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Amit LN, Mori D, John JL, Chin AZ, Mosiun AK, Jeffree MS, Ahmed K. Emergence of equine-like G3 strains as the dominant rotavirus among children under five with diarrhea in Sabah, Malaysia during 2018-2019. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254784. [PMID: 34320003 PMCID: PMC8318246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus infection is a dilemma for developing countries, including Malaysia. Although commercial rotavirus vaccines are available, these are not included in Malaysia's national immunization program. A scarcity of data about rotavirus genotype distribution could be partially to blame for this policy decision, because there are no data for rotavirus genotype distribution in Malaysia over the past 20 years. From January 2018 to March 2019, we conducted a study to elucidate the rotavirus burden and genotype distribution in the Kota Kinabalu and Kunak districts of the state of Sabah. Stool specimens were collected from children under 5 years of age, and rotavirus antigen in these samples was detected using commercially available kit. Electropherotypes were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of genomic RNA. G and P genotypes were determined by RT-PCR using type specific primers. The nucleotide sequence of the amplicons was determined by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed by neighbor-joining method. Rotavirus was identified in 43 (15.1%) children with watery diarrhea. The male:female ratio (1.9:1) of the rotavirus-infected children clearly showed that it affected predominantly boys, and children 12-23 months of age. The genotypes identified were G3P[8] (74% n = 31), followed by G1P[8] (14% n = 6), G12P[6](7% n = 3), G8P[8](3% n = 1), and GxP[8] (3% n = 1). The predominant rotavirus circulating among the children was the equine-like G3P[8] (59.5% n = 25) with a short electropherotype. Eleven electropherotypes were identified among 34 strains, indicating substantial diversity among the circulating strains. The circulating genotypes were also phylogenetically diverse and related to strains from several different countries. The antigenic epitopes present on VP7 and VP4 of Sabahan G3 and equine-like G3 differed considerably from that of the RotaTeq vaccine strain. Our results also indicate that considerable genetic exchange is occurring in Sabahan strains. Sabah is home to a number of different ethnic groups, some of which culturally are in close contact with animals, which might contribute to the evolution of diverse rotavirus strains. Sabah is also a popular tourist destination, and a large number of tourists from different countries possibly contributes to the diversity of circulating rotavirus genotypes. Considering all these factors which are contributing rotavirus genotype diversity, continuous surveillance of rotavirus strains is of utmost importance to monitor the pre- and post-vaccination efficacy of rotavirus vaccines in Sabah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Natasha Amit
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jecelyn Leaslie John
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Abraham Zefong Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Andau Konodan Mosiun
- Kunak District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kunak, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Saffree Jeffree
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kamruddin Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Molecular Characterisation of a Rare Reassortant Porcine-Like G5P[6] Rotavirus Strain Detected in an Unvaccinated Child in Kasama, Zambia. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080663. [PMID: 32824526 PMCID: PMC7460411 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A human-porcine reassortant strain, RVA/Human-wt/ZMB/UFS-NGS-MRC-DPRU4723/2014/G5P[6], was identified in a sample collected in 2014 from an unvaccinated 12 month old male hospitalised for gastroenteritis in Zambia. We sequenced and characterised the complete genome of this strain which presented the constellation: G5-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. The genotype A8 is often observed in porcine strains. Phylogenetic analyses showed that VP6, VP7, NSP2, NSP4, and NSP5 genes were closely related to cognate gene sequences of porcine strains (e.g., RVA/Pig-wt/CHN/DZ-2/2013/G5P[X] for VP7) from the NCBI database, while VP1, VP3, VP4, and NSP3 were closely related to porcine-like human strains (e.g., RVA/Human-wt/CHN/E931/2008/G4P[6] for VP1, and VP3). On the other hand, the origin of the VP2 was not clear from our analyses, as it was not only close to both porcine (e.g., RVA/Pig-tc/CHN/SWU-1C/2018/G9P[13]) and porcine-like human strains (e.g., RVA/Human-wt/LKA/R1207/2009/G4P[6]) but also to three human strains (e.g., RVA/Human-wt/USA/1476/1974/G1P[8]). The VP7 gene was located in lineage II that comprised only porcine strains, which suggests the occurrence of independent porcine-to-human reassortment events. The study strain may have collectively been derived through interspecies transmission, or through reassortment event(s) involving strains of porcine and porcine-like human origin. The results of this study underline the importance of whole-genome characterisation of rotavirus strains and provide insights into interspecies transmissions from porcine to humans.
