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Paldor I, Madrer N, Vaknine Treidel S, Shulman D, Greenberg DS, Soreq H. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood profiles of transfer RNA fragments show age, sex, and Parkinson's disease-related changes. J Neurochem 2023; 164:671-683. [PMID: 36354307 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) have recently been shown to be an important family of small regulatory RNAs with diverse functions. Recent reports have revealed modified tRF blood levels in a number of nervous system conditions including epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about tRF levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To address this issue, we studied age, sex, and Parkinson's disease (PD) effects on the distributions of tRFs in the CSF and blood data of healthy controls and PD patients from the NIH and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) small RNA-seq datasets. We discovered that long tRFs are expressed in higher levels in the CSF than in the blood. Furthermore, the CSF showed a pronounced age-associated decline in the level of tRFs cleaved from the 3'-end and anti-codon loop of the parental tRNA (3'-tRFs, i-tRFs), and more pronounced profile differences than the blood profiles between the sexes. In comparison, we observed moderate age-related elevation of blood 3'-tRF levels. In addition, distinct sets of tRFs in the CSF and in the blood segregated PD patients from controls. Finally, we found enrichment of tRFs predicted to target cholinergic mRNAs (Cholino-tRFs) among mitochondrial-originated tRFs, raising the possibility that the neurodegeneration-related mitochondrial impairment in PD patients may lead to deregulation of their cholinergic tone. Our findings demonstrate that the CSF and blood tRF profiles are distinct and that the CSF tRF profiles are modified in a sex-, age-, and disease-related manner, suggesting that they reflect the inter-individual cerebral differences and calling for incorporating this important subset of small RNA regulators into future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iddo Paldor
- The Neurosurgery Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nimrod Madrer
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shani Vaknine Treidel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Shulman
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David S Greenberg
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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2
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Involvement of host microRNAs in flavivirus-induced neuropathology: An update. J Biosci 2022. [PMID: 36222134 PMCID: PMC9425815 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a spectrum of vector-borne RNA viruses that cause potentially severe diseases in humans including encephalitis, acute-flaccid paralysis, cognitive disorders and foetal abnormalities. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are globally emerging pathogens that lead to epidemics and outbreaks with continued transmission to newer geographical areas over time. In the past decade, studies have focussed on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of these viruses in a bid to alleviate their disease burden. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded RNAs that have emerged as master-regulators of cellular gene expression. The dynamics of miRNAs within a cell have the capacity to modulate hundreds of genes and, consequently, their physiological manifestation. Increasing evidence suggests their role in host response to disease and infection including cell survival, intracellular viral replication and immune activation. In this review, we aim to comprehensively update published evidence on the role of miRNAs in host cells infected with the common neurotropic flaviviruses, with an increased focus on neuropathogenic mechanisms. In addition, we briefly cover therapeutic advancements made in the context of miRNA-based antiviral strategies.
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3
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Noronha O, Mesarosovo L, Anink JJ, Iyer A, Aronica E, Mills JD. Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061034. [PMID: 35741796 PMCID: PMC9222420 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) have cures, and the underlying mechanism of their pathogenesis is undetermined. As miRNAs extensively regulate all biological processes and are crucial regulators of healthy brain function, miRNAs differentially expressed in NDDs may provide insight into the factors that contribute to the emergence of protein inclusions and the propagation of deleterious cellular environments. A meta-analysis of miRNAs dysregulated in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (TDP43 variant) was performed to determine if diseases within a proteinopathy have distinct or shared mechanisms of action leading to neuronal death, and if proteinopathies can be classified on the basis of their miRNA profiles. Our results identified both miRNAs distinct to the anatomy, disease type and pathology, and miRNAs consistently dysregulated within single proteinopathies and across neurodegeneration in general. Our results also highlight the necessity to minimize the variability between studies. These findings showcase the need for more transcriptomic research on infrequently occurring NDDs, and the need for the standardization of research techniques and platforms utilized across labs and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ocana Noronha
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.N.); (L.M.); (J.J.A.); (E.A.)
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0106, Japan
| | - Lucia Mesarosovo
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.N.); (L.M.); (J.J.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Jasper J. Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.N.); (L.M.); (J.J.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Anand Iyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medicine Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.N.); (L.M.); (J.J.A.); (E.A.)
| | - James D. Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.N.); (L.M.); (J.J.A.); (E.A.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Gerrards Cross SL9 0RJ, UK
- Correspondence:
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Moustafa NA, El-Sayed MA, Abdallah SH, Hazem NM, Aidaros MA, Abdelmoety DA. Effect of Letrozole on hippocampal Let-7 microRNAs and their correlation with working memory and phosphorylated Tau protein in an Alzheimer's disease-like rat model. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), but, they were not investigated in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD. Letrozole increases the expression of Let-7 in cell lines, with conflicting evidence regarding its effects on memory. This study examined Let-7 miRNAs in STZ-induced AD, their correlation with memory and hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) and the effects of Letrozole on them.
Methods
Seven groups of adult Sprague Dawley rats were used: Negative control, Letrozole, Letrozole Vehicle, STZ (with AD induced by intracerebroventricular injection of STZ in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF)), CSF Control, STZ + Letrozole (STZ-L), and CSF + Letrozole Vehicle. Alternation percentage in T-maze was used as a measure of working memory. Let-7a, b and e and p-Tau levels in the hippocampus were estimated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.
Results
Significant decreases in alternation percentage and increase in p-Tau concentration were found in the STZ, Letrozole and STZ-L groups. Expression levels of all studied microRNAs were significantly elevated in the Letrozole and the STZ-L groups, with no difference between the two, suggesting that this elevation might be linked to Letrozole administration. Negative correlations were found between alternation percentage and the levels of all studied microRNAs, while positive ones were found between p-Tau concentration and the levels of studied microRNAs.
