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Balakrishna K, Praveenkumarreddy Y, Nishitha D, Gopal CM, Shenoy JK, Bhat K, Khare N, Dhangar K, Kumar M. Occurrences of UV filters, endocrine disruptive chemicals, alkyl phenolic compounds, fragrances, and hormones in the wastewater and coastal waters of the Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115327. [PMID: 36693462 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a simplified status description of the prevalence and occurrences of organic micropollutants including endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs), therapeutic drugs, hormones, fragrances and ultraviolet (UV) filters in the wastewaters and the adjacent coastal oceans in the Northern and Southern Antarctica. Different treatment technologies adopted in the research stations and their efficacy in removing pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are reviewed. Till date, 56 PPCPs are reported in the wastewaters of Antarctic research stations, and 23 in the adjacent coastal waters and sea ice. The reported concentrations in the wastewaters are at the levels of μg L-1 for UV filters, plasticizer Bisphenol A, metabolites, antibiotics, alkyl phenolic compounds, and stimulants. Concentrations in the coastal waters and sea ice are two orders of magnitude lower than the wastewaters because of dilution and degradation. It is apparent however, that the PPCP-laden effluents discharged from the research stations contaminate them. If left unchecked, pollution of the coastal waters and sea-ice can lead to toxic levels. Through this review, we have established widespread occurrence of PPCPs in the polar coastal oceans; this study will also provide the status quo for the researchers and policymakers to seriously consider the issue and initiate remedial action in the near future. The existing substantial gaps in understanding of the impact of PPCPs on the flora and fauna of Antarctica, and the ineffectiveness of the current treatment technologies adopted by the research stations are highly evident. Future-oriented polar research should focus on protecting the pristine ecosystem by utilizing climate-sensitive, cost-effective treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava Balakrishna
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, India.
| | - Yerabham Praveenkumarreddy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, India; Aapaavani Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Baikampady, Mangalore, 575011, India
| | - D'Souza Nishitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, India
| | - Chikmagalur Mallappa Gopal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, India
| | - Jayakrishna Kanhangad Shenoy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Neloy Khare
- Ministry of Earth Sciences. Prithvi Bhawan, Near India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Kiran Dhangar
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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Mykhailenko A, Utevsky A, Solodiankin O, Zlenko O, Maiboroda O, Bolotin V, Blaxland J, Gerilovych A. First record of Serratia marcescens from Adelie and Gentoo penguin faeces collected in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Graham Land, West Antarctica. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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Nord A, Hegemann A, Folkow LP. Reduced immune responsiveness contributes to winter energy conservation in an Arctic bird. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/8/jeb219287. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.219287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Animals in seasonal environments must prudently manage energy expenditure to survive the winter. This may be achieved through reductions in the allocation of energy for various purposes (e.g. thermoregulation, locomotion, etc.). We studied whether such trade-offs also include suppression of the innate immune response, by subjecting captive male Svalbard ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during exposure to either mild temperature (0°C) or cold snaps (acute exposure to −20°C), in constant winter darkness when birds were in energy-conserving mode, and in constant daylight in spring. The innate immune response was mostly unaffected by temperature. However, energy expenditure was below baseline when birds were immune challenged in winter, but significantly above baseline in spring. This suggests that the energetic component of the innate immune response was reduced in winter, possibly contributing to energy conservation. Immunological parameters decreased (agglutination, lysis, bacteriostatic capacity) or did not change (haptoglobin/PIT54) after the challenge, and behavioural modifications (anorexia, mass loss) were lengthy (9 days). While we did not study the mechanisms explaining these weak, or slow, responses, it is tempting to speculate they may reflect the consequences of having evolved in an environment where pathogen transmission rate is presumably low for most of the year. This is an important consideration if climate change and increased exploitation of the Arctic would alter pathogen communities at a pace outwith counter-adaption in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nord
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø – the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan G63 0AW, UK
| | - Arne Hegemann
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars P. Folkow