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Do LP, Kaneko M, Nakagomi T, Gauchan P, Agbemabiese CA, Dang AD, Nakagomi O. Molecular epidemiology of Rotavirus A, causing acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations among children in Nha Trang, Vietnam, 2007-2008: Identification of rare G9P[19] and G10P[14] strains. J Med Virol 2016; 89:621-631. [PMID: 27611738 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) causes acute diarrhea in children as well as animals. As part of a cross-sectional study of children less than 5 years of age hospitalized for acute diarrhea in Vietnam during a 15-month period (2007-2008), 322 (43.5%) of 741 fecal specimens contained RVA with 92% either G1P[8] or G3P[8]. This study was undertaken to further characterize strains that remained untypeable to complete the G and P genotypes of the 322 rotavirus-positive specimens. While 307 (95.3%) strains possessed the common human RVA genotypes: G1P[8] (45.0%), G2P[4] (2.8%), G3P[8] (46.9%), and G9P[8] (0.6%), sequencing of initially untypeable specimens revealed the presence of two unusual strains designated NT0073 and NT0082 possessing G9P[19] and G10P[14], respectively. The genotype constellation of NT0073 (G9-P[19]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1) and the phylogenetic trees suggested its origin as a porcine RVA strain causing diarrhea in a 24-month-old girl whereas the genotype constellation of NT0082 (G10-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3) and the phylogenetic trees suggested its origin as an RVA strain of artiodactyl origin (such as cattle, sheep and goats) causing diarrhea in a 13-month-old boy. This study showed that RVA strains of animal host origin were not necessarily attenuated in humans. A hypothesis may be postulated that P[19] and P[14] VP4 spike proteins helped the virus to replicate in the human intestine but that efficient onward human-to-human spread after crossing the host species barrier may require the virus to obtain some additional features as there was no evidence of widespread transmission with the limited sampling performed over the study period. J. Med. Virol. 89:621-631, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loan Phuong Do
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Miho Kaneko
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toyoko Nakagomi
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Centre for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Punita Gauchan
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chantal Ama Agbemabiese
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Anh Duc Dang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Osamu Nakagomi
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Centre for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Reperant LA, Brown IH, Haenen OL, de Jong MD, Osterhaus ADME, Papa A, Rimstad E, Valarcher JF, Kuiken T. Companion Animals as a Source of Viruses for Human Beings and Food Production Animals. J Comp Pathol 2016; 155:S41-53. [PMID: 27522300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. Despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. Therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viruses and viruses of food production animals, and prioritized these viruses in terms of human health and economic importance. In total, 138 virus species reportedly capable of infecting companion animals were of concern for human and food production animal health: 59 of these viruses were infectious for human beings, 135 were infectious for food production mammals and birds, and 22 were infectious for food production fishes. Viruses of highest concern for human health included hantaviruses, Tahyna virus, rabies virus, West Nile virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, Aichi virus, European bat lyssavirus, hepatitis E virus, cowpox virus, G5 rotavirus, influenza A virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Viruses of highest concern for food production mammals and birds included bluetongue virus, African swine fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, lumpy skin disease virus, Rift Valley fever virus, porcine circovirus, classical swine fever virus, equine herpesvirus 9, peste des petits ruminants virus and equine infectious anaemia virus. Viruses of highest concern for food production fishes included cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (koi herpesvirus), viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Of particular concern as sources of zoonotic or food production animal viruses were domestic carnivores, rodents and food production animals kept as companion animals. The current list of viruses provides an objective basis for more in-depth analysis of the risk of companion animals as sources of viruses for human and food production animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Reperant
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I H Brown
- Animal and Plant Health Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - O L Haenen
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Shellfish and Crustacean Diseases, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - M D de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Rimstad
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - J-F Valarcher