Conclusions
This study shows changes in the expression of Let-7a, b and e miRNAs in association with Letrozole administration, and correlations between the expression of the studied Let-7 miRNAs and both the status of working memory and the hippocampal p-Tau levels. These findings might support the theory suggesting that Letrozole aggravates pre-existing lesions. They also add to the possibility of Let-7’s neurotoxicity.
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De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC. Regulation of microRNAs in Alzheimer´s disease, type 2 diabetes, and aerobic exercise training. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:559-580. [PMID: 35075500 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. The evolution and aggregation of amyloid beta (β) oligomers is linked to insulin resistance in AD, which is also the major characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Being physically inactive can contribute to the development of AD and/or T2D. Aerobic exercise training (AET), a type of physical exercise, can be useful in preventing or treating the negative outcomes of AD and T2D. AD, T2D and AET can regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we review some of the changes in miRNAs expression regulated by AET, AD and T2D. MiRNAs play an important role in the gene regulation of key signaling pathways in both pathologies, AD and T2D. MiRNA dysregulation is evident in AD and has been associated with several neuropathological alterations, such as the development of a reactive gliosis. Expression of miRNAs are associated with many pathophysiological mechanisms involved in T2D like insulin synthesis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, intracellular signaling, and lipid profile. AET regulates miRNAs levels. We identified 5 miRNAs (miR-21, miR-29a/b, miR-103, miR-107, and miR-195) that regulate gene expression and are modulated by AET on AD and T2D. The identified miRNAs are potential targets to treat the symptoms of AD and T2D. Thus, AET is a non-pharmacological tool that can be used to prevent and fight the negative outcomes in AD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, nº 5000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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6
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Majumdar A, Basu A. Involvement of host microRNAs in flavivirus-induced neuropathology: An update. J Biosci 2022; 47:54. [PMID: 36222134 PMCID: PMC9425815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a spectrum of vector-borne RNA viruses that cause potentially severe diseases in humans including encephalitis, acute-flaccid paralysis, cognitive disorders and foetal abnormalities. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are globally emerging pathogens that lead to epidemics and outbreaks with continued transmission to newer geographical areas over time. In the past decade, studies have focussed on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of these viruses in a bid to alleviate their disease burden. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded RNAs that have emerged as master-regulators of cellular gene expression. The dynamics of miRNAs within a cell have the capacity to modulate hundreds of genes and, consequently, their physiological manifestation. Increasing evidence suggests their role in host response to disease and infection including cell survival, intracellular viral replication and immune activation. In this review, we aim to comprehensively update published evidence on the role of miRNAs in host cells infected with the common neurotropic flaviviruses, with an increased focus on neuropathogenic mechanisms. In addition, we briefly cover therapeutic advancements made in the context of miRNA-based antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atreye Majumdar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram 122 052 India
| | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram 122 052 India
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The Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid microRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Methodological Problems and Possible Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010114. [PMID: 35008540 PMCID: PMC8744986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on neurological disorders, unanswered questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the course of these diseases, and the search continues for effective biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic intervention. These questions are especially acute in the study of spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurodegenerative diseases. It is believed that the changes in gene expression associated with processes triggered by neurological disorders are the result of post-transcriptional gene regulation. microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression and, as such, are often looked to in the search for effective biomarkers. We propose that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is potentially a source of biomarkers since it is in direct contact with the central nervous system and therefore may contain biomarkers indicating neurodegeneration or damage to the brain and spinal cord. However, since the abundance of miRNAs in CSF is low, their isolation and detection is technically difficult. In this review, we evaluate the findings of recent studies of CSF miRNAs as biomarkers of spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize the current knowledge concerning the methods of studying miRNA in CSF, including RNA isolation and normalization of the data, highlighting the caveats of these approaches and possible solutions.
