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Liu M, Li X, Li Y, Zou Y. Insights into the airborne microorganisms in a Sichuan south-road dark tea pile fermentation plant during production. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1439133. [PMID: 39286348 PMCID: PMC11402737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1439133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sichuan south-road dark tea (SSDT) is generally produced through a series of processes, including fixing, rolling, pile fermentation, and drying, with microbial action during pile fermentation playing a crucial role in determining tea quality. The air within the SSDT pile fermentation plant (SSDTPP) is considered an important source of these microbes, but research in this area has been limited. Methods In this study, air samples from SSDTPP were collected on the 1st (SSDT1), 12th (SSDT2), and 24th (SSDT3) days of pile fermentation and comprehensively analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Results and discussion The results revealed the presence of 2 and 24 phyla, 9 and 49 classes, 18 and 88 orders, 28 and 153 families, 38 and 253 genera, and 47 and 90 species of fungi and bacteria, respectively, across all samples. SSDT1 and SSDT2 individually had the highest fungal and bacterial diversity, while Aspergillus was the dominant genus throughout the pile fermentation with an abundance of 34.6%, 91.17%, and 67.86% in SSDT1, SSDT2, and SSDT3, respectively. Microbial populations in SSDT1 were predominantly involved in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, amino acid metabolism, the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, etc. However, SSDT2 exhibited a higher prevalence of human disease-related functions. SSDT3 primarily focused on the metabolism of other amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, 104 genera and 22 species coexisted in both SSDTPP air and piled SSDT, suggesting that frequent microbial exchange may occur between them. These findings pave the way for microbial traceability during SSDT production and provide a foundation for further functional microbial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyi Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yimiao Li
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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2
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Li Q, Ma LP. Case Report: Community-Acquired Burkholderia cepacia Pneumonia of a Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:86-88. [PMID: 35895374 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired Burkholderia cepacia pneumonia is rare. We report a 29-year-old female who suffered pulmonary tuberculosis and developed community-acquired Burkholderia cepacia pneumonia, which was confirmed by the culture of the pulmonary tissue. The patient received antitubercular therapy. Meanwhile, she was treated with meropenem and minocycline. The patient was followed up for 6 months, and she achieved complete absorption of lung lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Ma
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
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3
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Miura M, Toshida H. Burkholderia Cepacia-Induced Bilateral Microbial Keratitis in a Wearer of Colored Cosmetic Contact Lenses. Cureus 2022; 14:e22840. [PMID: 35382181 PMCID: PMC8977052 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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4
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Paes Leme RC, Chaves JRE, Gonçalves LCS, Alvim LC, Almeida JRCD, Renó LDC. Diabetic foot infection caused by bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex: report of an unusual case and a scoping literature review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e36. [PMID: 35674634 PMCID: PMC9173686 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is group of widespread gram-negative bacillus organized in over 20 phylogenetically distinct bacterial species. According to previous studies, BCC species pathogens are widely reported in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but not in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this case report, a 42-year-old male patient with DM and a foot infection caused by BCC is presented. The patient was hospitalized after antibiotic treatment failure and improved after two surgical debridement procedures and a high-dose extended infusion (EI) of meropenem. The team of vascular surgeons and the infectious disease specialists worked fervently to solve the case. Finally, a scoping review was conducted to map BCC infections in patients with DM.
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Comparative analysis of different methods used for molecular characterization of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolated from noncystic fibrosis conditions. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 40:74-80. [PMID: 34674874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Burkholderia is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium capable of causing severe nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to characterize Burkholderia cepacia complex and to compare different molecular methods used in its characterization. METHODS In this study, 45 isolates of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) isolated from clinical cases were subjected to RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA), recA-RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism), 16SrDNA-RFLP, whole-cell protein analysis, recA DNA sequencing and biofilm assay. RESULTS Of the 45 isolates tested, 97.7% were sensitive to ceftazidime, 82.2% were sensitive to Cotrimoxazole, 73.3% were sensitive to meropenem, 55.5% were sensitive to minocycline and 42.2% were sensitive to levofloxacin. Majority of the isolates harbored all the tested virulence genes except bpeA and cblA. The RAPD generated 11 groups (R1-R11), recA-RFLP 10 groups (A1-A10), 16SrRNA-RFLP 5 groups (S1-S5) and SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) whole cell protein analysis revealed 12 groups (C1-C12). recA sequencing revealed that most of the isolates belonging to the genomovar III Burkholderia cenocepacia. Though all the methods are found to be efficient in differentiating Burkholderia spp., recA-RFLP was highly discriminatory at 96% similarity value. The study also identified a new strain Burkholderia pseudomultivorans for the first time in the country. Further, recA sequencing could identify the strains to species level. Majority of the multidrug-resistant strains also showed moderate to strong biofilm-forming ability, which further contributes to the virulence characteristics of the pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the importance of combination of molecular methods to characterize Burkholderia cepacia complex. Molecular typing of these human pathogens yields important information for the clinicians in order to initiate the most appropriate therapy in the case of severe infections and to implement preventive measures for the effective control of transmission of Burkholderia spp.
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An Overview of Metabolic Activity, Beneficial and Pathogenic Aspects of Burkholderia Spp. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050321. [PMID: 34067834 PMCID: PMC8156019 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia is an important bacterial species which has different beneficial effects, such as promoting the plant growth, including rhizosphere competence for the secretion of allelochemicals, production of antibiotics, and siderophores. In addition, most of Burkholderia species have demonstrated promising biocontrol action against different phytopathogens for diverse crops. In particular, Burkholderia demonstrates significant biotechnological potential as a source of novel antibiotics and bioactive secondary metabolites. The current review is concerned with Burkholderia spp. covering the following aspects: discovering, classification, distribution, plant growth promoting effect, and antimicrobial activity of different species of Burkholderia, shedding light on the most important secondary metabolites, their pathogenic effects, and biochemical characterization of some important species of Burkholderia, such as B. cepacia, B. andropogonis, B. plantarii, B. rhizoxinica, B. glumae, B. caryophylli and B. gladioli.
