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Feng Z, Wang T, Sun Y, Chen S, Hao H, Du W, Zou H, Yu D, Zhu H, Pang Y. Sulforaphane suppresses paraquat-induced oxidative damage in bovine in vitro-matured oocytes through Nrf2 transduction pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114747. [PMID: 36907095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a bioactive phytocompound extracted from cruciferous plants, has received increasing attention due to its vital cytoprotective role in eliminating oxidative free radical through activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)-mediated signal transduction pathway. This study aims at a better insight into the protective benefit of SFN in attenuating paraquat (PQ)-caused impairment in bovine in vitro-matured oocytes and the possible mechanisms involved therein. Results showed that addition of 1 μM SFN during oocyte maturation obtained higher proportions of matured oocytes and in vitro-fertilized embryos. SFN application attenuated the toxicological effects of PQ on bovine oocytes, as manifested by enhanced extending capability of cumulus cell and increased extrusion proportion of first polar body. Following incubation with SFN, oocytes exposed to PQ exhibited reduced intracellular ROS and lipid accumulation levels, and elevated T-SOD and GSH contents. SFN also effectively inhibited PQ-mediated increase in BAX and CASPASE-3 protein expressions. Besides, SFN promoted the transcription of NRF2 and its downstream antioxidative-related genes GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, NQO-1, and TXN1 in a PQ-exposed environment, indicating that SFN prevents PQ-caused cytotoxicity through activation of Nrf2 signal transduction pathway. The mechanisms underlying the role of SFN against PQ-induced injury included the inhibition of TXNIP protein and restoration of the global O-GlcNAc level. Collectively, these findings provide novel evidence for the protective role of SFN in alleviating PQ-caused injury, and suggest that SFN application may be an efficacious intervention strategy against PQ cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Feng
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Siying Chen
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haisheng Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weihua Du
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiying Zou
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunwei Pang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Charão MF, Goethel G, Brucker N, Paese K, Eifler-Lima VL, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Garcia SC. Melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules protect against lipid peroxidation caused by paraquat through increased SOD expression in Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:80. [PMID: 31852511 PMCID: PMC6921496 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin has been described in the literature as a potent antioxidant. However, melatonin presents variable, low bioavailability and a short half-life. The use of polymeric nanoparticulated systems has been proposed for controlled release. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the action of melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (Mel-LNC) in the antioxidant system of Caenorhabditis elegans, and the possible protective effect of this formulation against lipid peroxidation caused by paraquat (PQ). METHODS The suspensions were prepared by interfacial deposition of the polymer and were physiochemically characterized. C. elegans N2 wild type and transgenic worm CF1553, muls84 [sod-3p::gfp; rol6(su1006)] were obtained from the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC). The worms were divided into 5 groups: Control, PQ 0.5 mM, PQ 0.5 mM + Mel-LNC 10 μg/mL, PQ + unloaded lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC), and PQ + free melatonin (Mel) 10 μg/mL. The lipid peroxidation was assessed through thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) levels and the fluorescence levels of the transgenic worms expressing GFP were measured. RESULTS The LNC and Mel-LNC presented a bluish-white liquid, with pH values of 5.56 and 5.69, respectively. The zeta potential was - 6.4 ± 0.6 and - 5.2 ± 0.2, respectively. The mean particle diameter was 205 ± 4 nm and 203 ± 3 nm, respectively. The total melatonin content was 0.967 mg/ml. The TBARS levels were significantly higher in the PQ group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Mel-LNC reduced TBARS levels to similar levels found in the control group. Moreover, only Mel-LNC significantly enhanced the SOD-3 expression (p < 0.05). Mel-LNC was capable of protecting C. elegans from lipid peroxidation caused by PQ and this was not observed when free melatonin was used. Moreover, Mel-LNC increased the fluorescence intensity of the transgenic strain that encodes the antioxidant enzyme SOD-3, demonstrating a possible mechanism of protection from PQ-induced damage. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that melatonin, when associated with nanocapsules, had improved antioxidant properties and the protective activity against PQ-induced lipid peroxidation could be associated with the activation of antioxidant enzymes by Mel-LNC in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele F Charão
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Goethel
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Paese
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera L Eifler-Lima
