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Optimization of Aqueous Extraction Conditions of Inulin from the Arctium lappa L. Roots Using Ultrasonic Irradiation Frequency. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5520996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction is a promising technique to obtain active compounds from plants with high efficiency. The present study was conducted in two sections. In the first phase, the effect of solvent type (methanol, ethanol, water, and water-ethanol (50 : 50, v/v)) on inulin extraction yield from burdock roots (Arctium lappa L.) was investigated by the conventional method. The second phase aim was to optimize the condition of inulin and phenolic compounds including sonication time (10–40 min), sonication temperature (40–70°C), and solid/solvent ratio (1 : 20–1:40 g/ml) using response surface methodology (RSM). The results demonstrated that the highest inulin efficiency was extracted by water in the conventional method, which is equal to 10.32%. The optimum conditions of ultrasound-assisted water extraction for independent variables including sonication time and temperature as well as solid/water ratio were 36.65 min, 55.48°C, and 1 : 35 g/ml, respectively, which were determined on the maximization of inulin and total phenol content and minimization of IC50. At this optimum condition, inulin yield, phenolic compounds, and IC50 were found to be 12.46%, 18.85 mg GA/g DW, and 549.85 µg/ml, respectively. Regarding the results of this research, ultrasound-assisted extraction can be used as an alternative to the conventional extraction methods in extracting bioactive compounds from medicinal plants because it may improve the mass transfer, reducing the extraction time and the solvent used.
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Yang Y, Gao H, Liu W, Liu X, Jiang X, Li X, Wu Q, Xu Z, Zhao Q. Arctium lappa L. roots ameliorates cerebral ischemia through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and suppressing AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153526. [PMID: 33691269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arctium lappa L. roots are very popular cultivated vegetables, which possesses various pharmacological activities. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Arctium lappa L. roots exerted protective effects against H2O2, glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced neuronal injury in vitro. However, whether Arctium lappa L. roots could prevent against cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of ethyl acetate extract of Arctium lappa L. roots (EAL) and the active ingredient 4,5-O-dicaffeoyl-1-O-[4-malic acid methyl ester]-quinic acid (DCMQA) in EAL against cerebral ischemia and explore the underlying mechanism. STUDY DESIGN The neuroprotective effects of EAL and DCMQA were investigated in rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and in oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells, respectively. METHODS The infarct volume, brain edema and neurological deficits were measured following MCAO. TUNEL and Nissl staining were performed to detect neuronal loss and apoptosis of neurons in rat brains. Cell survival was measured by MTT and LDH assay. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels were determined by DCFH-DA and JC-1 fluorescent probe, respectively. Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining were performed to evaluate neuronal apoptosis. The expression levels of proteins were evaluated by western blot. RESULTS EAL reduced brain infarct volume, ameliorated brain edema and improved neurological deficits in MCAO rats. In addition, EAL inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory responses following MCAO. Besides, active compound DCMQA alleviated cytotoxicity as well as inhibited over-production of intracellular ROS and loss of MMP induced by OGD/R in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, EAL and DCMQA inhibited apoptosis by decreasing the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins including bax, cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3 while promoting the bcl-2 expression in MCAO rats and OGD/R-stimulated neurons, respectively. In addition, DCMQA suppressed the production of autophagosomes and down-regulated expression of Beclin 1 and LC3. Furthermore, inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway contributed to DCMQA-mediated suppression of autophagy induced by OGD/R. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that Arctium lappa L. roots protect against cerebral ischemia through inhibiting apoptosis and AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in vitro and in vivo, providing a theoretical basis for the development of CQAs in Arctium lappa L. roots as neuroprotective drugs for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Huan Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zihua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Wu X, Zhang N, Kan J, Tang S, Sun R, Wang Z, Chen M, Liu J, Jin C. Polyphenols from Arctium lappa L ameliorate doxorubicin-induced heart failure and improve gut microbiota composition in mice. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13731. [PMID: 33864278 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ameliorative effect of purified polyphenols from Arctium lappa L (ALPP) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induce heart failure was investigated. Results indicated that ALPP pretreatment significantly reduced the activities of casein kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, lowered the levels of inflammatory indexes (TNF-α and NO), and alleviated antioxidant stress in DOX-induce mice, thus leading to a reduced heart failure syndrome. In addition, according to 16s high-throughput sequencing, the increased abundance of Lactobacillaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Ruminococcaceae and the decreased abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaee, and Escherichia_Shigella were observed in ALPP treatment group. ALPP could significantly enhance the abundance of bacteria producing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and then promote the increase of SCFAs. Consequently, ALPP might be a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of DOX-induced heart failure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The effect of Arctium lappa L (ALPP) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced heart failure was investigated. It provided experimental basis for further studies on the biological activity of polyphenols from ALPP. The results demonstrated that ALPP could significantly ameliorate DOX-induced heart failure and improve the gut microbiota composition. The obtained results could provide the potential application of ALPP as an alternative therapy for heart failure in the functional food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Nianfeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Sixue Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