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Do LP, Doan YH, Nakagomi T, Kaneko M, Gauchan P, Ngo CT, Nguyen MB, Yamashiro T, Dang AD, Nakagomi O. Molecular characterisation of wild-type G1P[8] and G3P[8] rotaviruses isolated in Vietnam 2008 during a vaccine trial. Arch Virol 2015; 161:833-50. [PMID: 26711453 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus vaccines work better in developed countries than in developing countries, leading to the question of whether the circulating strains are different in these two settings. In 2008, a clinical trial of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine was performed in Nha Trang, Vietnam, in which the efficacy was reported to be 64 %. Although samples were collected independently from the clinical trial, we examined faecal specimens from children hospitalised for rotavirus diarrhoea and found that G3P[8] and G1P[8] were co-dominant at the time of the clinical trial. The aim of this study was to explore whether they were divergent from the strains circulating in the developed countries where the vaccine efficacy is high. Two G3P[8] and two G1P[8] strains that were regarded as representatives based on their electropherotypes were selected for full-genome sequencing. The genotype constellation was G1/G3-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. All but the VP4 genes, one of which belonged to the emerging P[8]b genotype (OP354-like VP4), clustered into one or more lineages/alleles with the strains circulating in developed countries, with ≥97.5 % nucleotide sequence identity. Additionally, 10 G1 and 12 G3 VP7 sequences as well as 31 VP4 sequences were determined. No amino acid differences were observed between the Vietnamese strains and strains in the developed countries that were likely to have affected the neutralisation specificity of their VP7 and VP4. In conclusion, apart from prevalent P[8]b VP4, virtually no differences were observed between the predominant strains circulating in Vietnam at the time of the clinical trial and the strains in the developed countries; hence, the lower vaccine efficacy was more likely to be due to factors other than strain divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Do
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Y H Doan
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Virology 2, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Nakagomi
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - M Kaneko
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - P Gauchan
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - C T Ngo
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - M B Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T Yamashiro
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - A D Dang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - O Nakagomi
- Department of Hygiene and Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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Evolution of a G6P[6] rotavirus strain isolated from a child with acute gastroenteritis in Ghana, 2012. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2219-2231. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Association between norovirus and rotavirus infection and histo-blood group antigen types in Vietnamese children. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:1366-74. [PMID: 24523471 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02927-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus and rotavirus are the two most important causes of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Both norovirus and rotavirus recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), and multiple binding patterns for HBGAs have been reported. To explore the role of HBGAs in host susceptibility to norovirus and rotavirus, we conducted a cross-sectional study in children hospitalized with diarrhea in northern Vietnam from September 2010 through September 2012. Of 260 children with paired stool and saliva samples, 158 (61%) were classified as HBGA secretors (Lea-b+), 31 (12%) were nonsecretors (Lea+b-), and 71 (27%) were partial secretors (Lea+b+). Norovirus was detected in 50 patients (19%), with viral genotypes GII.3 (n=28) and GII.4 (n=22) being the most common. All children infected with norovirus strains of genotype GII.4 were either HBGA secretors or partial secretors. Of the 28 GII.3 cases, 12 involved HBGA secretors, 11 partial secretors, and 5 nonsecretors. A total of 85 children tested positive for rotavirus, 74 of whom were infected with genotype P[8], 5 with P[4], and 6 with P[6]; all were HBGA secretors or partial secretors. This is the first epidemiological study demonstrating in a population that HBGA phenotype is a key susceptibility factor for both norovirus and rotavirus infections in children.
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Lachapelle V, Sohal JS, Lambert MC, Brassard J, Fravalo P, Letellier A, L’Homme Y. Genetic diversity of group A rotavirus in swine in Canada. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1771-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Okadera K, Abe M, Ito N, Morikawa S, Yamasaki A, Masatani T, Nakagawa K, Yamaoka S, Sugiyama M. Evidence of natural transmission of group A rotavirus between domestic pigs and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Japan. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 20:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Matsuoka T, Yodoshi T, Sugai M, Hiyane M, Matsuoka T, Akeda H, Ohfu M, Komoto S, Taniguchi K. A Case of Mild Encephalopathy with a Reversible Splenial Lesion Associated with G5P[6]Rotavirus Infection. Case Rep Pediatr 2013; 2013:197163. [PMID: 24324908 PMCID: PMC3845239 DOI: 10.1155/2013/197163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) associated with acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus (RV) infection. The patient (male, 4 years and 3 months old) was admitted to our hospital for diarrhea and afebrile seizures. Head MRI revealed a hyperintense signal in the splenium of the corpus callosum on DWI and a hypointense signal on the ADC-map. After awakening from sedation, the patient's disturbance of consciousness improved. On day 5 after admission of the illness, the patient was discharged from the hospital in a good condition. Electroencephalography on day 2 after admission was normal. On day 8 of admission, head MRI revealed that the splenial lesion had disappeared. RV antigen-positive stools suggested that RV had caused MERS. This RV genotype was considered to be G5P[6]; it may have spread to humans as a strain reassortment through substitution of porcine RV into human RV gene segments. This extremely rare genotype was detected first in Japan and is not covered by existing vaccines; this is the first sample isolated from encephalopathy patients. Few reports have investigated RV genotypes in encephalopathy; we believe that this case is valuable for studying the relationship between genotypes and clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Pediatric Neurology & General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center & Children's Medical Center, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yodoshi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology & General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center & Children's Medical Center, Japan
