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Duggan MR, Gomez GT, Joynes CM, Bilgel M, Chen J, Fattorelli N, Hohman TJ, Mancuso R, Cordon J, Castellano T, Koran MEI, Candia J, Lewis A, Moghekar A, Ashton NJ, Kac PR, Karikari TK, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Martinez-Muriana A, De Strooper B, Thambisetty M, Ferrucci L, Gottesman RF, Coresh J, Resnick SM, Walker KA. Proteome-wide analysis identifies plasma immune regulators of amyloid-beta progression. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:604-619. [PMID: 38977137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
While immune function is known to play a mechanistic role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), whether immune proteins in peripheral circulation influence the rate of amyloid-β (Aβ) progression - a central feature of AD - remains unknown. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we quantified 942 immunological proteins in plasma and identified 32 (including CAT [catalase], CD36 [CD36 antigen], and KRT19 [keratin 19]) associated with rates of cortical Aβ accumulation measured with positron emission tomography (PET). Longitudinal changes in a subset of candidate proteins also predicted Aβ progression, and the mid- to late-life (20-year) trajectory of one protein, CAT, was associated with late-life Aβ-positive status in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Genetic variation that influenced plasma levels of CAT, CD36 and KRT19 predicted rates of Aβ accumulation, including causal relationships with Aβ PET levels identified with two-sample Mendelian randomization. In addition to associations with tau PET and plasma AD biomarker changes, as well as expression patterns in human microglia subtypes and neurovascular cells in AD brain tissue, we showed that 31 % of candidate proteins were related to mid-life (20-year) or late-life (8-year) dementia risk in ARIC. Our findings reveal plasma proteins associated with longitudinal Aβ accumulation, and identify specific peripheral immune mediators that may contribute to the progression of AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duggan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriela T Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra M Joynes
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicola Fattorelli
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- Microglia and Inflammation in Neurological Disorders Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jenifer Cordon
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tonnar Castellano
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary Ellen I Koran
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julián Candia
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandria Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Center for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Center for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Przemysław R Kac
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; ICM Institute, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, PR China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Martinez-Muriana
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Departments of Population Health and Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keenan A Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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van Setten A, Uleman JF, Melis RJF, Lawlor B, Riksen NP, Claassen JAHR, de Heus RAA. No association between markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with Alzheimer's disease progression: a longitudinal study. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01294-x. [PMID: 39085534 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are potentially modifiable factors implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which offer potential therapeutic targets to slow disease progression. METHODS We investigated the relationship between baseline circulating levels of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1ß) and endothelial cell markers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin) and 18-month cognitive decline (ADAS-cog12) in 266 mild-to-moderate AD patients from the NILVAD study. We employed individual growth models to examine associations, potential mediation, and interaction effects while adjusting for confounders. RESULTS The average increase in ADAS-cog12 scores over all patients was 8.1 points in 18 months. No significant association was found between the markers and the rate of cognitive decline. Mediation analysis revealed no mediating role for endothelial cell markers, and interaction effects were not observed. DISCUSSION Our results do not support the role of systemic inflammation or endothelial dysfunction in progression in persons with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne van Setten
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F Uleman
- Copenhagen Health Complexity Center, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - René J F Melis
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rianne A A de Heus
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lei T, Yang Z, Li H, Qin M, Gao H. Interactions between nanoparticles and pathological changes of vascular in Alzheimer's disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115219. [PMID: 38401847 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that vascular pathological changes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature occurs in the early course of AD, characterized by alterations in vascular morphology, diminished cerebral blood flow (CBF), impairment of the neurovascular unit (NVU), vasculature inflammation, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Vascular dysfunction not only facilitates the influx of neurotoxic substances into the brain, triggering inflammation and immune responses but also hampers the efflux of toxic proteins such as Aβ from the brain, thereby contributing to neurodegenerative changes in AD. Furthermore, these vascular changes significantly impact drug delivery and distribution within the brain. Therefore, developing targeted delivery systems or therapeutic strategies