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8
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Baluni M, Ghildiyal S, Fatima T, Tiwari R, Upadhyay S, Dhole TN, Reddy DH, Singh D. Differential expression of circulating microRNAs in serum: Potential biomarkers to track Japanese encephalitis virus infection. J Med Virol 2021; 94:531-539. [PMID: 34698413 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis is one of the serious vector-borne viral encephalitis diseases found worldwide and poses a major threat to public health. Most Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections are subclinical; only 1: 250 to 1:1000 infected persons develop clinical presentations. Delay in proper diagnosis of JE affects the timeliness of treatment initiation and increases the mortality rate in patients. Therefore, there is an extreme need to develop potential biomarkers, which might improve the diagnosis and can become the basis for development of new therapeutics. The microRNAs (miRNAs/or miRs) are small noncoding RNAs of 17-24 nucleotides that are known to regulate about 60% of human genes. Although miRNAs have been found to regulate various aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses, less information on circulating miRNAs in JE is known. The study of JEV infected human serum miRNAs will provide novel information for the diagnosis of JE as well as for the improvement of disease outcome. Total RNA, including miRNA, was extracted from serum followed by the complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis by using sequence-specific primers. cDNA was amplified using target-specific TaqMan MicroRNA Assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction data was normalized using both exogenous (cel-miR-39) and endogenous (hsa-miR-93) controls. We have found significantly altered expression of miR-155 and miR-21 in serum of JEV infected patients as compared to healthy controls, revealing their role as a a noninvasive biomarker in JE. A significant correlation between miRNAs and JE was observed that offers the basis for miRNAs to serve as a new component to develop possible therapeutic strategies for JE in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Baluni
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Ghildiyal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanzeem Fatima
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivbrat Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, ERA's Medical College and Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan N Dhole
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Himanshu Reddy
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharamveer Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Segaran RC, Chan LY, Wang H, Sethi G, Tang FR. Neuronal Development-Related miRNAs as Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease, Depression, Schizophrenia and Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:19-52. [PMID: 31965936 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200121122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation exposure may induce Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression or schizophrenia. A number of experimental and clinical studies suggest the involvement of miRNA in the development of these diseases, and also in the neuropathological changes after brain radiation exposure. The current literature review indicated the involvement of 65 miRNAs in neuronal development in the brain. In the brain tissue, blood, or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), 11, 55, or 28 miRNAs are involved in the development of AD respectively, 89, 50, 19 miRNAs in depression, and 102, 35, 8 miRNAs in schizophrenia. We compared miRNAs regulating neuronal development to those involved in the genesis of AD, depression and schizophrenia and also those driving radiation-induced brain neuropathological changes by reviewing the available data. We found that 3, 11, or 8 neuronal developmentrelated miRNAs from the brain tissue, 13, 16 or 14 miRNAs from the blood of patient with AD, depression and schizophrenia respectively were also involved in radiation-induced brain pathological changes, suggesting a possibly specific involvement of these miRNAs in radiation-induced development of AD, depression and schizophrenia respectively. On the other hand, we noted that radiationinduced changes of two miRNAs, i.e., miR-132, miR-29 in the brain tissue, three miRNAs, i.e., miR- 29c-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-34a-5p in the blood were also involved in the development of AD, depression and schizophrenia, thereby suggesting that these miRNAs may be involved in the common brain neuropathological changes, such as impairment of neurogenesis and reduced learning memory ability observed in these three diseases and also after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Chandra Segaran
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Li Yun Chan
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Hong Wang
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Feng Ru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Videtic Paska A, Konjevod M, Kouter K, Svob Strac D, Nedic Erjavec G, Pivac N. Epigenetics of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020195. [PMID: 33573255 PMCID: PMC7911414 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently no validated biomarkers which can be used to accurately diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or to distinguish it from other dementia-causing neuropathologies. Moreover, to date, only symptomatic treatments exist for this progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In the search for new, more reliable biomarkers and potential therapeutic options, epigenetic modifications have emerged as important players in the pathogenesis of AD. The aim of the article was to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of epigenetics (including mitoepigenetics) in AD, and the possibility of applying these advances for future AD therapy. Extensive research has suggested an important role of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation (with the emphasis on microRNAs) in the course and development of AD. Recent studies also indicated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as an interesting biomarker of AD, since dysfunctions in the mitochondria and lower mtDNA copy number have been associated with AD pathophysiology. The current evidence suggests that epigenetic changes can be successfully detected, not only in the central nervous system, but also in the cerebrospinal fluid and on the periphery, contributing further to their potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Alja Videtic Paska
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Katarina Kouter
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-514-571-207
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11
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Van Harten AC, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Mielke MM, Kremers WK, Eichenlaub U, Batrla-Utermann R, Dyer RB, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Knopman DS, Jack CR, Petersen RC. CSF biomarkers in Olmsted County: Evidence of 2 subclasses and associations with demographics. Neurology 2020; 95:e256-e267. [PMID: 32591471 PMCID: PMC7455353 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied interrelationships between CSF biomarkers and associations with APOE ε4 genotype, demographic variables, vascular variables, and clinical diagnosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota. METHODS We included 774 Mayo Clinic Study of Aging participants (693 cognitively unimpaired [CU]; 71 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]). CSF β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) were analyzed using Aβ42 CSF, t-tau CSF, and p-tau (181P) CSF electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Bivariate mixture models were used to evaluate latent classes. We used linear regression models to evaluate independent associations of APOE ε4, demographic factors, cardiovascular risk, and diagnosis with CSF biomarker levels. Results were weighted back to the Olmsted County population. RESULTS Interrelationships between CSF Aβ42 and p-tau/t-tau were consistent with 2 latent classes in the general population. In subgroup 1 (n = 547 [71%]), we found a strong positive correlation between Aβ42 and p-tau (ρ = 0.81), while the correlation was much smaller in group 2 (ρ = 0.26, n = 227 [29%]). Group 2 was associated with older age, APOE ε4 genotype, a diagnosis of MCI, and elevated amyloid PET. Overall, APOE ε4 genotype and MCI were associated with Aβ42, while age was associated with p-tau/t-tau. There were no associations with sex, education, or vascular risk. CONCLUSION We hypothesize the population without dementia can be subdivided into participants with and without biological Alzheimer disease (AD) based on the combination of CSF Aβ42 and p-tau/t-tau (represented also by the p-tau/t-tau/Aβ42 ratio). In those without biological AD, common factors such as CSF dynamics may cause a positive correlation between CSF Aβ42 and p-tau/t-tau, while AD leads to dissociation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argonde C Van Harten
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Heather J Wiste
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Kremers
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Udo Eichenlaub
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Batrla-Utermann
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roy B Dyer
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - David S Knopman
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clifford R Jack
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Improta-Caria AC, Nonaka CKV, Cavalcante BRR, De Sousa RAL, Aras Júnior R, Souza BSDF. Modulation of MicroRNAs as a Potential Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Beneficial Actions of Physical Exercise in Alzheimer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4977. [PMID: 32674523 PMCID: PMC7403962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals worldwide. AD pathophysiology involves the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, along with chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Physical exercise (PE) is a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy and has been described as an ally to combat cognitive decline in individuals with AD. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the beneficial adaptations induced by PE in AD are not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, inhibiting or degrading their target mRNAs. MicroRNAs are involved in physiological processes that govern normal brain function and deregulated microRNA profiles are associated with the development and progression of AD. It is also known that PE changes microRNA expression profile in the circulation and in target tissues and organs. Thus, this review aimed to identify the role of deregulated microRNAs in the pathophysiology of AD and explore the possible role of the modulation of microRNAs as a molecular mechanism involved in the beneficial actions of PE in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (A.C.I.-C.); (R.A.J.)