| | - Misaki Sugai
- Division of Pediatric Neurology & General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center & Children's Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masato Hiyane
- Division of Pediatric Neurology & General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center & Children's Medical Center, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuoka
- Division of Pediatric Neurology & General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center & Children's Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hideki Akeda
- Division of Pediatric Neurology & General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center & Children's Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ohfu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology & General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center & Children's Medical Center, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
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Komoto S, Maeno Y, Tomita M, Matsuoka T, Ohfu M, Yodoshi T, Akeda H, Taniguchi K. Whole genomic analysis of a porcine-like human G5P[6] rotavirus strain isolated from a child with diarrhoea and encephalopathy in Japan. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1568-1575. [PMID: 23515025 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.051011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
An unusual rotavirus strain, Ryukyu-1120, with G5P[6] genotypes (RVA/Human-wt/JPN/Ryukyu-1120/2011/G5P[6]) was identified in a stool specimen from a hospitalized child aged 4 years who showed diarrhoea and encephalopathy. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete genome of strain Ryukyu-1120. On whole genomic analysis, this strain was found to have a unique genotype constellation: G5-P[6]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. The VP6 and NSP1 genotypes I5 and A8 are those commonly found in porcine strains. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicated that each of the 11 genes of strain Ryukyu-1120 appeared to be of porcine origin. Thus, strain Ryukyu-1120 was found to have a porcine rotavirus genetic backbone and is likely to be of porcine origin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of whole-genome-based characterization of the emerging G5P[6] strains in Asian countries. Our observations will provide important insights into the origin of G5P[6] strains and the dynamic interactions between human and porcine rotavirus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Maeno
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Mayuko Tomita
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Haebaru-cho, Okinawa 901-1193, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ohfu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Haebaru-cho, Okinawa 901-1193, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yodoshi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Haebaru-cho, Okinawa 901-1193, Japan
| | - Hideki Akeda
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and General, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Haebaru-cho, Okinawa 901-1193, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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Mladenova Z, Papp H, Lengyel G, Kisfali P, Steyer A, Steyer AF, Esona MD, Iturriza-Gómara M, Bányai K. Detection of rare reassortant G5P[6] rotavirus, Bulgaria. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1676-84. [PMID: 22850117 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the ongoing rotavirus strain surveillance program conducted in Bulgaria, an unusual human rotavirus A (RVA) strain, RVA/Human/BG/BG620/2008/G5P[6], was identified among 2200 genotyped Bulgarian RVAs. This strain showed the following genomic configuration: G5-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. Phylogenetic analysis of the genes encoding the neutralization proteins and backbone genes identified a probable mixture of RVA genes of human and porcine origin. The VP1, VP6 and NSP2 genes were more closely related to typical human rotavirus strains. The remaining eight genes were either closely related to typical porcine and unusual human-porcine reassortant rotavirus strains or were equally distant from reference human and porcine strains. This study is the first to report an unusual rotavirus isolate with G5P[6] genotype in Europe which has most likely emerged from zoonotic transmission. The absence of porcine rotavirus sequence data from this area did not permit to assess if the suspected ancestral zoonotic porcine strain already had human rotavirus genes in its genome when transmitted from pig to human, or, the transmission was coupled or followed by gene reassortment event(s). Because our strain shared no neutralization antigens with rotavirus vaccines used for routine immunization in children, attention is needed to monitor if this G-P combination will be able to emerge in human populations. A better understanding of the ecology of rotavirus zoonoses requires simultaneous monitoring of rotavirus strains in humans and animals.