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Zotti M, De Filippis F, Cesarano G, Ercolini D, Tesei G, Allegrezza M, Giannino F, Mazzoleni S, Bonanomi G. One ring to rule them all: an ecosystem engineer fungus fosters plant and microbial diversity in a Mediterranean grassland. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:884-898. [PMID: 32266980 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Species coexistence in grasslands is regulated by several environmental factors and interactions with the soil microbial community. Here, the development of the Basidiomycetes fungus Agaricus arvensis, forming fairy rings, in a species-rich Mediterranean grassland, is described. Effects of the mycelial front on plants, fungi and bacteria were assessed by vegetation survey and next generation sequencing approaches. Our results showed a fungal-dependent shift in the community structure operated by a wave-like spread of fairy rings that decreased plant, fungal and bacterial diversity, indicating a detrimental effect of fairy rings on most species. The fairy rings induced successional processes in plants that enhanced the replacement of a community dominated by perennial plants with short-living and fast-growing plant species. In parallel, fungal and bacterial communities showed evident differences in species composition with several taxa associated within distinct sampling zone across the fairy rings. Notably, bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia genus and fungi of the genus Trichoderma increased in response to the advancing mycelium of A. arvensis. The profound changes in community composition and the overall increase in taxa diversity at ecosystemic scale suggest that fairy ring-forming fungi may act as ecosystem engineer species in Mediterranean grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Zotti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, Università di Napoli Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cesarano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, Università di Napoli Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Tesei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce, Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Allegrezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce, Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Giannino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, Università di Napoli Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, Università di Napoli Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Owens DK, Bajsa-Hirschel J, Duke SO, Carbonari CA, Gomes GLGC, Asolkar R, Boddy L, Dayan FE. The Contribution of Romidepsin to the Herbicidal Activity of Burkholderia rinojensis Biopesticide. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:843-851. [PMID: 32091209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The culture broth of Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 is herbicidal to a number of weed species with greater observed efficacy against broadleaf than grass weeds. A portion of this activity is attributed to romidepsin, a 16-membered cyclic depsipeptide bridged by a 15-membered macrocyclic disulfide. Romidepsin, which is present in small amounts in the broth (18 to 25 μg mL-1), was isolated and purified using standard chromatographic techniques. It was established that romidepsin is a natural proherbicide that targets the activity of plant histone deacetylases (HDAC). Assays to measure plant HDAC activity were optimized by testing a number of HDAC substrates. The activity of romidepsin was greater when its macrocyclic-forming disulfide bridge was reduced to liberate a highly reactive free butenyl thiol side chain. Reduction was achieved using 200 mM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride. A similar bioactivation of the proherbicide via reduction of the disulfide bridge of romidepsin was observed in plant-cell-free extracts. Molecular dynamic simulation of the binding of romidepsin to Arabidopsis thaliana HDAC19 indicated the reduced form of the compound could reach deep inside the catalytic domain and interact with an associated zinc atom required for enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Owens
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Thad Cochran Center, University Avenue, University, Mississippi 38677 United States
| | - Stephen O Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Thad Cochran Center, University Avenue, University, Mississippi 38677 United States
| | - Caio A Carbonari
- Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 01049-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna L G C Gomes
- Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 01049-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Ratnakar Asolkar
- Marrone Bio Innovations, 1540 Drew Avenue, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Louis Boddy
- Marrone Bio Innovations, 1540 Drew Avenue, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Franck E Dayan
- Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Keswani C, Prakash O, Bharti N, Vílchez JI, Sansinenea E, Lally RD, Borriss R, Singh SP, Gupta VK, Fraceto LF, de Lima R, Singh HB. Re-addressing the biosafety issues of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:841-852. [PMID: 31302549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To promote agronomic sustainability, extensive research is being carried out globally, investigating biofertilizer development. Recently, it has been realized that some microorganisms used as biofertilizers behave as opportunistic pathogens and belong to the biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) classification. This poses serious risk to the environmental and human health. Evidence presented in various scientific forums is increasingly favoring the merits of using BSL-2 microorganisms as biofertilizers. In this review, we emphasize that partial characterization based on traditional microbiological approaches and small subunit rRNA gene sequences/conserved regions are insufficient for the characterization of biofertilizer strains. It is advised herein, that research and industrial laboratories developing biofertilizers for commercialization or environmental release must characterize microorganisms of interest using a multilateral polyphasic approach of microbial systematics. This will determine their risk group and biosafety characteristics before proceeding with formulation development and environmental application. It has also been suggested that microorganisms belonging to risk-group-1 and BSL-1 category should be used for formulation development and for field scale applications. While, BSL-2 microorganisms should be restricted for research using containment practices compliant with strict regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Keswani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Om Prakash
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Nidhi Bharti
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Juan I Vílchez
- Department of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria, Plant Stress Centre for Biology (PSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.
| | - Estibaliz Sansinenea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico.
| | - Richard D Lally
- Research Department, Alltech, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Nord Reet UG Greifswald, Germany and Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Surya P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Leonardo F Fraceto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata de Lima
- LABiToN - LaboratóriodeAvaliaçãodeBioatividadeeToxicologiade Nanomateriais, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Harikesh B Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Zhang L, Gao W, Yin Y, Wang Z. Discrimination of Burkholderia gladioli pv. alliicola and B. cepacia complex using the gyrB gene of B. gladioli pv. alliicola. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1870-1876. [PMID: 30783462 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of the gyrB gene derived from Burkholderia gladioli pv.Alliicola (Bga) on the identification of Bga from the B. cepacia complex (Bcc) based on the COnsensus-DEgenerate Hybrid Oligonucleotide Primer (CODEHOP) strategy. A set of primers used for the specific amplification of the gyrB gene in Bga were designed according to the CODEHOP principle. A total of 1,644 bp of the gyrB gene sequence of Bga were acquired by CODEHOP amplification. The sequence was blasted in GenBank and it revealed an average of 86% similarity with the gyrB gene of nine genomovars of Bcc. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the gyrB gene sequences. The microarray method was adopted to discriminate Bga from Bcc based on the specific probes designed upon the gyrB gene, and five genomovars of Bcc demonstrated a good discrimination from Bga on the microarray chip. CODEHOP strategy succeeded in amplification of the gyrB gene of Bga, which made it possible for the identification of Bga from five genomovars of Bcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Wenna Gao
- Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Youping Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