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange C Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Raza Z, Naureen Z. Melatonin ameliorates the drug induced nephrotoxicity: Molecular insights. Nefrologia 2019; 40:12-25. [PMID: 31735377 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a frequent adverse event that can lead to acute or chronic kidney disease and increase the healthcare expenditure. It has high morbidity and mortality incidence in 40-70% of renal injuries and accounts for 66% cases of renal failure in elderly population. OBJECTIVE Amelioration of drug-induced nephrotoxicity has been long soughed to improve the effectiveness of therapeutic drugs. This study was conducted to review the melatonin potential to prevent the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity induced by important nephrotoxic drugs. METHODS We analyzed the relevant studies indexed in Pubmed, Medline, Scielo and Web of science to explain the molecular improvements following melatonin co-administration with special attention to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis as key players of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. RESULTS A robust consensus among researchers of these studies suggested that melatonin efficiently eradicate the chain reaction of free radical production and induced the endogenous antioxidant enzymes which attenuate the lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes and subcellular oxidative stress in drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This agreement was further supported by the melatonin role in disintegration of inflammatory process through inhibition of principle pro-inflammatory or apoptotic cytokines such as TNF-α and NF-κB. These studies highlighted that alleviation of drug-induced renal toxicity is a function of melatonin potential to down regulate the cellular inflammatory and oxidative injury process and to stimulate the cellular repair or defensive mechanisms. CONCLUSION The comprehensive nephroprotection and safer profile suggests the melatonin to be a useful adjunct to improve the safety of nephrotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Raza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab Naureen
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Hosseinzadeh A, Javad-Moosavi SA, Reiter RJ, Hemati K, Ghaznavi H, Mehrzadi S. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) signaling pathways and protective roles of melatonin. Life Sci 2018; 201:17-29. [PMID: 29567077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the progressive loss of lung function due to tissue scarring. A variety of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic factors including interleukin‑17A, transforming growth factor β, Wnt/β‑catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, endotelin‑1, renin angiotensin system and impaired caveolin‑1 function are involved in the IPF pathogenesis. Current therapies for IPF have some limitations and this highlights the need for effective therapeutic agents to treat this fatal disease. Melatonin and its metabolites are broad-spectrum antioxidants that not only remove reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by radical scavenging but also up-regulate the expression and activity of endogenous antioxidants. Via these actions, melatonin and its metabolites modulate a variety of molecular pathways in different pathophysiological conditions. Herein, we review the signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IPF and the potentially protective effects of melatonin on these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Asghari MH, Moloudizargari M, Bahadar H, Abdollahi M. A review of the protective effect of melatonin in pesticide-induced toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:545-554. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1214712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Moloudizargari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Haji Bahadar
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibition provides protection against lung injury in a rat paraquat toxicity model. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:155-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Uğuz S, Demirer Z, Uysal B, Alp BF, Malkoc E, Guragac A, Turker T, Ateş F, Karademir K, Ozcan A, Yildirim I, Korkmaz A, Guven A. Medical ozone therapy reduces shock wave therapy-induced renal injury. Ren Fail 2016; 38:974-81. [PMID: 27099130 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1172941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) lithotripsy is the preferred treatment modality for uncomplicated kidney stones. More recently free oxygen radical production following ESW application has been considered to be crucial in shock wave-induced renal damage. It has been shown that ozone therapy (OT) has ameliorative and preventive effects against various pathological conditions due to increased nitro-oxidative stress. In current study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of OT against ESW-induced renal injury. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated, ESW, and ESW + OT groups. All groups except sham-operated group were subjected to ESW procedure. ESW + OT group received 1 mg/kg/day of oxygen/ozone mixture intraperitoneally at 2 h before ESW, and OT was continued once a day for consecutive three days. The animals were killed at the 4th day, and kidney tissue and blood samples were harvested for biochemical and histopathologic analysis. RESULTS Serum ALT and AST levels, serum neopterin, tissue nitrite/nitrate levels, and tissue oxidative stress parameters were increased in the ESW group and almost came close to control values in the treatment group (p < 0.05, ESW vs. ESW + OT). Histopathological injury scores were significantly lower in treatment group than the ESW group (p < 0.05, ESW vs. ESW + OT). Immunohistochemical iNOS staining scores in ESW group were higher than those of sham-operated group (p < 0.05, ESW vs. sham-operated), iNOS staining scores in OT group were significantly lower than the ESW group (p < 0.05, ESW + OT vs. ESW). CONCLUSION OT ameliorates nitro-oxidative stress and reduces the severity of pathological changes in the experimental ESW-induced renal injury of rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Uğuz
