapid weight loss followed by acute weight recovery. Energy expenditure was evaluated at three time points: one week prior to the acute weight loss (baseline); after the 1-week weight loss period; after a 3-h acute weight recovery period. This three-component model was used to estimate body composition. Sleeping metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) were measured in an indirect calorimetry room over a 17-h period. After an overnight fast, a prescribed meal was provided and the DIT was measured over a 3-h period. This was followed by a three-step treadmill running protocol. RESULTS Weight loss produced a significant decrease in fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass, with recovery of body mass within 3 h (1.7±0.3 kg). Postprandial carbohydrate oxidation was significantly lower during the recovery period than at baseline, while fat oxidation was higher, although there was no change in the DIT. CONCLUSIONS RWL, followed by a short-term of acute weight recovery, produces an increase in fat oxidation and a decrease in carbohydrate oxidation, with the increase in fat oxidation being maintained through an overnight sleep period, as well as in the postprandial and exercise periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan - .,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan -
| | - Eiichi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan
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Energy Deficit Required for Rapid Weight Loss in Elite Collegiate Wrestlers. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050536. [PMID: 29701639 PMCID: PMC5986416 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine energy density for rapid weight loss (RWL) of weight-classified sports, eight male elite wrestlers were instructed to lose 6% of body mass (BM) within 53 h. Energy deficit during the RWL was calculated by subtracting total energy expenditure (TEE) determined using the doubly labeled water method (DLW) from energy intake (EI) assessed with diet records. It was also estimated from body composition change estimated with the four-component model (4C) and other conventional methods. BM decreased significantly by 4.7 ± 0.5 kg (6.4 ± 0.5%). Total body water loss was the major component of the BM loss (71.0 ± 7.6%). TEE was 9446 ± 1422 kcal, and EI was 2366 ± 1184 kcal during the RWL of 53-h; therefore, the energy deficit was 7080 ± 1525 kcal. Thus, energy density was 1507 ± 279 kcal/kg ∆BM during the RWL, comparable with values obtained using the 4C, three-component model, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and stable isotope dilution. Energy density for RWL of wrestlers is lower than that commonly used (7400 or 7700 kcal/kg ΔBM). Although RWL is not recommended, we propose that commonly practiced extreme energy restriction such as 7400 or 7700 kcal/kg ΔBM during RWL appears to be meaningless.
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