based on vascular alterations may potentially represent a novel breakthrough in AD treatment. This review comprehensively examines various aspects of vascular alterations in AD and outlines the current interactions between nanoparticles and pathological changes of vascular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zixiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Jin J, Guang M, Li S, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang B, Cheng M, Schmalz G, Huang X. Immune-related signature of periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease linkage. Front Genet 2023; 14:1230245. [PMID: 37849501 PMCID: PMC10577303 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1230245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontits (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both associated with ageing and clinical studies increasingly evidence their association. However, specific mechanisms underlying this association remain undeciphered, and immune-related processes are purported to play a signifcant role. The accrual of publicly available transcriptomic datasets permits secondary analysis and the application of data-mining and bioinformatic tools for biological discovery. Aim: The present study aimed to leverage publicly available transcriptomic datasets and databases, and apply a series of bioinformatic analysis to identify a robust signature of immune-related signature of PD and AD linkage. Methods: We downloaded gene-expresssion data pertaining PD and AD and identified crosstalk genes. We constructed a protein-protein network analysis, applied immune cell enrichment analysis, and predicted crosstalk immune-related genes and infiltrating immune cells. Next, we applied consisent cluster analysis and performed immune cell bias analysis, followed by LASSO regression to select biomarker immune-related genes. Results: The results showed a 3 gene set comprising of DUSP14, F13A1 and SELE as a robust immune-related signature. Macrophages M2 and NKT, B-cells, CD4+ memory T-cells and CD8+ naive T-cells emerged as key immune cells linking PD with AD. Conclusion: Candidate immune-related biomarker genes and immune cells central to the assocation of PD with AD were identified, and merit investigation in experimental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqi Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengkai Guang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hashemi KS, Aliabadi MK, Mehrara A, Talebi E, Hemmati AA, Rezaeiye RD, Ghanbary MJ, Motealleh M, Dayeri B, Alashti SK. A meta-analysis of microarray datasets to identify biological regulatory networks in Alzheimer's disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1225196. [PMID: 37705610 PMCID: PMC10497115 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1225196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by mental deterioration, memory deficit, and multiple cognitive abnormalities, with an overall prevalence of ∼2% among industrialized countries. Although a proper diagnosis is not yet available, identification of miRNAs and mRNAs could offer valuable insights into the molecular pathways underlying AD's prognosis. Method: This study aims to utilize microarray bioinformatic analysis to identify potential biomarkers of AD, by analyzing six microarray datasets (GSE4757, GSE5281, GSE16759, GSE28146, GSE12685, and GSE1297) of AD patients, and control groups. Furthermore, this study conducted gene ontology, pathways analysis, and protein-protein interaction network to reveal major pathways linked to probable biological events. The datasets were meta-analyzed using bioinformatics tools, to identify significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes and their targeted miRNAs'. Results: According to the findings, CXCR4, TGFB1, ITGB1, MYH11, and SELE genes were identified as hub genes in this study. The analysis of DEGs using GO (gene ontology) revealed that these genes were significantly enriched in actin cytoskeleton regulation, ECM-receptor interaction, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eventually, hsa-mir-122-5p, hsa-mir-106a-5p, hsa-mir-27a-3p, hsa-mir16-5p, hsa-mir-145-5p, hsa-mir-12-5p, hsa-mir-128-3p, hsa-mir 3200-3p, hsa-mir-103a-3p, and hsa-mir-9-3p exhibited significant interactions with most of the hub genes. Conclusion: Overall, these genes can be considered as pivotal biomarkers for diagnosing the pathogenesis and molecular functions of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Sadat Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadese Koohi Aliabadi
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Mehrara
- School of Pharmacy, Ramsar International Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Elham Talebi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Hemmati
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Pavia University, Lombardi, Italy
| | | | | | - Maryam Motealleh
- Department of System Biology Lab, University of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Behnaz Dayeri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Tarawneh R. Microvascular Contributions to Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis: Is Alzheimer Disease Primarily an Endotheliopathy? Biomolecules 2023; 13:830. [PMID: 37238700 PMCID: PMC10216678 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) models are based on the notion that abnormal protein aggregation is the primary event in AD, which begins a decade or longer prior to symptom onset, and culminates in neurodegeneration; however, emerging evidence from animal and clinical studies suggests that reduced blood flow due to capillary loss and endothelial dysfunction are early and primary events in AD pathogenesis, which may precede amyloid and tau aggregation, and contribute to neuronal and synaptic injury via direct and indirect mechanisms. Recent data from clinical studies suggests that endothelial dysfunction is closely associated with cognitive outcomes in AD and that therapeutic strategies which promote endothelial repair in early AD may offer a potential opportunity to prevent or slow disease progression. This review examines evidence from clinical, imaging, neuropathological, and animal studies supporting vascular contributions to the onset and progression of AD pathology. Together, these observations support the notion that the onset of AD may be primarily influenced by vascular, rather than neurodegenerative, mechanisms and emphasize the importance of further investigations into the vascular hypothesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of Neurology, Center for Memory and Aging, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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7