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Sfeir MM. Burkholderia cepacia complex infections: More complex than the bacterium name suggest. J Infect 2018; 77:166-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Shahid M, Khan MS. Glyphosate induced toxicity to chickpea plants and stress alleviation by herbicide tolerant phosphate solubilizing Burkholderia cepacia PSBB1 carrying multifarious plant growth promoting activities. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:131. [PMID: 29450121 PMCID: PMC5812922 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, strain PSBB1 isolated from Vicia faba rhizosphere was identified as Burkholderia cepacia, by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and characterized. Strain PSBB1 tolerated glyphosate up to 3200 μg ml-1 and produced IAA (81.6 μg ml-1), ACC deaminase (69.3 mg-1 protein h-1), SA (39.3 μg ml-1) and 2,3-DHBA (26.6 μg ml-1), solubilized insoluble P (50.8 μg ml-1) and secreted 29.4 μg ml-1 exopolysaccharides, which decreased with increasing concentrations of glyphosate. Cell damage following glyphosate application was visible under SEM and CLSM. The phytotoxicity of glyphosate on chickpea was variable but significant. B. cepacia mitigated toxicity and enhanced the size, dry matter, symbiosis, seed attributes and nutritional contents of chickpea. Further, B. cepacia strain PSBB1 declined the levels of CAT, POD, APX and GPX and MDA contents at 4332 μg kg-1 soil glyphosate. Proline also increased under glyphosate stress but declined in B. cepacia inoculated plants. The ability to tolerate higher concentration of glyphosate, the capacity to secrete plant growth regulators even under herbicide stress and potential to reduce the level of proline and antioxidant enzymes makes B. cepacia as an interesting choice for enhancing chickpea production in soils contaminated even with herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002 India
| | - Mohd. Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002 India
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Liu J, Wang X, Zhang T, Li X. Assessment of active bacteria metabolizing phenolic acids in the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) rhizosphere. Microbiol Res 2017; 205:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Herbal poisoning exposures reported to poison centers increased by 344% after passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, with 24412 exposures reported in 2003. Increased toxicity is speculated to be related to lack of child-resistant packaging, new issues of contamination, proliferation of multiple ingredient products, excessive concentration of active ingredients, and discovery of new drug-herb interactions. This review addresses contamination issues such as heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, homeopathic remedies, microbes, insects, environmental chemicals, and mis-identification of one plant for another. Toxicity issues covered include carcinogenicity, delay in seeking medical treatment when using herbs to treat serious illness, toxic components, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, epileptogenic compounds, cardiac toxins, gastrointestinal toxins, and hematologic toxins. Common drug-herb interactions are discussed. The pharmacist plays an important role in patient education and evaluation of potential toxicities related to herbal supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Smolinske
- Children’s Hospital of Michigan Regional Poison Control Center, Wayne State University, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Detroit, Michigan
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15
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Mysterud I, Koller G, Høiland K, Carlsen T, Sletten A. The lamb disease alveld: Search for fungi and bacteria on Narthecium ossifragum foliage and roots. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Cepacia Syndrome in a Non-Cystic Fibrosis Patient. Case Rep Infect Dis 2015; 2015:537627. [PMID: 26357579 PMCID: PMC4555446 DOI: 10.1155/2015/537627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia (formerly Pseudomonas) cepacia complex is a known serious threat to patients with cystic fibrosis, in whom it has the potential to cause the fatal combination of necrotizing pneumonia, worsening respiratory failure, and bacteremia, known as Cepacia syndrome. The potential for this pathogen to infect non-cystic fibrosis patients is limited and its epidemiology is poorly understood. Previously reported cases of severe Burkholderia cepacia complex lung infection in immunocompetent hosts include pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pyopneumothorax, and cavitary lesions. We present a case of a 64-year-old man with Streptococcus pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia whose hospital course was complicated by developing cavitary lung lesions, bacteremia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Repeated tracheal aspirate and blood cultures grew Burkholderia cepacia. Our case appears to be the first report of Cepacia syndrome in a patient without cystic fibrosis. This report raises concern regarding the potential severity of pulmonary Burkholderia cepacia complex infection and the need to broaden clinicians' suspicion for Cepacia syndrome. A framework to help diagnose and treat infected non-cystic fibrosis individuals may be useful.
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Banovic F, Koch S, Robson D, Jacob M, Olivry T. Deep pyoderma caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex associated with ciclosporin administration in dogs: a case series. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:287-e64. [PMID: 25962868 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are ubiquitous Gram-negative bacilli associated with fatal nosocomial infections in humans; multi-antibiotic resistance makes this organism a serious threat in hospital settings. OBJECTIVE To describe the historical, clinicopathological and treatment characteristics of Bcc-associated deep skin infections in dogs. ANIMALS Six dogs with skin infections in which skin bacterial cultures resulted in pure growth of Bcc. METHODS Retrospective study with review of medical records and skin biopsies. RESULTS All dogs were receiving oral ciclosporin at the time of skin infection development. All dogs were castrated males and four of six were West Highland white terriers. Cutaneous lesions consistent with deep pyoderma were confined mainly to the trunk. In all dogs skin cytology revealed a strong inflammatory response, with moderate to abundant numbers of intracellular (neutrophils and macrophages) and extracellular bacilli. In three dogs histopathology showed a multifocal, nodular to coalescing pyogranulomatous dermatitis associated with multifocal folliculitis and furunculosis. Tissue Giemsa and Gram stains identified numerous Gram-negative rods within macrophages. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed multidrug-resistant Bcc strains with sensitivity to trimethoprim/sulfonamides in all dogs and to marbofloxacin, piperacillin and ceftazidime in three dogs. Successful treatment was achieved in all dogs using trimethoprim/sulfonamides or quinolones (marbofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) or doxycycline in conjunction with ciclosporin withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Clinicians should be aware of the rare potential for Bcc-associated deep skin infections in dogs receiving oral ciclosporin. Owners should be made conscious of the potential transmission risk to humans or other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frane Banovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Sandra Koch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Ave, C339 VMC, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - David Robson
- Animal Skin and Allergy Service, Melbourne Veterinary Specialist Centre, 70 Blackburn Road, Glen Waverley, VIC, 3150, Australia
| | - Megan Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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Kim JM, Ahn Y, LiPuma JJ, Hussong D, Cerniglia CE. Survival and susceptibility of Burkholderia cepacia complex in chlorhexidine gluconate and benzalkonium chloride. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:905-13. [PMID: 25794566 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) includes opportunistic pathogenic bacteria that have occasionally been recovered from various pharmaceutical products, including antiseptics and disinfectants. Plausible reasons for the contamination include intrinsic sources, such as inadequate process controls, especially for water or equipment used during product manufacture, or extrinsic sources, such as improper handling and dilution or distribution in contaminated containers. Because the survival of BCC in antiseptics is a concern to the public health and pharmaceutical industry, we determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 36 BCC strains against the antiseptics, following exposure to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and benzalkonium chloride (BZK) solutions (1-500 µg/ml for each chemical). Susceptibility to CHX and BZK varied across the BCC strains and was recorded as mean 90.3 and 111.1 µg/ml, respectively, at initial inoculation, which was significantly higher than the 46.4 and 61.1 µg/ml levels measured for BCC incubated in water for 40 days. After determining antiseptic MICs of individual BCC strains, BCC recovery was measured on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Reasoner's Second Agar (R2A) and diluted preparations of these media under their sub-MICs. The survival of BCC was monitored for 14 days (336 h) in sub-MICs diluted to less than their antiseptic susceptible concentration value. Diluted TSA and R2A media exhibited greater efficiency of recovery for most BCC strains from the CHX and BZK solutions than full strength TSA or R2A. For BCC survival in antiseptic solutions, the cell number of BCC decreased rapidly within the first 20 min in both antiseptics, but after this, recovery remained constant in CHX and increased in BZK over the 14 day incubation period. The results indicate that BCC in water can remain viable with low susceptibility to antiseptics for 14 days, which suggests the necessity for improved detection methods and control measures to monitor BCC contamination in pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Myeong Kim