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Shikov AN, Narkevich IA, Flisyuk EV, Luzhanin VG, Pozharitskaya ON. Medicinal plants from the 14 th edition of the Russian Pharmacopoeia, recent updates. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113685. [PMID: 33309919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbal medicine in Russia has a long history starting with handwritten herbalist manuscripts from the Middle Ages to the officinal Pharmacopoeia of the 21st century. The "herbophilious" Russian population has accumulated a lot of knowledge about the beneficial effects of local medicinal plants. Yet, for a long time, Russian traditional and officinal herbal medicine was not well known to the international audience. In our previous comprehensive review, we discussed the pharmacological effects of specific plants included in the 11th edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the USSR, which was also for a while used in Russia. The 14th edition of the Russian Federation's State Pharmacopoeia was implemented in 2018. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aims of the present review are: (i) to trace the evolution of medicinal plant handling from handwritten herbalist manuscripts to Pharmacopoeias; (ii) to describe the modern situation with regulatory documents for herbal medicinal products and their updated classification; (iii) to summarize and discuss the pharmacology, safety, and clinical data for new plants, which are included in the new edition of the Pharmacopoeia. METHODS New medicinal plants included in the 14th edition of the Russian Federation's State Pharmacopoeia were selected. We carefully searched the scientific literature for data related to traditional use, pharmacological, clinical application, and safety. The information was collected from local libraries in Saint-Petersburg, the online databases E-library.ru, Scopus, Web of Science, and the search engine Google scholar. RESULTS Investigating the evolution of all medicinal plants referred to in the Russian Pharmacopoeias led us to the identification of ten medicinal plants that were present in all editions of civilian Russian Pharmacopoeias starting from 1778. In the 14th edition of the modern Russian Pharmacopoeia, medicinal plants are described in 107 monographs. Altogether, 25 new monographs were included in the 14th edition, and one monograph was excluded in comparison to the 11th edition. Some of the included plants are not endemic to Russia and do not have a history of traditional use, or on the other hand, are widely used in Western medicine. For 15 plants, we described the specificity of their application in Russian traditional medicine along with the claimed dosages and indications in officinal medicine. The pharmacology, safety, and clinical data are summarized and assessed for nine plants, underlining their therapeutic potential and significance for global phytopharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we highlight the therapeutical potential of new plants included in the modern edition of the Russian Pharmacopoeia. We hope that these plants will play an imperative role in drug development and will have a priority for future detailed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Shikov
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, 197376, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Igor A Narkevich
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, 197376, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Flisyuk
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, 197376, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Luzhanin
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, 197376, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga N Pozharitskaya
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), Vladimirskaya, 17, 183010, Murmansk, Russia
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Lyu YR, Jung SJ, Lee SW, Yang WK, Kim SH, Jung IC, Kim KH, Kim HY, Yang YJ, Lee Y, Yoon SR, Park YC. Efficacy and safety of CAEC (Canavalia gladiata arctium lappa extract complex) on immune function enhancement: An 8 week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Effect of Dose and Timing of Burdock ( Arctium lappa) Root Intake on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020220. [PMID: 32041173 PMCID: PMC7074855 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble dietary fiber such as inulin improves the beta diversity of the intestinal microbiota of mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). The circadian clock is the system that regulates the internal daily rhythm, and it affects the pattern of beta diversity in mouse intestinal microbiota. Burdock (Arctium lappa) root contains a high concentration of inulin/fructan (approximately 50%) and is a very popular vegetable in Japan. Arctium lappa also contains functional substances that may affect intestinal microbiota, such as polyphenols. We compared the effects of inulin and A. lappa powder on the diversity of the intestinal microbiota of HFD-fed mice. 16S rDNA from the intestinal microbiota obtained from feces was analyzed by 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation. It was found to have a stronger effect on microbiota than inulin alone, suggesting that inulin has an additive and/or synergic action with other molecules in A. lappa root. We examined the effects of intake timing (breakfast or dinner) of A. lappa on intestinal microbiota. The intake of A. lappa root in the evening had a stronger effect on microbiota diversity in comparison to morning intake. Therefore, it is suggested that habitual consumption of A. lappa root in the evening may aid the maintenance of healthy intestinal microbiota.
