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Hussein Lazim H, Hussain Ali S, Abdul-Amir AS, Salim AB. A STUDY OF THE NOVEL WU AND KI POLYOMAVIRUSES, BOCAVIRUS ADENOVIRUS IN CHILDREN WITH UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2022; 75:1678-1682. [PMID: 35962680 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202207112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To find out the frequency of WU and KI polyomaviruses, and Human Boca and Adenoviruses infections among children with different types of acute upper respiratory tract infections and to compare the frequency of these viruses among immune-competent and immune compromised patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: A case-control study conducted in children aged 3-18 years with acute upper respiratory tract infections. The samples were taken from: Group 1: 100 immuno competent children with acute upper respiratory tract infections. Group 2: 100 immuno compromised children (Leukemic, cancer, Nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure and children with renal transplant) with acute upper respiratory tract infections. Group 3: 100 apparently healthy children without respiratory infections as control group. Nasal swap samples were collected from children and then viral DNA extracted from these samples. Then detection of WU, KI polyomaviruses HBoV and HAdv was done by using real time PCR. RESULTS Results: All of 300 samples were negative for WU and KI polyomaviruses. However, human Bocavirus was detected in the three groups (immunocompromised, immunocompetent and control group) and the positivity rates were 61.61%, 37.37% and 18.18%, respectively. While human adenovirus was found only in 2% of immunocompromised patients and 1.1% of immunocompetent patients also there were cases positive for both HBoV and HAdv in 5.5% of immunocompromised patients, and 8.8% of immunocompetent patients. CONCLUSION Conclusions: High frequency of HBoV especially in immunocompromised patients while low number of positive cases for HAdv by using nasal swab samples, WU and KI polyomaviruses could not be detected in samples.
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Zhao H, Xu W, Wang L, Zhu Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Ai J, Feng Q, Deng L, Sun Y, Li C, Jin R, Shang Y, Gao H, Qian S, Xu L, Xie Z. WU Polyomavirus Infection in Children With Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in China, 2017 to 2019: Case Reports and Multicentre Epidemiological Survey. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:835946. [PMID: 35360221 PMCID: PMC8963484 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.835946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) is a novel member of the family Polyomaviridae recently detected in respiratory tract specimens. So far, it has not been proven whether WUPyV is a real causative agent for respiratory diseases. In this study, we described two patients with fatal infection who had WUPyV detected in their nasopharyngeal swabs. Furthermore, we conducted a multicentre study in six hospitals from different districts of China. WUPyV was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, and the clinical and molecular epidemiological characteristics of WUPyV strains among hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections all around China from 2017 to 2019 were analysed. Two complete WUPyV genome sequences were assembled from fatal patients’ airway specimens. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that they were most closely related to strains derived from Fujian and Chongqing, China, in 2008 and 2013, respectively. In 2017–2019, a total of 1,812 samples from children with acute lower respiratory tract infections were detected for WUPyV, of which 11 (0.6%) were positive. Children aged ≤5 were more susceptible to WUPyV infection. A total of 81.8% of WUPyV-positive patients were coinfected with other viruses, of which rhinovirus enjoyed the highest frequency. The main clinical symptoms of infected patients include fever, coughing and sputum expectoration. Most patients were diagnosed with pneumonia, followed by bronchial surgery. Three patients manifested severe infection, and all patients improved and were discharged. Our results show that WUPyV persistently circulates in China. Further investigations on the clinical role and pathogenicity of WUPyV are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Paediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Paediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Paediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
| | - Wenmiao Xu
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
- Department of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
- Department of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Paediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Paediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Paediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
- Department of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