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079-9502, USA
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Wallock-Richards D, Doherty CJ, Doherty L, Clarke DJ, Place M, Govan JRW, Campopiano DJ. Garlic revisited: antimicrobial activity of allicin-containing garlic extracts against Burkholderia cepacia complex. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112726. [PMID: 25438250 PMCID: PMC4249831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activities of garlic and other plant alliums are primarily based on allicin, a thiosulphinate present in crushed garlic bulbs. We set out to determine if pure allicin and aqueous garlic extracts (AGE) exhibit antimicrobial properties against the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), the major bacterial phytopathogen for alliums and an intrinsically multiresistant and life-threatening human pathogen. We prepared an AGE from commercial garlic bulbs and used HPLC to quantify the amount of allicin therein using an aqueous allicin standard (AAS). Initially we determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the AGE against 38 Bcc isolates; these MICs ranged from 0.5 to 3% (v/v). The antimicrobial activity of pure allicin (AAS) was confirmed by MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays against a smaller panel of five Bcc isolates; these included three representative strains of the most clinically important species, B. cenocepacia. Time kill assays, in the presence of ten times MIC, showed that the bactericidal activity of AGE and AAS against B. cenocepacia C6433 correlated with the concentration of allicin. We also used protein mass spectrometry analysis to begin to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of allicin with a recombinant form of a thiol-dependent peroxiredoxin (BCP, Prx) from B. cenocepacia. This revealed that AAS and AGE modifies an essential BCP catalytic cysteine residue and suggests a role for allicin as a general electrophilic reagent that targets protein thiols. To our knowledge, we report the first evidence that allicin and allicin-containing garlic extracts possess inhibitory and bactericidal activities against the Bcc. Present therapeutic options against these life-threatening pathogens are limited; thus, allicin-containing compounds merit investigation as adjuncts to existing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daynea Wallock-Richards
- EastChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J. Doherty
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey Doherty
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Clarke
- EastChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Place
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John R. W. Govan
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JRWG); (D. Campopiano)
| | - Dominic J. Campopiano
- EastChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JRWG); (D. Campopiano)
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20
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Zurita J, Mejia L, Zapata S, Trueba G, Vargas AC, Aguirre S, Falconi G. Healthcare-associated respiratory tract infection and colonization in an intensive care unit caused by Burkholderia cepacia isolated in mouthwash. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 29:96-9. [PMID: 25449242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burkholderia cepacia has been linked to healthcare-associated infections and colonization caused by contamination of alcohol-free mouthwash used in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. The purpose of our study was to establish the source of a clustering of healthcare-associated B. cepacia isolates in patients on mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS During April 2012 the Infection Control Committee became concerned when B. cepacia was isolated from tracheal aspirate cultures of three ICU patients. The medical records for the years 2011 and 2012 were reviewed to identify further cases. Cultures of potential reservoirs were done. Isolates from patients and an alcohol-free mouthwash were submitted to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis and antimicrobial resistance testing. RESULTS Four patients with positive cultures for B. cepacia were identified before the review of the medical records for the years 2011 and 2012. Nine further cases were identified in the review, defined as a patient with pneumonia who had a culture of respiratory secretions that was positive for B. cepacia. Three were cases of infection and 10 were colonizations. All of the isolates from patients (J, K, L, and M) and mouthwash samples (B19, B20, and B21) were genetically identical by MLST analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly suggest that alcohol-free mouthwash solution intrinsically contaminated with B. cepacia was the source of these colonizations and infections involving adults in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannete Zurita
- Servicio de Microbiología y Tuberculosis, Hospital Vozandes, Villalengua Oe2-37, Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Lorena Mejia
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Cecilia Vargas
- Servicio de Microbiología y Tuberculosis, Hospital Vozandes, Villalengua Oe2-37, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Samanta Aguirre
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Vozandes, Quito, Ecuador
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21
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Zuleta LFG, Cunha CDO, de Carvalho FM, Ciapina LP, Souza RC, Mercante FM, de Faria SM, Baldani JI, Straliotto R, Hungria M, de Vasconcelos ATR. The complete genome of Burkholderia phenoliruptrix strain BR3459a, a symbiont of Mimosa flocculosa: highlighting the coexistence of symbiotic and pathogenic genes. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:535. [PMID: 24972629 PMCID: PMC4101177 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkholderia species play an important ecological role related to xenobiosis, the promotion of plant growth, the biocontrol of agricultural diseases, and symbiotic and non-symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation. Here, we highlight our study as providing the first complete genome of a symbiotic strain of B. phenoliruptrix, BR3459a (=CLA1), which was originally isolated in Brazil from nodules of Mimosa flocculosa and is effective in fixing nitrogen in association with this leguminous species. RESULTS Genomic comparisons with other pathogenic and non-pathogenic Burkholderia strains grouped B. phenoliruptrix BR3459a with plant-associated beneficial and environmental species, although it shares a high percentage of its gene repertoire with species of the B. cepacia complex (Bcc) and "pseudomallei" group. The genomic analyses showed that the bce genes involved in exopolysaccharide production are clustered together in the same genomic region, constituting part of the Group III cluster of non-pathogenic bacteria. Regarding environmental stresses, we highlight genes that might be relevant in responses to osmotic, heat, cold and general stresses. Furthermore, a number of particularly interesting genes involved in the machinery of the T1SS, T2SS, T3SS, T4ASS and T6SS secretion systems were identified. The xenobiotic properties of strain BR3459a were also investigated, and some enzymes involved in the degradation of styrene, nitrotoluene, dioxin, chlorocyclohexane, chlorobenzene and caprolactam were identified. The genomic analyses also revealed a large number of antibiotic-related genes, the most important of which were correlated with streptomycin and novobiocin. The symbiotic plasmid showed high sequence identity with the symbiotic plasmid of B. phymatum. Additionally, comparative analysis of 545 housekeeping genes among pathogenic and non-pathogenic Burkholderia species strongly supports the definition of a new genus for the second branch, which would include BR3459a. CONCLUSIONS The analyses of B. phenoliruptrix BR3459a showed key property of fixing nitrogen that together with genes for high tolerance to environmental stresses might explain a successful strategy of symbiosis in the tropics. The strain also harbours interesting sets of genes with biotechnological potential. However, the resemblance of certain genes to those of pathogenic Burkholderia raise concerns about large-scale applications in agriculture or for bioremediation.