- a Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Zafer Demirer
- a Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Bulent Uysal
- b Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Bilal Firat Alp
- a Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ercan Malkoc
- c Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Haydarpasa , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ali Guragac
- a Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Turker Turker
- d Department of Epidemiology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ateş
- c Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Haydarpasa , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Kenan Karademir
- c Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Haydarpasa , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ayhan Ozcan
- e Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yildirim
- a Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Korkmaz
- b Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Guven
- f Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey
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Khalighi Z, Rahmani A, Cheraghi J, Ahmadi MRH, Soleimannejad K, Asadollahi R, Asadollahi K. Perfluorocarbon attenuates inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and histopathologic changes in paraquat-induced acute lung injury in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 42:9-15. [PMID: 26766533 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of perfluorocarbon (PFC) on paraquat (PQ) induced acute lung injury (ALI) was evaluated among rats. Twenty four Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control group injected by saline physiologic 0.9%, PFC group injected by Perfluorocarbon, PQ group injected by PQ and PQ+PFC group injected by PFC one hour after receiving paraquat. Bronchoalveular fluid content, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative and histopathologic changes were measured after 72 h. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the PQ group were increased compared to either control or PFC groups, but their levels decreased in PQ+PFC group significantly (p<0.05). Also, histopathologic evaluation revealed an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HP) in the PQ group but a decrease in PQ+PFC group significantly (p<0.01). PFC emulsion by its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-fibrotic properties can reduce the inflammatory and fibrotic alterations, pulmonary oedema, and pulmonary histopathologic changes created by PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khalighi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Asghar Rahmani
- Student Researches Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Javad Cheraghi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Koroush Soleimannejad
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ruhangiz Asadollahi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Khairollah Asadollahi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Impairment of striatal mitochondrial function by acute paraquat poisoning. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:395-408. [PMID: 26350412 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for survival. Their primary function is to support aerobic respiration and to provide energy for intracellular metabolic pathways. Paraquat is a redox cycling agent capable of generating reactive oxygen species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in cortical and striatal mitochondrial function in an experimental model of acute paraquat toxicity and to compare if the brain areas and the molecular mechanisms involved were similar to those observed after chronic exposure. Sprague-Dawley rats received paraquat (25 mg/Kg i.p.) or saline and were sacrificed after 24 h. Paraquat treatment decreased complex I and IV activity by 37 and 21 % respectively in striatal mitochondria. Paraquat inhibited striatal state 4 and state 3 KCN-sensitive respiration by 80 % and 62 % respectively, indicating a direct effect on respiratory chain. An increase of 2.2 fold in state 4 and 2.3 fold in state 3 in KCN-insensitive respiration was observed in striatal mitochondria from paraquat animals, suggesting that paraquat redox cycling also consumed oxygen. Paraquat treatment increased hydrogen peroxide production (150 %), TBARS production (42 %) and cardiolipin oxidation/depletion (12 %) in striatal mitochondria. Also, changes in mitochondrial polarization was induced after paraquat treatment. However, no changes were observed in any of these parameters in cortical mitochondria from paraquat treated-animals. These results suggest that paraquat treatment induced a clear striatal mitochondrial dysfunction due to both paraquat redox cycling reactions and impairment of the mitochondrial electron transport, causing oxidative damage. As a consequence, mitochondrial dysfunction could probably lead to alterations in cellular bioenergetics.