- Department of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Ai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Paediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Paediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Paediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Paediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Paediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Paediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Yinchuan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Changchong Li
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Medicine, The Second Afliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hengmiao Gao
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
- Department of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Suyun Qian
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
- Department of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Paediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Paediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Paediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Xu,
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Paediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Paediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Paediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing, China
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Human polyomaviruses 10 and 11 in faecal samples from Brazilian children. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:585-591. [PMID: 31667802 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) 10 and 11 have been detected in faecal material and are tentatively associated with diarrhoeal disease. However, to date, there are insufficient data to confirm or rule out this association, or even to provide basic information about these viruses, such as how they are distributed in the population, the persistence sites and their pathogenesis. In this study, we analysed stool specimens from Brazilian children with and without acute diarrhoea to investigate the excretion of HPyV10 and HPyV11 as well as their possible associations with diarrhoea. A total of 460 stool specimens were obtained from children with acute diarrhoea of unknown aetiology, and 106 stool specimens were obtained from healthy asymptomatic children under 10 years old. Samples were collected during the periods of 1999-2006, 2010-2012 and 2016-2017, and found previously to be negative for other enteric viruses and bacteria. The specimens were screened for HPyV10 and HPyV11 DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Randomly selected positive samples were sequenced to confirm the presence of HPyV10 and HPyV11. The sequenced strains showed a percent of nucleotide identity of 93.4-99.6% and 85.5-98.9% with the reference HPyV10 and HPyV11 strains, respectively, confirming the PCR results. HPyV10 and HPyV11 were detected in 7.2% and 4.7% of the stool specimens from children with and without diarrhoea, respectively. The prevalence of both viruses was the same among children with diarrhoea and healthy children. There was also no difference between boys and girls or the degree of disease (severe, moderate or mild) among groups. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the genotypes described so far for HPyV10 and HPyV11 circulate in Rio de Janeiro. Our results do not support an association between HPyV10 and HPyV11 in stool samples and paediatric gastroenteritis. Nevertheless, the excretion of HPyV10 and HPyV11 in faeces indicates that faecal-oral transmission is possible.
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Kamminga S, van der Meijden E, de Brouwer C, Feltkamp M, Zaaijer H. Prevalence of DNA of fourteen human polyomaviruses determined in blood donors. Transfusion 2019; 59:3689-3697. [PMID: 31633816 PMCID: PMC6916541 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human polyomaviruses (HPyVs), like herpesviruses, cause persistent infection in a large part of the population. In immunocompromised and elderly patients, PyVs cause severe diseases such as nephropathy (BK polyomavirus [BKPyV]), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC polyomavirus [JCPyV]), and skin cancer (Merkel cell polyomavirus [MCPyV]). Like cytomegalovirus, donor‐derived PyV can cause disease in kidney transplant recipients. Possibly blood components transmit PyVs as well. To study this possibility, as a first step we determined the presence of PyV DNA in Dutch blood donations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Blood donor serum samples (n = 1016) were analyzed for the presence of DNA of 14 HPyVs using HPyV species‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures. PCR‐positive samples were subjected to confirmation by sequencing. Individual PCR findings were compared with the previously reported PyV serostatus. RESULTS MC polyomavirus DNA was detected in 39 donors (3.8%), JCPyV and TS polyomavirus (TSPyV) DNA in five donors (both 0.5%), and HPyV9 DNA in four donors (0.4%). BKPyV, WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), HPyV6, MW polyomavirus (MWPyV), and LI polyomavirus (LIPyV) DNA was detected in one or two donors. Amplicon sequencing confirmed the expected product for BKPyV, JCPyV, WUPyV, MCPyV, HPyV6, TSPyV, MWPyV, HPyV9, and LIPyV. For JCPyV a significant association was observed between detection of viral DNA and the level of specific IgG antibodies. CONCLUSION In 5.4% of Dutch blood donors PyV DNA was detected, including DNA from pathogenic PyVs such as JCPyV. As a next step, the infectivity of PyV in donor blood and transmission via blood components to immunocompromised recipients should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Kamminga
