1
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Hackett MJ. A commentary on studies of brain iron accumulation during ageing. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:385-394. [PMID: 38735007 PMCID: PMC11186910 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Brain iron content is widely reported to increase during "ageing", across multiple species from nematodes, rodents (mice and rats) and humans. Given the redox-active properties of iron, there has been a large research focus on iron-mediated oxidative stress as a contributor to tissue damage during natural ageing, and also as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. Surprisingly, however, the majority of published studies have not investigated brain iron homeostasis during the biological time period of senescence, and thus knowledge of how brain homeostasis changes during this critical stage of life largely remains unknown. This commentary examines the literature published on the topic of brain iron homeostasis during ageing, providing a critique on limitations of currently used experimental designs. The commentary also aims to highlight that although much research attention has been given to iron accumulation or iron overload as a pathological feature of ageing, there is evidence to support functional iron deficiency may exist, and this should not be overlooked in studies of ageing or neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Hackett
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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2
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Huang Z, Jordan JD, Zhang Q. Myelin Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Therapeutic Opportunities. Aging Dis 2024; 15:698-713. [PMID: 37548935 PMCID: PMC10917545 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. Despite significant efforts over several decades, our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease is still incomplete. Myelin is a multi-layered membrane structure ensheathing neuronal axons, which is essential for the fast and effective propagation of action potentials along the axons. Recent studies highlight the critical involvement of myelin in memory consolidation and reveal its vulnerability in various pathological conditions. Notably, apart from the classic amyloid hypothesis, myelin degeneration has been proposed as another critical pathophysiological feature of AD, which could occur prior to the development of amyloid pathology. Here, we review recent works supporting the critical role of myelin in cognition and myelin pathology during AD progression, with a focus on the mechanisms underlying myelin degeneration in AD. We also discuss the complex intersections between myelin pathology and typical AD pathophysiology, as well as the therapeutic potential of pro-myelinating approaches for this disease. Overall, these findings implicate myelin degeneration as a critical contributor to AD-related cognitive deficits and support targeting myelin repair as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
| | - J. Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
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3
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Petralla S, Saveleva L, Kanninen KM, Oster JS, Panayotova M, Fricker G, Puris E. Increased Expression of Transferrin Receptor 1 in the Brain Cortex of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Is Associated with Activation of HIF-1 Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03990-3. [PMID: 38296900 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite intensive research efforts, there are currently no effective treatments to cure and prevent AD. There is growing evidence that dysregulation of iron homeostasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Given the important role of the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) in regulating iron distribution in the brain, as well as in the drug delivery, we investigated its expression in the brain cortex and isolated brain microvessels from female 8-month-old 5xFAD mice mimicking advanced stage of AD. Moreover, we explored the association between the TfR1 expression and the activation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in 5xFAD mice. Finally, we studied the impact of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 on TfR1 expression in the brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. In the present study, we revealed that an increase in TfR1 protein levels observed in the brain cortex of 5xFAD mice was associated with activation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway as well as accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, incubation of Aβ peptides in hCMEC/D3 cells did not affect the expression of TfR1, which supported our findings of unaltered TfR1 expression in the isolated brain microvessels in 5xFAD mice. In conclusion, the study provides important information about the expression of TfR1 in the 5xFAD mouse model and the potential role of HIF-1 signaling pathway in the regulation of TfR1 in AD, which could represent a promising strategy for the development of therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Petralla
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liudmila Saveleva
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Julia S Oster
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Panayotova
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Puris
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Song M, Fan X. Systemic Metabolism and Mitochondria in the Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease: Finding Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098398. [PMID: 37176104 PMCID: PMC10179273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly people over the age of 65 are those most likely to experience Alzheimer's disease (AD), and aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations. Currently, there is no curative medication against AD and only several drugs have been approved by the FDA, but these drugs can only improve the symptoms of AD. Many preclinical and clinical trials have explored the impact of adjusting the whole-body and intracellular metabolism on the pathogenesis of AD. The most recent evidence suggests that mitochondria initiate an integrated stress response to environmental stress, which is beneficial for healthy aging and neuroprotection. There is also an increasing awareness of the differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to the metabolic level and microbiome. As the main participants in intracellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms, and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been regarded as potential therapeutic targets for AD. This review summarizes and highlights these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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5
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Revisiting the Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020415. [PMID: 36829974 PMCID: PMC9952129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by memory loss, impaired learning and thinking, and difficulty in performing regular daily activities. Despite nearly two decades of collective efforts to develop novel medications that can prevent or halt the disease progression, we remain faced with only a few options with limited effectiveness. There has been a recent growth of interest in the role of nutrition in brain health as we begin to gain a better understanding of what and how nutrients affect hormonal and neural actions that not only can lead to typical cardiovascular or metabolic diseases but also an array of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients, are elements that are indispensable for functions including nutrient metabolism, immune surveillance, cell development, neurotransmission, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we provide an overview on some of the most common vitamins and minerals and discuss what current studies have revealed on the link between these essential micronutrients and cognitive performance or AD.
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6
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Ambi A, Stanisavljevic A, Victor TW, Lowery AW, Davis J, Van Nostrand WE, Miller LM. Evaluation of Copper Chelation Therapy in a Transgenic Rat Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:378-388. [PMID: 36651175 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the accumulation of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein in blood vessels and leads to hemorrhages, strokes, and dementia in elderly individuals. Recent reports have shown elevated copper levels colocalized with vascular amyloid in human CAA and Alzheimer's disease patients, which have been suggested to contribute to cytotoxicity through the formation of reactive oxygen species. Here, we treated a transgenic rat model of CAA (rTg-DI) with the copper-specific chelator, tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), via intraperitoneal (IP) administration for 6 months to determine if it could lower copper content in vascular amyloid deposits and modify CAA pathology. Results showed that TTM treatment led to elevated Aβ load in the hippocampus of the rTg-DI rats and increased microbleeds in the wild type (WT) animals. X-ray fluorescence microscopy was performed to image the distribution of copper and revealed a surprising increase in copper colocalized with Aβ aggregates in TTM-treated rTg-DI rats. Unexpectedly, we also found an increase in the copper content in unaffected vessels of both rTg-DI and WT animals. These results show that IP administration of TTM was ineffective in removing copper from vascular Aβ aggregates in vivo and increased the development of disease pathology in CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ambi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Aleksandra Stanisavljevic
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States.,Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Tiffany W Victor
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Adam W Lowery
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Judianne Davis
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States.,Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States.,Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Lisa M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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7
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More SJ, Bampidis V, Benford D, Bragard C, Halldorsson TI, Hernández‐Jerez AF, Bennekou SH, Koutsoumanis K, Lambré C, Machera K, Mullins E, Nielsen SS, Schlatter JR, Schrenk D, Turck D, Younes M, Boon P, Ferns GAA, Lindtner O, Smolders E, Wilks M, Bastaki M, de Sesmaisons‐Lecarré A, Ferreira L, Greco L, Kass GEN, Riolo F, Leblanc J. Re-evaluation of the existing health-based guidance values for copper and exposure assessment from all sources. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07728. [PMID: 36694841 PMCID: PMC9843535 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient and also a regulated product used in organic and in conventional farming pest management. Both deficiency and excessive exposure to copper can have adverse health effects. In this Scientific Opinion, the EFSA 2021 harmonised approach for establishing health-based guidance values (HBGVs) for substances that are regulated products and also nutrients was used to resolve the divergent existing HBGVs for copper. The tightly regulated homeostasis prevents toxicity manifestation in the short term, but the development of chronic copper toxicity is dependent on copper homeostasis and its tissue retention. Evidence from Wilson disease suggests that hepatic retention is indicative of potential future and possibly sudden onset of copper toxicity under conditions of continuous intake. Hence, emphasis was placed on copper retention as an early marker of potential adverse effects. The relationships between (a) chronic copper exposure and its retention in the body, particularly the liver, and (b) hepatic copper concentrations and evidence of toxicity were examined. The Scientific Committee (SC) concludes that no retention of copper is expected to occur with intake of 5 mg/day and established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.07 mg/kg bw. A refined dietary exposure assessment was performed, assessing contribution from dietary and non-dietary sources. Background copper levels are a significant source of copper. The contribution of copper from its use as plant protection product (PPP), food and feed additives or fertilisers is negligible. The use of copper in fertilisers or PPPs contributes to copper accumulation in soil. Infant formula and follow-on formula are important contributors to dietary exposure of copper in infants and toddlers. Contribution from non-oral sources is negligible. Dietary exposure to total copper does not exceed the HBGV in adolescents, adults, elderly and the very elderly. Neither hepatic copper retention nor adverse effects are expected to occur from the estimated copper exposure in children due to higher nutrient requirements related to growth.