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø – the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Johansson H, Ellström P, Artursson K, Berg C, Bonnedahl J, Hansson I, Hernandez J, Lopez-Martín J, Medina-Vogel G, Moreno L, Olsen B, Olsson Engvall E, Skarin H, Troell K, Waldenström J, Ågren J, González-Acuña D. Characterization of Campylobacter spp. isolated from wild birds in the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206502. [PMID: 30412585 PMCID: PMC6226163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of knowledge of naturally occurring pathogens is limiting our ability to use the Antarctic to study the impact human-mediated introduction of infectious microorganisms have on this relatively uncontaminated environment. As no large-scale coordinated effort to remedy this lack of knowledge has taken place, we rely on smaller targeted efforts to both study present microorganisms and monitor the environment for introductions. In one such effort, we isolated Campylobacter species from fecal samples collected from wild birds in the Antarctic Peninsula and the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Indeed, in South Georgia, we found Campylobacter lari and the closely related Campylobacter peloridis, but also distantly related human-associated multilocus sequence types of Campylobacter jejuni. In contrast, in the Antarctic Peninsula, we found C. lari and two closely related species, Campylobacter subantarcticus and Campylobacter volucris, but no signs of human introduction. In fact, our finding of human-associated sequence types of C. jejuni in South Georgia, but not in the Antarctic Peninsula, suggests that efforts to limit the spread of infectious microorganisms to the Antarctic have so far been successful in preventing the introduction of C. jejuni. However, we do not know how it came to South Georgia and whether the same mode of introduction could spread it from there to the Antarctic Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Johansson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Charlotte Berg
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jorge Hernandez
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Juana Lopez-Martín
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Medina-Vogel
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucila Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Björn Olsen
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Ju CY, Zhang MJ, Ma YP, Lu JR, Yu MH, Chen H, Liu CY, Gu YX, Fu YY, Duan YX. Genetic and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Diarrheal Patients, Poultry and Cattle in Shenzhen. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2018; 31:579-585. [PMID: 30231962 PMCID: PMC6766747 DOI: 10.3967/bes2018.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate genetic and antibiotic resistance characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolated from Shenzhen. METHODS Multilocs sequence typing and agar dilution methods were used to define the genotype and antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni, respectively. RESULTS In total, 126 C. jejuni strains were isolated. The prevalence of C. jejuni was 5.3% in diarrheal patients. The prevalence in poultry meat (36.5%) was higher than that in cattle meat (1.1%). However, the prevalence in poultry cloacal swabs (27.0%) was lower than that in cattle stool (57.3%). Sixty-two sequence types were obtained, among which 27 of the STs and 10 alleles were previously unreported. The most frequently observed clonal complexes were ST 21 (11.9%), ST-22 (10.3%), and ST-403 (7.1%). ST-21, ST-45, ST-354, ST-403, and ST-443 complexes overlapped between isolates from patients and cattle, whereas ST-45 and ST-574 complexes overlapped between isolates from patients and poultry. All C. jejuni were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The highest resistance rate was toward ciprofloxacin (89.7%), followed by tetracycline (74.6%), and nalidixic acid (69.0%). CONCLUSION This is the first report of the genotypes and antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni in Shenzhen. Overlapping clonal complexes were found between isolates from patients and cattle, and between patients and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yan Ju
- Nanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Mao Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Ping Ma
- Nanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Rang Lu
- ORD, Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220, United States
| | - Mu Hua Yu
- Nanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Nanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Chu Yun Liu
- Nanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Xin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Yan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Xiang Duan
- Nanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong, China
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González-Alonso S, Merino LM, Esteban S, López de Alda M, Barceló D, Durán JJ, López-Martínez J, Aceña J, Pérez S, Mastroianni N, Silva A, Catalá M, Valcárcel Y. Occurrence of pharmaceutical, recreational and psychotropic drug residues in surface water on the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:241-254. [PMID: 28599208 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human presence in the Antarctic is increasing due to research activities and the rise in tourism. These activities contribute a number of potentially hazardous substances. The aim of this study is to conduct the first characterisation of the pharmaceuticals and recreational drugs present in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region, and to assess the potential environmental risk they pose to the environment. The study consisted of a single sampling of ten water samples from different sources, including streams, ponds, glacier drains, and a wastewater discharge into the sea. Twenty-five selected pharmaceuticals and 21 recreational drugs were analysed. The highest concentrations were found for the analgesics acetaminophen (48.74 μg L-1), diclofenac (15.09 μg L-1) and ibuprofen (10.05 μg L-1), and for the stimulant caffeine (71.33 μg L-1). All these substances were detected in waters that were discharged directly into the ocean without any prior purification processes. The hazard quotient (HQ) values for ibuprofen, diclofenac and