- University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleys´ Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais 30000-000, Brazil;
| | - Roque Aras Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (A.C.I.-C.); (R.A.J.)
- University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
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13
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Ye Y, Peng Y, He P, Zhang Q, Xu D. Urinary miRNAs as biomarkers for idiopathic osteonecrosis of femoral head: A multicentre study. J Orthop Translat 2020; 26:54-59. [PMID: 33437623 PMCID: PMC7773953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Urinary microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown great diagnostic and prognostic values for multiple diseases. The profile of urinary miRNAs in patients with idiopathic osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) is currently unclear. Methods We first randomly chose ten patients with each Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage (I, II, III and IV) and ten healthy participants from the entire cohorts for initial screening. The miRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was then performed to identify the differentially abundant miRNAs in urine of these participants. We then verified the findings in the entire cohort. Clinical features including age, gender, bone mass index (BMI), lesion size and stages were recorded. We then analysed the association between the level of urinary miRNAs and clinical features. Results Our data indicated that there were 13 differentially abundant miRNAs among all groups. Urinary miR-150 demonstrated the highest diagnostic value among all candidates. Urinary miR-185 and miR-133a increased by ARCO staging. The levels of urinary miR-4824 abruptly decreased after femoral head collapse (ARCO stage III and IV). Urinary miR-144 was the only marker that correlated with lesion size. Conclusions The levels of urinary miRNAs are valuable biomarkers for idiopathic ONFH. Given the noninvasive nature of this test, it is potentially useful for diagnosis and monitoring of idiopathic ONFH progression. The translational potential of this article This article gives novel methods for ONFH diagnosis and progression monitoring in a convenient and non-invasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Ye
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Peiheng He
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, 541002, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
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14
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Herrera-Espejo S, Santos-Zorrozua B, Álvarez-González P, Lopez-Lopez E, Garcia-Orad Á. A Systematic Review of MicroRNA Expression as Biomarker of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8376-8391. [PMID: 31240600 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a high-occurrence neurological disorder but the difficulty in identifying precise and early biomarkers has complicated the understanding of the disease and the development of new treatments. In this sense, important knowledge is emerging regarding novel molecular and biological candidates with diagnostic potential, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which have a key role in gene repression. The aim of this systematic review was to define the role of miRNAs' expression as biomarkers for LOAD both in brain tissues, which could help understand the biology of the disease, and circulating tissues, which could serve as non-invasive markers of the pathology. A systematic search was performed in Web of Science and PubMed using the keywords ((Alzheimer or Alzheimer's) and (microRNA or microRNAs or miRNA or miRNAs or miR)) until August 2018 to retrieve all articles that presented independent original data evaluating the impact of miRNA expression on the development of LOAD in human population. A total of 90 studies investigating the role of miRNAs' expression in the development of LOAD were identified. While other widely studied miRNAs such as hsa-miR-146a presented contradictory results among studies, deregulation in brain tissue of seven miRNAs, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-107, hsa-miR-125-5p, hsa-miR-132-3p, hsa-miR-181-3p, and hsa-miR-212-3p, was consistently identified in LOAD patients. Their role in the disease could be mediated through the regulation of key pathways, such as axon guidance, longevity, insulin, and MAPK signaling pathway. However, regarding their role as non-invasive biomarkers of LOAD in fluids, although the limited results available are promising, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Herrera-Espejo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Borja Santos-Zorrozua
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Paula Álvarez-González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - África Garcia-Orad
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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15
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Prieto-Fernández E, Aransay AM, Royo F, González E, Lozano JJ, Santos-Zorrozua B, Macias-Camara N, González M, Garay RP, Benito J, Garcia-Orad A, Falcón-Pérez JM. A Comprehensive Study of Vesicular and Non-Vesicular miRNAs from a Volume of Cerebrospinal Fluid Compatible with Clinical Practice. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4567-4579. [PMID: 31367240 PMCID: PMC6643433 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers for minimally invasive diagnosis of central nervous system malignancies. However, despite significant advances in recent years, this field still suffers from poor data reproducibility. This is especially true in cases of infants, considered a new subject group. Implementing efficient methods to study miRNAs from clinically realistic CSF volumes is necessary for the identification of new biomarkers. Methods: We compared six protocols for characterizing miRNAs, using 200-µL CSF from infants (aged 0-7). Four of the methods employed extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment step and the other two obtained the miRNAs directly from cleared CSF. The efficiency of each method was assessed using real-time PCR and small RNA sequencing. We also determined the distribution of miRNAs among different CSF shuttles, using size-exclusion chromatography. Results: We identified 281 CSF miRNAs from infants. We demonstrated that the miRNAs could be efficiently detected using only 200 µL of biofluid in case of at least two of the six methods. In the exosomal fraction, we found 12 miRNAs that might be involved in neurodevelopment. Conclusion: The Norgen and Invitrogen protocols appear suitable for the analysis of a large number of miRNAs using small CSF samples.