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22
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Stoyanova M, Pavlina I, Moncheva P, Bogatzevska N. Biodiversity and Incidence ofBurkholderiaSpecies. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2007.10817465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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23
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Angus AA, Agapakis CM, Fong S, Yerrapragada S, Estrada-de los Santos P, Yang P, Song N, Kano S, Caballero-Mellado J, de Faria SM, Dakora FD, Weinstock G, Hirsch AM. Plant-associated symbiotic Burkholderia species lack hallmark strategies required in mammalian pathogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83779. [PMID: 24416172 PMCID: PMC3885511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia is a diverse and dynamic genus, containing pathogenic species as well as species that form complex interactions with plants. Pathogenic strains, such as B. pseudomallei and B. mallei, can cause serious disease in mammals, while other Burkholderia strains are opportunistic pathogens, infecting humans or animals with a compromised immune system. Although some of the opportunistic Burkholderia pathogens are known to promote plant growth and even fix nitrogen, the risk of infection to infants, the elderly, and people who are immunocompromised has not only resulted in a restriction on their use, but has also limited the application of non-pathogenic, symbiotic species, several of which nodulate legume roots or have positive effects on plant growth. However, recent phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated that Burkholderia species separate into distinct lineages, suggesting the possibility for safe use of certain symbiotic species in agricultural contexts. A number of environmental strains that promote plant growth or degrade xenobiotics are also included in the symbiotic lineage. Many of these species have the potential to enhance agriculture in areas where fertilizers are not readily available and may serve in the future as inocula for crops growing in soils impacted by climate change. Here we address the pathogenic potential of several of the symbiotic Burkholderia strains using bioinformatics and functional tests. A series of infection experiments using Caenorhabditis elegans and HeLa cells, as well as genomic characterization of pathogenic loci, show that the risk of opportunistic infection by symbiotic strains such as B. tuberum is extremely low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette A. Angus
- Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Agapakis
- Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Fong
- Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Paulina Estrada-de los Santos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Paul Yang
- Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nannie Song
- Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Kano
- Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jésus Caballero-Mellado
- Genomic Sciences Center, National Autonomous University of México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Felix D. Dakora
- Chemistry Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - George Weinstock
- Dept. of Genetics, Washington Univ. School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Hirsch
- Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Antimicrobial Properties of an Oxidizer Produced by Burkholderia cenocepacia P525. Curr Microbiol 2014; 68:610-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Hua CN, Tokeshi J. Emergence of Burkholderia cepacia in Honolulu: a case of nursing home-acquired B. cepacia sepsis. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & PUBLIC HEALTH : A JOURNAL OF ASIA PACIFIC MEDICINE & PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 72:308-309. [PMID: 24069571 PMCID: PMC3780462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia has rarely been reported in Honolulu. Its emergence as a nursing home-acquired pathogen with high mortality rate is concerning. This case report describes a local nursing home patient who was diagnosed with B. cepacia sepsis in 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nc Hua
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI
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26
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Papp-Wallace KM, Taracila MA, Gatta JA, Ohuchi N, Bonomo RA, Nukaga M. Insights into β-lactamases from Burkholderia species, two phylogenetically related yet distinct resistance determinants. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19090-102. [PMID: 23658015 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.458315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex and Burkholderia pseudomallei are opportunistic human pathogens. Resistance to β-lactams among Burkholderia spp. is attributable to expression of β-lactamases (e.g. PenA in B. cepacia complex and PenI in B. pseudomallei). Phylogenetic comparisons reveal that PenA and PenI are highly related. However, the analyses presented here reveal that PenA is an inhibitor-resistant carbapenemase, most similar to KPC-2 (the most clinically significant serine carbapenemase), whereas PenI is an extended spectrum β-lactamase. PenA hydrolyzes β-lactams with k(cat) values ranging from 0.38 ± 0.04 to 460 ± 46 s(-1) and possesses high k(cat)/k(inact) values of 2000, 1500, and 75 for β-lactamase inhibitors. PenI demonstrates the highest kcat value for cefotaxime of 9.0 ± 0.9 s(-1). Crystal structure determination of PenA and PenI reveals important differences that aid in understanding their contrasting phenotypes. Changes in the positioning of conserved catalytic residues (e.g. Lys-73, Ser-130, and Tyr-105) as well as altered anchoring and decreased occupancy of the deacylation water explain the lower k(cat) values of PenI. The crystal structure of PenA with imipenem docked into the active site suggests why this carbapenem is hydrolyzed and the important role of Arg-220, which was functionally confirmed by mutagenesis and biochemical characterization. Conversely, the conformation of Tyr-105 hindered docking of imipenem into the active site of PenI. The structural and biochemical analyses of PenA and PenI provide key insights into the hydrolytic mechanisms of β-lactamases, which can lead to the rational design of novel agents against these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina M Papp-Wallace
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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27
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Shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging for detecting sour skin (Burkholderia cepacia)-infected onions. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Tolman JS, Valvano MA. Global changes in gene expression by the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia in response to internalization by murine macrophages. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:63. [PMID: 22321740 PMCID: PMC3296584 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. The bacterium survives within macrophages by interfering with endocytic trafficking and delaying the maturation of the B. cenocepacia-containing phagosome. We hypothesize that B. cenocepacia undergoes changes in gene expression after internalization by macrophages, inducing genes involved in intracellular survival and host adaptation. Results We examined gene expression by intracellular B. cenocepacia using selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS) combined with microarray analysis. We identified 767 genes with significantly different levels of expression by intracellular bacteria, of which 330 showed increased expression and 437 showed decreased expression. Affected genes represented all aspects of cellular life including information storage and processing, cellular processes and signaling, and metabolism. In general, intracellular gene expression demonstrated a pattern of environmental sensing, bacterial response, and metabolic adaptation to the phagosomal environment. Deletion of various SCOTS-identified genes affected bacterial entry into macrophages and intracellular replication. We also show that intracellular B. cenocepacia is cytotoxic towards the macrophage host, and capable of spread to neighboring cells, a role dependent on SCOTS-identified genes. In particular, genes involved in bacterial motility, cobalamin biosynthesis, the type VI secretion system, and membrane modification contributed greatly to macrophage entry and subsequent intracellular behavior of B. cenocepacia. Conclusions B. cenocepacia enters macrophages, adapts to the phagosomal environment, replicates within a modified phagosome, and exhibits cytotoxicity towards the host cells. The analysis of the transcriptomic response of intracellular B. cenocepacia reveals that metabolic adaptation to a new niche plays a major role in the survival of B. cenocepacia in macrophages. This adaptive response does not require the expression of any specific virulence-associated factor, which is consistent with the opportunistic nature of this microorganism. Further investigation into the remaining SCOTS-identified genes will provide a more complete picture of the adaptive response of B. cenocepacia to the host cell environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Tolman