acetaminophen were far in excess of 10 at several sampling points. The concentrations of each substance measured and used as measured environmental concentration values for the HQ calculations are based on a one-time sampling. The Toxic Unit values indicate that analgesics and anti-inflammatories are the therapeutic group responsible for the highest toxic burden. This study is the first to analyse a wide range of substances and to determine the presence of pharmaceuticals and psychotropic drugs in the Antarctic Peninsula region. We believe it can serve as a starting point to focus attention on the need for continued environmental monitoring of these substances in the water cycle, especially in protected regions such as the Antarctic. This will determine whether pharmaceuticals and recreational drugs are hazardous to the environment and, if so, can be used as the basis for risk-assessment studies to prioritise the exposure to risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia González-Alonso
- Research Group and Teaching in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER) of Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas S/N, E-28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Moreno Merino
- Geological Survery of Spain, (IGME), C/Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Esteban
- Research Group and Teaching in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER) of Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas S/N, E-28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H(2)O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Juan José Durán
- Geological Survery of Spain, (IGME), C/Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo López-Martínez
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Aceña
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Mastroianni
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Silva
- National Institute of Water, Empalme J. Newbery km 1,620, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam Catalá
- Department of Biology & Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Higher School of Science and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Valcárcel
- Research Group and Teaching in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER) of Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas S/N, E-28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Yahara K, Méric G, Taylor AJ, de Vries SPW, Murray S, Pascoe B, Mageiros L, Torralbo A, Vidal A, Ridley A, Komukai S, Wimalarathna H, Cody AJ, Colles FM, McCarthy N, Harris D, Bray JE, Jolley KA, Maiden MCJ, Bentley SD, Parkhill J, Bayliss CD, Grant A, Maskell D, Didelot X, Kelly DJ, Sheppard SK. Genome-wide association of functional traits linked with Campylobacter jejuni survival from farm to fork. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:361-380. [PMID: 27883255 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, primarily associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry. C. jejuni lineages vary in host range and prevalence in human infection, suggesting differences in survival throughout the poultry processing chain. From 7343 MLST-characterised isolates, we sequenced 600 C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from various stages of poultry processing and clinical cases. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in C. jejuni ST-21 and ST-45 complexes identified genetic elements over-represented in clinical isolates that increased in frequency throughout the poultry processing chain. Disease-associated SNPs were distinct in these complexes, sometimes organised in haplotype blocks. The function of genes containing associated elements was investigated, demonstrating roles for cj1377c in formate metabolism, nuoK in aerobic survival and oxidative respiration, and cj1368-70 in nucleotide salvage. This work demonstrates the utility of GWAS for investigating transmission in natural zoonotic pathogen populations and provides evidence that major C. jejuni lineages have distinct genotypes associated with survival, within the host specific niche, from farm to fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yahara
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guillaume Méric
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Aidan J Taylor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stefan P W de Vries
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Murray
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ben Pascoe
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Oxford Bath, UK
| | - Leonardos Mageiros
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Alicia Torralbo
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ana Vidal
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Anne Ridley
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Sho Komukai
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alison J Cody
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Noel McCarthy
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protections Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Harris
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - James E Bray
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protections Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen D Bentley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrew Grant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xavier Didelot