- Department of Blood-borne Infections, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Els van der Meijden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Caroline de Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariet Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans Zaaijer
- Department of Blood-borne Infections, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Sarna M, Ware RS, Lambert SB, Sloots TP, Nissen MD, Grimwood K. Timing of First Respiratory Virus Detections in Infants: A Community-Based Birth Cohort Study. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:418-427. [PMID: 29165576 PMCID: PMC7107408 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determining timing of first virus detection episodes (fVDEs) for different respiratory viruses in infants identifies risk periods and informs preventive interventions, including vaccination. We describe the ages and nature of fVDEs in an infant birth cohort and explore factors associated with increased odds of symptomatic fVDEs. Methods The Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases (ORChID) study is a community-based birth cohort describing acute respiratory infections in infants until their second birthday. Parents recorded daily symptoms and collected nose swabs weekly, which were batch-tested using polymerase chain reaction assays for 17 respiratory viruses. Results One hundred fifty-eight infants participated in ORChID. The median age for fVDEs was 2.9 months for human rhinovirus (HRV) but was ≥13.9 months for other respiratory viruses. Overall, 52% of HRV fVDEs were symptomatic, compared with 57%–83% of other fVDEs. Respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus fVDEs were more severe than HRV fVDEs. Older age and the winter season were associated with symptomatic episodes. Conclusions Infants do not always experience respiratory symptoms with their fVDE. Predominance of early HRV detections highlights the need for timing any intervention early in life. fVDEs from other respiratory viruses most commonly occur when maternal vaccines may no longer provide protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohinder Sarna
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane.,UQ Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Robert S Ware
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Theo P Sloots
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Michael D Nissen
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Keith Grimwood
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast.,Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
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Sarna M, Lambert SB, Sloots TP, Whiley DM, Alsaleh A, Mhango L, Bialasiewicz S, Wang D, Nissen MD, Grimwood K, Ware RS. Viruses causing lower respiratory symptoms in young children: findings from the ORChID birth cohort. Thorax 2017; 73:969-979. [PMID: 29247051 PMCID: PMC6166599 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause substantial child morbidity. Sensitive molecular-based assays aid virus detection, but the clinical significance of positive tests remains uncertain as some viruses may be found in both acutely ill and healthy children. We describe disease-pathogen associations of respiratory viruses and quantify virus-specific attributable risk of ARIs in healthy children during the first 2 years of life. METHODS One hundred fifty-eight term newborn babies in Brisbane, Australia, were recruited progressively into a longitudinal, community-based, birth cohort study conducted between September 2010 and October 2014. A daily tick-box diary captured predefined respiratory symptoms from birth until their second birthday. Weekly parent-collected nasal swabs were batch-tested for 17 respiratory viruses by PCR assays, allowing calculation of virus-specific attributable fractions in the exposed (AFE) to determine the proportion of virus-positive children whose ARI symptoms could be attributed to that particular virus. RESULTS Of 8100 nasal swabs analysed, 2646 (32.7%) were virus-positive (275 virus codetections, 3.4%), with human rhinoviruses accounting for 2058/2646 (77.8%) positive swabs. Viruses were detected in 1154/1530 (75.4%) ARI episodes and in 984/4308 (22.8%) swabs from asymptomatic periods. Respiratory syncytial virus (AFE: 68% (95% CI 45% to 82%)) and human metapneumovirus (AFE: 69% (95% CI 43% to 83%)) were strongly associated with higher risk of lower respiratory symptoms. DISCUSSION The strong association of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus with ARIs and lower respiratory symptoms in young children managed within the community indicates successful development of vaccines against these two viruses should provide substantial health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohinder Sarna
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Theo P Sloots
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David M Whiley
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Asma Alsaleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lebogang Mhango
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Wang