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Bavia L, Dias Fontana P, Bovo F, Souza ARC, Corazza ML, Messias‐Reason IJ. Inhibitory Effect of Supercritical Extracts from
Arctium lappa
L. on the Lectin Pathway of the Complement System. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900401. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Bavia
- Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Paraná Rua General Carneiro No. 181, Hospital de Clínicas CEP: 80060–900, Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Pâmela Dias Fontana
- Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Paraná Rua General Carneiro No. 181, Hospital de Clínicas CEP: 80060–900, Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bovo
- Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Paraná Rua General Carneiro No. 181, Hospital de Clínicas CEP: 80060–900, Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Ariádine Reder C. Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do ParanáSetor de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos No. 210, Centro Politécnico CEP: 82590–300, Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Marcos Lúcio Corazza
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do ParanáSetor de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos No. 210, Centro Politécnico CEP: 82590–300, Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Iara Jose Messias‐Reason
- Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Paraná Rua General Carneiro No. 181, Hospital de Clínicas CEP: 80060–900, Curitiba Paraná Brazil
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Li K, Zhu L, Li H, Zhu Y, Pan C, Gao X, Liu W. Structural characterization and rheological properties of a pectin with anti-constipation activity from the roots of Arctium lappa L. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 215:119-129. [PMID: 30981336 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new pectin (ALP-2) was extracted from the roots of Arctium lappa L. with the molecular weight of 1.84 × 106 Da. ALP-2 was composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose. Results of NMR revealed that the dominant linkage types of ALP-2 were →4-α-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→, →2-α-Rha-(1→, →5-α-Araf-(1→ and →3,6-β-Galp-(1→. The ELISA results indicated ALP-2 was a typical pectin with HG chain and RG-I chain. The rheological experiments showed that ALP-2 fluid exhibited shear thinning behavior. The viscosity of ALP-2 was mainly affected by concentration, temperature, and pH. The ALP-2 fluid with elastic properties at high frequencies could be used as a thickener in the food industry. Moreover, ALP-2 with the dosages of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg exhibited strong anti-constipation activity in vivo. ALP-2 treated groups could improve small intestinal movement rate and increase the weight of feces significantly in constipation mice. Therefore, ALP-2 could be considered as the active component for functional food or therapeutic agent in constipation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yiqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Gilca M, Tiplica GS, Salavastru CM. Traditional and ethnobotanical dermatology practices in Romania and other Eastern European countries. Clin Dermatol 2018; 36:338-352. [PMID: 29908576 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The geographic and ecologic specificity of Romania and other Eastern European countries has resulted in the development of an exceptional diversity of medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the ethnobotanical dermatology practices based on the use of medicinal plants in this region. The indications, ethnopharmacologic activities, parts used, and administration of 106 medicinal plants are provided. We also discuss the relative importance of these species, using two modified indices of quantitative ethnobotany: Use Value Index and Relative Dermatologic Importance, which were calculated on the basis of etic constructions (indications and ethnopharmacologic activities). The species identified to have the highest dermatologic importance (on a scale of 100) were Brassica oleracea L. (100), Matricaria chamomilla L. (79.17), Arctium lappa L. (74.82), Daucus carota L. (72.28), Equisetum arvense L. (70.47), Juglans regia L. (69.93), Populous nigra L. (65.94), Symphytum officinale L. (63.59), Chelidonium majus L. (57.78), Calendula officinalis L. (57.78), Achillea millefolium L. (57.43), Melilotus officinalis L. (55.25), Allium cepa L. (51.45), Quercus robur L. (51.08), and Betula spp. (50.91). This preliminary study on ethnobotanical dermatology practices indicates that Eastern European traditional medical knowledge represents an important heritage that is currently underexploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gilca
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - George Sorin Tiplica
- Dermatology Department, 2nd Clinic of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Maria Salavastru
- Dermatology Department, Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Chen WC, Hsu YJ, Lee MC, Li HS, Ho CS, Huang CC, Chen FA. Effect of burdock extract on physical performance and physiological fatigue in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1698-1706. [PMID: 28890521 PMCID: PMC5658563 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burdock (BD) is a common vegetable with many pharmacological properties. However, few
studies have examined the effect of BD on exercise performance and physical fatigue. We
aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of BD on fatigue and ergogenic
functions following physical challenge in mice. Methods: Male ICR mice were divided into
four groups to receive either vehicle, or BD at 348.5, 697 or 1,742.5 mg/kg/day, by daily
oral gavage for 4 weeks. Exercise performance and fatigue were evaluated from forelimb
grip strength, exhaustive swimming time, and post-exercise levels of physical
fatigue-related biomarkers serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, and creatine kinase (CK).