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8
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Lowery AW, Ambi A, Miller LM, Boreyko JB. Reducing Frost during Cryoimaging Using a Hygroscopic Ice Frame. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43421-43431. [PMID: 36506191 PMCID: PMC9730467 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cryomicroscopy is commonly hampered by frost accumulation, reducing the visual clarity of the specimen. Pulling a vacuum or purging with nitrogen gas can greatly reduce the sample chamber's humidity, but at cryogenic temperatures, even minute concentrations of water vapor can still result in frost deposition. Here, a hygroscopic ice frame was created around the specimen to suppress frost growth during cryomicroscopy. Specifically, fluorescently tagged rat brain vessels were frozen on a silicon nitride window with an ice frame, and the luminescence of the fluorescent tag was improved by a factor of 6 compared to a similar specimen in only a nitrogen purge environment. These findings suggest that the simple implementation of a hygroscopic ice frame surrounding the specimen can substantially improve the visual clarity for cryomicroscopy, beyond that of a vacuum or nitrogen purge system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Lowery
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ashwin Ambi
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Lisa M. Miller
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Boreyko
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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9
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Aaseth JO, Nurchi VM. Chelation Combination-A Strategy to Mitigate the Neurotoxicity of Manganese, Iron, and Copper? Biomolecules 2022; 12:1713. [PMID: 36421727 PMCID: PMC9687779 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The chelating thiol dimercaptosuccinate (DMSA) and the traditional agent D-penicillamine (PSH) are effective in enhancing the urinary excretion of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in poisoned individuals. However, DMSA, PSH, EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetate), and deferoxamine (DFOA) are water-soluble agents with limited access to the central nervous system (CNS). Strategies for mobilization of metals such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and Cu from brain deposits may require the combined use of two agents: one water-soluble agent to remove circulating metal into urine, in addition to an adjuvant shuttler to facilitate the brain-to-blood mobilization. The present review discusses the chemical basis of metal chelation and the ligand exchange of metal ions. To obtain increased excretion of Mn, Cu, and Fe, early experiences showed promising results for CaEDTA, PSH, and DFOA, respectively. Recent experiments have indicated that p-amino salicylate (PAS) plus CaEDTA may be a useful combination to remove Mn from binding sites in CNS, while the deferasirox-DFOA and the tetrathiomolybdate-DMSA combinations may be preferable to promote mobilization of Fe and Cu, respectively, from the CNS. Further research is requested to explore benefits of chelator combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O. Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 104, N-2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Valeria M. Nurchi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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10
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Cerebral Iron Deposition in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050714. [PMID: 35625641 PMCID: PMC9138489 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of cerebral iron regulation appears to have a role in aging and in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Possible unfavorable impacts of iron accumulation include reactive oxygen species generation, induction of ferroptosis, and acceleration of inflammatory changes. Whole-brain iron-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques allow the examination of macroscopic patterns of brain iron deposits in vivo, while modern analytical methods ex vivo enable the determination of metal-specific content inside individual cell-types, sometimes also within specific cellular compartments. The present review summarizes the whole brain, cellular, and subcellular patterns of iron accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases of genetic and sporadic origin. We also provide an update on mechanisms, biomarkers, and effects of brain iron accumulation in these disorders, focusing on recent publications. In Parkinson’s disease, Friedreich’s disease, and several disorders within the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation group, there is a focal siderosis, typically in regions with the most pronounced neuropathological changes. The second group of disorders including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis shows iron accumulation in the globus pallidus, caudate, and putamen, and in specific cortical regions. Yet, other disorders such as aceruloplasminemia, neuroferritinopathy, or Wilson disease manifest with diffuse iron accumulation in the deep gray matter in a pattern comparable to or even more extensive than that observed during normal aging. On the microscopic level, brain iron deposits are present mostly in dystrophic microglia variably accompanied by iron-laden macrophages and in astrocytes, implicating a role of inflammatory changes and blood–brain barrier disturbance in iron accumulation. Options and potential benefits of iron reducing strategies in neurodegeneration are discussed. Future research investigating whether genetic predispositions play a role in brain Fe accumulation is necessary. If confirmed, the prevention of further brain Fe uptake in individuals at risk may be key for preventing neurodegenerative disorders.