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael D Nissen
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Csoma E, Bidiga L, Méhes G, Katona M, Gergely L. Survey of KI, WU, MW, and STL Polyomavirus in Cancerous and Non-Cancerous Lung Tissues. Pathobiology 2017; 85:179-185. [PMID: 28965121 DOI: 10.1159/000481174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The pathogenesis of the human polyomavirus (PyV) KI, WU, MW, and STL has not been elucidated yet. Respiratory transmission is suggested, but the site of the replication, tissue, and cell tropism is not clarified. KIPyV and WUPyV DNA and/or antigen were detected in normal lung tissues previously by others. In fact, a KIPyV DNA sequence was found in lung cancer samples. Up to date, there is no publication about the DNA prevalence of MWPyV and STLPyV neither in normal nor in cancerous lung tissues. The aim of the present study was to examine the DNA prevalence of these polyomaviruses in cancerous and non-cancerous lung tissue samples, in order to study the possible site for viral replication and/or persistence, and the potential association of these viruses with lung carcinogenesis as well. METHODS 100 cancerous and 47 non-cancerous, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue samples were studied for KIPyV, WUPyV, MWPyV, and STLPyV by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Neither of the viruses was found in samples from small-cell, non-small-cell (adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma and large-cell neuroendocrine lung cancer), mixed-type and non-differentiated lung carcinoma, and non-cancerous lung tissues (from patients with pneumonia, emphysema and fibrosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Csoma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Bidiga
- Department of Pathology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Melinda Katona
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Gergely
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Ma FL, Li DD, Wei TL, Li JS, Zheng LS. Quantitative detection of human Malawi polyomavirus in nasopharyngeal aspirates, sera, and feces in Beijing, China, using real-time TaqMan-based PCR. Virol J 2017; 14:152. [PMID: 28806976 PMCID: PMC5557062 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human Malawi polyomavirus (MWPyV) was discovered in 2012, but its prevalence and clinical characteristics are largely unknown. Methods We used real-time TaqMan-based PCR to detect MWPyV in the feces (n = 174) of children with diarrhea, nasopharyngeal aspirates (n = 887) from children with respiratory infections, and sera (n = 200) from healthy adults, and analyzed its clinical characteristics statistically. All the MWPyV-positive specimens were also screened for other common respiratory viruses. Results Sixteen specimens were positive for MWPyV, including 13 (1.47%) respiratory samples and three (1.7%) fecal samples. The samples were all co-infected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly with influenza viruses (69.2%) and human coronaviruses (30.7%). The MWPyV-positive children were diagnosed with bronchopneumonia or viral diarrhea. They ranged in age from 12 days to 9 years, and the most frequent symptoms were cough and fever. Conclusions Real-time PCR is an effective tool for the detection of MWPyV in different types of samples. MWPyV infection mainly occurs in young children, and fecal–oral transmission is a possible route of its transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0817-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Lian Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Dan-di Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Tian-Li Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Jin-Song Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Li-Shu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China.
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel WU Polyomavirus Isolate from Arkansas, USA, Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/2/e01452-16. [PMID: 28082496 PMCID: PMC5256223 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01452-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the complete genome sequence of a WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) isolate, also known as human polyomavirus 4, collected in 2016 from a patient in Arkansas with an acute respiratory infection. Isolate hPyV4/USA/AR001/2016 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 5,229 bp in length.
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Dehority WN, Eickman MM, Schwalm KC, Gross SM, Schroth GP, Young SA, Dinwiddie DL. Complete genome sequence of a KI polyomavirus isolated from an otherwise healthy child with severe lower respiratory tract infection. J Med Virol 2016; 89:926-930. [PMID: 27704585 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Unbiased, deep sequencing of a nasal specimen from an otherwise healthy 13-month-old boy hospitalized in intensive care revealed high gene expression and the complete genome of a novel isolate of KI polyomavirus (KIPyV). Further investigation detected minimal gene expression of additional viruses, suggesting that KIPyV was potentially the causal agent. Analysis of the complete genome of isolate NMKI001 revealed it is different from all previously reported genomes and contains two amino acid differences as compared to the closest virus isolate, Stockholm 380 (EF127908). J. Med. Virol. 89:926-930, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter N Dehority