Results: BD supplementation elevated endurance and grip strength in a dose-dependent
manner. It also significantly decreased lactate, ammonia, and CK levels after physical
challenge. In addition, BD supplementation had few subchronic toxic effects. Conclusions:
Supplementation with BD has a wide spectrum of bioactive effects, including health
promotion, performance improvement, and fatigue reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chyuan Chen
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Hua Shuai Li
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sheng Ho
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lo-Hsu Foundation, Inc., Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 26546, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Yu F, Liu MY, Zhao YK, Wang DM, Hao QH, Wang XL. Isolation and Characterization of a Human Intestinal Bacterium Eggerthella sp. AUH-JLD49s for the Conversion of (-)-3'-Desmethylarctigenin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4051-4056. [PMID: 28493688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arctiin is the most abundant bioactive compound contained in the Arctium lappa plant. In our previous study, we isolated one single bacterium capable of bioconverting arctigenin, an aglycone of arctiin, to 3'-desmethylarctigenin (3'-DMAG) solely. However, to date, a specific bacterium capable of producing other arctiin metabolites has not been reported. In this study, we isolated one single bacterium, which we named Eggerthella sp. AUH-JLD49s, capable of bioconverting 3'-DMAG under anaerobic conditions. The metabolite of 3'-DMAG by strain AUH-JLD49s was identified as 3'-desmethyl-4'-dehydroxyarctigenin (DMDH-AG) based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The bioconversion kinetics and bioconversion capacity of strain AUH-JLD49s were investigated. In addition, the metabolite DMDH-AG showed an inhibitory effect on cell growth of human colon cancer cell line HCT116 and human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Kai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hong Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Ling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People's Republic of China
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Kwon K, Koong HS, Kang KH. Effect of burdock extracts upon inflammatory mediator production. Technol Health Care 2017; 24:459-69. [PMID: 26684404 DOI: 10.3233/thc-151123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the burdock extract on the inhibitions of NO generation, COX-2 expression, and the generations of IL-6 and TNF-α , to find out its anti-inflammatory effect in this study. After the treatment of the burdock extract in the cells, we measured the amount of NO generated in the inflammatory cells developed by LPS and UVB, and confirmed the developments of inflammatory mediators by RT-PCR. Upon the results on the NO generation after the development of inflammation by LPS in Raw 264.7 cell, we found approximately 50% of inhibitory effect at 200 μg/ml concentrations of the burdock extract. It was confirmed that the expression levels of TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-6 were declined to the levels of control by LPS and UVB stimulated inflammation in HaCat cell. This means the anti-inflammatory effect of the burdock extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisang Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungwoon University, Gumi, Korea
| | - Hwa-Soo Koong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
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Ghafari F, Rajabi MR, Mazoochi T, Taghizadeh M, Nikzad H, Atlasi MA, Taherian A. Comparing Apoptosis and Necrosis Effects of Arctium Lappa Root Extract and Doxorubicin on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:795-802. [PMID: 28441789 PMCID: PMC5464502 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and very common malignancy in women worldwide. The efficacy
of chemotherapy as an important part of breast cancer treatment is limited due to its side effects. While pharmaceutical
companies are looking for better chemicals, research on traditional medicines that generally have fewer side effects is
quite interesting. In this study, apoptosis and necrosis effect of Arctium lappa and doxorubicin was compared in MCF7,
and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Materials and Methods: MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640
containing 10% FBS and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin. MTT assay and an annexin V/propidium iodide (AV/PI) kit
were used respectively to compare the survival rate and apoptotic effects of different concentrations of doxorubicin and
Arctium lappa root extract on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells. Results: Arctium lappa root extract was able to reduce
cell viability of the two cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner similar to doxorubicin. Flow cytometry results
showed that similar to doxorubicin, Arctium Lappa root extract had a dose and time dependent apoptosis effect on
both cell lines. 10μg/mL of Arctium lappa root extract and 5 μM of doxorubicin showed the highest anti-proliferative
and apoptosis effect in MCF7 and MDA231 cells. Conclusion: The MCF7 (ER/PR-) and MDA-MB-231 (ER/PR+)
cell lines represent two major breast cancer subtypes. The similar anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Arctium
lappa root extract and doxorubicin (which is a conventional chemotherapy drug) on two different breast cancer cell
lines strongly suggests its anticancer effects and further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ghafari
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.
