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Marek I, Hilgers KF, Rascher W, Woelfle J, Hartner A. A role for the alpha-8 integrin chain (itga8) in glomerular homeostasis of the kidney. Mol Cell Pediatr 2020; 7:13. [PMID: 33000355 PMCID: PMC7527396 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-020-00105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis results in a dysregulation of glomerular cells and may end up in chronic alterations and subsequent loss of renal function. Therefore, understanding mechanisms, which contribute to maintain glomerular integrity, is a pivotal prerequisite for therapeutic interventions. The alpha-8 integrin chain seems to be an important player to maintain glomerular homeostasis by conferring mechanical stability and functional support for the renal capillary tuft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Marek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Karl Friedrich Hilgers
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rascher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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miR-744 enhances type I interferon signaling pathway by targeting PTP1B in primary human renal mesangial cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12987. [PMID: 26259828 PMCID: PMC4531339 DOI: 10.1038/srep12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal mesangial cells (RMCs) constitute a population of cells in glomerular mesangium. Inflammatory cytokines produced by RMCs play a vital role in renal inflammation. miRNAs are key regulators of inflammatory cytokine expression. The abnormal expression of renal miRNAs and the consequent changes in inflammatory signal transduction are closely associated with renal inflammation. However, our knowledge of the functions of renal miRNAs is still limited. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-744 in type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway in primary human RMCs. We show that overexpression of miR-744 enhances IFN-induced CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, and IL6 expression specifically in RMCs. We found that the activation of TYK2, STAT1 and STAT3 was significantly enhanced by miR-744. miR-744 also enhanced the activation of non-classical signal components, such as ERK and p38. We then identified PTP1B, a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase, as the target of miR-744 that is responsible for enhancing type I IFN response. Finally, miR-744 expression was induced by type I IFN in RMCs. Collectively, our data indicate that by targeting PTP1B, miR-744 plays a feed-forward role in regulating type I IFN signaling pathway. These findings give us new insights into the functions of renal miRNAs in regulating important signaling pathways.
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Zheng N, Wang D, Ming H, Zhang H, Yu X. BAFF promotes proliferation of human mesangial cells through interaction with BAFF-R. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:72. [PMID: 25975951 PMCID: PMC4432501 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) is vital for B cell survival, proliferation and activation. Evidence indicates that BAFF is systemically or locally increased in glomerulonephritis (e.g. lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy). However, the effect of BAFF on human mesangial cells is not known. Methods The impact of BAFF on the proliferation of a human mesangial cell line in vitro was investigated. The expression of BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) and downstream signal transduction were explored. The influence of BAFF on the expression of related genes was also studied. Results Our data indicated that BAFF had a proliferative effect on human mesangial cells, as supported by the results of cell proliferation assays and the inhibited expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bim. BAFF-R was expressed on the cell membrane of human mesangial cells and blockade of BAFF/BAFF-R binding abrogated the proliferative effect of BAFF on human mesangial cells. BAFF stimulation led to rapid phosphorylation of NF-κBp65, Akt and MAPK p38 kinase in human mesangial cells, whereas it had no effect on the expression of NF-κB p100 and phosphorylation of Erk. The phosphorylation of Akt was very sensitive to blockade of BAFF/BAFF-R ligation, although activation of MAPK p38 and NF-κBp65 was not. BAFF treatment resulted in decreased expression of BAFF-R, which implied negative feedback regulation after its binding. Conclusions BAFF promoted proliferation of human mesangial cells, which was mediated via BAFF-R. The BAFF/BAFF-R interaction triggered Akt, p65 and p38 activation, with Akt phosphorylation being tightly dependent on BAFF/BAFF-R interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoyan Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Sat-yet University, Guangzhou, China. .,Translational Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Sat-yet University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Donxian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Sat-yet University, Guangzhou, China. .,Translational Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Sat-yet University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongyan Ming
- International Travel Health Care Center, Entry & Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Sat-yet University, Guangzhou, China. .,Translational Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Sat-yet University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Sat-yet University, Guangzhou, China.