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16
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Kopkova A, Sana J, Fadrus P, Slaby O. Cerebrospinal fluid microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in brain tumors. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:869-879. [PMID: 29451858 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a body fluid that has many important functions and is in direct contact with the extracellular environment of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF serves as both the communication channel allowing the distribution of various substances among the CNS cells and the storage facility for the waste products these cells release. For these reasons, CSF is a potential source of diagnostic biomarkers of many CNS diseases, including brain tumors. Recent studies have revealed that CSF also contains circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNAs that have been described as biomarkers in many cancers. However, CSF miRNAs are difficult to detect, which is why researchers face major challenges, including technological difficulties in its detection and its lack of standardization. Therefore, this review aims (i) to highlight the potential of CSF miRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in brain tumors, and (ii) to summarize technological approaches for detection of CSF miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kopkova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sana
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fadrus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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17
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microRNA diagnostic panel for Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic trade-off between neurodegeneration and cancer. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:125-143. [PMID: 30391753 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their profiles have been analyzed in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue. However, due to the high variability between the reported data, stemming from the lack of methodological standardization and the heterogeneity of AD, the most promising miRNA biomarker candidates have not been selected. Our literature review shows that out of 137 miRNAs found to be altered in AD blood, 36 have been replicated in at least one independent study, and out of 166 miRNAs reported as differential in AD CSF, 13 have been repeatedly found. Only 3 miRNAs have been consistently reported as altered in three analyzed specimens: blood, CSF and the brain (hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-125b, hsa-miR-135a). Nonetheless, all 36 repeatedly differential miRNAs in AD blood are promising as components of the diagnostic panel. Given their predicted functions, such miRNA panel may report multiple pathways contributing to AD pathology, enabling the design of personalized therapies. In addition, the analysis revealed that the miRNAs dysregulated in AD overlap highly with miRNAs implicated in cancer. However, the directions of the miRNA changes are usually opposite in cancer and AD, indicative of an epigenetic trade-off between the two diseases.
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18
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Analytics of Cerebrospinal Fluid MicroRNA Quantitative PCR Studies. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4988-4999. [PMID: 30430409 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Recent studies have shown that human disease states correlate with measurable differences in the level of circulating miRNAs relative to healthy controls. Thus, there is great interest in developing clinical miRNA assays as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for diseases, and as surrogate measures for therapeutic outcomes. Our studies have focused on miRNAs in human cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) as biomarkers for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Our objective here was to examine factors that may affect the outcome of quantitative PCR (qPCR) studies on CSF miRNAs, in order to guide planning and interpretation of future CSF miRNA TaqMan® low-density array (TLDA) studies. We obtained CSF from neurologically normal (control) donors and used TLDAs to measure miRNA expression. We examined sources of error in the TLDA outcomes due to (1) nonspecific amplification of products in total RNA, (2) variations in RNA isolations performed on different days, (3) miRNA primer probe efficiency, and (4) variations in individual TLDA cards. We also examined the utility of card-to-card TLDA corrections and use of an unchanged "reference standard" to remove batch processing effects in large-scale studies.
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19
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Baluni M, Ghildiyal S, Singh D, Himanshu Reddy D, Kumar R, Dhole TN. Increased serum microRNA-29b expression and bad recovery in Japanese encephalitis virus infected patients; A new component to improve the disease recovery. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 323:56-61. [PMID: 30196835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic mosquito-borne Flavivirus, mainly prevalent in Asia. It is the most important causative agent of acute viral encephalitis in humans. Recently, micro RNAs are discovered as a key regulator of inflammatory and immune responses in various diseases including neurological and viral infections. Thus, this study was proposed to check whether changes in cellular miRNA expression due to JE virus infection, can be detected in circulation which would be helpful in diagnosis and treatment. METHODS miRNAs (miR-29b and miR-146a) were analyzed in the serum of JEV infected patients using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS miR-146a was found significantly decreased (p = 0.0008) in JEV infected patients as compared to healthy controls whereas miR-29b was significantly increased (p = 0.001) in JEV patients recovered with neurological sequelae when compared to those recovered without sequelae. CONCLUSION In conclusion, miRNA can be measured in serum. Studying microRNAs will provide novel information and help us to identify the components that can serve as biomarkers and can lead to new discovery in controlling disease recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Baluni
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Ghildiyal
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharamveer Singh
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Himanshu Reddy
- King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Kumar
- King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan N Dhole
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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20
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Riancho J, Vázquez-Higuera JL, Pozueta A, Lage C, Kazimierczak M, Bravo M, Calero M, Gonalezález A, Rodríguez E, Lleó A, Sánchez-Juan P. MicroRNA Profile in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Analysis of miR-9-5p and miR-598 in Raw and Exosome Enriched Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:483-491. [PMID: 28269782 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs have been postulated as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exosomes are nanovesicles which transport microRNAs, proteins, and other cargos. It has been hypothesized that the exosome traffic might be increased in neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVE i) To assess the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microRNA profile in a group of AD patients and control subjects and to validate a group of microRNAs previously reported by other authors. ii) To compare microRNA levels in whole CSF and in the exosome-enriched fraction in AD patients. METHODS A panel of 760 microRNAs was analyzed in the CSF of 10 AD patients and 10 healthy subjects. Among microRNAs differently expressed, we selected those that had been previously reported by other authors. Candidates were validated in a larger group by individual qPCR assays. MicroRNA expression was also evaluated in exosome-enriched CSF samples of patients with AD and controls. RESULTS Fifteen microRNAs were differently expressed in AD. MiR-9-5p, miR-134, and miR-598 were selected as candidates for further analysis. MiR-9-5p and miR-598 were detected in 50 and 75% of control CSF samples, respectively, while they were not detected in any AD CSF samples. We observed an opposite pattern when we evaluated the microRNA expression in the exosome-enriched CSF AD samples. No pattern variations were noted among healthy subjects. CONCLUSION These data propose miR-9-5p and miR-598 as potential biomarkers for AD. Further studies in plasma and other body fluids will confirm their potential role as easily accessible biomarkers. In addition, our data suggest that exosome trafficking is different between AD and control subjects raising the need to take this phenomenon into consideration in future studies of AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Riancho
