1
|
Turner MC, Radzikowska U, Ferastraoaru DE, Pascal M, Wesseling P, McCraw A, Backes C, Bax HJ, Bergmann C, Bianchini R, Cari L, de Las Vecillas L, Izquierdo E, Lind-Holm Mogensen F, Michelucci A, Nazarov PV, Niclou SP, Nocentini G, Ollert M, Preusser M, Rohr-Udilova N, Scafidi A, Toth R, Van Hemelrijck M, Weller M, Jappe U, Escribese MM, Jensen-Jarolim E, Karagiannis SN, Poli A. AllergoOncology: Biomarkers and refined classification for research in the allergy and glioma nexus-A joint EAACI-EANO position paper. Allergy 2024; 79:1419-1439. [PMID: 38263898 DOI: 10.1111/all.15994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between allergic diseases and cancer risk or prognosis in AllergoOncology. Some studies suggest an inverse association, but uncertainties remain, including in IgE-mediated diseases and glioma. Allergic disease stems from a Th2-biased immune response to allergens in predisposed atopic individuals. Allergic disorders vary in phenotype, genotype and endotype, affecting their pathophysiology. Beyond clinical manifestation and commonly used clinical markers, there is ongoing research to identify novel biomarkers for allergy diagnosis, monitoring, severity assessment and treatment. Gliomas, the most common and diverse brain tumours, have in parallel undergone changes in classification over time, with specific molecular biomarkers defining glioma subtypes. Gliomas exhibit a complex tumour-immune interphase and distinct immune microenvironment features. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy hold promise for primary brain tumour treatment, but require more specific and effective approaches. Animal studies indicate allergic airway inflammation may delay glioma progression. This collaborative European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) Position Paper summarizes recent advances and emerging biomarkers for refined allergy and adult-type diffuse glioma classification to inform future epidemiological and clinical studies. Future research is needed to enhance our understanding of immune-glioma interactions to ultimately improve patient prognosis and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Denisa E Ferastraoaru
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Immunology Department, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Childhood Cancer Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra McCraw
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claudine Backes
- National Cancer Registry (Registre National du Cancer (RNC)), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Public Health Expertise Unit, Department of Precision Health, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (EPI CAN), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christoph Bergmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, RKM740 Interdisciplinary Clinics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute Vienna, University of Veterinary Medecine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Cari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Elena Izquierdo
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frida Lind-Holm Mogensen
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Reka Toth
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Maria M Escribese
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute Vienna, University of Veterinary Medecine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Wang S, Wu J, Liu X, Zhang L. Causal Association Between Allergic Diseases and Dementia: Evidence from Multivariate Mendelian Randomization Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:505-517. [PMID: 38393908 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background The link between allergic diseases and dementia remains controversial, and the genetic causality of this link is unclear. Objective This study investigated the causal relationship between allergic diseases and dementia using univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods We selected genome-wide association studies including 66,645 patients with allergic diseases and 12,281 patients with dementia, with statistical datasets derived from the FinnGen Consortium of European origin. After a rigorous screening process for single nucleotide polymorphisms to eliminate confounding effects, MR estimation was performed mainly using the inverse variance weighting method and the MR-Egger method. Sensitivity analyses were performed using Cochran's Q test, MR-PRESSO test, MR Pleiotropy residuals and leave-one-out analysis. Results Univariate and multivariate MR together demonstrated a causal relationship between atopic dermatitis and reduced vascular dementia (VaD) risk (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99, p = 0.031; OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.95, p = 0.003). MVMR confirmed asthma was associated with a reduction in the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71-0.94, p = 0.005) and may be associated with a reduction in the risk of VaD (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.99, p = 0.042); allergic rhinitis may be causally associated with an increased risk of AD (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35, p = 0.046) and VaD (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.62, p = 0.027). In sensitivity analyses, these findings were reliable. Conclusions MR methods have only demonstrated that allergic rhinitis dementia is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. Previously observed associations between other allergic diseases and dementia may be influenced by comorbidities and confounding factors rather than causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YuanYing Wang
- Graduate school, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - ShiHao Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - JiaXin Wu