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11
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Pushie MJ, Sylvain NJ, Hou H, Hackett MJ, Kelly ME, Webb SM. X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy Methods for Biological Tissues. Metallomics 2022; 14:6581349. [PMID: 35512669 PMCID: PMC9226457 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy is a flexible tool for identifying the distribution of trace elements in biological specimens across a broad range of sample sizes. The technique is not particularly limited by sample type and can be performed on ancient fossils, fixed or fresh tissue specimens, and in some cases even live tissue and live cells can be studied. The technique can also be expanded to provide chemical specificity to elemental maps, either at individual points of interest in a map or across a large field of view. While virtually any sample type can be characterized with X-ray fluorescence microscopy, common biological sample preparation methods (often borrowed from other fields, such as histology) can lead to unforeseen pitfalls, resulting in altered element distributions and concentrations. A general overview of sample preparation and data acquisition methods for X-ray fluorescence microscopy is presented, along with outlining the general approach for applying this technique to a new field of investigation for prospective new-users. Considerations for improving data acquisition and quality are reviewed as well as the effects of sample preparation, with a particular focus on soft tissues. The effects of common sample pre-treatment steps as well as the underlying factors that govern which, and to what extent, specific elements are likely to be altered are reviewed along with common artifacts observed in X-ray fluorescence microscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jake Pushie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5Canada
| | - Nicole J Sylvain
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5Canada.,Clinical Trial Support Unit, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8Canada
| | - Huishu Hou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5Canada
| | - Mark J Hackett
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AUS.,School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, AUS
| | - Michael E Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5Canada
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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12
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Chen L, Dar NJ, Na R, McLane KD, Yoo K, Han X, Ran Q. Enhanced defense against ferroptosis ameliorates cognitive impairment and reduces neurodegeneration in 5xFAD mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:1-12. [PMID: 34998934 PMCID: PMC8840972 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage including lipid peroxidation is widely reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the peroxidation of phospholipids in membranes being the driver of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent oxidative form of cell death. However, the importance of ferroptosis in AD remains unclear. This study tested whether ferroptosis inhibition ameliorates AD. 5xFAD mice, a widely used AD mouse model with cognitive impairment and robust neurodegeneration, exhibit markers of ferroptosis including increased lipid peroxidation, elevated lyso-phospholipids, and reduced level of Gpx4, the master defender against ferroptosis. To determine if enhanced defense against ferroptosis retards disease development, we generated 5xFAD mice that overexpress Gpx4, i.e., 5xFAD/GPX4 mice. Consistent with enhanced defense against ferroptosis, neurons from 5xFAD/GPX4 mice showed an augmented capacity to reduce lipid reactive oxygen species. In addition, compared with control 5xFAD mice, 5xFAD/GPX4 mice showed significantly improved learning and memory abilities and had reduced neurodegeneration. Moreover, 5xFAD/GPX4 mice exhibited attenuated markers of ferroptosis. Our results indicate that enhanced defense against ferroptosis is effective in ameliorating cognitive impairment and decreasing neurodegeneration of 5xFAD mice. The findings support the notion that ferroptosis is a key contributor to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuji Chen
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, USA.
| | | | - Ren Na
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, USA.
| | | | | | - Xianlin Han
- Department of Medicine - Diabetes, USA; Barshop Institute on Longevity and Aging, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Qitao Ran
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, USA; Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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13
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Ellison G, Hollings AL, Hackett MJ. A review of the “metallome” within neurons and glia, as revealed by elemental mapping of brain tissue. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100038. [PMID: 37082604 PMCID: PMC10074908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that transition metals, such as Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) are necessary for healthy brain function. Although Fe, Cu, and Zn are essential to the brain, imbalances in the amount, distribution, or chemical form ("metallome") of these metals is linked to the pathology of numerous brain diseases or disorders. Despite the known importance of metal ions for both brain health and disease, the metallome that exists within specific types of brain cells is yet to be fully characterised. The aim of this mini-review is to present an overview of the current knowledge of the metallome found within specific brain cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons), as revealed by direct elemental mapping techniques. It is hoped this review will foster continued research using direct elemental mapping techniques to fully characterise the brain cell metallome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaewyn Ellison
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ashley L. Hollings
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Cendrowska-Pinkosz M, Krauze M, Juśkiewicz J, Ognik K. The effect of the use of copper carbonate and copper nanoparticles in the diet of rats on the level of β-amyloid and acetylcholinesterase in selected organs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126777. [PMID: 33984546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper has an important role in nervous system function, as a cofactor of many enzymes and in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Both the dose and the chemical form of copper can determine the impact of this element on metabolism, the neurological system and the immune system. AIMS The aim of the study was to determine whether and in what form the addition of copper changes the level of amyloid beta and acetylcholinesterase level in selected rat tissues. METHODS Thirty, healthy, male, albino Wistar rats aged 7 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups. Three experimental treatments were used to evaluate the effects of different levels and sources of Cu (6.5 mg kg of diet) in the diet: Cu0 - rats fed a diet without Cu supplementation; Cusalt - rats fed a diet with CuCO3 (6.5 mg kg of diet) during two months of feeding; CuNPs - rats fed a diet with Cu nanoparticles (6.5 mg kg of diet) during two months of feeding. In blood serum and tissue homogenates there rated the indicators proving the potential neurodegenerative effect and epigenetic DNA damage induced by chemical form of copper or lack of additional copper supplementation in diet were determined. There were analysed: level of acetylcholinesterase, β-amyloid, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, apyrimidinic endonuclease, thymidine glycosidase, alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase and glycosylated acetylcholinesterase. RESULTS Irrespective of the form of copper added, it was found to increase acetylcholinesterase level in the brain, spleen and liver, as well as in the blood plasma of the rats. Copper in the form of CuCO3 was found to increase acetylcholinesterase level in the kidneys. The addition of both forms of copper caused a marked increase in the plasma concentration of β-amyloid in comparison with the diet with no added Cu. The addition of both forms of copper caused a marked increase in the plasma concentration of β-amyloid in comparison with the diet with no added Cu. CONCLUSIONS A lack of added Cu in the diet of rats reduces the concentration of amyloid-β in the blood, whereas administration of copper, in the form of either CuNPs or CuCO3, increases the level of this peptide in the blood. The use of copper in the form of CuNPs in the diet of rats does not increase the level of β-amyloid more than the use of the carbonate form of this element. The use of CuNPs or CuCO3 in the diet of rats increases acetylcholinesterase level in the brain, spleen, liver, and blood. CuNPs in the diet of rats were not found to increase acetylcholinesterase level to a greater extent than Cu+2 carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Krauze
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Biological Function of Food, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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15
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Copper, Iron, Selenium and Lipo-Glycemic Dysmetabolism in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179461. [PMID: 34502369 PMCID: PMC8431716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present review is to discuss traditional hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as the role of metabolic-syndrome-related mechanisms in AD development with a special focus on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their role in metal-induced neurodegeneration in AD. Persistent hyperglycemia along with oxidative stress results in increased protein glycation and formation of AGEs. The latter were shown to possess a wide spectrum of neurotoxic effects including increased Aβ generation and aggregation. In addition, AGE binding to receptor for AGE (RAGE) induces a variety of pathways contributing to neuroinflammation. The existing data also demonstrate that AGE toxicity seems to mediate the involvement of copper (Cu) and potentially other metals in AD pathogenesis. Specifically, Cu promotes AGE formation, AGE-Aβ cross-linking and up-regulation of RAGE expression. Moreover, Aβ glycation was shown to increase prooxidant effects of Cu through Fenton chemistry. Given the role of AGE and RAGE, as well as metal toxicity in AD pathogenesis, it is proposed that metal chelation and/or incretins may slow down oxidative damage. In addition, selenium (Se) compounds seem to attenuate the intracellular toxicity of the deranged tau and Aβ, as well as inhibiting AGE accumulation and metal-induced neurotoxicity.