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Saikruang W, Khamrin P, Chaimongkol N, Suantai B, Kongkaew A, Kongkaew S, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N. Genetic diversity and novel combinations of G4P[19] and G9P[19] porcine rotavirus strains in Thailand. Vet Microbiol 2012; 161:255-62. [PMID: 22884282 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies reported the detection of rotavirus strains bearing unusual combinations of genetic background of human and porcine rotaviruses. This observation supports the hypothesis of interspecies transmission of rotaviruses in humans and pigs. The aims of this study were to investigate the genotypes and molecular characteristics of rotaviruses in piglets with diarrhea in several farms from two provinces in Thailand. A total of 207 fecal specimens collected from diarrheic piglets were screened for the presence of groups A, B, and C rotaviruses. Group A rotaviruses were detected in 41 out of 207 (19.8%) fecal specimens tested. A wide variety of G-P combination rotavirus strains were detected in this study. The G4P[6] was identified as the most prevalent genotype (39.0%), followed by G4P[23] (12.2%), G3P[23] (7.3%), G4P[19] (7.3%), G3P[6] (4.9%), G3P[13] (4.9%), G3P[19] (4.9%), G9P[13] (4.9%), G9P[19] (4.9%), G5P[6], and G5P[13] each of 2.4%. Furthermore, G5 and G9 in combinations with P-nontypeable strains were also found at each consisting of 2.4% (n=1) of the collection. It was interesting to note that among diversified porcine rotavirus strains, novel combinations of G4P[19] and G9P[19] strains were detected for the first time in this study. Nucleotide sequences of VP4 and VP7 of these strains were closely related to human rotaviruses reported previously. The data implies that these porcine rotaviruses were probably generated in nature from the reassortment between the viruses of human and porcine origin. This study provides valuable epidemiological information and molecular characteristics of porcine rotaviruses circulating in piglets with diarrhea in northern Thailand.
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14
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Hwang KP, Wu FT, Bányai K, Wu HS, Yang DCF, Huang YC, Lin JS, Hsiung CA, Huang JC, Jiang B, Gentsch JR. Identification of porcine rotavirus-like genotype P[6] strains in Taiwanese children. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:990-997. [PMID: 22466032 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.042499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular characterization of genotype P[6] rotavirus strains collected from children admitted to hospital with acute dehydrating diarrhoea during a 6-year surveillance period in Taiwan is described in this study. In total, three G4P[6] strains, one G5P[6] and one G12P[6] were characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the VP4, VP7, VP6 and NSP4 genes. Whilst all four genes of the single Taiwanese G12P[6] strain clustered with the respective genes of globally common human rotavirus strains, the G4 and G5 strains showed remarkable similarities to porcine rotavirus strains and putative porcine-origin human P[19] strains reported previously from Taiwan. The overall proportion of porcine rotavirus-like strains in Taiwan remains around 1 % among hospitalized children; however, the circulation and sporadic transmission of these heterotypic strains from pigs to humans could pose a public-health concern. Therefore, continuation of strain monitoring is needed in the vaccine era to detect any possible vaccine breakthrough events associated with the introduction of such heterologous rotavirus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao-Pin Hwang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University School of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Fang-Tzy Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC.,Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan ROC
| | | | - Ho-Sheng Wu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC.,Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taiwan ROC
| | | | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jen-Shiou Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jason C Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Baoming Jiang
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jon R Gentsch
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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Thiem VD, Schmidt WP, Suzuki M, Tho LH, Yanai H, Ariyoshi K, Anh DD, Yoshida LM. Animal livestock and the risk of hospitalized diarrhoea in children under 5 years in Vietnam. Trop Med Int Health 2012; 17:613-21. [PMID: 22420406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.02969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between environmental exposure to livestock and incidence of diarrhoea among Vietnamese children. METHODS A population-based cohort of 353,525 individuals, living in 75,828 households in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, with baseline data covering geo-referenced information on demography, socio-economic status and household animals was investigated. Geographic information system was applied to calculate the density of livestock. The data were linked to hospitalized diarrhoea cases of children under 5 years recorded at two hospitals treating patients from the area as inpatients in the study area. RESULTS Overall, 3116 children with diarrhoea were hospitalized during the study period. The incidence of diarrhoea hospitalization was 60.8/1000 child-years. Male gender, age <2 years, higher number of household members and lack of tap water were significantly associated with an increased risk of diarrhoea. There was no evidence that ownership of livestock increased the risk of diarrhoea. In spatial analysis, we found no evidence that a high density of any animals was associated with an increased risk of diarrhoea. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to animals near or in households does not seem to constitute a major risk for diarrhoea in children under the age of 5 in Vietnam. Public health interventions to reduce childhood diarrhoea burden should focus on well-recognized causes such as sanitation, personal hygiene, access to adequate clean water supply and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Dinh Thiem
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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16