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Oxford Bath, UK.,Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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García-Peña FJ, Llorente MT, Serrano T, Ruano MJ, Belliure J, Benzal J, Herrera-León S, Vidal V, D'Amico V, Pérez-Boto D, Barbosa A. Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Three Species of Antarctic Penguins in Different Geographic Locations. ECOHEALTH 2017; 14:78-87. [PMID: 28091764 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Campylobacter species was studied in three Antarctic penguin species, Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua). A total of 390 penguins were captured in 12 different rookeries along the Antarctic Peninsula with differences in the amount of human visitation: six colonies were highly visited [Stranger Point, King George Island (P. papua and P. adeliae); Hannah Point, Livingston Island (P. papua and P. antarctica); Deception Island (P. antarctica); and Paradise Bay, Antarctic Peninsula (P. papua)], and six colonies were rarely visited [Devil's Point, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island (P. papua); Cierva Cove, Antarctic Peninsula (P. papua); Rongé Island (P. papua and P. antarctica); Yalour Island (P. adeliae); and Avian Island (P. adeliae)]. A total of 23 strains were isolated from penguins from nine different rookeries. Campylobacter lari subsp. lari was isolated from eight samples (seven from P. papua and one from P. adeliae); C. lari subsp. concheus from 13 (ten from P. adeliae and three from P. antarctica) and C. volucris from two samples (both from P. papua). We did not find any significant differences in the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. between the populations in highly and rarely visited areas. This is the first report of C. lari subsp. concheus and C. volucris isolation from penguins in the Antarctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J García-Peña
- Dpto. de Bacteriología 2, Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria de Algete (LCV de Algete), Carretera Madrid-Algete M-106, 28110, Algete, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M T Llorente
- Laboratorio de Enterobacterias, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M J Ruano
- Dpto. de Bacteriología 2, Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria de Algete (LCV de Algete), Carretera Madrid-Algete M-106, 28110, Algete, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Belliure
- Dpto. de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Benzal
- Dpto. Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, Almería, Spain
| | - S Herrera-León
- Laboratorio de Enterobacterias, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Vidal
- Dpto. Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - V D'Amico
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - D Pérez-Boto
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación (AECOSAN), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Barbosa
- Dpto. Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Hernández J, González-Acuña D. Anthropogenic antibiotic resistance genes mobilization to the polar regions. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:32112. [PMID: 27938628 PMCID: PMC5149653 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.32112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic influences in the southern polar region have been rare, but lately microorganisms associated with humans have reached Antarctica, possibly from military bases, fishing boats, scientific expeditions, and/or ship-borne tourism. Studies of seawater in areas of human intervention and proximal to fresh penguin feces revealed the presence of Escherichia coli strains least resistant to antibiotics in penguins, whereas E. coli from seawater elsewhere showed resistance to one or more of the following antibiotics: ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and trim-sulfa. In seawater samples, bacteria were found carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-type CTX-M genes in which multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) showed different sequence types (STs), previously reported in humans. In the Arctic, on the contrary, people have been present for a long time, and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) appears to be much more wide-spread than was previously reported. Studies of E coli from Arctic birds (Bering Strait) revealed reduced susceptibility to antibiotics, but one globally spreading clone of E. coli genotype O25b-ST131, carrying genes of ESBL-type CTX-M, was identified. In the few years between sample collections in the same area, differences in resistance pattern were observed, with E. coli from birds showing resistance to a maximum of five different antibiotics. Presence of resistance-type ESBLs (TEM, SHV, and CTX-M) in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was also confirmed by specified PCR methods. MLST revealed that those bacteria carried STs that connect them to previously described strains in humans. In conclusion, bacteria previously related to humans could be found in relatively pristine environments, and presently human-associated, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have reached a high global level of distribution that they are now found even in the polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Clinic of Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden;
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PREVALENCE OF THREE CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES, C. JEJUNI, C. COLI, AND C. LARI, USING MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING IN WILD BIRDS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION, USA. J Wildl Dis 2014; 50:31-41. [DOI: 10.7589/2013-06-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Multilocus sequence typing and FlaA sequencing reveal the genetic stability of Campylobacter jejuni enrichment during coculture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2477-9. [PMID: 23377942 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02918-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low concentrations of Campylobacter jejuni cells in environmental samples make them difficult to study with conventional culture methods. Here, we show that enrichment by amoeba cocultures works well with low-concentration samples and that this method can be combined with molecular techniques without loss of genetic specificity.
