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Wang Y, Li J, Hu H, Wu Y, Chen S, Feng X, Wang T, Wang Y, Wu S, Luo H. Distinct microbiome of tongue coating and gut in type 2 diabetes with yellow tongue coating. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22615. [PMID: 38163136 PMCID: PMC10756968 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the inconvenience of obtaining fecal samples hinders the clinical application of gut microbiome analysis. In this study, we hypothesized that tongue coating color is associated with the severity of T2DM. Therefore, we aimed to compare tongue coating, gut microbiomes, and various clinical parameters between patients with T2DM with yellow (YC) and non-yellow tongue coatings (NYC). Tongue coating and gut microbiomes of 27 patients with T2DM (13 with YC and 14 with NYC) were analyzed using 16S rDNA gene sequencing technology. Additionally, we measured glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), random blood glucose (RBG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), insulin (INS), glucagon (GC), body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) levels for each patient. The correlation between tongue coating and the gut microbiomes was also analyzed. Our findings provide evidence that the levels of Lactobacillus spp. are significantly higher in both the tongue coating and the gut microbiomes of patients with YC. Additionally, we observed that elevated INS and GC levels, along with decreased BMI and HOMA-β levels, were indicative of a more severe condition in patients with T2DM with YC. Moreover, our results suggest that the composition of the tongue coating may reflect the presence of Lactobacillus spp. in the gut. These results provide insights regarding the potential relationship between tongue coating color, the gut microbiome, and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Haiying Hu
- West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yalan Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Song Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangrong Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yinrong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Su Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Huanhuan Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Eligini S, Porro B, Werba JP, Capra N, Genovese S, Greco A, Cavalca V, Banfi C. Oxidative Stress and Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in Red Blood Cells Derived from Patients with Prediabetes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061407. [PMID: 35740426 PMCID: PMC9219800 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on red blood cells (RBCs) have not been thoroughly investigated, although it is known that the ingestion of 75 g of glucose during OGTT results in a systemic state of inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of OGTT on oxidative stress and L-arginine/Nitric Oxide (L-Arg/NO) metabolic pathway in RBCs obtained from patients with prediabetes. Blood samples were collected from all participants before (T0) and at 10 (T1), 20 (T2), 30 (T3), 60 (T4), 90 (T5), 120 (T6), 150 (T7), and 180 (T8) minutes after glucose loading. Results showed a significant increase in oxidative stress status characterized by a rise in the GSSG/GSH ratio at T4 and T6 that increased in parallel with a reduction of NO production in RBCs. In addition, in this time frame, increased exposure of phosphatidylserine on RBCs membrane was observed. These metabolic modifications were rescued at T8, together with an increase in activated RBC NO synthase expression. These findings provide a possible explanation of the phenomena occurring after glucose loading and suggest that, even in the early stages of diabetes, it may be important to avoid acute variations in glycemia in order to prevent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Eligini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy; (S.E.); (B.P.); (N.C.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Benedetta Porro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy; (S.E.); (B.P.); (N.C.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
| | - José Pablo Werba
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy; (S.E.); (B.P.); (N.C.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicolò Capra
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy; (S.E.); (B.P.); (N.C.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefano Genovese
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy; (S.E.); (B.P.); (N.C.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Arianna Greco
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy; (S.E.); (B.P.); (N.C.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Viviana Cavalca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy; (S.E.); (B.P.); (N.C.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
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Otunga GN, Maiyoh GK, Macharia BN, Tuei VC. Transformer mineral oil ingestion induces systemic sub-acute toxicity in Wistar rats. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02998. [PMID: 31867465 PMCID: PMC6906677 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential toxicities associated with the sub-acute ingestion of transformer mineral oil (TMO) at a heated low dose (HLD-50 mg/kg), heated high dose (HHD-500 mg/kg) and unheated high dose (UHD-500 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. There were increases in red blood cells and haemoglobin levels in HHD females and UHD males respectively versus control. The serum total proteins, albumin, and creatinine of the HHD females showed a significant increase versus control. The HHD males and UHD groups showed significant increase in liver malondialdehyde versus control. The livers of HHD groups had bile duct proliferation while those of HLD females and UHD groups showed focal areas of periportal chronic inflammation. HHD groups had kidneys with mild chronic inflammation and the HHD and UHD groups showed small intestines with chronic inflammation. In conclusion, sub-acute oral administration of TMO induced various degrees of dermal, haematological, hepatic, renal and small-intestinal toxicities in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace N Otunga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey K Maiyoh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Moi University, P.O Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Benson N Macharia
- Department of Human Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Moi University, P.O Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Vivian C Tuei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
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Xu L, Wang L, Huang X, Liu L, Ke W, He X, Huang Z, Liu J, Wan X, Cao X, Li Y. Baseline red blood cell distribution width predicts long-term glycemic remission in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 131:33-41. [PMID: 28672172 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We explored whether red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a routinely checked item of complete blood cell counts, was an indicator of long-term euglycemia remission in patients with type 2 diabetes after short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). METHODS We analyzed the original data of patients enrolled in three randomized control trials from 2002 to 2014. CSII was administered to drug-naїve patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to achieve and maintain euglycemia for 2weeks. RESULTS A total of 185 patients were involved and 98 patients (52.97%) who achieved and maintained euglycemia for at least 12months were classified as the remission group, and the others as the non-remission group. Patients in remission group had a relatively lower value for baseline RDW (38.82±2.76vs 39.89±2.78fL, p=0.017) compared with those in non-remission group. A graded decrease of remission rate (67.50%, 55.00%, 53.66% and 30.77% for Quartile 1 to Quartile 4 respectively, P<0.05) was observed with the increasing of RDWs. The risk of hyperglycemic relapse was significantly increased for those in the highest quartile compared with the lowest (hazard ratio=2.68; 95% CI, 1.38-5.22). Those who achieved euglycemia within 7days or obtained a better fasting glucose after therapy had preferable remission rates. CONCLUSIONS Patients with lower baseline RDWs are more likely to maintain a one-year euglycemia remission after short-term CSII. A faster normalization of glucose during treatment and a lower fasting glucose after therapy are correlated with a long-term glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58th of Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangjiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58th of Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liehua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58th of Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Ke
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58th of Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58th of Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58th of Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58th of Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesi Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58th of Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58th of Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58th of Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China.
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