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Sdiri-Loulizi K, Ambert-Balay K, Gharbi-Khelifi H, Hassine M, Chouchane S, Sakly N, Neji-Guédiche M, Pothier P, Aouni M. Molecular epidemiology and clinical characterization of group A rotavirus infections in Tunisian children with acute gastroenteritis. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:810-9. [PMID: 21942357 DOI: 10.1139/w11-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in early childhood worldwide. Thus, the objectives of our study were to determine the molecular epidemiology and the clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Tunisia. Between January 2003 and April 2007, a prospective study was conducted on 788 stool samples collected from children under 12 years of age who were suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus was detected by multiplex RT-PCR in 27% (n = 213) of samples, among them 79.3% (n = 169) cases were monoinfections. The frequency of rotavirus infections was significantly higher among inpatients (29%) than among outpatients (13%) (P < 0.001). The seasonal distribution of rotavirus diarrhea showed a winter peak, with an unusual peak from June to September. The mean duration of hospitalization was 6.5 ± 8.1 days and the mean age was 15.8 ± 22.8 months for rotavirus monoinfections. Fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dehydration were observed in 88, 98, 13, and 80 cases, respectively, in children with rotavirus monoinfections. G3P[8] (45.6%) and G1P[8] (23.9%) were the most common genotypes found in our study. The determination of rotavirus infection prevalence and the characterization of the rotavirus strains circulating will help us to better understand the molecular biology and epidemiology of the disease in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khira Sdiri-Loulizi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biological Agents, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia.
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17
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Wu FT, Bányai K, Huang JC, Wu HS, Chang FY, Yang JY, Hsiung CA, Huang YC, Lin JS, Hwang KP, Jiang B, Gentsch JR. Diverse origin of P[19] rotaviruses in children with acute diarrhea in Taiwan: Detection of novel lineages of the G3, G5, and G9 VP7 genes. J Med Virol 2011; 83:1279-87. [PMID: 21567431 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the detection of genotype P[19] rotavirus strains from children hospitalized with acute dehydrating diarrhea during a 5-year surveillance period in Taiwan. The characterization of five P[19] strains (0.4% of all typed), including three G3P[19], a novel G5P[19], and a unique G9P[19] genotype is described in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4, VP7, VP6, and NSP4 genes was performed, which demonstrated novel lineages for respective genotypes of the VP4 and the VP7 genes. The sequence similarities of the P[19] VP4 gene among Taiwanese human strains was higher (nt, 91.5-96.2%; aa, 93.7-97.6%) than to other P[19] strains (nt, 83.5-86.6%; aa, 89.4-94.1%) from different regions of the world. The VP7 gene of the three G3P[19] Taiwanese strains shared up to 93.4% nt and 97.5% aa identity to each other but had lower similarity to reference strain sequences available in GenBank (nt, <90.1%; aa, <95.6%). Similarly, the VP7 gene of the novel G5P[19] strain was only moderately related to the VP7 gene of reference G5 strains (nt, 82.2-87.3%; aa, 87.0-93.1%), while the VP7 gene of the single G9P[19] strain was genetically distinct from other known human and animal G9 rotavirus strains (nt, ≤ 92.0%; aa, ≤ 95.7%). Together, these findings suggest that the Taiwanese P[19] strains originated by independent interspecies transmission events. Synchronized surveillance of human and animal rotaviruses in Taiwan should identify possible hosts of these uncommon human rotavirus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tzy Wu
- Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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da Silva MFM, Tort LFL, Gómez MM, Assis RMS, de Mendonça MCL, Volotão EDM, Leite JPG. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1, VP2, and VP3 gene segments of genotype G5 group A rotavirus strains circulating in Brazil between 1986 and 2005. Virus Res 2011; 160:381-8. [PMID: 21827799 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genotype G5 group A rotavirus (RV-A), which is common in pigs and also detected in horses and cattle, circulated as endemic genotype in the 1980s and early 1990s in Brazil. After 1996, G5 RV-A has been replaced by G9 RV-A, becoming only sporadically detected. Recently, G5 has been reported in children with severe diarrhea in Argentina, Cameroon, Paraguay, People's Republic of China, and Vietnam, suggesting that, although uncommon in humans, it has a worldwide distribution. In a previous study, Brazilian G5 RV-A VP7 gene analysis demonstrated the existence of three main lineages: I, II, and III; all Brazilian strains and three porcine strains from Thailand grouped inside Lineage I. The VP8(*) subunit of VP4 gene showed that all P[8] strains fell into three major genetic lineages: P[8]-1; P[8]-2; and P[8]-3. Partial sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of VP1, VP2 and VP3 genes of P[8]G5 human RV-A strains were determined from 28 Brazilian strains collected from 1986 to 2005. The VP1-VP3 partial sequences analysis showed that the Brazilian strains have high amino acid identity with the human RV-A prototype IAL28 and other Wa-like genogroup strains. It was also shown that G5 RV-A Brazilian VP1-VP3 and VP7 sequences have a similar pattern of gouping: The study strains and the G5 prototype strain IAL-28 grouped together, while other prototypes, like OSU grouped separately. These results suggest that the core protein genes (VP1-VP3) of the G5 RV-A Brazilian strains might have originated from porcine and human strains. Phylogenetic analyses of VP7, VP4, VP1, VP2, and VP3 genes of P[8]G5 strains revealed a conserved genomic constellation (G5-P[8]-R1-C1-M1) with sequence similarity to Wa-like strains: IAL28, Wa, BE00048, CK00032, CK00033, DC4772 and DC1898, suggesting that despite the differences in genotypes (i.e., G5, G1 and G3) these viruses are genetically similar. The results presented here are fundamental to understand the epidemiology and evolution of genotype G5 RV-A and demonstrate the importance of continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of RV-A strains circulating in human and animal populations.