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Khachigian LM, Chesterman CN. Platelet-derived Growth Factor and its Receptor: Structure and Roles in Normal Growth and Pathology. Platelets 2009; 4:304-15. [DOI: 10.3109/09537109309013233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fu Y, Xie C, Yan M, Li Q, Joh JW, Lu C, Mohan C. The lipopolysaccharide-triggered mesangial transcriptome: Evaluating the role of interferon regulatory factor-1. Kidney Int 2005; 67:1350-61. [PMID: 15780087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presently, we do not have a clear picture of how the mesangial transcriptome evolves following stimulation. The present study was designed to address this, using an innate trigger to stimulate murine mesangial cells. METHODS Three independent mesangial cell lines derived from C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mesangial cell transcriptomes were defined 1, 6, 24, and 60 hours poststimulation with LPS, using a 17,000 gene oligonucleotide array. RESULTS Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), ScyA2/MCP1, ScyA20/MIP3alpha (ScyB1/Gro1, and ScyB2/MIP2alpha/Gro2 were the earliest genes to be hyperexpressed after LPS stimulation. Later-appearing genes included ScyA7/MCP3, ScyD1/fractalkine, GM-CSF/CSF-2, PDGF, epiregulin, NfKb, C/EBP, TIMP-1, MMP11, MMP13, PTGS2/COX2, SpI2-1, Spp1, PAI-1, VCAM-1, C3, and defensin-beta1, among others. Several of these changes were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rapid IRF-1 hyperexpression was also noted following stimulation of mesangial cells with peptidoglycan, poly I:poly C, interferon-gamma?(IFN-gamma), and heat-aggregated IgG. However, the blocking of IRF-1 using RNA interference and the use of mesangial cells isolated from IRF-1-deficient mice could not substantiate an obligatory role for IRF-1 in LPS-induced mesangial cell activation. Likewise, IRF-1 deficiency did not impact the development of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM)-induced immune nephritis. CONCLUSION Innate stimuli such as LPS appear to trigger successive waves of mesangial cell gene expression. Although IRF-1 surfaces as an "early-on, early-off" transcription factor following several different triggers, it does not appear to be an essential molecule for mesangial cell activation by innate triggers or for anti-GBM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Fu
- Simmons Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Reilly CM, Farrelly LW, Viti D, Redmond ST, Hutchison F, Ruiz P, Manning P, Connor J, Gilkeson GS. Modulation of renal disease in MRL/lpr mice by pharmacologic inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Kidney Int 2002; 61:839-46. [PMID: 11849435 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRL-MPJFaslpr (MRL/lpr) mice spontaneously develop lupus-like disease characterized by immune complex glomerulonephritis and overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). Blocking NO production pharmacologically by a non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor ameliorated renal disease in MRL/lpr mice while genetically deficient inducible NOS (iNOS) mice developed proliferative glomerulonephritis similar to wild-type controls. METHODS To clarify the role of iNOS in the pathogenesis of nephritis in MRL/lpr mice, we treated mice with two different NOS inhibitors. Either NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA), a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, or l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine (L-NIL), an iNOS specific inhibitor, was administered in the drinking water from 10 through 22 weeks of age with disease progression monitored over time. Control mice received water alone. RESULTS Both L-NMMA and L-NIL blocked NO production effectively in MRL/lpr mice. As expected, neither L-NNMA nor L-NIL had an effect on antibody production, immune complex deposition or complement activation. Although both NOS inhibitors decreased protein excretion, L-NMMA was more effective than L-NIL. Pathologic renal disease was significantly decreased at 19 weeks in both treatment groups. At 22 weeks the L-NIL treated mice, but not the L-NMMA mice, had significantly reduced renal disease scores compared to controls. CONCLUSION These results indicate that specific inhibition of iNOS blocks the development of pathologic renal disease in MRL/lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Box 250623, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Kida T, Fujishima S, Matsumura M, Wang PC. Immortalization of rat kidney glomerular mesangial cell and its coculture with glomerular epithelial cell. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shang XZ, Issekutz AC. Enhancement of monocyte transendothelial migration by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: requirement for chemoattractant and CD11a/CD18 mechanisms. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:3571-82. [PMID: 10556811 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199911)29:11<3571::aid-immu3571>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances and primes monocyte functions, but its role in monocyte migration is poorly understood. We examined monocyte migration across human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) grown on filters. GM-CSF had no chemotactic or chemokinetic effect. However, GM-CSF enhanced monocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) through unstimulated and IL-1-activated (5 h) HUVEC in response to C5a or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a dose-dependent fashion, increasing the migration from 28.7 +/- 5.3% to 41.8 +/- 6.2% (n = 8, p < 0.05) and from 34.8 +/- 6% to 50.3 +/- 3.1%, p < 0.05), respectively. The enhanced TEM was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to LFA-1, but not by mAb to Mac-1 or to VLA-4. Furthermore, GM-CSF up-regulated and activated LFA-1, as assessed by NKI-L16 neoepitope expression. The results indicate that: (1) GM-CSF can prime monocytes for increased TEM, (2) GM-CSF enhances LFA-1-mediated monocyte TEM and (3) this effect is in part mediated by increasing LFA-1 expression and activation. Thus, increased GM-CSF production may promote monocyte accumulation in inflammation