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Custodia A, Aramburu-Núñez M, Rodríguez-Arrizabalaga M, Pías-Peleteiro JM, Vázquez-Vázquez L, Camino-Castiñeiras J, Aldrey JM, Castillo J, Ouro A, Sobrino T, Romaus-Sanjurjo D. Biomarkers Assessing Endothelial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060962. [PMID: 36980302 PMCID: PMC10047803 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common degenerative disorder in the elderly in developed countries. Currently, growing evidence is pointing at endothelial dysfunction as a key player in the cognitive decline course of AD. As a main component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the dysfunction of endothelial cells driven by vascular risk factors associated with AD allows the passage of toxic substances to the cerebral parenchyma, producing chronic hypoperfusion that eventually causes an inflammatory and neurotoxic response. In this process, the levels of several biomarkers are disrupted, such as an increase in adhesion molecules that allow the passage of leukocytes to the cerebral parenchyma, increasing the permeability of the BBB; moreover, other vascular players, including endothelin-1, also mediate artery inflammation. As a consequence of the disruption of the BBB, a progressive neuroinflammatory response is produced that, added to the astrogliosis, eventually triggers neuronal degeneration (possibly responsible for cognitive deterioration). Recently, new molecules have been proposed as early biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction that can constitute new therapeutic targets as well as early diagnostic and prognostic markers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Custodia
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Aramburu-Núñez
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariña Rodríguez-Arrizabalaga
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pías-Peleteiro
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Vázquez-Vázquez
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Camino-Castiñeiras
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aldrey
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Ouro
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Pirooznia SK, Rosenthal LS, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Parkinson Disease: Translating Insights from Molecular Mechanisms to Neuroprotection. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:33-97. [PMID: 34663684 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) used to be considered a nongenetic condition. However, the identification of several autosomal dominant and recessive mutations linked to monogenic PD has changed this view. Clinically manifest PD is then thought to occur through a complex interplay between genetic mutations, many of which have incomplete penetrance, and environmental factors, both neuroprotective and increasing susceptibility, which variably interact to reach a threshold over which PD becomes clinically manifested. Functional studies of PD gene products have identified many cellular and molecular pathways, providing crucial insights into the nature and causes of PD. PD originates from multiple causes and a range of pathogenic processes at play, ultimately culminating in nigral dopaminergic loss and motor dysfunction. An in-depth understanding of these complex and possibly convergent pathways will pave the way for therapeutic approaches to alleviate the disease symptoms and neuroprotective strategies to prevent disease manifestations. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of advances made in PD research based on leveraging genetic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. It further discusses novel perspectives to facilitate identification of critical molecular pathways that are central to neurodegeneration that hold the potential to develop neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative therapeutic strategies for PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A comprehensive review of PD pathophysiology is provided on the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors and biologic processes that contribute to PD pathogenesis. This knowledge identifies new targets that could be leveraged into disease-modifying therapies to prevent or slow neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K Pirooznia
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
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9
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Drake JD, Chambers AB, Ott BR, Daiello LA. Peripheral Markers of Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Show Independent but Additive Relationships with Brain-Based Biomarkers in Association with Functional Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1553-1565. [PMID: 33720880 PMCID: PMC8150492 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular dysfunction confers risk for functional decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the clinical interplay of these two pathogenic processes is not well understood. OBJECTIVE We utilized Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data to examine associations between peripherally derived soluble cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and clinical diagnostic indicators of AD. METHODS Using generalized linear regression models, we examined cross-sectional relationships of soluble plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-Selectin to baseline diagnosis and functional impairment (clinical dementia rating sum-of-boxes, CDR-SB) in the ADNI cohort (n = 112 AD, n = 396 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), n = 58 cognitively normal). We further