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16
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Shafer CM, Tseng A, Allard P, McEvoy MM. Strength of Cu-efflux response in E. coli coordinates metal resistance in C. elegans and contributes to the severity of environmental toxicity. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101060. [PMID: 34375643 PMCID: PMC8424214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Without effective homeostatic systems in place, excess copper (Cu) is universally toxic to organisms. While increased utilization of anthropogenic Cu in the environment has driven the diversification of Cu-resistance systems within enterobacteria, little research has focused on how this change in bacterial architecture impacts host organisms that need to maintain their own Cu homeostasis. Therefore, we utilized a simplified host–microbe system to determine whether the efficiency of one bacterial Cu-resistance system, increasing Cu-efflux capacity via the ubiquitous CusRS two-component system, contributes to the availability and subsequent toxicity of Cu in host Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. We found that a fully functional Cu-efflux system in bacteria increased the severity of Cu toxicity in host nematodes without increasing the C. elegans Cu-body burden. Instead, increased Cu toxicity in the host was associated with reduced expression of a protective metal stress-response gene, numr-1, in the posterior pharynx of nematodes where pharyngeal grinding breaks apart ingested bacteria before passing into the digestive tract. The spatial localization of numr-1 transgene activation and loss of bacterially dependent Cu-resistance in nematodes without an effective numr-1 response support the hypothesis that numr-1 is responsive to the bacterial Cu-efflux capacity. We propose that the bacterial Cu-efflux capacity acts as a robust spatial determinant for a host’s response to chronic Cu stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Shafer
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ashley Tseng
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Patrick Allard
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Megan M McEvoy
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics. University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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17
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Gustavsson N, Paulus A, Martinsson I, Engdahl A, Medjoubi K, Klementiev K, Somogyi A, Deierborg T, Borondics F, Gouras GK, Klementieva O. Correlative optical photothermal infrared and X-ray fluorescence for chemical imaging of trace elements and relevant molecular structures directly in neurons. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:151. [PMID: 34294676 PMCID: PMC8298485 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, costing about 1% of the global economy. Failures of clinical trials targeting amyloid-β protein (Aβ), a key trigger of AD, have been explained by drug inefficiency regardless of the mechanisms of amyloid neurotoxicity, which are very difficult to address by available technologies. Here, we combine two imaging modalities that stand at opposite ends of the electromagnetic spectrum, and therefore, can be used as complementary tools to assess structural and chemical information directly in a single neuron. Combining label-free super-resolution microspectroscopy for sub-cellular imaging based on novel optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (S-XRF) nano-imaging techniques, we capture elemental distribution and fibrillary forms of amyloid-β proteins in the same neurons at an unprecedented resolution. Our results reveal that in primary AD-like neurons, iron clusters co-localize with elevated amyloid β-sheet structures and oxidized lipids. Overall, our O-PTIR/S-XRF results motivate using high-resolution multimodal microspectroscopic approaches to understand the role of molecular structures and trace elements within a single neuronal cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Gustavsson
- Medical Microspectroscopy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agnes Paulus
- Medical Microspectroscopy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180, Lund, Sweden
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Lab, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Dementia Research, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Engdahl
- Medical Microspectroscopy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kadda Medjoubi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192, Gif Sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Andrea Somogyi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192, Gif Sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Lab, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ferenc Borondics
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192, Gif Sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oxana Klementieva
- Medical Microspectroscopy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund Institute for advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), 223 70, Lund, Sweden.
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18
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Jamal R, Dihmis OW, Carroll LS, Pengas G. Hypocupraemia-induced anaemia, sensory ataxia and cognitive impairment secondary to zinc-containing dental adhesive. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/7/e239375. [PMID: 34289999 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old man presented with 5 months of worsening memory impairment and sensory gait ataxia on the background of symptomatic anaemia. He experienced falls, agitation and became socially withdrawn over 3 weeks, resulting in hospital admission. On examination, he had sensory gait ataxia consistent with a dorsal column syndrome. He scored 13/30 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Serum analysis showed normocytic anaemia and leucopenia, severe hypocupraemia, reduced caeruloplasmin and normal zinc levels. Overuse of zinc-containing denture cream was the cause of excess zinc ingestion and resultant copper deficiency, leading to blood dyscrasia and myelopathy. The cream was withdrawn and intravenous and then oral copper supplementation was implemented. Direct questions with regard to excess zinc in the diet and serological testing of copper and zinc should be considered in any patient with a dorsal column syndrome, particularly with concurrent anaemia. Copper deficiency may also have a role in exacerbating pre-existing cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Jamal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Liam Stuart Carroll
- Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - George Pengas
- Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
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19
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Chan TG, Ruehl CL, Morse SV, Simon M, Rakers V, Watts H, Aprile FA, Choi JJ, Vilar R. Modulation of amyloid-β aggregation by metal complexes with a dual binding mode and their delivery across the blood-brain barrier using focused ultrasound. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9485-9493. [PMID: 34349923 PMCID: PMC8278877 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide to form fibrils. Consequently, there has been great interest in studying molecules that can disrupt amyloid-β aggregation. While a handful of molecules have been shown to inhibit amyloid-β aggregation in vitro, there remains a lack of in vivo data reported due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, we investigate a series of new metal complexes for their ability to inhibit amyloid-β aggregation in vitro. We demonstrate that octahedral cobalt complexes with polyaromatic ligands have high inhibitory activity thanks to their dual binding mode involving π-π stacking and metal coordination to amyloid-β (confirmed via a range of spectroscopic and biophysical techniques). In addition to their high activity, these complexes are not cytotoxic to human neuroblastoma cells. Finally, we report for the first time that these metal complexes can be safely delivered across the blood-brain barrier to specific locations in the brains of mice using focused ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany G Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- Centre of Excellence in Neurotechnology, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Carmen L Ruehl
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Sophie V Morse
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Michelle Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Viktoria Rakers
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Helena Watts
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London London W12 0NN UK
| | - Francesco A Aprile
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James J Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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20
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Álvarez-Marimon E, Castillo-Michel H, Reyes-Herrera J, Seira J, Aso E, Carmona M, Ferrer I, Cladera J, Benseny-Cases N. Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence and FTIR Signatures for Amyloid Fibrillary and Nonfibrillary Plaques. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1961-1971. [PMID: 33990138 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques are one of the principal hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and are mainly composed of Aβ amyloid peptides together with other components such as lipids, cations, or glycosaminoglycans. The structure of amyloid peptide's aggregates is related to the peptide toxicity and highly depends on the aggregation conditions and the presence of cofactors. While fibrillary aggregates are nowadays considered nontoxic, oligomeric/granular (nonfibrillary) aggregates have been found to be toxic. In this work we have characterized in situ two different types of amyloid deposits analyzing sections of the cortex of patients in advanced stages of Alzheimer disease. By combining SR-μFTIR for the study of the secondary structure of the peptide and ThS fluorescence as an indicator of fibrillary structures, we found two types of plaques: ThS positive plaques with a clear infrared band at 1630 cm-1 that would correspond to fibrillary plaques and ThS negative plaques showing a mixture of nonfibrillar β-sheet and unordered aggregated structures that would correspond to the nonfibrillary plaques (plaques with increased unordered structure). The analysis of the FTIR spectra has allowed correlation of lipid oxidation with the presence of nonfibrillary plaques. The metal composition of the two types of plaques has been analyzed using SR-nano-XRF and XANES. The results have shown higher accumulation of iron (mainly Fe2+) in fibrillary plaques than in nonfibrillary ones. However, in nonfibrillary plaques Fe3+ has been found to predominate over Fe2+. The identification of different types of aggregated forms and the different composition of metals found in the different types of plaques could be of paramount importance for the understanding of the development of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Álvarez-Marimon