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Lou C, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Zhu R, Zhao H. Arctigenin, a lignan from Arctium lappa L., inhibits metastasis of human breast cancer cells through the downregulation of MMP-2/-9 and heparanase in MDA-MB-231 cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:179-184. [PMID: 27878294 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctigenin is a bioactive lignan isolated from the seeds of Arctium lappa L. which has been widely used as a diuretic and a diaphoretic in Traditional Chinese Medicine. In the present study, the authors investigated the effects of arctigenin on tumor migration and invasion in aggressive human breast cancer cells. The MTT assay results showed that arctigenin did not show a significant cytotoxic effect on the cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. However, wound healing migration and Boyden chamber invasion assays demonstrated that arctigenin significantly inhibited in vitro migration and invasion of the MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, gelatin zymography results showed that arctigenin reduced the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Western blot analysis results demonstrated that the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and heparanase proteins was significantly downregulated following the treatment of arctigenin. Finally, the antiangiogenic activity of arctigenin was also examined by the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Arctigenin treatment significantly inhibited angiogenesis in the CAM. In conclusion, the results revealed that arctigenin significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by downregulating MMP-2, MMP-9 and heparanase expression. However, further studies are still necessary to investigate the exact mechanisms involved and to explore signal transduction pathways to better understand the biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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Carlotto J, de Souza LM, Baggio CH, Werner MFDP, Maria-Ferreira D, Sassaki GL, Iacomini M, Cipriani TR. Polysaccharides from Arctium lappa L.: Chemical structure and biological activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:954-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Yang WS, Lee SR, Jeong YJ, Park DW, Cho YM, Joo HM, Kim I, Seu YB, Sohn EH, Kang SC. Antiallergic Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Arctium lappa L. Undried Roots and Its Active Compound, Oleamide, in Regulating FcεRI-Mediated and MAPK Signaling in RBL-2H3 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3564-3573. [PMID: 27087645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The antiallergic potential of Arctium lappa L. was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats, ICR mice, and RBL-2H3 cells. Ethanol extract (90%) of A. lappa (ALE, 100 μg/mL) inhibited the degranulation rate by 52.9%, determined by the level of β-hexosaminidase. ALE suppressed passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats and attenuated anaphylaxis and histamine release in mice. To identify the active compound of ALE, we subsequently fractionated and determined the level of β-hexosaminidase in all subfractions. Oleamide was identified as an active compound of ALE, which attenuated the secretion of histamine and the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in cells treated with compound 48/80 or A23187/phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Oleamide suppressed FcεRI-tyrosine kinase Lyn-mediated pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK/SAPK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38-MAPKs). These results showed that ALE and oleamide attenuated allergic reactions and should serve as a platform to search for compounds with antiallergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Suk Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Inje University , Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Jeong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Cho
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Mi Joo
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. , Seongnam-si 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bae Seu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Sohn
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University , Samcheok 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
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Wu X, Yang Y, Dou Y, Ye J, Bian D, Wei Z, Tong B, Kong L, Xia Y, Dai Y. Arctigenin but not arctiin acts as the major effective constituent of Arctium lappa L. fruit for attenuating colonic inflammatory response induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:505-15. [PMID: 25284342 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The crude powder of the fruit of Arctium lappa L. (ALF) has previously been reported to attenuate experimental colitis in mice. But, its main effective ingredient and underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. In this study, ALF was extracted with ethanol, and then successively fractionated into petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fraction. Experimental colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Among the four fractions of ALF, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the most significant inhibition of DSS-induced colitis in mice. The comparative studies of arctigenin and arctiin (the two main ingredients of ethyl acetate