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Zahr NM, Pfefferbaum A. Serum albumin and white matter hyperintensities. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:233. [PMID: 38824150 PMCID: PMC11144249 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV and those diagnosed with alcohol use disorders (AUD) relative to healthy individuals commonly have low levels of serum albumin, substantiated as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. White matter hyperintensities (WMH)-a neuroimaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease-are also related to cardiovascular disease. Despite consensus regarding associations between high levels of urine albumin and WMH prevalence, and low serum albumin levels and impaired cognitive functioning, relations between serum albumin and WMH burdens have rarely been evaluated. Here, a sample including 160 individuals with AUD, 142 living with HIV, and 102 healthy controls was used to test the hypothesis that serum albumin would be inversely related to WMH volumes and directly related to cognitive performance in the two diagnostic groups. Although serum albumin and periventricular WMH volumes showed an inverse relationship in both AUD and HIV groups, this relationship persisted only in the HIV group after consideration of traditional cardiovascular (i.e., age, sex, body mass index (BMI), nicotine use, hypertension, diabetes), study-relevant (i.e., race, socioeconomic status, hepatitis C virus status), and disease-specific (i.e., CD4 nadir, HIV viral load, HIV duration) factors. Further, serum albumin contributed more significantly than periventricular WMH volume to variance in performance on a verbal learning and memory composite score in the HIV group only. Relations in both HIV and AUD groups between albumin and hematological red blood cell markers (e.g., hemoglobin, hematocrit) suggest that in this sample, serum albumin reflects hematological abnormalities. Albumin, a simple serum biomarker available in most clinical settings, may therefore help identify periventricular WMH burden and performance levels in specific cognitive domains in people living with HIV. Whether serum albumin contributes mechanistically to periventricular WMH in HIV will require additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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Vallender EJ, Hotchkiss CE, Lewis AD, Rogers J, Stern JA, Peterson SM, Ferguson B, Sayers K. Nonhuman primate genetic models for the study of rare diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:20. [PMID: 36721163 PMCID: PMC9887761 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical research and development relies heavily upon translationally valid models of disease. A major difficulty in understanding the biology of, and developing treatments for, rare disease is the lack of animal models. It is important that these models not only recapitulate the presentation of the disease in humans, but also that they share functionally equivalent underlying genetic causes. Nonhuman primates share physiological, anatomical, and behavioral similarities with humans resulting from close evolutionary relationships and high genetic homology. As the post-genomic era develops and next generation sequencing allows for the resequencing and screening of large populations of research animals, naturally occurring genetic variation in nonhuman primates with clinically relevant phenotypes is regularly emerging. Here we review nonhuman primate models of multiple rare genetic diseases with a focus on the similarities and differences in manifestation and etiologies across species. We discuss how these models are being developed and how they can offer new tools and opportunities for researchers interested in exploring novel therapeutics for these and other genetic diseases. Modeling human genetic diseases in translationally relevant nonhuman primates presents new prospects for development of therapeutics and a better understanding of rare diseases. The post-genomic era offers the opportunity for the discovery and further development of more models like those discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Vallender
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA USA
| | - Charlotte E. Hotchkiss
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Anne D. Lewis
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR USA
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI USA
| | - Joshua A. Stern
- University of California-Davis, Davis, CA USA
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA USA
| | - Samuel M. Peterson
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR USA
| | - Betsy Ferguson
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR USA
| | - Ken Sayers
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX USA
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3
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Xiao Y, Ren C, Chen G, Shang P, Song X, You G, Yan S, Yao Y, Zhou H. Neutrophil membrane-mimicking nanodecoys with intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties alleviate sepsis-induced acute liver injury and lethality in a mouse endotoxemia model. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100244. [PMID: 35345558 PMCID: PMC8956822 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute liver injury often develops in the early stages of sepsis and can exacerbate the pathology by contributing to multiple organ dysfunction and increasing lethality. No specific therapies for sepsis-induced liver injury are currently available; therefore, effective countermeasures are urgently needed. Considering the crucial role of neutrophils in sepsis-induced liver injury, herein, neutrophil membrane-mimicking nanodecoys (NM) were explored as a biomimetic nanomedicine for the treatment of sepsis-associated liver injury. NM administration exhibited excellent biocompatibility and dramatically decreased the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and liver injury biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and direct bilirubin, in a sepsis mouse model. NM treatment also reduced hepatic malondialdehyde content, myeloperoxidase activity, and histological injury, and ultimately improved survival in the septic mice. Further in vitro studies showed that NM treatment neutralized the neutrophil chemokines and inflammatory mediators and directly mitigated neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. Additionally, NM also markedly weakened lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species generation, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, nitric oxide secretion, and subsequent hepatocyte injury. Thus, this study provides a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of sepsis-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gan Chen
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Pan Shang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing You
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoduo Yan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
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Cox LA, Olivier M, Spradling-Reeves K, Karere GM, Comuzzie AG, VandeBerg JL. Nonhuman Primates and Translational Research-Cardiovascular Disease. ILAR J 2018; 58:235-250. [PMID: 28985395 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Human epidemiological studies provide challenges for understanding mechanisms that regulate initiation and progression of CVD due to variation in lifestyle, diet, and other environmental factors. Studies describing metabolic and physiologic aspects of CVD, and those investigating genetic and epigenetic mechanisms influencing CVD initiation and progression, have been conducted in multiple Old World nonhuman primate (NHP) species. Major advantages of NHPs as models for understanding CVD are their genetic, metabolic, and physiologic similarities with humans, and the ability to control diet, environment, and breeding. These NHP species are also genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, providing opportunities to study gene by environment interactions that are not feasible in inbred animal models. Each Old World NHP species included in this review brings unique strengths as models to better understand human CVD. All develop CVD without genetic manipulation providing multiple models to discover genetic variants that influence CVD risk. In addition, as each of these NHP species age, their age-related comorbidities such as dyslipidemia and diabetes are accelerated proportionally 3 to 4 times faster than in humans.In this review, we discuss current CVD-related research in NHPs focusing on selected aspects of CVD for which nonprimate model organism studies have left gaps in our understanding of human disease. We include studies on current knowledge of genetics, epigenetics, calorie restriction, maternal calorie restriction and offspring health, maternal obesity and offspring health, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and steatosis, Chagas disease, microbiome, stem cells, and prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Cox
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael Olivier
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Genesio M Karere
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John L VandeBerg
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, Texas
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Ndrepepa G, Colleran R, Kastrati A. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 476:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Spradling KD, Glenn JP, Garcia R, Shade RE, Cox LA. The baboon kidney transcriptome: analysis of transcript sequence, splice variants, and abundance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57563. [PMID: 23637735 PMCID: PMC3634053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The baboon is an invaluable model for the study of human health and disease, including many complex diseases of the kidney. Although scientists have made great progress in developing this animal as a model for numerous areas of biomedical research, genomic resources for the baboon, such as a quality annotated genome, are still lacking. To this end, we characterized the baboon kidney transcriptome using high-throughput cDNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify genes, gene variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertion-deletion polymorphisms (InDels), cellular functions, and key pathways in the baboon kidney to provide a genomic resource for the baboon. Analysis of our sequencing data revealed 45,499 high-confidence SNPs and 29,813 InDels comparing baboon cDNA sequences with the human hg18 reference assembly and identified 35,900 cDNAs in the baboon kidney, including 35,150 transcripts representing 15,369 genic genes that are novel for the baboon. Gene ontology analysis of our sequencing dataset also identified numerous biological functions and canonical pathways that were significant in the baboon kidney, including a large number of metabolic pathways that support known functions of the kidney. The results presented in this study catalogues the transcribed mRNAs, noncoding RNAs, and hypothetical proteins in the baboon kidney and establishes a genomic resource for scientists using the baboon as an experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Spradling
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
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