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Ana Pozueta
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Martha Kazimierczak
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - María Bravo
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Calero
- CIBERNED; National Institute of Health Carlos III; Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation; Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center; Chronic Disease Programme Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Gonalezález
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodríguez
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
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21
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Teunissen CE, Verheul C, Willemse EAJ. The use of cerebrospinal fluid in biomarker studies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 146:3-20. [PMID: 29110777 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an extremely useful matrix for biomarker research for several purposes, such as diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and identification of prominent leads in pathways of neurologic diseases. Such biomarkers can be identified based on a priori hypotheses around prominent protein changes, but also by applying -omics technologies. Proteomics is widely used, but metabolomics and transcriptomics are rapidly revealing their potential for CSF studies. The basis of such studies is the availability of high-quality biobanks. Furthermore, profound knowledge and consequent optimization of all aspects in biomarker development are needed. Here we discuss current knowledge and recently developed protocols for successful biomarker studies, from collection of CSF by lumbar puncture, processing, and biobanking protocols, preanalytic confounding factors, and cost-efficient development and validation of assays for implementation into clinical practice or research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - C Verheul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E A J Willemse
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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van der Flier WM, Scheltens P. Amsterdam Dementia Cohort: Performing Research to Optimize Care. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:1091-1111. [PMID: 29562540 PMCID: PMC5870023 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer center of the VU University Medical Center opened in 2000 and was initiated to combine both patient care and research. Together, to date, all patients forming the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort number almost 6,000 individuals. In this cohort profile, we provide an overview of the results produced based on the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort. We describe the main results over the years in each of these research lines: 1) early diagnosis, 2) heterogeneity, and 3) vascular factors. Among the most important research efforts that have also impacted patients' lives and/or the research field, we count the development of novel, easy to use diagnostic measures such as visual rating scales for MRI and the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire, insight in different subgroups of AD, and findings on incidence and clinical sequelae of microbleeds. Finally, we describe in the outlook how our research endeavors have improved the lives of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, He X, Li Y, Wang T. Cerebrospinal fluid CD4+ T lymphocyte-derived miRNA-let-7b can enhances the diagnostic performance of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1144-1150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Bruinsma IB, van Dijk M, Bridel C, van de Lisdonk T, Haverkort SQ, Runia TF, Steinman L, Hintzen RQ, Killestein J, Verbeek MM, Teunissen CE, de Jong BA. Regulator of oligodendrocyte maturation, miR-219, a potential biomarker for MS. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:235. [PMID: 29202778 PMCID: PMC5716023 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Normally, demyelination is followed by remyelination, which requires repopulation of a demyelinated area by oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Although large numbers of precursor cells are present in MS lesions, remyelination often fails, in part by the inability of precursor cells to differentiate into mature myelin-forming cells. In mouse and rat, miR-219 is required for this differentiation. Previously, we identified decreased miR-219 expression in tissue of MS patients compared to controls. Cell-free miRNAs have been detected in many different body fluids including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and may reflect disease processes going on in the central nervous system. This prompted us to investigate the biomarker performance of CSF miR-219 for MS diagnosis. Methods Quantitative PCR was performed measuring miR-219 levels in CSF of MS patients and controls in three independent cohorts. Results All three cohorts of MS patients and controls revealed that absence of miR-219 detection in CSF is consistently associated with MS. Conclusions We have been able to identify and validate absence of miR-219 detection in CSF of MS patients compared to controls, suggesting that it may emerge as a candidate biomarker for MS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona B Bruinsma
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marie van Dijk
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Bridel
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy van de Lisdonk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Q Haverkort
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessel F Runia
- Department of Neurology and Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurological Sciences and Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rogier Q Hintzen
- Department of Neurology and Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brigit A de Jong
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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25
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Baraniuk JN, Shivapurkar N. Exercise - induced changes in cerebrospinal fluid miRNAs in Gulf War Illness, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and sedentary control subjects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15338. [PMID: 29127316 PMCID: PMC5681566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) have similar profiles of pain, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and exertional exhaustion. Post-exertional malaise suggests exercise alters central nervous system functions. Lumbar punctures were performed in GWI, CFS and control subjects after (i) overnight rest (nonexercise) or (ii) submaximal bicycle exercise. Exercise induced postural tachycardia in one third of GWI subjects (Stress Test Activated Reversible Tachycardia, START). The remainder were Stress Test Originated Phantom Perception (STOPP) subjects. MicroRNAs (miRNA) in cerebrospinal fluid were amplified by quantitative PCR. Levels were equivalent between nonexercise GWI (n = 22), CFS (n = 43) and control (n = 22) groups. After exercise, START (n = 22) had significantly lower miR-22-3p than control (n = 15) and STOPP (n = 42), but higher miR-9-3p than STOPP. All post-exercise groups had significantly reduced miR-328 and miR-608 compared to nonexercise groups; these may be markers of exercise effects on the brain. Six miRNAs were significantly elevated and 12 diminished in post-exercise START, STOPP and control compared to nonexercise groups. CFS had 12 diminished miRNAs after exercise. Despite symptom overlap of CFS, GWI and other illnesses in their differential diagnosis, exercise-induced miRNA patterns in cerebrospinal fluid indicated distinct mechanisms for post-exertional malaise in CFS and START and STOPP phenotypes of GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Baraniuk
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
| | - Narayan Shivapurkar
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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26