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Charão MF, Souto C, Brucker N, Barth A, Jornada DS, Fagundez D, Ávila DS, Eifler-Lima VL, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Garcia SC. Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative in vivo model to determine oral uptake, nanotoxicity, and efficacy of melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules on paraquat damage. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5093-106. [PMID: 26300641 PMCID: PMC4536844 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s84909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is an alternative in vivo model that is being successfully used to assess the pharmacological and toxic effects of drugs. The exponential growth of nanotechnology requires the use of alternative in vivo models to assess the toxic effects of theses nanomaterials. The use of polymeric nanocapsules has shown promising results for drug delivery. Moreover, these formulations have not been used in cases of intoxication, such as in treatment of paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Thus, the use of drugs with properties improved by nanotechnology is a promising approach to overcome the toxic effects of PQ. This research aimed to evaluate the absorption of rhodamine B-labeled melatonin (Mel)-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) by C. elegans, the application of this model in nanotoxicology, and the protection of Mel-LNC against PQ damage. The formulations were prepared by self-assembly and characterized by particle sizing, zeta potential, drug content, and encapsulation efficiency. The results demonstrated that the formulations had narrow size distributions. Rhodamine B-labeled Mel-LNC were orally absorbed and distributed in the worms. The toxicity assessment of LNC showed a lethal dose 50% near the highest dose tested, indicating low toxicity of the nanocapsules. Moreover, pretreatment with Mel-LNC significantly increased the survival rate, reduced the reactive oxygen species, and maintained the development in C. elegans exposed to PQ compared to those worms that were either untreated or pretreated with free Mel. These results demonstrated for the first time the uptake and distribution of Mel-LNC by a nematode, and indicate that while LNC is not toxic, Mel-LNC prevents the effects of PQ poisoning. Thus, C. elegans may be an interesting alternative model to test the nanocapsules toxicity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Souto
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Barth
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise S Jornada
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Department of Production and Control of Drugs, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiandra Fagundez
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE), Federal University of Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE), Federal University of Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera L Eifler-Lima
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Laboratory of Medical Synthesis Organic (LaSOM), Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Department of Production and Control of Drugs, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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11
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Charão MF, Baierle M, Gauer B, Goethel G, Fracasso R, Paese K, Brucker N, Moro AM, Bubols GB, Dias BB, Matte US, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Garcia SC. Protective effects of melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules on paraquat-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a pulmonary cell line. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 784-785:1-9. [PMID: 26046970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many acute poisonings lack effective and specific antidotes. Due to both intentional and accidental exposures, paraquat (PQ) causes thousands of deaths annually, especially by pulmonary fibrosis. Melatonin (Mel), when incorporated into lipid-core nanocapsules (Mel-LNC), has enhanced antioxidant properties. The effects of such a formulation have not yet been studied with respect to mitigation of PQ- induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Here, we have tested whether Mel-LNC can ameliorate PQ-induced toxicity in the A549 alveolar epithelial cell line. Physicochemical characterization of the formulations was performed. Cellular uptake was measured using nanocapsules marked with rhodamine B. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay and DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay. The enzyme-modified comet assay with endonuclease III (Endo III) and formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (FPG) were used to investigate oxidative DNA damage. Incubation with culture medium for 24h did not alter the granulometric profile of Mel-LNC formulations. Following treatment (3 and 24h), red fluorescence was detected around the cell nucleus, indicating internalization of the formulation. Melatonin solution (Mel), Mel-LNC, and LNC did not have significant effects on cell viability or DNA damage. Pre-treatment with Mel-LNC enhanced cell viability and showed a remarkable reduction in % DNA in tail compared to the PQ group; this was not observed in cells pre-treated with Mel. PQ induces oxidative DNA damage detected with the enzyme-modified comet assay. Mel-LNC reduced this damage more effectively than did Mel. In summary, Mel-LNC is better than Mel at protecting A549 cells from the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele F Charão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Marília Baierle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Goethel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fracasso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Karina Paese
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Departamento de Produção e Controle de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Angela M Moro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B Bubols
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna B Dias
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Ursula S Matte
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Departamento de Produção e Controle de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Solange C Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grandedo Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.