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Megan M Eickman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kurt C Schwalm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Darrell L Dinwiddie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Clinical Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Karachaliou M, Chatzi L, Roumeliotaki T, Kampouri M, Kyriklaki A, Koutra K, Chalkiadaki G, Michel A, Stiakaki E, Kogevinas M, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, de Sanjose S. Common infections with polyomaviruses and herpesviruses and neuropsychological development at 4 years of age, the Rhea birth cohort in Crete, Greece. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:1268-1276. [PMID: 27334233 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections of the central nervous system may have detrimental effects for the developing brain, but the effects of less virulent common infections are unclear. We aim to investigate the impact of common viral infections of early childhood on neuropsychological performance of children at age four. METHODS We used cross-sectional data on 674 children participating at the 4 years of age follow-up of the Rhea birth cohort in Crete, Greece. Blood levels of IgG antibodies to 10 polyomaviruses (BKPyV, JCPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, MCPyV, HPyV9, and HPyV10) and four herpesviruses [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2)] were measured using multiplex serology. Child's neuropsychological development at age four was assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, the Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Test (ADHDT), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the associations. RESULTS Seroprevalence to polyomaviruses ranged from 21% for HPyV9 to 82% for HPyV10. Seroprevalence for EBV was 53%, for CMV 26%, for HSV-1 3.6%, and for HSV-2 1.5%. Children seropositive to ≥8 polyomaviruses had lower score in ADHDT inattention subscale [β = -1.28 (95% CI: -2.56, -0.001)] and lower score in SDQ hyperactivity-inattention subscale [β = -.99 (95% CI: -1.60, -0.37)] versus children seropositive to ≤3 polyomaviruses. Seropositivity to BKPyV, a potential neurotropic virus, was associated with higher score in ADHDT inattention subscale [β = .87 (95% CI: 0.03, 1.71)]. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that acquisition of polyomaviruses during development may influence behavioral outcomes in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Karachaliou
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgia Chalkiadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angelika Michel
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eftichia Stiakaki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. .,Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Assessing Host-Virus Codivergence for Close Relatives of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infecting African Great Apes. J Virol 2016; 90:8531-41. [PMID: 27440885 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00247-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED It has long been hypothesized that polyomaviruses (PyV; family Polyomaviridae) codiverged with their animal hosts. In contrast, recent analyses suggested that codivergence may only marginally influence the evolution of PyV. We reassess this question by focusing on a single lineage of PyV infecting hominine hosts, the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) lineage. By characterizing the genetic diversity of these viruses in seven African great ape taxa, we show that they exhibit very strong host specificity. Reconciliation analyses identify more codivergence than noncodivergence events. In addition, we find that a number of host and PyV divergence events are synchronous. Collectively, our results support codivergence as the dominant process at play during the evolution of the MCPyV lineage. More generally, our results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting an ancient and stable association of PyV and their animal hosts. IMPORTANCE The processes involved in viral evolution and the interaction of viruses with their hosts are of great scientific interest and public health relevance. It has long been thought that the genetic diversity of double-stranded DNA viruses was generated over long periods of time, similar to typical host evolutionary timescales. This was also hypothesized for polyomaviruses (family Polyomaviridae), a group comprising several human pathogens, but this remains a point of controversy. Here, we investigate this question by focusing on a single lineage of polyomaviruses that infect both humans and their closest relatives, the African great apes. We show that these viruses exhibit considerable host specificity and that their evolution largely mirrors that of their hosts, suggesting that codivergence with their hosts played a major role in their diversification. Our results provide statistical evidence in favor of an association of polyomaviruses and their hosts over millions of years.