fraction) indicated that arctigenin rather than arctiin could reduce the loss of body weight, disease activity index and histological damage in the colon. Arctigenin markedly recovered the loss of intestinal epithelial cells (E-cadherin-positive cells) and decreased the infiltration of neutrophils (MPO-positive cells) and macrophages (CD68-positive cells). Arctigenin could down-regulate the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-2, MCP-1, MAdCAM-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 at both protein and mRNA levels in colonic tissues. Also, it markedly decreased the MDA level, but increased SOD activity and the GSH level. Of note, the efficacy of arctigenin was comparable or even superior to that of the positive control mesalazine. Moreover, it significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the activation of NF-κB, including phosphorylation of IκBα and p65, p65 translocation and DNA binding activity. In conclusion, arctigenin but not arctiin is the main active ingredient of ALF for attenuating colitis via down-regulating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yannong Dou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Difei Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bei Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yue Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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de Oliveira JR, de Aguiar Almeida RB, das Graças Figueiredo Vilela P, de Oliveira FE, da Rocha RF, Jorge AOC, de Oliveira LD. Control of microorganisms of oral health interest with Arctium lappa L. (burdock) extract non-cytotoxic to cell culture of macrophages (RAW 264.7). Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:808-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Miglani A, Manchanda RK. Observational study of Arctium lappa in the treatment of acne vulgaris. HOMEOPATHY 2014; 103:203-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kim M, Lim SJ, Kang SW, Um BH, Nho CW. Aceriphyllum rossii extract and its active compounds, quercetin and kaempferol inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell activation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3750-3758. [PMID: 24702030 DOI: 10.1021/jf405486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aceriphyllum rossii contains an abundant source of natural flavonoids with potential antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of A. rossii extract (ARE) on immunoglobulin E(IgE)-mediated allergic responses remains unknown. In the present study, the effects of ARE and its active compounds, quercetin and kaempferol, on IgE-mediated rat basophilic leukemia mast cell activation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) were investigated. ARE, quercetin, and kaempferol inhibited secretion of β-hexosaminidase and histamine, and reduced the production and mRNA expression of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α. ARE also decreased the production of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 and expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and 5-lipoxygenase. Furthermore, ARE, quercetin, and kaempferol inhibited IgE-mediated phosphorylation of Syk, phospholipase Cγ, protein kinase C (PKC)μ, and the mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. ARE, quercetin, and kaempferol markedly suppressed mast cell-dependent PCA in IgE-sensitized mice. These results indicate that ARE and its active constituents, quercetin and kaempferol, may be a useful therapy for immediate-type hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsuk Kim
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute , Gangwon Korea
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Kolacz NM, Jaroch MT, Bear ML, Hess RF. The effect of Burns & Wounds (B&W)/burdock leaf therapy on burn-injured Amish patients: a pilot study measuring pain levels, infection rates, and healing times. J Holist Nurs 2014; 32:327-40. [PMID: 24668061 DOI: 10.1177/0898010114525683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of this pilot study were to measure pain associated with dressing changes, assess the presence of infection, and document healing times of burn-injured Amish in central Ohio using an herbal therapy consisting of Burns and Wounds™ ointment (B&W) and burdock (Arctium ssp.) leaves. B&W contains honey, lanolin, olive oil, wheat germ oil, marshmallow root, Aloe vera gel, wormwood, comfrey root, white oak bark, lobelia inflata, vegetable glycerin, bees wax, and myrrh. DESIGN A prospective, case series design guided the study within a community-based participatory research framework. METHODS Amish burn dressers provided burn care. Registered nurses monitored each case and documented findings. Pain scores were noted and burns were inspected for infection during dressing changes; healing times were measured from day of burn to complete closure of the skin. All cases were photographed. RESULTS Between October 2011 and May 2013, five Amish were enrolled. All had first- and second-degree burns. B&W/burdock leaf dressing changes caused minimal or no pain; none of the burns became infected, and healing times averaged less than 14 days. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The use of this herbal remedy appears to be an acceptable alternative to conventional burn care for these types of burns. The trauma of dressing changes was virtually nonexistent. Nurses working in communities with Amish residents should be aware of this herbal-based method of burn care and monitor its use when feasible.