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Dewar ML, Arnould JPY, Dann P, Trathan P, Groscolas R, Smith S. Interspecific variations in the gastrointestinal microbiota in penguins. Microbiologyopen 2013; 2:195-204. [PMID: 23349094 PMCID: PMC3584224 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous amount of data available on the importance of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota in vertebrate (especially mammals), information on the GI microbiota of seabirds remains incomplete. As with many seabirds, penguins have a unique digestive physiology that enables them to store large reserves of adipose tissue, protein, and lipids. This study used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing to characterize the interspecific variations of the GI microbiota of four penguin species: the king, gentoo, macaroni, and little penguin. The qPCR results indicated that there were significant differences in the abundance of the major phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. A total of 132,340, 18,336, 6324, and 4826 near full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified from fecal samples collected from king, gentoo, macaroni, and little penguins, respectively. A total of 13 phyla were identified with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria dominating the composition; however, there were major differences in the relative abundance of the phyla. In addition, this study documented the presence of known human pathogens, such as Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Prevotella, Veillonella, Erysipelotrichaceae, Neisseria, and Mycoplasma. However, their role in disease in penguins remains unknown. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide an in-depth investigation of the GI microbiota of penguins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan L Dewar
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.
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de Haan CPA, Kivistö RI, Hakkinen M, Corander J, Hänninen ML. Multilocus sequence types of Finnish bovine Campylobacter jejuni isolates and their attribution to human infections. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:200. [PMID: 20659332 PMCID: PMC2914712 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Due to the sporadic nature of infection, sources often remain unknown. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been successfully applied to population genetics of Campylobacter jejuni and mathematical modelling can be applied to the sequence data. Here, we analysed the population structure of a total of 250 Finnish C. jejuni isolates from bovines, poultry meat and humans collected in 2003 using a combination of Bayesian clustering (BAPS software) and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS In the first phase we analysed sequence types (STs) of 102 Finnish bovine C. jejuni isolates by MLST and found a high diversity totalling 50 STs of which nearly half were novel. In the second phase we included MLST data from domestic human isolates as well as poultry C. jejuni isolates from the same time period. Between the human and bovine isolates we found an overlap of 72.2%, while 69% of the human isolates were overlapping with the chicken isolates. In the BAPS analysis 44.3% of the human isolates were found in bovine-associated BAPS clusters and 45.4% of the human isolates were found in the poultry-associated BAPS cluster. BAPS reflected the phylogeny of our data very well. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that bovines and poultry were equally important as reservoirs for human C. jejuni infections in Finland in 2003. Our results differ from those obtained in other countries where poultry has been identified as the most important source for human infections. The low prevalence of C. jejuni in poultry flocks in Finland could explain the lower attribution of human infection to poultry. Of the human isolates 10.3% were found in clusters not associated with any host which warrants further investigation, with particular focus on waterborne transmission routes and companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline P A de Haan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu, Helsinki, Finland.