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Yoon H, Belmonte KC, Kasten T, Bateman R, Kim J. Intra- and Inter-individual Variability of microRNA Levels in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid: Critical Implications for Biomarker Discovery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12720. [PMID: 28983117 PMCID: PMC5629256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are emerging as promising biomarkers for diagnosis of various diseases. Notably, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains microRNAs that may serve as biomarkers for neurological diseases. However, there has been a lack of consistent findings among CSF microRNAs studies. Although such inconsistent results have been attributed to various technical issues, inherent biological variability has not been adequately considered as a confounding factor. To address this critical gap in our understanding of microRNA variability, we evaluated intra-individual variability of microRNAs by measuring their levels in the CSF from healthy individuals at two time points, 0 and 48 hours. Surprisingly, the levels of most microRNAs were stable between the two time points. This suggests that microRNAs in CSF may be a good resource for the identification of biomarkers. However, the levels of 12 microRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-25a-3p, miR-99a-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-223-3p, and miR-451a) were significantly altered during the 48 hours interval. Importantly, miRNAs with variable expression have been identified as biomarkers in previous studies. Our data strongly suggest that these microRNAs may not be reliable biomarkers given their intrinsic variability even within the same individual. Taken together, our results provide a critical baseline resource for future microRNA biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.,Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Krystal C Belmonte
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Tom Kasten
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Randall Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA. .,Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Millan MJ. Linking deregulation of non-coding RNA to the core pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: An integrative review. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:1-68. [PMID: 28322921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human genome encodes a vast repertoire of protein non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), some specific to the brain. MicroRNAs, which interfere with the translation of target mRNAs, are of particular interest since their deregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains challenging to link the complex body of observations on miRNAs and AD into a coherent framework. Using extensive graphical support, this article discusses how a diverse panoply of miRNAs convergently and divergently impact (and are impacted by) core pathophysiological processes underlying AD: neuroinflammation and oxidative stress; aberrant generation of β-amyloid-42 (Aβ42); anomalies in the production, cleavage and post-translational marking of Tau; impaired clearance of Aβ42 and Tau; perturbation of axonal organisation; disruption of synaptic plasticity; endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response; mitochondrial dysfunction; aberrant induction of cell cycle re-entry; and apoptotic loss of neurons. Intriguingly, some classes of miRNA provoke these cellular anomalies, whereas others act in a counter-regulatory, protective mode. Moreover, changes in levels of certain species of miRNA are a consequence of the above-mentioned anomalies. In addition to miRNAs, circular RNAs, piRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and other types of ncRNA are being increasingly implicated in AD. Overall, a complex mesh of deregulated and multi-tasking ncRNAs reciprocally interacts with core pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD. Alterations in ncRNAs can be detected in CSF and the circulation as well as the brain and are showing promise as biomarkers, with the ultimate goal clinical exploitation as targets for novel modes of symptomatic and course-altering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, institut de recherche Servier, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France.
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28
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Ciccacci C, Perricone C, Politi C, Rufini S, Ceccarelli F, Cipriano E, Alessandri C, Latini A, Valesini G, Novelli G, Conti F, Borgiani P. A polymorphism upstream MIR1279 gene is associated with pericarditis development in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and contributes to definition of a genetic risk profile for this complication. Lupus 2016; 26:841-848. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203316679528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a study has shown that a polymorphism in the region of MIR1279 modulates the expression of the TRAF3IP2 gene. Since polymorphisms in the TRAF3IP2 gene have been described in association with systemic lupus erithematosus (SLE) susceptibility and with the development of pericarditis, our aim is to verify if the MIR1279 gene variability could also be involved. The rs1463335 SNP, located upstream MIR1279 gene, was analyzed by allelic discrimination assay in 315 Italian SLE patients and 201 healthy controls. Moreover, the MIR1279 gene was full sequenced in 50 patients. A case/control association study and a genotype/phenotype correlation analysis were performed. We also constructed a pericarditis genetic risk profile for patients with SLE. The full sequencing of the MIR1279 gene in patients with SLE did not reveal any novel or known variation. The variant allele of the rs1463335 SNP was significantly associated with susceptibility to pericarditis ( P = 0.017 and OR = 1.67). A risk profile model for pericarditis considering the risk alleles of MIR1279 and three other genes (STAT4, PTPN2 and TRAF3IP2) showed that patients with 4 or 5 risk alleles have a higher risk of developing pericarditis ( OR = 4.09 with P = 0.001 and OR = 6.04 with P = 0.04 respectively). In conclusion, we describe for the first time the contribution of a MIR1279 SNP in pericarditis development in patients with SLE and a genetic risk profile model that could be useful to identify patients more susceptible to developing pericarditis in SLE. This approach could help to improve the prediction and the management of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ciccacci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - C Perricone
- Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Clinica e Terapia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - C Politi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - S Rufini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - F Ceccarelli
- Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Clinica e Terapia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - E Cipriano
- Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Clinica e Terapia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - C Alessandri
- Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Clinica e Terapia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - A Latini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - G Valesini
- Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Clinica e Terapia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - G Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - F Conti
- Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Clinica e Terapia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - P Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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CSF microRNA Profiling in Alzheimer's Disease: a Screening and Validation Study. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6647-6654. [PMID: 27738874 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional repression of target genes. They have been shown to be implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and proposed as disease biomarkers. In the present work, we have studied the expression levels of 754 miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients and control subjects. We have explored a first screening cohort (N = 20) and selected 12 miRNAs to be further tested in a second independent validation cohort (N = 69). We have found a significant upregulation of miR-222 and miR-125b in AD CSF. Of these, the association of miR-222 with AD is novel and reported here for the first time whereas upregulation of miR-125b has been previously reported in AD brain. Yet we do not find association with other miRNAs which were previously linked to AD. Our results shed light on potential underlying pathophysiological processes of AD and also point out the need for consensus procedures in CSF miRNA detection and data analysis.