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19
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da Silva MFM, Tort LFL, Goméz MM, Assis RMS, Volotão EDM, de Mendonça MCL, Bello G, Leite JPG. VP7 Gene of human rotavirus A genotype G5: Phylogenetic analysis reveals the existence of three different lineages worldwide. J Med Virol 2011; 83:357-66. [PMID: 21181934 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RV-A) genotype G5, which is common in pigs, was also detected in children with severe diarrhea in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Cameroon, China, Thailand, and Vietnam. To evaluate the evolutionary relationship among RV-A G5 strains, the VP7 and VP4 genes of 28 Brazilian RV-A G5 human strains, sampled between 1986 and 2005, were sequenced and compared with other RV-A G5 strains currently circulating worldwide in animals and humans. The phylogenetic analysis of RV-A G5 VP7 gene strains demonstrates the existence of three main lineages: (a) Lineage I: Brazilian strains grouped with three porcine strains from Thailand; (b) Lineage II: porcine, bovine, and equine strains from different regions; (c) Lineage III: human strains isolated in Asia and Africa, and two porcine strains from Argentina. The VP8* (*non-typable) subunit of VP4 gene sequencing showed that all P[8] strains fell into three major genetic lineages: P[8]-1; P[8]-2; and P[8]-3. These results showed that the RV-A G5 strains circulating in humans are the result of two independent zoonotic transmission events, most likely from pigs.
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20
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Wang YH, Kobayashi N, Nagashima S, Zhou X, Ghosh S, Peng JS, Hu Q, Zhou DJ, Yang ZQ. Full genomic analysis of a porcine-bovine reassortant G4P[6] rotavirus strain R479 isolated from an infant in China. J Med Virol 2010; 82:1094-102. [PMID: 20419827 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During the 2004 surveillance of rotaviruses in Wuhan, China, a G4P[6] rotavirus strain R479 was isolated from a stool specimen collected from a 2-year-old child with diarrhea. The strain R479 had an uncommon subgroup specificity I + II, and analysis of the VP6 gene suggested that it was related to porcine rotaviruses. In the present study, full-length nucleotide sequences of all the RNA segments of R479 were determined and analyzed phylogenetically to identify the origin of individual RNA segments. According to the rotavirus genotyping system based on 11 RNA segments, the genotype of R479 was expressed as G4-P[6]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T7-E1-H1. This genotype includes the porcine-like VP6 genotype (I5) and bovine-like NSP3 genotype (T7). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that R479 genes encoding VP1, VP2, VP3, VP6, VP7, VP8*, NSP1, NSP4, and NSP5 were more closely related to those of porcine rotaviruses than human or other animal rotaviruses. In contrast, it was remarkable that the NSP3 gene of R479 was genetically closely related to only a bovine rotavirus strain UK. The NSP2 gene of R479 was also unique and clustered with only the G5P[8] human strain IAL28 and G3P[24] simian strain TUCH. These results suggested that R479 may be a reassortant virus having the NSP3 gene from a bovine rotavirus in the genetic background of a porcine rotavirus, with an NSP2 gene related to the porcine-human reassortant strain IAL28. To our knowledge, R479 is the first porcine-bovine reassortant rotavirus isolated from a human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Wang
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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21
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Mitui MT, Bozdayi G, Dalgic B, Bostanci I, Nishizono A, Ahmed K. Molecular characterization of a human group C rotavirus detected first in Turkey. Virus Genes 2009; 39:157. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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22