- Graduate school, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - XinLian Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - LuShun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Liu S, Zeng L, Tsilioni I. Amyloid Beta Peptides Lead to Mast Cell Activation in a Novel 3D Hydrogel Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12002. [PMID: 37569378 PMCID: PMC10419190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease and the world's primary cause of dementia among the elderly population. The aggregation of toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) is one of the main pathological hallmarks of the AD brain. Recently, neuroinflammation has been recognized as one of the major features of AD, which involves a network of interactions between immune cells. The mast cell (MC) is an innate immune cell type known to serve as a first responder to pathological changes and crosstalk with microglia and neurons. Although an increased number of mast cells were found near the sites of Aβ deposition, how mast cells are activated in AD is not clear. We developed a 3D culture system to culture MCs and investigated the activation of MCs by Aβ peptides. Because collagen I is the major component of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the brain, we encapsulated human LADR MCs in gels formed by collagen I. We found that 3D-cultured MCs survived and proliferated at the same level as MCs in suspension. Additionally, they can be induced to secrete inflammatory cytokines as well as MC proteases tryptase and chymase by typical MC activators interleukin 33 (IL-33) and IgE/anti-IgE. Culturing with peptides Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, and Aβ25-35 caused MCs to secrete inflammatory mediators, with Aβ1-42 inducing the maximum level of activation. These data indicate that MCs respond to amyloid deposition to elicit inflammatory responses and demonstrate the validity of collagen gel as a model system to investigate MCs in a 3D environment to understand neuroinflammation in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.L.)
| | - Sihan Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.L.)
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.L.)
- Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sohn KH, Song WJ, Kim SH, Jang HC, Kim KW, Chang YS. Chronic cough, not asthma, is associated with depression in the elderly: a community-based population analysis in South Korea. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:1363-1371. [PMID: 31610633 PMCID: PMC6823556 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Depression and allergic diseases, including asthma, are frequently reported as comorbid conditions. However, their associations have been rarely examined in community-based elderly populations. METHODS The analyses were performed using the baseline data set of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Health and Aging, which consists of 1,000 elderly participants (aged > 65 years) randomly recruited from an urban community. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Major and minor depressive disorders were diagnosed by psychiatrists. Allergic conditions were assessed using structured questionnaires, lung function, and skin prick test. Quality of life and comorbidities were assessed using structured questionnaires. RESULTS Prevalence of asthma and major depressive disorder were 5.4% and 5.3%, respectively. The rate of depression was not significantly different between the non-asthmatic and asthmatic groups. No correlation was observed between the scores obtained using the depression scales and self-reported asthma. However, chronic, frequent, and nocturnal cough were significantly associated with depression and scores obtained using the depression scales, which remained significant in multivariate logistic regression analyses (chronic cough: odds ratio [OR], 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.57 to 12.74; p = 0.04). Rhinitis was independently associated with high Mini-Mental State Examination scores (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.17; p < 0.001) and low 36-item short-form (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.98; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Depression may not be significantly associated with asthma and allergic diseases in elderly populations, but cough is a significant factor affecting depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hee Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hak-Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Correspondence to Yoon-Seok Chang, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea Tel: +82-31-787-7023 Fax: +82-31-716-8349 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Influence of PM 2.5 Exposure Level on the Association between Alzheimer's Disease and Allergic Rhinitis: A National Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183357. [PMID: 31514400 PMCID: PMC6765937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease that leads to dementia, health impairment, and high economic cost. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory and allergic disease of the respiratory system that leads to health problems and has major effects on the daily lives of patients and their caregivers. Particulate matter (PM) refers to air pollutants 2.5 μm or less in diameter that are a source of concern because of their role in numerous diseases, including AR and other neurodegenerative diseases. To date, no study has demonstrated how PM2.5 exacerbates AR and results in AD. We conducted a national population-based cohort study by obtaining patient data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan for the 2008-2013 period. PM2.5 concentration data were obtained from the ambient air quality monitoring network established by the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan. Monthly PM2.5 exposure levels were categorized into quartiles from Q1-Q4. The Cox proportional hazards analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, low income, and urbanization level, revealed that patients with AR had an elevated risk of developing AD (hazard ratio (HR): 2.008). In addition, the cumulative incidence of AD in the AR group was significantly higher than in the comparison group. The PM2.5 levels at Q2-Q4 (crude HR: 1.663-8.315; adjusted HR: 1.812-8.981) were stratified on the basis of the PM2.5 exposure group and revealed that AR patients exposed to PM2.5 are significantly prone to develop AD. In addition, the logistic regression analyses, after adjustment, demonstrated that an increase in the PM2.5 exposure level