not only by inducing monocytosis, but also enhancing migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Razzaque MS, Cheng M, Taguchi T. Trapidil modifies mesangial cell proliferation and collagen accumulation in anti-thymocyte serum (ATS)-induced glomerulonephritis. J Comp Pathol 1996; 114:175-82. [PMID: 8920217 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9975(96)80006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess whether the glomerular mesangial-cell proliferation and the increased extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation that occur in anti-thymocyte serum (ATS)-induced glomerulonephritis (GN) are affected by Trapidil, a potent antagonist for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. In group I, GN was induced by injecting a single dose of ATS. In group II, rats were given a single dose of ATS followed by daily treatment with Trapidil. In group III, the rats (controls) were treated with a single dose of phosphate buffered saline. All the rats were killed on the 10th day of the experiment. ATS induced marked mesangial cell proliferation (P < 0.01) in group I rats and Trapidil treatment (group II) significantly suppressed such proliferation (P < 0.01). Increased type III and IV collagen immunolabelling was observed in the expanded mesangial matrix in group I rats. In group II, immunolabelling for type III and IV collagen was much less than in group I. The study suggests that Trapidil therapy is effective in suppressing both mesangial cell proliferation and mesangial matrix expansion by reducing collagen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Razzaque
- Second Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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Razzaque MS, Cheng M, Taguchi T. Suppression of mesangial-cell proliferation by trapidil in glomerulonephritis induced by anti-thymocyte serum in rats. J Int Med Res 1995; 23:458-66. [PMID: 8746613 DOI: 10.1177/030006059502300607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trapadil (Mochida Pharmaceuticals, Japan), an antiplatelet drug, suppresses the growth of several cell types and is thought to antagonize platelet-derived growth factor. The effects of trapidil on mesangial-cell proliferation in glomerulonephritis induced by anti-thymocyte serum in Wistar rats were investigated. Control rats were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (group I); group II rats were injected with a single dose of anti-thymocyte serum (8 ml/kg body weight), and group III rats were treated with both a single dose of anti-thymocyte serum (8 ml/kg body weight) and with trapidil (5 mg/kg body weight/day). Three rats in each group were killed on day 3, and the other three on day 10. Control rats showed no significant histological changes on day 3 or day 10. In group II, on day 3, there was a marked decrease in glomerular cell numbers, with mesangiolysis. Histologically severe mesangial-cell proliferation with expansion of mesangial areas was noted on day 10. None of the rats in group III showed mesangial alterations, histologically, indicating that mesangial-cell proliferation was suppressed by trapidil. This suppression may result from antagonism of the binding of platelet-derived growth factor to the specific surface receptors in the mesangial cells. Trapidil may have clinical value in the treatment of mesangial-cell proliferative glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Razzaque
- Second Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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Heidenreich S, Tepel M, Schlüter H, Harrach B, Zidek W. Regulation of rat mesangial cell growth by diadenosine phosphates. J Clin Invest 1995; 95:2862-7. [PMID: 7769127 PMCID: PMC295973 DOI: 10.1172/jci117992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly recognized human endogenous vasoconstrictive dinucleotides, diadenosine pentaphosphate (AP5A) and diadenosine hexaphosphate (AP6A), were tested for growth stimulatory effects in rat mesangial cells (MC). Both AP5A and AP6A stimulated growth in micromolar concentrations. The growth stimulatory effect exceeded that of ATP, alpha,beta-methylene ATP, adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate and UTP. Both diadenosine phosphates potentiated the growth response to platelet-derived growth factor, but not to insulin-like growth factor-1. To further elucidate the site of action in the cell cycle, RNA and protein synthesis were assessed. AP5 and AP6A stimulated protein synthesis, but not RNA formation. Furthermore, both agents increased cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration. It is concluded that AP5A and AP6A may play a regulatory role in MC growth as progression factors and possibly modify MC proliferation in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heidenreich
- Med. Univ.-Poliklinik, Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung, University of Münster, Germany
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van den Dobbelsteen ME, van der Woude FJ, Schroeijers WE, van den Wall Bake AW, van Es LA, Daha MR. Binding of dimeric and polymeric IgA to rat renal mesangial cells enhances the release of interleukin 6. Kidney Int 1994; 46:512-9. [PMID: 7967365 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1994.