analyzed associations of these biomarkers with brain-based AD biomarkers in a subset with available cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data (n = 351). p-values derived from main effects and interaction terms from the linear regressions were used to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables for significance (significance level was set at 0.05 a priori for all analysis). RESULTS Higher mean VCAM-1 (p = 0.0026) and ICAM-1 (p = 0.0189) levels were found in AD versus MCI groups; however, not in MCI versus cognitively normal groups. Only VCAM-1 was linked with CDR-SB scores (p = 0.0157), and APOE ɛ4 genotype modified this effect. We observed independent, additive associations when VCAM-1 and CSF amyloid-β (Aβ42), total tau, phosphorylated tau (P-tau), or P-tau/Aβ42 (all < p = 0.01) were combined in a CDR-SB model; ICAM-1 showed a similar pattern, but to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate independent associations of plasma-based vascular biomarkers and CSF biomarkers with AD-related clinical impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Drake
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence RI, USA
| | - Alison B Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence RI, USA
| | - Brian R Ott
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence RI, USA
| | - Lori A Daiello
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence RI, USA
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10
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Shaffer RM, Sheppard L, Peskind ER, Zhang J, Adar SD, Li G. Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Vascular Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:1015-1025. [PMID: 31476158 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular diseases play an important role in dementia. Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular disease, with growing links to neurodegeneration. Prior studies demonstrate associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and biomarkers of endothelial injury in the blood; however, no studies have evaluated these biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). OBJECTIVE We evaluate associations between short-term and long-term PM2.5 exposure with CSF vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and e-selectin in cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/Alzheimer's disease (AD) individuals. METHODS We collected CSF from 133 community volunteers at VA Puget Sound between 2001-2012. We assigned short-term PM2.5 from central monitors and long-term PM2.5 based on annual average exposure predictions linked to participant addresses. We performed analyses stratified by cognitive status and adjusted for key covariates with tiered models. Our primary exposure windows for the short-term and long-term analyses were 7-day and 1-year averages, respectively. RESULTS Among cognitively normal individuals, a 5 μg/m3 increase in 7-day and 1-year average PM2.5 was associated with elevated VCAM-1 (7-day: 35.4 (9.7, 61.1) ng/ml; 1-year: 51.8 (6.5, 97.1) ng/ml). A 5 μg/m3 increase in 1-year average PM2.5, but not 7-day average, was associated with elevated e-selectin (53.3 (11.0, 95.5) pg/ml). We found no consistent associations among MCI/AD individuals. CONCLUSIONS We report associations between short-term and long term PM2.5 and CSF biomarkers of vascular damage in cognitively normal adults. These results are aligned with prior research linking PM2.5 to vascular damage in other biofluids as well as emerging evidence of the role of PM2.5 in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Shaffer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- VA Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, WA, USA
| | - Ge Li
- VA Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Song Q, Hou Y, Liu J, Sun Y, Wang P. Characterization of the chromatin accessibility in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:29. [PMID: 32293531 PMCID: PMC7092509 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involve alterations in the expression of numerous genes associated with transcriptional levels, which are determined by chromatin accessibility. Here, the landscape of chromatin accessibility was studied to understand the outline of the transcription and expression of AD-associated metabolism genes in an AD mouse model. Methods The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq) was used to investigate the AD-associated chromatin reshaping in the APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model. ATAC-seq data in the hippocampus of 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice were generated, and the relationship between chromatin accessibility and gene expression was analyzed in combination with RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was applied to elucidate biological processes and signaling pathways altered in APP/PS1 mice. Critical transcription factors were identified; alterations in chromatin accessibility were further confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Results We identified 1690 increased AD-associated chromatin-accessible regions in the hippocampal tissues of APP/PS1 mice. These regions were enriched in genes related to diverse signaling pathways, including the PI3K-Akt, Hippo, TGF-β, and Jak-Stat signaling pathways, which play essential roles in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. A total of 1003 decreased chromatin-accessible regions were considered to be related with declined AD-associated biological processes including cellular response to hyperoxia and insulin stimulus, synaptic transmission, and positive regulation of autophagy. In the APP/PS1 hippocampus, 1090 genes were found to be upregulated and 1081 downregulated. Interestingly, enhanced ATAC-seq signal was found in approximately 740 genes, with 43 exhibiting upregulated mRNA levels. Several genes involved in AD development were found to have a significantly increased expression in APP/PS1 mice compared to controls, including Sele, Clec7a, Cst7, and Ccr6. The signatures of numerous transcription factors, including Olig2, NeuroD1, TCF4, and NeuroG2, were found enriched in the AD-associated accessible chromatin regions. The transcription-activating marks of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac were also found increased in the promoters of these genes. These results indicate that the mechanism for the upregulation of genes could be attributed to the enrichment of open chromatin regions with transcription factors motifs and the histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Conclusion Our study reveals that alterations in chromatin accessibility may be an initial mechanism in AD pathogenesis. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13195-020-00598-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuli Hou