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Liu MY, Li M, Wang XL, Liu P, Hao QH, Yu XM. Study on human intestinal bacterium Blautia sp. AUH-JLD56 for the conversion of arctigenin to (-)-3'-desmethylarctigenin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12060-12065. [PMID: 24236649 DOI: 10.1021/jf403924c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Arctium lappa L. (A. lappa) is a popularly used vegetable as well as herbal medicine. Human intestinal microflora was reported to convert arctiin, the lignan compound with highest content in the dried fruits of Arctium lappa, to a series of metabolites. However, the specific bacterium responsible for the formation of 3'-desmethylarctigenin (3'-DMAG), the most predominant metabolite of arctiin by rat or human intestinal microflora, has not been isolated yet. In the present study, we isolated one single bacterium, which we named Blautia sp. AUH-JLD56, capable of solely biotransforming arctiin or arctigenin to (-)-3'-DMAG. The structure of the metabolite 3'-DMAG was elucidated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The biotransforming kinetics and maximum biotransforming capacity of strain AUH-JLD56 was investigated. In addition, the metabolite 3'-DMAG showed significantly higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity than that of the substrate arctigenin at the concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei , No. 289, Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071001, Hebei Province, China
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Inhibitory Effect of Arctigenin from Fructus Arctii Extract on Melanin Synthesis via Repression of Tyrosinase Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:965312. [PMID: 23781272 PMCID: PMC3678497 DOI: 10.1155/2013/965312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To identify the active compound arctigenin in Fructus Arctii (dried seed of medicinal plant Arctium lappa) and to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism in melanogenesis, we analyzed melanin content and tyrosinase activity on B16BL6 murine melanoma and melan-A cell cultures. Water extracts of Fructus Arctii were shown to inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro and melanin content in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated cells to similar levels as the well-known kojic acid and arbutin, respectively. The active compound arctigenin of Fructus Arctii displayed little or no cytotoxicity at all concentrations examined and decreased the relative melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Melanogenic inhibitory activity was also identified in vivo with zebrafish embryo. To determine the mechanism of inhibition, the effects of arctigenin on tyrosinase gene expression and tyrosinase promoter activity were examined. Also in addition, in the signaling cascade, arctigenin dose dependently decreased the cAMP level and promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. This result suggests that arctigenin downregulates cAMP and the tyrosinase enzyme through its gene promoter and subsequently upregulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity by increasing phosphorylation in the melanogenesis signaling pathway, which leads to a lower melanin content.
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Zhang NN, Park DK, Park HJ. The inhibitory activity of atractylenolide Ш, a sesquiterpenoid, on IgE-mediated mast cell activation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:278-285. [PMID: 23149288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE AT Ш, a sesquiterpenoid, is the major component of Atractylodes japonica Koidz that has been used as a traditional oriental medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the anti-allergic activity of AT Ш and its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The released amount of β-hexosaminidase in mast cells, a key parameter of degranulation, was measured. Anti-allergic potential of AT Ш was evaluated using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in vivo. The anti-allergic mechanism of AT Ш was investigated by immunoblotting analysis, RT-PCR and measurement of [Ca(2+)]i in mast cells. RESULTS AT Ш significantly inhibited IgE/Ag-mediated degranulation with an IC(50) value (36 ± 4 μM) in RBL-2H3 cells without affecting cell viability. It also suppressed IgE/Ag-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) response with an ED(50) value (65 ± 41 mg/kg) in vivo. AT Ш suppressed the production of interleukin (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNAs more potent than the Src-family kinase inhibitor PP2 in RBL-2H3 cells at all concentrations. In order to elucidate the anti-allergic mechanisms of AT Ш in mast cells, we examined the activated levels of signaling molecules. AT Ш inhibited the phosphorylation of Lyn, Fyn, Syk, LAT, PLCγ, Gab2, Akt, p38, and JNK kinases expression. IgE/Ag-mediated [Ca(2+)]i elevation was significantly inhibited by AT Ш. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that AT Ш might be used as a therapeutic agent for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-nan Zhang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Knipping K, van Esch BC, van Ieperen-van Dijk AG, van Hoffen E, van Baalen T, Knippels LM, van der Heide S, Dubois AE, Garssen J, Knol EF. Enzymatic Treatment of Whey Proteins in Cows Milk Results in Differential Inhibition of IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Activation Compared to T-Cell Activation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 159:263-70. [DOI: 10.1159/000338007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Tsai WJ, Chang CT, Wang GJ, Lee TH, Chang SF, Lu SC, Kuo YC. Arctigenin from Arctium lappa inhibits interleukin-2 and interferon gene expression in primary human T lymphocytes. Chin Med 2011; 6:12. [PMID: 21435270 PMCID: PMC3076299 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arctium lappa (Niubang), a Chinese herbal medicine, is used to treat tissue inflammation. This study investigates the effects of arctigenin (AC), isolated from A. lappa, on anti-CD3/CD28 Ab-stimulated cell proliferation and cytokine gene expression in primary human T lymphocytes. METHODS Cell proliferation was determined with enzyme immunoassays and the tritiated thymidine uptake method. Cytokine production and gene expression were analyzed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS AC inhibited primary human T lymphocytes proliferation activated by anti-CD3/CD28 Ab. Cell viability test indicated that the inhibitory effects of AC on primary human T lymphocyte proliferation were not due to direct cytotoxicity. AC suppressed interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, AC decreased the IL-2 and IFN-γ gene expression in primary human T lymphocytes induced by anti-CD3/CD28 Ab. Reporter gene analyses revealed that AC decreased NF-AT-mediated reporter gene expression. CONCLUSION AC inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation and decreased the gene expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and NF-AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jern Tsai
- Institute of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Taipei, 24205, Taiwan.
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van Esch BC, Knipping K, Jeurink P, van der Heide S, Dubois AE, Willemsen LE, Garssen J, Knippels LM. In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the residual allergenicity of partially hydrolysed infant formulas. Toxicol Lett 2011; 201:264-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chan YS, Cheng LN, Wu JH, Chan E, Kwan YW, Lee SMY, Leung GPH, Yu PHF, Chan SW. A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock). Inflammopharmacology 2010; 19:245-54. [PMID: 20981575 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-010-0062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Arctium lappa, commonly known as burdock, is being promoted/recommended as a healthy and nutritive food in Chinese societies. Burdock has been used therapeutically in Europe, North America and Asia for hundreds of years. The roots, seeds and leaves of burdock have been investigated in view of its popular uses in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this review, the reported therapeutic effects of the active compounds present in the different botanical parts of burdock are summarized. In the root, the active ingredients have been found to "detoxify" blood in terms of TCM and promote blood circulation to the skin surface, improving the skin quality/texture and curing skin diseases like eczema. Antioxidants and antidiabetic compounds have also been found in the root. In the seeds, some active compounds possess anti-inflammatory effects and potent inhibitory effects on the growth of tumors such as pancreatic carcinoma. In the leaf extract, the active compounds isolated can inhibit the growth of micro-organisms in the oral cavity. The medicinal uses of burdock in treating chronic diseases such as cancers, diabetes and AIDS have been reported. However, it is also essential to be aware of the side effects of burdock including contact dermatitis and other allergic/inflammatory responses that might be evoked by burdock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Shing Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
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Huang TC, Tsai SS, Liu LF, Liu YL, Liu HJ, Chuang KP. Effect of Arctium lappa L. in the dextran sulfate sodium colitis mouse model. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:4193-9. [PMID: 20806438 PMCID: PMC2932925 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i33.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the possible protective role of Arctium lappa L. (AL) in a murine model of ulcerative colitis (UC).
METHODS: BALB/c mice were administered 100 mg/kg AL powder orally each day. After 7 d, colitis was induced by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (5% W/V) in drinking water for a further 8 consecutive days. Diarrhea and bloody stools as well as colonic histology were observed. The level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in colonic sections were detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: There were significant differences in mean body weight values and disease activity indices between controls and AL-treated animals. Moreover, the histological findings showed that AL treatment can prevent mucosal edema, submucosal erosions, ulceration, inflammatory cell infiltration and colon damage. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α were also decreased in AL-treated groups.
CONCLUSION: We suggest that AL can prevent intestinal damage and decrease inflammatory cytokines in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Thus, AL could prove to be a useful food for UC.
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SUGIURA Y, TORII T, MATSUDA K, YAMADA Y. Anti-allergic Effects of Extracts from Commercial Products of Cooked Burdock. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.15.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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