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hiram Castillo-Michel
- ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Juan Reyes-Herrera
- ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Jofre Seira
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ester Aso
- Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Carmona
- Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Cladera
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Benseny-Cases
- Consorcio para la Construccion Equipamiento y Explotacion del Laboratorio de Luz Sincrotron, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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21
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Hackett MJ, Hollings AL, Lam V, Takechi R, Mamo JCL, de Jonge MD, Paterson D, Okuyama S. [Mapping the Metallo-maze to Memory Loss: Does Neuronal Metal Ion Deficiency Contribute to Dementia?]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:835-842. [PMID: 34078791 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dementia has no cure and is an international health crisis. In addition to the immeasurable loss of QOL caused by dementia, the global economic cost is predicted to reach $2 trillion (USD) by 2030. Although much remains unknown about the biochemical pathways driving cognitive decline and memory loss during dementia, metals have been implicated in neurodegenerative disease. For example, total levels of Fe and Cu increase, which has been proposed to drive oxidative stress; and Fe, Cu, and Zn can bind amyloid-β, catalysing aggregation and formation of amyloid plaques. Unfortunately, despite these known facets through which metal ions may induce pathology, studies in greater detail have been hampered by a lack of microscopy methods to directly visualise metal ions, and their chemical form, within brain cells. Herein we report the use of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy to simultaneously image Fe, Cu, and Zn within neurons in ex vivo brain tissue sections. Using animal models of dementia, we now demonstrate for the first time that despite global increases in brain metal content and metal ion accumulation within amyloid plaques, key brain regions may also become metal ion deficient. Such deficiency could contribute to cognitive decline because of the essential roles metal ions play in neurotransmitter synthesis and energy metabolism. These recent findings are discussed in the context of memory loss, and the impact that metal ion dis-homeostasis may have on diagnostic and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Hackett
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University.,Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University
| | - Ashley L Hollings
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University.,Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University
| | - John C L Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University
| | | | | | - Satoshi Okuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
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22
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Soldatov M, Polozhentsev O, Zolotukhin P, Belanova A, Cotte M, Castillo-Michel H, Pradas del Real A, Kuchma E, Soldatov A. Micro-XANES analysis of superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles in biological tissues. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Maher P. Modulation of the Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Flavonol Fisetin by the Transition Metals Iron and Copper. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1113. [PMID: 33187316 PMCID: PMC7696754 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations occur in the homeostasis of the transition metals iron (Fe2+) and copper (Cu2+) during aging and these are further amplified in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). These observations suggest that the most effective drug candidates for AD might be those that can reduce these alterations. The flavonoid fisetin has both neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo and can bind both iron and copper suggesting that its chelating activity might play a role in its beneficial effects. To test this idea, the effects of iron and copper on both the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of fisetin were examined. It is shown that while fisetin can reduce the potentiation of cell death by iron and copper in response to treatments that lower glutathione levels, it is much less effective when the metals are combined with other inducers of oxidative stress. In addition, iron but not copper reduces the anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin in a dose-dependent manner. These effects correlate with the ability of iron but not copper to block the induction of the antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2, by fisetin. In contrast, although the flavanone sterubin also binds iron, the metal has no effect on sterubin's ability to induce Nrf2 or protect cells from toxic or pro-inflammatory insults. Together, these results suggest that while iron and copper binding could contribute to the beneficial effects of neuroprotective compounds in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, the consequences of this binding need to be fully examined for each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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24
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Ejaz HW, Wang W, Lang M. Copper Toxicity Links to Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutics Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7660. [PMID: 33081348 PMCID: PMC7589751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, age-related progressive neurological disorder, and the most common type of dementia in aged people. Neuropathological lesions of AD are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and senile plaques comprise the accumulated amyloid-beta (Aβ), loaded with metal ions including Cu, Fe, or Zn. Some reports have identified metal dyshomeostasis as a neurotoxic factor of AD, among which Cu ions seem to be a central cationic metal in the formation of plaque and soluble oligomers, and have an essential role in the AD pathology. Cu-Aβ complex catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative damage. Several studies have indicated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The connection of copper levels in AD is still ambiguous, as some researches indicate a Cu deficiency, while others show its higher content in AD, and therefore there is a need to increase and decrease its levels in animal models, respectively, to study which one is the cause. For more than twenty years, many in vitro studies have been devoted to identifying metals' roles in Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and neurotoxicity. Towards the end, a short review of the modern therapeutic approach in chelation therapy, with the main focus on Cu ions, is discussed. Despite the lack of strong proofs of clinical advantage so far, the conjecture that using a therapeutic metal chelator is an effective strategy for AD remains popular. However, some recent reports of genetic-regulating copper transporters in AD models have shed light on treating this refractory disease. This review aims to succinctly present a better understanding of Cu ions' current status in several AD features, and some conflicting reports are present herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafza Wajeeha Ejaz
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth WA6027, Australia;
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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25
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Schmued L, Raymick J, Sarkar S. High Contrast and Resolution Labeling of Amyloid Plaques in Tissue Sections from APP-PS1 Mice and Humans with Alzheimer's Disease with the Zinc Chelator HQ-O: Practical and Theoretical Considerations. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:577-586. [PMID: 31345150 PMCID: PMC6807259 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190725155038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Various methodologies have been employed for the localization of amyloid plaques in numerous studies on Alzheimer’s disease. The majority of these stains are thought to label the plaques by virtue of their affinity for aggregated Aβ. However, plaques are known to contain numerous other components, including multivalent metals such as zinc. Objective: This investigates whether it is possible to localize the presence of zinc in parenchymal and vascular amyloid plaques in afflicted brains. To accomplish this, a novel fluorescent zinc chelator, HQ-O, was investigated to determine its mechanism of binding and to optimize a stain for the high contrast and resolution histological localization of amyloid plaques. Methods: A novel zinc chelator, HQ-O, was developed for localizing zinc within amyloid plaques. The histology involves incubating tissue sections in a dilute aqueous solution of HQ-O. Its compatibility with a variety of other fluorescent methodologies is described. Results: All amyloid plaques are stained in fine detail and appear bright green under blue light excitation. The staining of parenchymal plaques correlates closely with that seen following staining with antibodies to Aβ, however, the HQ-O sometimes also label additional globular structures within blood vessels. In situ mechanistic studies revealed that fluorescent plaque-like structures are only observed with HQ-O when synthetic Aβx-42 is aggregated in the presence of zinc. Conclusion: Zinc is intimately bound to all amyloid plaques, which was demonstrated by its histological localization using a novel fluorescent zinc chelator, HQ-O. Additionally, the tracer is also capable of labeling intravascular leucocytes due to their high zinc content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Schmued
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, United States
| | - James Raymick
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, United States
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, United States
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26