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peichang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Ding Y, Yang C, Zhou Z, Peng Y, Chen J, Pan S, Xu H, Cai Y, Ou K, Xie W, Wang H. Clinical significance of soluble adhesion molecules in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:945-953. [PMID: 31139692 PMCID: PMC6529932 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that immune system dysfunction affects anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between adhesion molecules and the pathophysiology in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. Soluble forms of Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), vascular adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1), and L‐selectin (sL‐selectin), were measured in the CSF and serum of 26 participants with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, 11 patients with schizophrenia and 22 patients with noninflammatory disorders. CSF levels of sICAM‐1, sVCAM‐1 and sL‐selectin were significantly elevated in the anti‐NMDAR encephalitis group. sVCAM‐1 levels were positively associated with modified Rankin scale score in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis patients at the onset and 3‐month follow‐up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Ding
- Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Chengjia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangdong Mental Health Center Guangzhou China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangdong Province China
| | - Zheyi Zhou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangdong Province China.,Department of Neurology Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital Liuzhou China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Hong Xu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangdong Province China
| | - Yuping Cai
- Hexian Memorial Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Kaiyun Ou
- Department of Neurology Laibin People's Hospital Laibin China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
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13
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Shi M, Tang L, Toledo JB, Ginghina C, Wang H, Aro P, Jensen PH, Weintraub D, Chen-Plotkin AS, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, McCluskey L, Elman LB, Wolk DA, Lee EB, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Zhang J. Cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein contributes to the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1052-1062. [PMID: 29604263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (amyloid β peptide 1-42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau) to discriminate AD from related disorders is limited. Biomarkers for other concomitant pathologies (e.g., CSF α-synuclein [α-syn] for Lewy body pathology) may be needed to further improve the differential diagnosis. METHODS CSF total α-syn, phosphorylated α-syn at Ser129, and AD CSF biomarkers were evaluated with Luminex immunoassays in 367 participants, followed by validation in 74 different neuropathologically confirmed cases. RESULTS CSF total α-syn, when combined with amyloid β peptide 1-42 and either total tau or phosphorylated tau, improved the differential diagnosis of AD versus frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body disorders, or other neurological disorders. The diagnostic accuracy of the combined models attained clinical relevance (area under curve ∼0.9) and was largely validated in neuropathologically confirmed cases. DISCUSSION Combining CSF biomarkers representing AD and Lewy body pathologies may have clinical value in the differential diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jon B Toledo
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmen Ginghina
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Centre and Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick Aro
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Poul H Jensen
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience & Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice S Chen-Plotkin
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leo McCluskey
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren B Elman
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Centre and Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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14
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Zenaro E, Piacentino G, Constantin G. The blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 107:41-56. [PMID: 27425887 PMCID: PMC5600438 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the pathological accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated neuronal tau protein. AD pathology is also characterized by chronic brain inflammation, which promotes disease pathogenesis. In this context, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly specialized endothelial cell membrane that lines cerebral microvessels, represents the interface between neural cells and circulating cells of the immune system. The BBB thus plays a key role in the generation and maintenance of chronic inflammation during AD. The BBB operates within the neurovascular unit (NVU), which includes clusters of glial cells, neurons and pericytes. The NVU becomes dysfunctional during AD, and each of its components may undergo functional changes that contribute to neuronal injury and cognitive deficit. In transgenic animals with AD-like pathology, recent studies have shown that circulating leukocytes migrate through the activated brain endothelium when certain adhesion molecules are expressed, penetrating into the brain parenchyma, interacting with the NVU components and potentially affecting their structural integrity and functionality. Therefore, migrating immune system cells in cerebral vessels act in concert with the modified BBB and may be integrated into the dysfunctional NVU. Notably, blocking the adhesion mechanisms controlling leukocyte-endothelial interactions inhibits both Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation, and reduces memory loss in AD models. The characterization of molecular mechanisms controlling vascular inflammation and leukocyte trafficking could therefore help to determine the basis of BBB dysfunction during AD and may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gennj Piacentino