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
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Rosenblueth M, Martinez-Romero JC, Reyes-Prieto M, Rogel MA, Martinez-Romero E. Environmental mycobacteria: a threat to human health? DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:633-40. [PMID: 21595554 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cases, bacterial pathogens are close relatives to nonpathogens. Pathogens seem to be limited lineages within nonpathogenic bacteria. Nonpathogenic isolates are generally more diverse and widespread in the environment and it is generally considered that environmental bacteria do not pose a risk to human health as clinical isolates do; this may not be the case with mycobacteria, but environmental mycobacteria have not been well studied. It is documented that several environmental mycobacteria constitute a source for human infections. Diverse mycobacterial environmental isolates are rarely involved in human disease. Environmental mycobacteria may have a role in degradation of different compounds. Environmental mycobacteria have had a long interaction with humans, maybe as long as the human species, and may have contributed to human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rosenblueth
- Centro de Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Gautam V, Singhal L, Ray P. Burkholderia cepacia complex: beyond pseudomonas and acinetobacter. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:4-12. [PMID: 21304187 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.76516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is an important nosocomial pathogen in hospitalised patients, particularly those with prior broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy. BCC causes infections that include bacteraemia, urinary tract infection, septic arthritis, peritonitis and respiratory tract infection. Due to high intrinsic resistance and being one of the most antimicrobial-resistant organisms encountered in the clinical laboratory, these infections can prove very difficult to treat and, in some cases, result in death. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and those with chronic granulomatous disease are predisposed to infection by BCC bacteria. BCC survives and multiplies in aqueous hospital environments, including disinfectant agents and intravenous fluids, where it may persist for long periods. Outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks of BCC septicaemia have been documented in intensive care units, oncology units and renal failure patients. BCC is phenotypically unremarkable, and the complex exhibits an extensive diversity of genotypes. BCC is of increasing importance for agriculture and bioremediation because of their antinematodal and antifungal properties as well as their capability to degrade a wide range of toxic compounds. It has always been a tedious task for a routine microbiological laboratory to identify the nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, and poor laboratory proficiency in identification of this nonfermenter worldwide still prevails. In India, there are no precise reports of the prevalence of BCC infection, and in most cases, these bacteria have been ambiguously reported as nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli or simply Pseudomonas spp. The International Burkholderia cepacia Working Group is open to clinicians and scientists interested in advancing knowledge of BCC infection/colonisation in persons with CF through the collegial exchange of information and promotion of coordinated approaches to research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gautam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Ravva SV, Sarreal CZ, Mandrell RE. Bacterial communities in aerosols and manure samples from two different dairies in central and Sonoma valleys of California. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17281. [PMID: 21364996 PMCID: PMC3041799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosols have been suspected to transport food pathogens and contaminate fruits and vegetables grown in close proximity to concentrated animal feeding operations, but studies are lacking that substantiate such transport. To monitor the potential transport of bacteria originated from fresh or dry manure through aerosols on a dairy, we identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, bacteria in aerosols collected within 2 to 3 meters from dairy cows at two dairies. Gram-positive Firmicutes were predominant in aerosols from a dairy in Sonoma, California, and surrounded by vineyards, in contrast to sequences of Gram-negative Proteobacteria predominant in aerosols from a dairy in Modesto, California, also surrounded by other dairies. Although Firmicutes represented approximately 50% of the 10 most abundant sequences, aerosols from the Sonoma dairy also contained sequences of Bacteriodetes and Actinobacteria, identified previously with animal feces. While none of the top 10 sequences from fresh or dry manure from Modesto dairy were detected in aerosols, two of the sequences from the phylum Bacteriodetes and one from class Clostridia from fresh manure were detected in aerosols from Sonoma. Interestingly, none of the sequences from dry manure were in the top 10 sequences in aerosols from both dairies. The 10 most abundant sequences in aerosols from the Modesto dairy were all from Proteobacteria and nearly half of them were from genus Massilia, which have been isolated previously from immune-compromised people and aerosols. We conclude that the predominant bacteria in aerosols are diverse among locations and that they do not reflect the predominant species of bacteria present in cow feces and/or in close proximity to cows. These results suggest that the aerosol sequences did not originate from manure. Large volumes of aerosols would be required to determine if bacterial sequences from aerosols could be used to track bacteria in manure to crops grown in proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbarao V. Ravva
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chester Z. Sarreal
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Mandrell
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, United States of America
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Isolation and characterization of a new Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007 as a potential biocontrol agent. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Pope CE, Short P, Carter PE. Species distribution of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis patients in New Zealand. J Cyst Fibros 2010; 9:442-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Valle DL, Andrade JI, Cabrera EC, Rivera WL. Evaluation of buffy coat 16S rRNA PCR, buffy coat culture and whole blood PCR for detection of bacteraemia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:117-22. [PMID: 20428667 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Gram type-specific PCR on buffy coat from clinical specimens for the detection of bacteraemia was evaluated for the first time using whole blood culture as the gold standard. In addition, the established buffy coat culture and whole blood PCR were also compared. Gram-positive bacteria belonging to six species and Gram-negative bacteria from 10 species were isolated and identified by culture and detected using broad-range 16S rDNA primers and Gram-specific primers. Data from the three methods all conferred very high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values when compared to whole blood culture. The Kappa coefficients of agreement were 0.9819 (buffy coat PCR), 0.9458 (whole blood PCR) and 1.0 (buffy coat culture), which establishes their validity as alternative methods to routine blood culture in detecting bacteraemia. In addition, results showed that there was a direct correlation of WBC counts greater than 12,000 cells per mm(3) to the occurrence of bacteraemia as detected by the four methods (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrio L Valle
- Department of Laboratories, Ospital ng Makati, Makati City, Philippines