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mesangium plays a crucial role in processes of inflammation in the kidney. Since deposits of IgA in the mesangium in patients with IgA nephropathy suggest a role for IgA in the inflammatory process, we investigated whether IgA is able to bind to cultured rat mesangial cells (MC) in vitro and induce activation of MC. As a source of IgA, monomeric (mIgA), dimeric (dIgA) and polymeric IgA-alpha-DNP (pIgA) rat monoclonal antibodies were used. FACS analysis indicated binding of dIgA and pIgA to MC while only a small percentage of the cells exhibited binding of mIgA. Additional experiments employing radiolabeled IgA revealed a time- and dose-dependent binding of 125I-dIgA and 125I-pIgA with 6 x 10(6) binding sites for dIgA with an affinity of 5.5 x 10(6) M-1 and 7.2 X 10(6) binding sites/cell for pIgA with an affinity of 1.2 x 10(6) M-1. As compared to 125I-dIgA and 125I-pIgA, little binding of 125I-mIgA to MC occurred; the binding of dIgA and pIgA was not influenced by excess cold BSA, IgG or asialofetuin. Since some studies have suggested that fibronectin might interact with IgA, the binding of IgA to MC in the presence or absence of fibronectin or the RGD fragment was also analyzed. However no influence of fibronectin or the RGD fragment on binding of dIgA and pIgA to MC was observed. As a measure for activation of MC by IgA, the production of IL-6 by MC was analyzed. Dimeric IgA and pIgA both induced a dose-dependent increase of IL-6 production by MC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Sacks S, Zhou W, Campbell RD, Martin J. C3 and C4 gene expression and interferon-gamma-mediated regulation in human glomerular mesangial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1993; 93:411-7. [PMID: 8370168 PMCID: PMC1554924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb08193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) plays a key role in the maintenance of glomerular structure and function and in the mediation of glomerular injury. To explore the potential of this cell to produce complement and react to local inflammatory signals, we studied the synthesis and regulation of the third and fourth components of complement in cultured human GMC. Using metabolic labelling and immunoprecipitation, we found that C3 and C4 polypeptide chains were synthesized and secreted by GMC. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) led to an increase in C4 protein synthesis, but not C3 synthesis. There was a corresponding increase in C4 mRNA in IFN-gamma-activated cells, but no increase in C3 mRNA, as determined by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) estimation. These results demonstrate that human GMC can synthesize C3 and C4 proteins, and that regulation of expression of the C4 gene is mediated by IFN-gamma. We hypothesize that GMC production of complement could influence the clearance of immune aggregates by the kidney and the mediation of glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sacks
- United Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Suranyi MG, Guasch A, Hall BM, Myers BD. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the nephrotic syndrome in humans. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 21:251-9. [PMID: 8447300 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the possible role of cytokines in the mediation of glomerular injury in the nephrotic syndrome, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome. These patients had minimal change nephropathy (MCN), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), or membranous nephropathy (MN) on biopsy. Cytokine levels were assessed by immunoradiometric assays, and specimens consisted of plasma, urine, and the culture supernate of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Only TNF-alpha was found to be significantly elevated, in the plasma and urine of patients with FSGS and MN, above that found in healthy control subjects and patients with MCN. The elevation of TNF-alpha could not be shown to correlate with the length or severity of the nephrotic syndrome or with loss of body mass. IL-1 beta, IL-2, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma levels were not elevated. In culture, mitogen-stimulated PBMC from all three groups of nephrotic subjects released an excess of TNF-alpha compared with controls, a response not consistently observed for the other cytokines measured. The findings of this survey of cytokine levels in nephrotic patients support the possibility that TNF-alpha may play a pathogenic role in the induction or maintenance of glomerular barrier dysfunction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Suranyi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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Brady HR, Denton MD, Jimenez W, Takata S, Palliser D, Brenner BM. Chemoattractants provoke monocyte adhesion to human mesangial cells and mesangial cell injury. Kidney Int 1992; 42:480-7. [PMID: 1328754 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1992.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Infiltration of glomerular mesangium by monocytes/macrophages is a prominent pathologic finding in many forms of glomerulonephritis (GN). While the mechanism(s) by which infiltration occurs is incompletely understood, monocyte adhesion to glomerular endothelial cells, provoked by inflammatory mediators, appears to be an important early step. In the present study, we assessed the influence of chemotactic peptides (C5a) and lipids (LTB4 and PAF) on adhesion of human monocytes and mesangial cells, to determine if mesangial cells (glomerular pericytes with smooth muscle properties) represent potential targets for adhesion of chemoattractant-activated monocytes following their diapedesis from the intravascular space. C5a and LTB4 provoked rapid (onset less than 1 min) monocyte-mesangial cell adhesion at nanomolar concentrations via actions with monocytes, while PAF was less potent in this regard. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were used to define the monocyte and mesangial cell adhesion molecules involved in these interactions. C5a- and LTB4-induced monocyte adhesion was inhibited (approximately 54%) by mAb against the common beta CD18 subunit of CD11/CD18 leukocyte integrins, while mAb against monocyte L-selectin was without effect. MAb against unique CD11 subunits were used to determine the relative contributions of different CD11/CD18 integrins. In this regard, adhesion was inhibited by mAb against CD11b (approximately 41%), and CD11c (approximately 23%), but not CD11a. MAb against mesangial cell ICAM-1 afforded approximately 27% reduction in adhesion, while mAb against VCAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin were without effect. GM-CSF, a cytokine generated by monocytes and mesangial cells, also provoked CD11/CD18-dependent adhesion, and primed monocytes to the actions of chemoattractants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Brady
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Toback
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois
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