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Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea among children in Haiphong, Vietnam: The emergence of G3 rotavirus. Vaccine 2009; 27 Suppl 5:F75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Martella V, Bányai K, Matthijnssens J, Buonavoglia C, Ciarlet M. Zoonotic aspects of rotaviruses. Vet Microbiol 2009; 140:246-55. [PMID: 19781872 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses are important enteric pathogens of humans and animals. Group A rotaviruses (GARVs) account for up to 1 million children deaths each year, chiefly in developing countries and human vaccines are now available in many countries. Rotavirus-associated enteritis is a major problem in livestock animals, notably in young calves and piglets. Early in the epidemiological GARV studies in humans, either sporadic cases or epidemics by atypical, animal-like GARV strains were described. Complete genome sequencing of human and animal GARV strains has revealed a striking genetic heterogeneity in the 11 double stranded RNA segments across different rotavirus strains and has provided evidence for frequent intersections between the evolution of human and animal rotaviruses, as a result of multiple, repeated events of interspecies transmission and subsequent adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Martella
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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24
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Mukherjee A, Dutta D, Ghosh S, Bagchi P, Chattopadhyay S, Nagashima S, Kobayashi N, Dutta P, Krishnan T, Naik TN, Chawla-Sarkar M. Full genomic analysis of a human group A rotavirus G9P[6] strain from Eastern India provides evidence for porcine-to-human interspecies transmission. Arch Virol 2009; 154:733-46. [PMID: 19333549 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a group A rotavirus G9P[6] strain (designated as mcs/13-07), detected from a 3-year-old child in Eastern India, revealed a VP8* closely related to porcine P[6] strains (P[6] sublineage 1D), and the VP7 clustered with G9 lineage-III strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of human P[6] strain clustering in sublineage Id. Thus, to further characterize the evolutionary diversity of strain mcs/13-07, all gene segments were analyzed. VP6 and NSP4 exhibited genetic relatedness to Wa-like human subgroup II strains, while VP1-3, NSP1-3 and NSP5 were closely related to porcine strains. Based on the new classification system of rotaviruses, mcs/13-07 revealed a G9-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 genotype with close similarity to human Wa-like and porcine Gottfried strains. Therefore, considering the porcine-like or porcine origin of multiple gene segments, it might be tempting to assume that strain mcs/13-07 represents a rare instance of whole-virus transmission from pig to human, after which the virus evolved with time. Alternatively, it is possible that strain mcs/13-07 resulted from multiple reassortment events involving human subgroup II and porcine P[6] strains. Nevertheless, detection of strain mcs/13-07 provides further evidence for complex interspecies transmission events, which are frequent in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 C.I.T. Road Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India
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25
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Esona MD, Geyer A, Banyai K, Page N, Aminu M, Armah GE, Hull J, Steele DA, Glass RI, Gentsch JR. Novel human rotavirus genotype G5P[7] from child with diarrhea, Cameroon. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:83-6. [PMID: 19116059 PMCID: PMC2662634 DOI: 10.3201/eid1501.080899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We report characterization of a genotype G5P[7] human rotavirus (HRV) from a child in Cameroon who had diarrhea. Sequencing of all 11 gene segments showed similarities to >5 genes each from porcine and human rotaviruses. This G5P[7] strain exemplifies the importance of heterologous animal rotaviruses in generating HRV genetic diversity through reassortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew D Esona
- Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Abstract
During a 1-year rotavirus surveillance of children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Brescia Hospital, Italy, a chimerical rotavirus strain, G3P[6], was detected, displaying the VP7 and VP4 genes of porcine origin and the NSP4 and VP6 genes of human origin. The reassortant nature of the virus rules out a direct zoonotic event.
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27
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Nguyen T, Hoang L, Pham L, Hoang K, Okitsu S, Mizuguchi M, Ushijima H. Use of sequence analysis of the VP4 gene to classify recent Vietnamese rotavirus isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:235-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Nguyen TA, Khamrin P, Trinh QD, Phan TG, Pham LD, Hoang LP, Hoang KT, Yagyu F, Okitsu S, Ushijima H. Sequence analysis of vietnamese P[6] rotavirus strains suggests evidence of interspecies transmission. J Med Virol 2007; 79:1959-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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