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Dalmastri C, Fiore A, Alisi C, Bevivino A, Tabacchioni S, Giuliano G, Sprocati AR, Segre L, Mahenthiralingam E, Chiarini L, Vandamme P. A rhizospheric Burkholderia cepacia complex population: genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Burkholderia cenocepacia and Burkholderia ambifaria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 46:179-87. [PMID: 19719571 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6496(03)00211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia'complex' (Bcc) presently comprises nine species and genomovars. In order to acquire a better comprehension of the species and genomovar distribution and of the genetic diversity among environmental Bcc bacteria, a natural population of 60 bacterial isolates recovered from the rhizosphere of maize and belonging to the Bcc has been characterised to assess the exact taxonomic position, the genetic polymorphism and the metabolic profiles of isolates. The identification of the different species and genomovars was accomplished by a combination of techniques including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins and recA-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. The genetic diversity among Bcc isolates was analysed by means of the random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism techniques; the analysis of molecular variance method was applied to estimate the genetic differences among the various species and genomovars identified within the bacterial population. Metabolic profiles based on carbon source utilisation were obtained by means of the Biolog GN assay and analysed by means of cluster analysis. Forty-four strains were identified as B. ambifaria, 11 as B. cenocepacia recA lineage III-B, four as B. pyrrocinia, and one as B. cepacia genomovar I. Marked genetic differences were observed between B. cenocepacia and B. ambifaria, whereas limited differences were found between B. pyrrocinia and B. ambifaria and between B. pyrrocinia and B. cenocepacia. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between the mean genetic distances of isolates belonging to B. cenocepacia, B. ambifaria, and B. pyrrocinia. Phenotypic analyses revealed that all isolates tested were able to utilise more than 75% of substrates. The highest variability in the number of utilised substrates was found among B. cenocepacia isolates, whereas the lowest was found among B. ambifaria isolates. Cluster analysis of metabolic profiles revealed pronounced differences between B. cenocepacia and B. ambifaria; in contrast, B. pyrrocinia could not be clearly separated either from B. cenocepacia or from B. ambifaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dalmastri
- ENEA (Ente Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente) C.R. Casaccia, Unità Biotecnologie e Protezione della Salute e degli Ecosistemi, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, Italy
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36
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Muthukumarasamy R, Revathi G. Letter with regard to the publication of the manuscript entitled "Effects of the inoculation of Burkholderia vietnamiensis and related endophytic diazotrophic bacteria on grain yield of rice". MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2009; 58:970-971. [PMID: 19618099 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-009-9561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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37
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Schmidt S, Blom JF, Pernthaler J, Berg G, Baldwin A, Mahenthiralingam E, Eberl L. Production of the antifungal compound pyrrolnitrin is quorum sensing-regulated in members of theBurkholderia cepaciacomplex. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:1422-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Masoud H, Perry MB, Brisson JR, Uhrin D, Li J, Richards JC. Structural elucidation of the novel core oligosaccharide from LPS of Burkholderia cepacia serogroup O4. Glycobiology 2009; 19:462-71. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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39
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De Soyza A, Silipo A, Lanzetta R, Govan JR, Molinaro A. Chemical and biological features of Burkholderia cepacia complex lipopolysaccharides. Innate Immun 2008; 14:127-44. [PMID: 18562572 DOI: 10.1177/1753425908093984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex comprises 10 closely related Gram-negative organisms all of which appear capable of causing disease in humans. These organisms appear of particular relevance to patients with cystic fibrosis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important virulence determinant in Gram-negative pathogens. In this review, we highlight important data within the field commenting on LPS/lipid A structure-to-function relationships and cytokine induction capacity of Burkholderia strains studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony De Soyza
- Transplantation and Immunobiology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
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40
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HOAGLAND ROBERTE, BOYETTE CDOUGLAS, WEAVER MARKA, ABBAS HAMEDK. BIOHERBICIDES: RESEARCH AND RISKS. TOXIN REV 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15569540701603991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Compant S, Nowak J, Coenye T, Clément C, Ait Barka E. Diversity and occurrence of Burkholderia spp. in the natural environment. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2008; 32:607-26. [PMID: 18422616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both in natural and in managed ecosystems, bacteria are common inhabitants of the phytosphere and the internal tissues of plants. Probably the most diverse and environmentally adaptable plant-associated bacteria belong to the genus Burkholderia. This genus is well-known for its human, animal and plant pathogenic members, including the Burkholderia cepacia complex. However, it also contains species and strains that are beneficial to plants and can be potentially exploited in biotechnological processes. Here we present an overview of plant-associated Burkholderia spp. with special emphasis on beneficial plant-Burkholderia interactions. A discussion of the potential for utilization of stable plant-Burkholderia spp. associations in the development of low-input cropping systems is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Compant
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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42
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Identification and onion pathogenicity of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from the onion rhizosphere and onion field soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:3121-9. [PMID: 18344334 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01941-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex strains are genetically related but phenotypically diverse organisms that are important opportunistic pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF,) as well as pathogens of onion and banana, colonizers of the rhizospheres of many plant species, and common inhabitants of bulk soil. Genotypic identification and pathogenicity characterization were performed on B. cepacia complex isolates from the rhizosphere of onion and organic soils in Michigan. A total of 3,798 putative B. cepacia complex isolates were recovered on Pseudomonas cepacia azelaic acid tryptamine and trypan blue tetracycline semiselective media during the 2004 growing season from six commercial onion fields located in two counties in Michigan. Putative B. cepacia complex isolates were identified by hybridization to a 16S rRNA gene probe, followed by duplex PCR using primers targeted to the 16S rRNA gene and recA sequences and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the recA sequence. A total of 1,290 isolates, 980 rhizosphere and 310 soil isolates, were assigned to the species B. cepacia (160), B. cenocepacia (480), B. ambifaria (623), and B. pyrrocinia (27). The majority of isolates identified as B. cepacia (85%), B. cenocepacia (90%), and B. ambifaria (76%) were pathogenic in a detached onion bulb scale assay and caused symptoms of water soaking, maceration, and/or necrosis. A phylogenetic analysis of recA sequences from representative B. cepacia complex type and panel strains, along with isolates collected in this study, revealed that the B. cenocepacia isolates associated with onion grouped within the III-B lineage and that some strains were closely related to strain AU1054, which was isolated from a CF patient. This study revealed that multiple B. cepacia complex species colonize the onion rhizosphere and have the potential to cause sour skin rot disease of onion. In addition, the onion rhizosphere is a natural habitat and a potential environmental source of B. cenocepacia.