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Gurel B, Cansev M, Koc C, Ocalan B, Cakir A, Aydin S, Kahveci N, Ulus IH, Sahin B, Basar MK, Baykal AT. Proteomics Analysis of CA1 Region of the Hippocampus in Pre-, Progression and Pathological Stages in a Mouse Model of the Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:613-621. [PMID: 31362689 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190730155926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CA1 subregion of the hippocampal formation is one of the primarily affected structures in AD, yet not much is known about proteome alterations in the extracellular milieu of this region. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to identify the protein expression alterations throughout the pre-pathological, progression and pathological stages of AD mouse model. METHODS The CA1 region perfusates were collected by in-vivo intracerebral push-pull perfusion from transgenic 5XFAD mice and their non-transgenic littermates at 3, 6 and 12 wereβmonths of age. Morris water maze test and immunohistochemistry staining of A performed to determine the stages of the disease in this mouse model. The protein expression differences were analyzed by label-free shotgun proteomics analysis. RESULTS A total of 251, 213 and 238 proteins were identified in samples obtained from CA1 regions of mice at 3, 6 and 12 months of age, respectively. Of these, 68, 41 and 33 proteins showed statistical significance. Pathway analysis based on the unique and common proteins within the groups revealed that several pathways are dysregulated during different stages of AD. The alterations in glucose and lipid metabolisms respectively in pre-pathologic and progression stages of the disease, lead to imbalances in ROS production via diminished SOD level and impairment of neuronal integrity. CONCLUSION We conclude that CA1 region-specific proteomic analysis of hippocampal degeneration may be useful in identifying the earliest as well as progressional changes that are associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Gurel
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cansev
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Cansu Koc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Busra Ocalan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aysen Cakir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sami Aydin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Kahveci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ismail Hakki Ulus
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Sahin
- Acibadem Labmed R&D Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Karayel Basar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Zhu X, Victor TW, Ambi A, Sullivan JK, Hatfield J, Xu F, Miller LM, Van Nostrand WE. Copper accumulation and the effect of chelation treatment on cerebral amyloid angiopathy compared to parenchymal amyloid plaques. Metallomics 2020; 12:539-546. [PMID: 32104807 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of fibrillar amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in parenchymal plaques and in blood vessels of the brain, the latter condition known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), are hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders. Cerebral amyloid deposits have been reported to accumulate various metals, most notably copper and zinc. Here we show that, in human AD, copper is preferentially accumulated in amyloid-containing brain blood vessels compared to parenchymal amyloid plaques. In light of this observation, we evaluated the effects of reducing copper levels in Tg2576 mice, a transgenic model of AD amyloid pathologies. The copper chelator, tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), was administered to twelve month old Tg2576 mice for a period of five months. Copper chelation treatment significantly reduced both CAA and parenchymal plaque load in Tg2576 mice. Further, copper chelation reduced parenchymal plaque copper content but had no effect on CAA copper levels in this model. These findings indicate that copper is associated with both CAA deposits and parenchymal amyloid plaques in humans, but less in Tg2576 mice. TTM only reduces copper levels in plaques in Tg2576 mice. Reducing copper levels in the brain may beneficially lower amyloid pathologies associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayoue Zhu
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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28
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Victor TW, O'Toole KH, Easthon LM, Ge M, Smith RJ, Huang X, Yan H, Chu YS, Chen S, Gursoy D, Ralle M, Imperiali B, Allen KN, Miller LM. Lanthanide-Binding Tags for 3D X-ray Imaging of Proteins in Cells at Nanoscale Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2145-2149. [PMID: 31923358 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the application of lanthanide-binding tags (LBTs) for two- and three-dimensional X-ray imaging of individual proteins in cells with a sub-15 nm beam. The method combines encoded LBTs, which are tags of minimal size (ca. 15-20 amino acids) affording high-affinity lanthanide ion binding, and X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). This approach enables visualization of LBT-tagged proteins while simultaneously measuring the elemental distribution in cells at a spatial resolution necessary for visualizing cell membranes and eukaryotic subcellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Victor
- National Synchrotron Light Source II , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Katherine H O'Toole
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Lindsey M Easthon
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Mingyuan Ge
- National Synchrotron Light Source II , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Randy J Smith
- National Synchrotron Light Source II , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Yong S Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Si Chen
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Doga Gursoy
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60298 , United States
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics , Oregon Health Science University , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Department of Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Karen N Allen
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Lisa M Miller
- National Synchrotron Light Source II , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
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29
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Leary SC, Ralle M. Advances in visualization of copper in mammalian systems using X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 55:19-25. [PMID: 31911338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) has become an important imaging technique to investigate elemental concentrations and distributions in biological specimens. Advances in technology now permit imaging at resolutions rivaling that of electron microscopy, and researchers can now visualize elemental concentrations in subcellular organelles when using appropriate correlative methods. XFM is an especially valuable tool to determine the distribution of endogenous trace metals that are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the latest research on the unusual copper (Cu) storage vesicles that were originally identified in mouse brains and the involvement of Cu in Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we provide an outlook of how future improvements to XFM will drive current trace element research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scot C Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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30
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Du Z, Yu D, Du X, Scott P, Ren J, Qu X. Self-triggered click reaction in an Alzheimer's disease model: in situ bifunctional drug synthesis catalyzed by neurotoxic copper accumulated in amyloid-β plaques. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10343-10350. [PMID: 32110322 PMCID: PMC6984331 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu is one of the essential elements for life. Its dyshomeostasis has been demonstrated to be closely related to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and Cu accumulation. It is a great challenge as to how to take advantage of neurotoxic Cu to fight disease and make it helpful. Herein, we report that the accumulated Cu in Aβ plaques can effectively catalyze an azide-alkyne bioorthogonal cycloaddition reaction for fluorophore activation and drug synthesis in living cells, a transgenic AD model of Caenorhabditis elegans CL2006, and brain slices of triple transgenic AD mice. More importantly, the in situ synthesized bifunctional drug 6 can disassemble Aβ-Cu aggregates by extracting Cu and photo-oxygenating Aβ synergistically, suppressing Aβ-mediated paralysis and diminishing the locomotion defects of the AD model CL2006 strain. Our results demonstrate that taking the accumulated Cu ions in the Aβ plaque for an in situ click reaction can achieve both a self-triggered and self-regulated drug synthesis for AD therapy. To the best of our knowledge, a click reaction catalyzed by local Cu in a physiological environment has not been reported. This work may open up a new avenue for in situ multifunctional drug synthesis by using endogenous neurotoxic metal ions for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Du
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
| | - Dongqin Yu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230029 , China
| | - Xiubo Du
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518060 , China
| | - Peter Scott
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
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31
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Svobodová H, Kosnáč D, Balázsiová Z, Tanila H, Miettinen P, Sierra A, Vitovič P, Wagner A, Polák Š, Kopáni M. Elevated age-related cortical iron, ferritin and amyloid plaques in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Physiol Res 2019; 68:S445-S451. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is very important element for functioning of the brain. Its concentration changes with aging the brain or during disease. The aim of our work was the histological examination of content of ferritin and free iron (unbound) in brain cortex in association with Aβ plaques from their earliest stages of accumulation in amyloid plaque forming APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Light microscopy revealed the onset of plaques formation at 8-monthage. Detectable traces of free iron and no ferritin were found around plaques at this age, while the rate of their accumulation in and around Aβ plaques was elevated at 13 months of age. Ferritin accumulated mainly on the edge of Aβ plaques, while the smaller amount of free iron was observed in the plaque-free tissue, as well as in and around Aβ plaques. We conclude that free iron and ferritin accumulation follows the amyloid plaques formation. Quantification of cortical iron and ferritin content can be an important marker in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Svobodová
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine and Department of simulation and virtual medical education, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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32