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Decreasing trend of overlapping multilocus sequence types between human and chicken Campylobacter jejuni isolates over a decade in Finland. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:5228-36. [PMID: 20543048 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00581-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the long-term multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of the population structure and dynamics of 454 Finnish human Campylobacter jejuni isolates, as well as 208 chicken isolates, collected during the mid-1990s to 2007. The sequence type clonal complexes (ST CC) ST-45 CC, ST-21 CC, and ST-677 CC were the most common ones found among all isolates, and they covered 73.9% of all isolates. The ST-283 CC also was found frequently among chicken isolates (8.2%). The predominant STs among all isolates were ST-45, ST-50, and ST-677. ST-137 and ST-230 were common among human isolates, and ST-267 was found more frequently among chicken isolates than human isolates. The ST-45 CC was significantly associated with chicken isolates (P < 0.01), whereas the ST-21 CC was associated with human isolates (P < 0.001). The ST-677 CC was not associated with any host (P = 0.5), and an opposite temporary trend of this complex was seen among chicken and human isolates, with an increase in the former and a decrease in the latter during the study period. Furthermore, the ST-22 and ST-48 CCs were significantly associated with human isolates (P < 0.01), but neither of the CCs was found in chicken isolates. The annual overlap between STs from human and chicken isolates decreased from 76% at the beginning of the study to 58% at the end. Our results suggest that the importance of chicken as a reservoir for strains associated with human infections has declined despite the consumption of domestic chicken meat increasing during the follow-up period by 83%.
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Habib I, Uyttendaele M, De Zutter L. Survival of poultry-derived Campylobacter jejuni of multilocus sequence type clonal complexes 21 and 45 under freeze, chill, oxidative, acid and heat stresses. Food Microbiol 2010; 27:829-34. [PMID: 20630326 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The application of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for studying Campylobacter jejuni diversity reveals that MLST clonal complex (CC) 21 and CC-45 occupies significant proportion in the diverse population of C. jejuni. These two complexes are ecologically abundant and represent an interesting subpopulation for studying C. jejuni survival under different stress conditions. In the present study we characterize and compare 19 C. jejuni strains assigned to CC-21 and CC-45, isolated from chicken meat, based on laboratory stress models maintained in Muller-Hinton broth. Model conditions were mimicking freeze, chill, oxidative, acid and heat stresses. Results show that survival patterns varied between the strains. C. jejuni strains of CC-21 survived significantly better than C. jejuni strains of CC-45 under heat (P value = 0.022) and chill (P value = 0.001) stress models. On the other hand, C. jejuni strains of CC-45 showed significantly better survival compared to C. jejuni strains of CC-21 in response to oxidative (P value = 0.003) and freeze (P value = 0.021) stress models. C. jejuni strains assigned to the founder ST-45 showed significantly better survival (P value = 0.017) under heat stress model compared to their ancestral sequence types. However, an association between survival fitness and the diversification of a clonal group cannot be demonstrated directly from the obtained results. In conclusion, findings of the present study show that genotypic variations of C. jejuni might play a role in enabling certain lineages to be selected when encountering adverse and stressful environments. In future stress response studies, it is recommended to consider the effect of genotypic diversity among C. jejuni strains as that might bias the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Griekspoor P, Engvall EO, Olsen B, Waldenström J. Multilocus sequence typing of Campylobacter jejuni from broilers. Vet Microbiol 2009; 140:180-5. [PMID: 19733453 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni isolates from a national Swedish Campylobacter monitoring in broilers were characterized by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) in order to study the genetic diversity of this bacterial population. Isolates were initially characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). One hundred were chosen for MLST genotyping. PFGE identified 69 distinct types compared to 44 different sequence types (STs) identified with MLST. Eighteen STs had not been described previously, while the remaining 26 STs were assigned to previously known clonal complexes. The majority of isolates were of genotypes noted in broilers and in humans in earlier studies. However, three clonal complexes, ST-206 complex, ST-677 complex and ST-1034 complex, previously associated with wild bird and environmental samples, were among the genotypes found. This study shows that most of the Swedish broiler isolates were of genotypes noted as common in broilers. However, it also highlights the potential influence of environmental sources on the broiler C. jejuni genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Griekspoor
- Section for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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