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43
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Vandamme P, Opelt K, Knöchel N, Berg C, Schönmann S, De Brandt E, Eberl L, Falsen E, Berg G. Burkholderia bryophila sp. nov. and Burkholderia megapolitana sp. nov., moss-associated species with antifungal and plant-growth-promoting properties. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 57:2228-2235. [PMID: 17911288 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyphasic taxonomic study including DNA-DNA reassociation experiments and an extensive biochemical characterization was performed on 14 Burkholderia isolates from moss gametophytes of nutrient-poor plant communities on the southern Baltic Sea coast in northern Germany. The strains were classified within two novel species, for which the names Burkholderia bryophila sp. nov. and Burkholderia megapolitana sp. nov. are proposed. The former species also includes isolates from grassland and agricultural soil collected in previous studies. Strains Burkholderia bryophila 1S18(T) (=LMG 23644(T) =CCUG 52993(T)) and Burkholderia megapolitana A3(T) (=LMG 23650(T) =CCUG 53006(T)) are the proposed type strains. They were isolated from Sphagnum rubellum and Aulacomnium palustre, respectively, growing in the 'Ribnitzer Grosses Moor' nature reserve (Mecklenburg-Pommern, Germany). All moss isolates of both novel species showed antifungal activity against phytopathogens as well as plant-growth-promoting properties.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiosis/physiology
- Antifungal Agents/metabolism
- Bryophyta/microbiology
- Burkholderia/classification
- Burkholderia/genetics
- Burkholderia/isolation & purification
- Burkholderia/metabolism
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genes, rRNA
- Germany
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Phylogeny
- Plant Growth Regulators/biosynthesis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vandamme
- Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, K.-L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katja Opelt
- Environmental Biotechnology, TU Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nadine Knöchel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Berg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Susan Schönmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstraße 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evie De Brandt
- Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, K.-L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstraße 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enevold Falsen
- Culture Collection, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Göteborg, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Environmental Biotechnology, TU Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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44
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Baldwin A, Mahenthiralingam E, Drevinek P, Vandamme P, Govan JR, Waine DJ, LiPuma JJ, Chiarini L, Dalmastri C, Henry DA, Speert DP, Honeybourne D, Maiden MCJ, Dowson CG. Environmental Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates in human infections. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13:458-61. [PMID: 17552100 PMCID: PMC2725883 DOI: 10.3201/eid1303.060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), found in many environments, are associated with clinical infections. Examining diverse species and strains from different environments with multilocus sequence typing, we identified >20% of 381 clinical isolates as indistinguishable from those in the environment. This finding links the natural environment with the emergence of many Bcc infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Baldwin
- Warwick University, Coventry, Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - John R. Govan
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - John J. LiPuma
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Luigi Chiarini
- Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie l’Energia e l’Ambiente Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Dalmastri
- Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie l’Energia e l’Ambiente Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah A. Henry
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David P. Speert
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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45
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Abstract
In this article, the authors outline some of the major historical events that signaled the need to better understand mechanisms of infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). The authors discuss general principles of infection control, focusing on issues of particular importance to patients who have CF. The authors also describe the major pathogens associated with the CF airway, provide a review of findings from inpatient and outpatient studies of infection control, and provide an outline of future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Zuckerman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, E-126 Given Building, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-0068, USA.
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46
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Savoia D, Zucca M. Clinical and environmental Burkholderia strains: biofilm production and intracellular survival. Curr Microbiol 2007; 54:440-4. [PMID: 17457645 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia species are important pulmonary pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Their ability to establish chronic and sometimes fatal infections seems linked to the quorum sensing-regulated expression of virulence factors. We examined 23 Burkholderia isolates, 19 obtained from CF patients and 4 from the environment, to evaluate their ability to form biofilm and to penetrate and replicate inside J774 macrophagic cells. Our results indicate that biofilm formation and intracellular survival are behavioral traits frequently expressed by Burkholderia strains isolated from CF patients. Successive isolates obtained from each of four chronically infected patients yielded bacteria consistently belonging to the same strain but showing increasing ability to replicate intracellularly and to produce biofilm, possibly due to in vivo bacterial microevolution driven by the selective lung environmental conditions. Protection against antimicrobials granted to burkholderiae by the expression of these two virulence factors might account for the frequent failures of antibiotic treatment in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianella Savoia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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47
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Mao S, Lee SJ, Hwangbo H, Kim YW, Park KH, Cha GS, Park RD, Kim KY. Isolation and characterization of antifungal substances from Burkholderia sp. culture broth. Curr Microbiol 2006; 53:358-64. [PMID: 17066340 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new antagonistic Burkholderia strain, designated MP-1 and producing antifungal activities against various filamentous plant pathogenic fungi, was isolated from the rhizoshere in the Naju area. Cultural characteristic studies strongly suggested that this strain belongs to the genus Burkholderia. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene (1491 pb) of strain MP-1 exhibited close similarity (99% to 100%) with other Burkholderia 16S rRNA genes. Extraction of fermentation broth of Burkholderia sp. MP-1 and various separations and purification steps led to isolation of four pure active molecules. The chemical structure of these four compounds-named phenylacetic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate methyl ester-was established on the basis on their gas chromatography-electron impact-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) and trimethylsilation GC-EI-MS data. The four isolated compounds inhibited filamentous fungal growth on potato dextrose agar medium supplemented with 100 mg/L of phenylacetic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate methyl ester individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopheareth Mao
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Environmental-Friendly Agriculture Research Center, Chonnam National University, Yong-Bong Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, South Korea
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Elborn
- Respiratory Medicine Group, Queens' University of Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland.
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49
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Rosenblueth M, Martínez-Romero E. Bacterial endophytes and their interactions with hosts. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2006; 19:827-37. [PMID: 16903349 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-19-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent molecular studies on endophytic bacterial diversity have revealed a large richness of species. Endophytes promote plant growth and yield, suppress pathogens, may help to remove contaminants, solubilize phosphate, or contribute assimilable nitrogen to plants. Some endophytes are seedborne, but others have mechanisms to colonize the plants that are being studied. Bacterial mutants unable to produce secreted proteins are impaired in the colonization process. Plant genes expressed in the presence of endophytes provide clues as to the effects of endophytes in plants. Molecular analysis showed that plant defense responses limit bacterial populations inside plants. Some human pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., have been found as endophytes, and these bacteria are not removed by disinfection procedures that eliminate superficially occurring bacteria. Delivery of endophytes to the environment or agricultural fields should be carefully evaluated to avoid introducing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rosenblueth
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autóma de México, Apdo. Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca, México
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50
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Ohtsubo Y, Goto H, Nagata Y, Kudo T, Tsuda M. Identification of a response regulator gene for catabolite control from a PCB-degrading beta-proteobacteria, Acidovorax sp. KKS102. Mol Microbiol 2006; 60:1563-75. [PMID: 16796688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acidovorax sp. (formally Pseudomonas sp.) strain KKS102 carries a bph operon for the degradation of PCB/biphenyl. Transcription from the pE promoter for the bph operon was found to be under catabolite control, i.e. the promoter activity was at a lower level when succinate, fumarate or acetate was added to the culture. Some mutations in the immediate upstream region of the pE promoter resulted in catabolite-insensitive and constitutively low promoter activity, suggesting that a transcriptional activator was involved in catabolite control. A genetic screen for a pE promoter activator identified two tandemly arranged genes, bphP and bphQ, that encoded proteins homologous to the sensor kinases and response regulators, respectively, of two-component regulatory system. In the bphPQ double mutant, pE promoter activity was weak and catabolite-insensitive, and a supply of the bphQ gene alone led to the restoration of the catabolite response. The mechanism of catabolite repression in KKS102 is explained in terms of inhibition of activation by BphQ. The genes highly similar to bphQ were found from several beta-proteobacteria, such as Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315, B. multivorans ATCC17616, B. xenovorans LB400 and Ralstonia solanacearum RS1085.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Ohtsubo
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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