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13
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Bialasiewicz S, Rockett RJ, Barraclough KA, Leary D, Dudley KJ, Isbel NM, Sloots TP. Detection of Recently Discovered Human Polyomaviruses in a Longitudinal Kidney Transplant Cohort. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2734-40. [PMID: 27000433 PMCID: PMC7159543 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A large number of human polyomaviruses have been discovered in the last 7 years. However, little is known about the clinical impact on vulnerable immunosuppressed patient populations. Blood, urine, and respiratory swabs collected from a prospective, longitudinal adult kidney transplant cohort (n = 167) generally pre-operatively, at day 4, months 1, 3, and 6 posttransplant, and at BK viremic episodes within the first year were screened for 12 human polyomaviruses using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Newly discovered polyomaviruses were most commonly detected in the respiratory tract, with persistent shedding seen for up to 6 months posttransplant. Merkel cell polyomavirus was the most common detection, but was not associated with clinical symptoms or subsequent development of skin cancer or other skin abnormalities. In contrast, KI polyomavirus was associated with respiratory disease in a subset of patients. Human polyomavirus 9, Malawi polyomavirus, and human polyomavirus 12 were not detected in any patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bialasiewicz
- Centre for Children's Health ResearchChildren's Health QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia,Child Health Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - R. J. Rockett
- Child Health Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia,Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical ResearchWestmead HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - K. A. Barraclough
- Department of Renal MedicineRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - D. Leary
- Department of Renal MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - K. J. Dudley
- Institute for Future EnvironmentsCentral Analytical Research FacilityQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - N. M. Isbel
- Department of Renal MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - T. P. Sloots
- Centre for Children's Health ResearchChildren's Health QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia,Child Health Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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14
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Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF. The contributions of allergic sensitization and respiratory pathogens to asthma inception. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:659-65; quiz 666. [PMID: 26947979 PMCID: PMC4782609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Of the chronic diseases affecting grade-school children, asthma is the most common and accounts for the greatest number of school days missed. Moreover, it can influence family dynamics and function in other ways, and unfortunately, it can also be associated with mortality, particularly in the inner-city environments of the United States. Thus understanding factors that lead to its development in early life is essential in developing strategies aimed at primary prevention. Two risk factors that have been identified by a number of investigators include the development of allergic sensitization and wheezing respiratory tract illnesses caused by viruses and bacteria, either alone or in combination. Both of these factors appear to exert their influences within the first few years of life, such that asthma becomes established before the child enters grade school at age 5 to 6 years. Therefore, because both allergic sensitization and viral and bacterial illnesses can occur in children who do not have asthma, it is paramount to identify genetic and environmental factors that activate, interact with, and/or direct the immune system and components of the respiratory tract along pathways that allow asthma to become established and expressed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis.
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
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15
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Papa N, Zanotta N, Knowles A, Orzan E, Comar M. Detection of Malawi polyomavirus sequences in secondary lymphoid tissues from Italian healthy children: a transient site of infection. Virol J 2016; 13:97. [PMID: 27287743 PMCID: PMC4901423 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The novel Malawi polyomavirus (MWPyV) was initially detected in stool specimens from healthy children and children with gastrointestinal symptoms, mostly diarrhea, indicating that MWPyV might play a role in human gastroenteric diseases. Recently, MWPyV sequences were additionally identified in respiratory secretions from both healthy and acutely ill children suggesting that MWPyV may have a tropism for different human tissues. This study was designed to investigate the possible sites of latency/persistence for MWPyV in a cohort of healthy Italian children. Methods Specimens (n° 500) of tonsils, adenoids, blood, urines and feces, from 200 healthy and immunocompetent children (age range: 1–15 years) were tested for the amplification of the MWPyV LT antigen sequence by quantitative real-time PCR. Samples (n° 80) of blood and urines from 40 age-matched children with autoimmune diseases, were screened for comparison. Polyomaviruses JC/BK and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) were also tested as markers of infection in all samples using the same molecular technique. Results In our series of healthy children, MWPyV was detected only in the lymphoid tissues showing a prevalence of 6 % in tonsils and 1 % in adenoids, although with a low viral load. No JCPyV or BKPyV co-infection was found in MWPyV positive samples, while EBV showed a similar percentage of both in tonsils and adenoids (38 and 37 %). Conversely, no MWPyV DNA was detected in stool from babies with gastroenteric syndrome. With regards to autoimmune children, neither MWPyV nor BKPyV were detected in blood, while JCPyV viremia was observed in 15 % (6/40) of children treated with Infliximab. Urinary BKPyV shedding was observed in 12.5 % (5/40) while JCPyV in 100 % of the samples. Conclusions The detection of MWPyV sequences in tonsils and adenoids of healthy children suggests that secondary lymphoid tissues can harbour MWPyV probably as transient sites of persistence rather than actual sites of latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Papa
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Zanotta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Knowles
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Orzan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137, Trieste, Italy. .,Medical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34128, Trieste, Italy.