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30
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Cosín-Tomás M, Antonell A, Lladó A, Alcolea D, Fortea J, Ezquerra M, Lleó A, Martí MJ, Pallàs M, Sanchez-Valle R, Molinuevo JL, Sanfeliu C, Kaliman P. Plasma miR-34a-5p and miR-545-3p as Early Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential and Limitations. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5550-5562. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhao Y, Alexandrov PN, Lukiw WJ. Anti-microRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Agents in the Clinical Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:59. [PMID: 26941600 PMCID: PMC4766517 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overview- One hundred and ten years since its first description Alzheimer's disease (AD) still retains its prominent status: (i) as the industrialized world's number one cause of age-related intellectual impairment and cognitive decline; (ii) as this country's most rapidly expanding socioeconomic and healthcare concern; and (iii) as an insidious, progressive and lethal neurological disorder of the human central nervous system (CNS) for which there is currently no adequate treatment or cure (Alzheimer, 1991; Alzheimer et al., 1991, 1995) [https://www.alz.org/facts/downloads/facts_figures_2015.pdf (2015)]. The concept of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as being involved in the etiopathogenesis of AD and age-related human neurodegenerative disease was first proposed about 25 years ago, however it was not until 2007 that specific microRNA (miRNA) abundance, speciation and localization to the hippocampal CA1 region (an anatomical area of the human CNS specifically targeted by the AD process) was shown to strongly associate with AD-type change when compared to age-matched controls (Lukiw et al., 1992; Lukiw, 2007; Schipper et al., 2007; Cogswell et al., 2008; Guerreiro et al., 2012). Currently about 400 reports address the potential link between disruptions in miRNA signaling and the development of various features associated with AD neuropathology (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=micro+RNA+alzheimer's+disease). In this “Perspectives” paper we will highlight some of the most recent literature on anti-miRNA (AM; antagomir) therapeutic strategies and some very recent technological advances in the analysis and characterization of defective miRNA signaling pathways in AD compared to neurologically normal age-matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA; Department Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
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Goswami S, Banerjee A, Kumari B, Bandopadhyay B, Bhattacharya N, Basu N, Vrati S, Banerjee A. Differential Expression and Significance of Circulating microRNAs in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Acute Encephalitis Patients Infected with Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1541-1551. [PMID: 26860411 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been associated with different neurological diseases. Here, we presented results of a pilot study aimed at determining the feasibility of detecting miRNAs in the CSF of Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) infected individuals with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). We demonstrated the circulating miRNA profile in CSF of acute encephalitis patients infected with JEV. Using a quantitative real-time PCR-based miRNA array, we examined the level of 87 miRNAs expressed in human exosomes isolated from CSF. Subsequently, correlation between cytokine level and miRNAs expression in CSF samples was examined. In this study, we identified and validated the upregulated expression of three miRNAs, miR-21-5p, miR-150-5p, and miR-342-3p that were specifically circulated in CSF of acute encephalitis patients infected with JEV. CSF miR-21-5p, miR-150-5p, and miR-342-3p expressions were also elevated in infected mice brain. However, the expression pattern of these miRNAs differed in neuronal cells, microglial cells, and the exosome derived from JEV-infected cell culture supernatant. Interestingly, neuronal cells infected with vaccine strain (SA-14-14) did not lead to any upregulation of these three miRNAs. Further, miR-150-5p expression was found to be negatively correlated(r = -0.5279, p = 0.016) with TNFα level. Pathway analysis of putative target genes of these miRNAs indicated involvement of TGF-β, NGF, axon guidance, and MAPK signaling pathways in JEV/AES patients. This study for the first time represents the circulating miRNA in CSF of AES patients and identified the upregulated miRNAs in JEV-infected patients and offers the basis for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptamita Goswami
- Kolkata School of Tropical Medicine, 108, Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata, 700 073, India
| | - Atoshi Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Bharti Kumari
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Bhaswati Bandopadhyay
- Kolkata School of Tropical Medicine, 108, Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata, 700 073, India
| | - Nemai Bhattacharya
- Kolkata School of Tropical Medicine, 108, Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata, 700 073, India
| | - Nandita Basu
- Kolkata School of Tropical Medicine, 108, Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata, 700 073, India
| | - Sudhanshu Vrati
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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Hu YB, Li CB, Song N, Zou Y, Chen SD, Ren RJ, Wang G. Diagnostic Value of microRNA for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:13. [PMID: 26903857 PMCID: PMC4746262 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sound evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of miRNA in AD pathogenesis and their clinical diagnostic value; a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of clinical trials were performed. In the systematic review, 236 papers were included, and we reviewed the dysregulated miRNA expression in different parts of AD patients in order to identify the relationship between aberrantly expressed miRNAs and AD pathology. In the subsequent meta-analysis, seven studies were statistically analyzed with the following results: pooled sensitivity 0.86 (95%CI 0.79-0.90), pooled specificity 0.87 (95%CI 0.72-0.95), diagnostic odds ratio (28.29), and the area under the curve (0.87). In conclusion, our review indicated that aberrant expression of various miRNAs plays an important role in the pathological process of AD, and statistical analysis of quantitative studies reveal the potential value of specific miRNAs in the diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chun-Bo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ning Song
- St George Hospital , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Yang Zou
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ru-Jing Ren
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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