at Q2-Q4 (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.656-5.604) increased the risk of AR in AD patients. In conclusion, an increased PM2.5 exposure level could be correlated with AR, which could in turn cause AD. AR increased the risk of AD, in which exposure to PM2.5 increases the higher probability of AD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wei CW, Luo T, Zou SS, Wu AS. Research progress on the roles of microRNAs in governing synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Life Sci 2017; 188:118-122. [PMID: 28866103 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of non-coding RNA involved in biological processes has become apparent in recent years and the mechanism of transcriptional regulation has also been identified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small regulatory non-coding RNAs of 22bp in length that mediate gene silencing by identifying specific sequences in the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Many miRNAs are highly expressed in the central nervous system in a spatially and temporally controlled manner in normal physiology, as well as in certain pathological conditions. There is growing evidence that a considerable number of specific miRNAs play important roles in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory function. In addition, the dysfunction of these molecules may also contribute to the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Here we provide an overview of the current literatures, which support non-coding RNA-mediated gene function regulation represents an important but underappreciated, layer of epigenetic control that facilitates learning and memory functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - An-Shi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klein B, Mrowetz H, Thalhamer J, Scheiblhofer S, Weiss R, Aigner L. Allergy Enhances Neurogenesis and Modulates Microglial Activation in the Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:169. [PMID: 27445696 PMCID: PMC4923262 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergies and their characteristic TH2-polarized inflammatory reactions affect a substantial part of the population. Since there is increasing evidence that the immune system modulates plasticity and function of the central nervous system (CNS), we investigated the effects of allergic lung inflammation on the hippocampus—a region of cellular plasticity in the adult brain. The focus of the present study was on microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, and on hippocampal neurogenesis, i.e., the generation of new neurons. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with a clinically relevant allergen derived from timothy grass pollen (Phl p 5). As expected, allergic sensitization induced high serum levels of allergen-specific immunoglobulins (IgG1 and IgE) and of TH2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13). Surprisingly, fewer Iba1+ microglia were found in the granular layer (GL) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and also the number of Iba1+MHCII+ cells was lower, indicating a reduced microglial surveillance and activation in the hippocampus of allergic mice. Neurogenesis was analyzed by labeling of proliferating cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and determining their fate 4 weeks later, and by quantitative analysis of young immature neurons, i.e., cells expressing doublecortin (DCX). The number of DCX+ cells was clearly increased in the allergy animals. Moreover, there were more BrdU+ cells present in the hippocampus of allergic mice, and these newly born cells had differentiated into neurons as indicated by a higher number of BrdU+NeuN+ cells. In summary, allergy led to a reduced microglia presence and activity and to an elevated level of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. This effect was apparently specific to the hippocampus, as we did not observe these alterations in the subventricular zone (SVZ)/olfactory bulb (OB) system, also a region of high cellular plasticity and adult neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klein
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Heike Mrowetz
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Josef Thalhamer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sandra Scheiblhofer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bazan NG. Omega-3 fatty acids and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: the unraveling of neurorestorative cell signaling. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2016-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li W, Wang T, Xiao S. Type 2 diabetes mellitus might be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment progressing to Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2489-2495. [PMID: 27729793 PMCID: PMC5047733 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), so identification of the related risk factors can be helpful. Although the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and these modest changes in cognition is well established, whether T2DM will promote the transformation of MCI into AD is not a unified conclusion. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the relationship between T2DM and MCI in the elderly population living in the community in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. METHODS A total of 197 participants were included in the study. They were screened for T2DM, hyperlipidemia, traumatic brain injury, and family history of dementia. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment were used to assess cognitive function. The diagnosis of AD was made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, whereas the diagnosis of MCI was made according to Petersen's criteria. Then, we investigated the relation between T2DM and MCI. RESULTS A total of 82 (41.6%) participants had no cognitive impairment, 82 (41.6%) participants had MCI, and 33 (16.8%) participants had AD. Multivariate logistic regression models demonstrated that T2DM was a risk factor for AD (odds ratio =49.723, 95% CI =21.173-111.987). CONCLUSION T2DM might be a risk factor for MCI progressing into AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|