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16
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Human WU Polyomavirus Isolate Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00177-16. [PMID: 27151782 PMCID: PMC4859164 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00177-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here the complete genome sequence of a WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) isolate, NM040708, collected from a patient with an acute respiratory infection in New Mexico. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of NM040708 is 5,229 bp in length and differs from the WUPyV reference with accession no. NC_009539 by 6 nucleotides and 2 amino acids.
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17
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Karachaliou M, Waterboer T, Casabonne D, Chalkiadaki G, Roumeliotaki T, Michel A, Stiakaki E, Chatzi L, Pawlita M, Kogevinas M, de Sanjose S. The Natural History of Human Polyomaviruses and Herpesviruses in Early Life--The Rhea Birth Cohort in Greece. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:671-9. [PMID: 26968942 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparse data exist on the patterns and determinants of acquisition of polyomaviruses and herpesviruses in childhood. We measured immunoglobulin G seroreactivity against 10 polyomaviruses (BKPyV, JCPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, HPyV10) and 5 herpesviruses (Epstein Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, human herpesvirus 8) using multiplex serology on blood samples collected at birth (cord blood, n = 626) and at follow-up at 3 years (n = 81) and 4 years (n = 690) of age among the Rhea birth cohort recruited in Greece from pregnant women in 2007-2008. We used Poisson regression with robust variance to identify determinants of seropositivity at age 4. Seroprevalence of polyomaviruses ranged from 38.5% to 99.8% in cord blood and from 20.9% to 82.3% at age 4. Seroprevalence of EBV, CMV, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and human herpesvirus 8 was 99.4%, 74.9%, 26.2%, 8.0%, and 1.6% in cord blood and 52.5%, 25.8%, 3.6%, 1.4%, and 0% at age 4, respectively. Determinants of seropositivity at age 4 were cord seropositivity (JCPyV, HPyV7, HPyV10, CMV), vaginal delivery (HPyV10), breastfeeding (CMV), younger age at day-care entry (BKPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, TSPyV, HPyV10, HPyV9, EBV, CMV), and swimming pool attendance (BKPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, HPyV10). Television viewing, parental stress, and hygiene practices were inversely associated with the seroprevalence of polyomaviruses and herpesviruses.
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18
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Song X, Van Ghelue M, Ludvigsen M, Nordbø SA, Ehlers B, Moens U. Characterization of the non-coding control region of polyomavirus KI isolated from nasopharyngeal samples from patients with respiratory symptoms or infection and from blood from healthy blood donors in Norway. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1647-1657. [PMID: 27031170 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Seroepidemiological studies showed that the human polyomavirus KI (KIPyV) is common in the human population, with age-specific seroprevalence ranging from 40-90 %. Genome epidemiological analyses demonstrated that KIPyV DNA is predominantly found in respiratory tract samples of immunocompromised individuals and children suffering from respiratory diseases, but viral sequences have also been detected in brain, tonsil, lymphoid tissue studies, plasma, blood and faeces. Little is known about the sequence variation in the non-coding control region of KIPyV variants residing in different sites of the human body and whether specific strains dominate in certain parts of the world. In this study, we sequenced the non-coding control region (NCCR) of naturally occurring KIPyV variants in nasopharyngeal samples from patients with respiratory symptoms or infection and in blood from healthy donors in Norway. In total 86 sequences were obtained, 44 of which were identical to the original isolated Stockholm 60 variant. The remaining NCCRs contained one or several mutations, none of them previously reported. The same mutations were detected in NCCRs amplified from blood and nasopharyngeal samples. Some patients had different variants in their specimens. Transient transfection studies in HEK293 cells with a luciferase reporter plasmid demonstrated that some single mutations had a significant effect on the relative early and late promoter strength compared with the Stockholm 60 promoter. The effect of the NCCR mutations on viral replication and possible virulence properties remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Song
- University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Biology, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marijke Van Ghelue
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of North Norway, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway.,University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Biology, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Ludvigsen
- University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Biology, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svein Arne Nordbø
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Trondheim University Hospital, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ugo Moens
- University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Biology, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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