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12
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Navarro-Alarcón M, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Blanca-Herrera RM, A-Serrano MM, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Fernández-Vázquez G, Agil A. Melatonin and metabolic regulation: a review. Food Funct 2014; 5:2806-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Lalruatfel P, Saminathan M, Ingole R, Dhama K, Joshi M. Toxicopathology of Paraquat Herbicide in Female Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2014.523.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Kaldirim U, Uysal B, Yuksel R, Macit E, Eyi YE, Toygar M, Tuncer SK, Ardic S, Arziman I, Aydin I, Oztas Y, Karslioglu Y, Topal T. Ozone therapy ameliorates paraquat-induced lung injury in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1699-704. [PMID: 25030482 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214543060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) overdose can cause acute lung injury and death. Ozone therapy (OT) was previously demonstrated to alleviate inflammation and necrosis in various pathologies. We therefore hypothesized that OT has ameliorative and preventive effects on PQ-induced lung damage due to anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were separated into three groups: sham, PQ, and PQ+OT groups. 15 mg/kg PQ was administered intraperitoneally in PQ and PQ+OT groups to induce experimental lung injury. One hour after PQ treatment, PQ+OT group was administered a single dose of ozone-oxygen mixture (1 mg/kg/day) by intraperitoneal route for four consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed on fifth day after PQ administration. Blood samples and lung tissues were collected to evaluate the inflammatory processes, antioxidant defense and pulmonary damage. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neopterin levels, tissue oxidative stress parameters, total TGF-β1 levels, and histological injury scores in PQ+OT group were significantly lower than PQ group (P<0.05, PQ vs. PQ+OT). Total antioxidant capacity in PQ+OT group was significantly higher than PQ group (P < 0.05, PQ+OT vs. PQ). These findings suggest that outcome in PQ-induced lung injury may be improved by using OT as an adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Kaldirim
- Department of Emergency Medicine Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Uysal
- Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Yuksel
- Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Enis Macit
- Department of Toxicolgy, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf E Eyi
- Department of Emergency Medicine Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Toygar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim K Tuncer
- Department of Emergency Medicine Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sukru Ardic
- Department of Emergency Medicine Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Arziman
- Department of Emergency Medicine Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry, Sarikamis Military Hospital, Sarikamis, 36500 Kars, Turkey
| | - Yesim Oztas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yildirim Karslioglu
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgut Topal
- Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Toygar M, Aydin I, Agilli M, Aydin FN, Oztosun M, Gul H, Macit E, Karslioglu Y, Topal T, Uysal B, Honca M. The relation between oxidative stress, inflammation, and neopterin in the paraquat-induced lung toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:198-204. [PMID: 24818613 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114533808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a well-known quaternary nitrogen herbicide. The major target organ in PQ poisoning is the lung. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation play a crucial role in the development of PQ-induced pulmonary injury. Neopterin is synthesized in macrophage by interferon γ and other cytokines. We aimed to evaluate the utility of neopterin as a diagnostic marker in PQ-induced lung toxicity. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (sham and PQ), administered intraperitoneally 1 mL saline and PQ (15 mg/kg/mL) respectively. Blood samples and lungs were collected for analyses. Lung injury and fibrosis were seen in the PQ group. Serum total antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lung transforming growth factor-1β (TGF-1β) levels were significantly higher than the sham group (in all, p < 0.001). In addition, in the PQ group, serum neopterin and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly higher than the sham group (in all, p = 0.001). Serum neopterin levels were correlated with LDH activities, lung MDA, lung TGF-1β levels, and the degree of lung injury. These findings demonstrated that oxidative stress, reduction of antioxidant capacity, and inflammation play a crucial role in the PQ-induced lung injury. Elevated serum neopterin levels may be a prognostic parameter to determine extends of PQ-induced lung toxicity. Further studies may be performed to clarify the role of neopterin by different doses of PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toygar
- Department of ForensicMedicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy and Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I Aydin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Agilli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F N Aydin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Oztosun