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Rana M, Sharma AK. Cu and Zn interactions with Aβ peptides: consequence of coordination on aggregation and formation of neurotoxic soluble Aβ oligomers. Metallomics 2019; 11:64-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00203g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of transition metal ions (Fe, Cu, Zn) with the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to its repercussions in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer 305817
- India
| | - Anuj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer 305817
- India
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33
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Fimognari N, Hollings A, Lam V, Tidy RJ, Kewish CM, Albrecht MA, Takechi R, Mamo JCL, Hackett MJ. Biospectroscopic Imaging Provides Evidence of Hippocampal Zn Deficiency and Decreased Lipid Unsaturation in an Accelerated Aging Mouse Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2774-2785. [PMID: 29901988 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Western society is facing a health epidemic due to the increasing incidence of dementia in aging populations, and there are still few effective diagnostic methods, minimal treatment options, and no cure. Aging is the greatest risk factor for memory loss that occurs during the natural aging process, as well as being the greatest risk factor for neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. Greater understanding of the biochemical pathways that drive a healthy aging brain toward dementia (pathological aging or Alzheimer's disease), is required to accelerate the development of improved diagnostics and therapies. Unfortunately, many animal models of dementia model chronic amyloid precursor protein overexpression, which although highly relevant to mechanisms of amyloidosis and familial Alzheimer's disease, does not model well dementia during the natural aging process. A promising animal model reported to model mechanisms of accelerated natural aging and memory impairments, is the senescence accelerated murine prone strain 8 (SAMP8), which has been adopted by many research group to study the biochemical transitions that occur during brain aging. A limitation to traditional methods of biochemical characterization is that many important biochemical and elemental markers (lipid saturation, lactate, transition metals) cannot be imaged at meso- or microspatial resolution. Therefore, in this investigation, we report the first multimodal biospectroscopic characterization of the SAMP8 model, and have identified important biochemical and elemental alterations, and colocalizations, between 4 month old SAMP8 mice and the relevant control (SAMR1) mice. Specifically, we demonstrate direct evidence of Zn deficiency within specific subregions of the hippocampal CA3 sector, which colocalize with decreased lipid unsaturation. Our findings also revealed colocalization of decreased lipid unsaturation and increased lactate in the corpus callosum white matter, adjacent to the hippocampus. Such findings may have important implication for future research aimed at elucidating specific biochemical pathways for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Fimognari
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ashley Hollings
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Tidy
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Cameron M. Kewish
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Albrecht
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ryu Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - John C. L. Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia
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Wehbe M, Leung AWY, Abrams MJ, Orvig C, Bally MB. A Perspective - can copper complexes be developed as a novel class of therapeutics? Dalton Trans 2018; 46:10758-10773. [PMID: 28702645 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01955f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although copper-ligand complexes appear to be promising as a new class of therapeutics, other than the family of copper(ii) coordination compounds referred to as casiopeínas these compounds have yet to reach the clinic for human use. The pharmaceutical challenges associated with developing copper-based therapeutics will be presented in this article along with a discussion of the potential for high-throughput chemistry, computer-aided drug design, and nanotechnology to address the development of this important class of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Wehbe
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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35
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Zengin G, Uysal A, Diuzheva A, Gunes E, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Picot-Allain CMN, Mahomoodally MF. Characterization of phytochemical components of Ferula halophila extracts using HPLC-MS/MS and their pharmacological potentials: a multi-functional insight. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:374-382. [PMID: 30121555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory action of F. halophila extracts (acetone, chloroform, and methanol) against key enzymes linked to diabetes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase), cognitive functions (acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), butyryl cholinesterase (BChE)), and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase) was assessed. The mutagenic/antimutagenic activities were assessed and the phytochemical profile established by HPLC-MS/MS. The acetone extract showed the highest phenolic (55.22 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid (34.52 mg RE/g extract) contents. The chloroform extract was a potent inhibitor of cholinesterases (4.86 and 6.13 mg GALAE/g extract, against AChE and BChE, respectively). Cinnamic acid derivatives (methyl cinnamate, ferulic acid, methoxycinnamic acid isomer) were identified in the chloroform extract. Methanol extract showed potent inhibitory action against tyrosinase (137.63 mg KAE/g extract) and glucosidase (43.02 mmol ACAE/g extract). The chloroform extract (32.07 mg EDTAE/g extract) showed potent metal chelating potential. The neuroprotective action of the chloroform extract might be attributed to the metal chelating action coupled by the cholinesterase inhibitory potential. F. halophila showed no mutagenic capacity. When combined with 2-aminoflouren and 2-aminoanthracene, the acetone and chloroform extracts revealed excellent antimutagenicity in the presence of metabolic activation enzymes for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. The observed inhibitory effects of F. halophila against the studied enzyme suggest that this plant could be a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals for the management of clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- Department of Medicinal Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Alina Diuzheva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Erdogan Gunes
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - József Jekő
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza, Hungary; Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
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36
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Lanza V, Bellia F, Rizzarelli E. An inorganic overview of natural Aβ fragments: Copper(II) and zinc(II)-mediated pathways. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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37
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Porcaro F, Roudeau S, Carmona A, Ortega R. Advances in element speciation analysis of biomedical samples using synchrotron-based techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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38
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39
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Garza-Lombó C, Posadas Y, Quintanar L, Gonsebatt ME, Franco R. Neurotoxicity Linked to Dysfunctional Metal Ion Homeostasis and Xenobiotic Metal Exposure: Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1669-1703. [PMID: 29402131 PMCID: PMC5962337 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Essential metals such as copper, iron, manganese, and zinc play a role as cofactors in the activity of a wide range of processes involved in cellular homeostasis and survival, as well as during organ and tissue development. Throughout our life span, humans are also exposed to xenobiotic metals from natural and anthropogenic sources, including aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. It is well recognized that alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and an increased environmental/occupational exposure to xenobiotic metals are linked to several neurological disorders, including neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental alterations. Recent Advances: The redox activity of essential metals is key for neuronal homeostasis and brain function. Alterations in redox homeostasis and signaling are central to the pathological consequences of dysfunctional metal ion homeostasis and increased exposure to xenobiotic metals. Both redox-active and redox-inactive metals trigger oxidative stress and damage in the central nervous system, and the exact mechanisms involved are starting to become delineated. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we aim to appraise the role of essential metals in determining the redox balance in the brain and the mechanisms by which alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and exposure to xenobiotic metals disturb the cellular redox balance and signaling. We focus on recent literature regarding their transport, metabolism, and mechanisms of toxicity in neural systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Delineating the specific mechanisms by which metals alter redox homeostasis is key to understand the pathological processes that convey chronic neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1669-1703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska.,2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Yanahi Posadas
- 3 Departamentos de Farmacología y de, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México .,4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- 4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- 2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