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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15
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Li G, Larson EB, Shofer JB, Crane PK, Gibbons LE, McCormick W, Bowen JD, Thompson ML. Cognitive Trajectory Changes Over 20 Years Before Dementia Diagnosis: A Large Cohort Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:2627-2633. [PMID: 28940184 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Longitudinal studies have shown an increase in cognitive decline many years before clinical diagnosis of dementia. We sought to estimate changes, relative to "normal" aging, in the trajectory of scores on a global cognitive function test-the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING Community-dwelling members of a U.S. health maintenance organization. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 65 and older who had no dementia diagnosis at baseline and had at least two visits with valid CASI test score (N = 4,315). MEASUREMENTS Average longitudinal trajectories, including changes in trajectory before clinical diagnosis in those who would be diagnosed with dementia, were estimated for CASI item response theory (IRT) scores. The impact of sex, education level, and APOE genotype on cognitive trajectories was assessed. RESULTS Increased cognitive decline relative to "normal" aging was evident in CASI IRT at least 10 years before clinical diagnosis. Male gender, lower education, and presence of ≥1 APOE ε4 alleles were associated with lower average IRT scores. In those who would be diagnosed with dementia, a trajectory change point was estimated at an average of 3.1 years (95% confidence interval 3.0-3.2) before clinical diagnosis, after which cognitive decline appeared to accelerate. The change point did not differ by sex, education level, or APOE ε4 genotype. There were subtle differences in trajectory slopes by sex and APOE ε4 genotype, but not by education. CONCLUSION Decline in average global cognitive function was evident at least 10 years before clinical diagnosis of dementia. The decline accelerated about 3 years before clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jane B Shofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laura E Gibbons
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wayne McCormick
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - James D Bowen
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary Lou Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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16
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Li G, Shofer JB, Petrie EC, Yu CE, Wilkinson CW, Figlewicz DP, Shutes-David A, Zhang J, Montine TJ, Raskind MA, Quinn JF, Galasko DR, Peskind ER. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's and vascular disease vary by age, gender, and APOE genotype in cognitively normal adults. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:48. [PMID: 28673336 PMCID: PMC5496132 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to evaluate gender and APOE genotype-related differences in the concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular injury across the life span of cognitively normal adults. METHODS CSF amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ42), phospho-tau-181 (p-tau181), and total tau were measured in 331 participants who were between the ages of 21 and 100. CSF E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM1) were measured in 249 participants who were between the ages of 50 and 100. RESULTS CSF total tau and p-tau181 increased with age over the adult life span (p < 0.01) with no gender differences in those increases. CSF Aβ42 concentration varied according to age, gender, and APOE genotype (interaction of age × gender × ε4, p = 0.047). CSF VCAM1, but not E-selectin, increased with age (p < 0.01), but both were elevated in men compared to women (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Female APOE-ε4 carriers appear at higher risk for AD after age 50. In contrast, men may experience a relatively higher rate of cerebrovascular injury in middle and early old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Northwest Network (VISN-20) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
| | - Jane B Shofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Eric C Petrie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Northwest Network (VISN-20) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Charles W Wilkinson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Dianne P Figlewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,BSR&D Program, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Andrew Shutes-David
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.,Northwest Network (VISN-20) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357470, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane 235, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Murray A Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Northwest Network (VISN-20) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Care Center, Portland VA Medical Center, 3710 SW Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, L226, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Northwest Network (VISN-20) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
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