- Turkish Armed Forces, Health Services Command, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Gul
- Department of Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Macit
- Department of Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y Karslioglu
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Topal
- Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Uysal
- Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Honca
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Anti-inflammatory effect of thalidomide in paraquat-induced pulmonary injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:210-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Aires RD, Capettini LSA, Silva JF, Rodrigues-Machado MDG, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Cortes SF, Lemos VS. Paraquat poisoning induces TNF-α-dependent iNOS/NO mediated hyporesponsiveness of the aorta to vasoconstrictors in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73562. [PMID: 24039983 PMCID: PMC3767802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraquat is a toxic herbicide that may induce acute lung injury, circulatory failure and death. The present work aimed at investigating whether there is systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction after paraquat exposure and whether these parameters were related. There was neutrophilia and accumulation of neutrophils in lung and bronchoalveolar lavage of animals given paraquat. This was associated with an increase in serum levels of TNF-α. In rats given paraquat, the relaxant response of aortic rings to acetylcholine was not modified but the contractile response to phenylephrine was greatly reduced. Endothelium removal or treatment with non-selective (L-NAME) or selective (L-NIL) inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) restored contraction of aortas. There was greater production of nitric oxide (NO), which was restored to basal level by L-NIL, and greater expression of iNOS in endothelial cells, as seen by Western blot analyses and confocal microscopy. Blockade of TNF-α reduced pulmonary and systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Together, our results clearly show that paraquat causes pulmonary and systemic inflammation, and vascular dysfunction in rats. Vascular dysfunction is TNF-α dependent, associated with enhanced expression of iNOS in aortic endothelial cells and greater NO production, which accounts for the decreased responsiveness of aortas to vasoconstrictors. Blockers of TNF-α may be useful in patients with paraquat poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosária D. Aires
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano S. A. Capettini
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Josiane F. Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Steyner F. Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virginia S. Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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18
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Gene regulation by melatonin linked to epigenetic phenomena. Gene 2012; 503:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Santos RS, Silva PL, Oliveira GP, Cruz FF, Ornellas DS, Morales MM, Fernandes J, Lanzetti M, Valença SS, Pelosi P, Gattass CR, Rocco PR. Effects of oleanolic acid on pulmonary morphofunctional and biochemical variables in experimental acute lung injury. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 179:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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20
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Zhi Q, Sun H, Qian X, Yang L. Edaravone, a novel antidote against lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat? Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Abstract
Although the human genome has remained unchanged over the last 10,000 years, our lifestyle has become progressively more divergent from those of our ancient ancestors. This maladaptive change became apparent with the Industrial Revolution and has been accelerating in recent decades. Socially, we are people of the 21st century, but genetically we remain similar to our early ancestors. In conjunction with this discordance between our ancient, genetically-determined biology and the nutritional, cultural and activity patterns in contemporary Western populations, many diseases have emerged. Only a century ago infectious disease was a major cause of mortality, whereas today non-infectious chronic diseases are the greatest cause of death in the world. Epidemics of metabolic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and certain cancers) have become major contributors to the burden of poor health and they are presently emerging or accelerating, in most developing countries. One major lifestyle consequence is light at night and subsequent disrupted circadian rhythms commonly referred to as circadian disruption or chronodisruption. Mounting evidence reveals that particularly melatonin rhythmicity has crucial roles in a variety of metabolic functions as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory chronobiotic and possibly as an epigenetic regulator. This paper provides a brief outline about metabolic dysregulation in conjunction with a disrupted melatonin rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Korkmaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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