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Bagheri S, Squitti R, Haertlé T, Siotto M, Saboury AA. Role of Copper in the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease Compared to Other Metals. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:446. [PMID: 29472855 PMCID: PMC5810277 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by amyloid plaques in patients' brain tissue. The plaques are mainly made of β-amyloid peptides and trace elements including Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+. Some studies have shown that AD can be considered a type of metal dyshomeostasis. Among metal ions involved in plaques, numerous studies have focused on copper ions, which seem to be one of the main cationic elements in plaque formation. The involvement of copper in AD is controversial, as some studies show a copper deficiency in AD, and consequently a need to enhance copper levels, while other data point to copper overload and therefore a need to reduce copper levels. In this paper, the role of copper ions in AD and some contradictory reports are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Thomas Haertlé
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Equipe Fonctions et Interactions des Protéines, Nantes, France
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Ali A. Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Summers KL, Fimognari N, Hollings A, Kiernan M, Lam V, Tidy RJ, Paterson D, Tobin MJ, Takechi R, George GN, Pickering IJ, Mamo JC, Harris HH, Hackett MJ. A Multimodal Spectroscopic Imaging Method To Characterize the Metal and Macromolecular Content of Proteinaceous Aggregates (“Amyloid Plaques”). Biochemistry 2017; 56:4107-4116. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Summers
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Nicholas Fimognari
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Ashley Hollings
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
- Curtin Institute
of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Mitchell Kiernan
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
- Curtin Institute
of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- School of
Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Tidy
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
- Curtin Institute
of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - David Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3068, Australia
| | - Mark J. Tobin
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3068, Australia
| | - Ryu Takechi
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- School of
Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - John C. Mamo
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- School of
Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
- Curtin Institute
of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
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42
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James SA, Churches QI, de Jonge MD, Birchall IE, Streltsov V, McColl G, Adlard PA, Hare DJ. Iron, Copper, and Zinc Concentration in Aβ Plaques in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Correlates with Metal Levels in the Surrounding Neuropil. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:629-637. [PMID: 27958708 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metal ions of iron, copper, and zinc have long been associated with the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer's disease; an interaction that has been suggested to promote increased oxidative stress and neuronal dysfunction. We examined plaque metal load in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice using X-ray fluorescence microscopy to assess how the anatomical location of Aβ plaques was influenced by the metal content of surrounding tissue. Immunohistochemical staining of Aβ plaques colocalized with areas of increased X-ray scattering power in unstained tissue sections, allowing direct X-ray based-assessment of plaque metal levels in sections subjected to minimal chemical fixation. We identified and mapped 48 individual plaques in four subregions of the hippocampus from four biological replicates. Iron, Cu, and Zn areal concentrations (ng cm-2) were increased in plaques compared to the surrounding neuropil. However, this elevation in metal load reflected the local metal makeup of the surrounding neuropil, where different brain regions are enriched for different metal ions. After correcting for tissue density, only Zn levels remained elevated in plaques. This study suggests that the in vivo binding of Zn to plaques is not simply due to increased protein deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A. James
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Quentin I. Churches
- Biomedical
Manufacturing,
CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - Ian E. Birchall
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Victor Streltsov
- Biomedical
Manufacturing,
CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Gawain McColl
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul A. Adlard
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Elemental
Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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43
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Squitti R, Siotto M, Arciello M, Rossi L. Non-ceruloplasmin bound copper and ATP7B gene variants in Alzheimer's disease. Metallomics 2016; 8:863-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ATP7B, a protein mainly expressed in the hepatocytes, is a copper chaperone that loads the metal into the serum copper–protein ceruloplasmin during its synthesis and also escorts superfluous copper into the bile, by a sophisticated trafficking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli
- 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - M. Siotto
- Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS Foundation
- Milan, Italy
| | - M. Arciello
- Department of Biology
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
| | - L. Rossi
- Department of Biology
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (I.N.B.B.)
- Rome, Italy
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44
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Meadowcroft MD, Connor JR, Yang QX. Cortical iron regulation and inflammatory response in Alzheimer's disease and APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 mice: a histological perspective. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:255. [PMID: 26257600 PMCID: PMC4511841 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of iron homeostasis and increased glial response are known to occur in brains afflicted by Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model recapitulates the hallmark amyloid-beta plaque pathology of AD, it does so in a different neuronal mileu than humans. Understanding the iron characteristics and glial response of the APP/PS1 model is important when testing new treatment procedures and translating these results. Brain tissue from AD patients, APP/PS1 mice, and controls were stained for iron, H- and L-ferritin, microglia, astrocytes, Aβ40∕42, and degenerating neurons. The histological data demonstrate differences in ferritin, iron distribution, gliosis, and Aβ plaque composition between APP/PS1 and AD tissue. Specifically, an association between focal iron deposition and Aβ plaques is found ubiquitously throughout the AD tissue and is not observed in the APP/PS1 mouse model. Ferritin, microglia, and astrocyte staining show differential response patterns to amyloid plaques in AD and the APP/PS1 tissue. Aβ 40 and 42 antibody and thioflavin staining demonstrate morphological differences in plaque composition. The histological data support the hypothesis that iron distribution, iron management, and glial response histologically differ between the APP/PS1 and AD brain. Acknowledging the caveat that there are distinct plaque, iron, and glial contrasts between the AD brain and the APP/PS1 mouse is crucial when utilizing this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Meadowcroft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine Hershey, PA, USA ; Department of Radiology (The Center for NMR Research), Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Qing X Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine Hershey, PA, USA ; Department of Radiology (The Center for NMR Research), Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine Hershey, PA, USA
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45
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Pushie MJ, Pickering I, Korbas M, Hackett MJ, George GN. Elemental and chemically specific X-ray fluorescence imaging of biological systems. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8499-541. [PMID: 25102317 PMCID: PMC4160287 DOI: 10.1021/cr4007297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jake Pushie
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ingrid
J. Pickering
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology
Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Canadian
Light Source Inc., 44
Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University
of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology
Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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46
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New perspectives on oxidized genome damage and repair inhibition by pro-oxidant metals in neurological diseases. Biomolecules 2014; 4:678-703. [PMID: 25036887 PMCID: PMC4192668 DOI: 10.3390/biom4030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cause(s) of neuronal death in most cases of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are still unknown. However, the association of certain etiological factors, e.g., oxidative stress, protein misfolding/aggregation, redox metal accumulation and various types of damage to the genome, to pathological changes in the affected brain region(s) have been consistently observed. While redox metal toxicity received major attention in the last decade, its potential as a therapeutic target is still at a cross-roads, mostly because of the lack of mechanistic understanding of metal dyshomeostasis in affected neurons. Furthermore, previous studies have established the role of metals in causing genome damage, both directly and via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but little was known about their impact on genome repair. Our recent studies demonstrated that excess levels of iron and copper observed in neurodegenerative disease-affected brain neurons could not only induce genome damage in neurons, but also affect their repair by oxidatively inhibiting NEIL DNA glycosylases, which initiate the repair of oxidized DNA bases. The inhibitory effect was reversed by a combination of metal chelators and reducing agents, which underscore the need for elucidating the molecular basis for the neuronal toxicity of metals in order to develop effective therapeutic approaches. In this review, we have focused on the oxidative genome damage repair pathway as a potential target for reducing pro-oxidant metal toxicity in neurological diseases.
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47
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Rosania K. Alzheimer's disease linked to brain copper buildup. Lab Anim (NY) 2013; 42:346. [PMID: 24051629 DOI: 10.1038/laban.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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