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Shastri D, Raj V, Lee S. Revolutionizing Alzheimer's treatment: Harnessing human serum albumin for targeted drug delivery and therapy advancements. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102379. [PMID: 38901740 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder initiated by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, leading to impaired cognitive function. Several delivery approaches have been improved for AD management. Among them, human serum albumin (HSA) is broadly employed for drug delivery and targeting the Aβ in AD owing to its biocompatibility, Aβ inhibitory effect, and nanoform, which showed blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing ability via glycoprotein 60 (gp60) receptor and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) protein to transfer the drug molecules in the brain. Thus far, there is no previous review focusing on HSA and its drug delivery system in AD. Hence, the reviewed article aimed to critically compile the HSA therapeutic as well as drug delivery role in AD management. It also delivers information on how HSA-incorporated nanoparticles with surfaced embedded ligands such as TAT, GM1, and so on, not only improve BBB permeability but also increase neuron cell targetability in AD brain. Additionally, Aβ and tau pathology, including various metabolic markers likely BACE1 and BACE2, etc., are discussed. Besides, the molecular interaction of HSA with Aβ and its distinctive forms are critically reviewed that HSA can segregate Zn(II) and Cu(II) metal ions from Aβ owing to high affinity. Furthermore, the BBB drug delivery challenges in AD are addressed. Finally, the clinical formulation of HSA for the management of AD is critically discussed on how the HSA inhibits Aβ oligomer and fibril, while glycated HSA participates in amyloid plaque formation, i.e., β-structure sheet formation. This review report provides theoretical background on HSA-based AD drug delivery and makes suggestions for future prospect-related work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shastri
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, the Republic of Korea
| | - Vinit Raj
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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2
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Ballesio A, Santamaria T, Furio S, Parisi P, Polese D, Micheli F, Baccini F, Di Nardo G, Lombardo C. Associations between immune biomarkers and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A preliminary longitudinal analysis. Physiol Behav 2024; 278:114510. [PMID: 38479583 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Innate immunity may influence the onset of affective symptoms and alter sleep patterns in chronic inflammatory conditions. Here, we tested the prospective associations between baseline serum C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and CRP/albumin ratio (CAR, i.e., an emerging biomarker of disease activity), and self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia at 1-year follow up in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (n = 17). After controlling for baseline values, CAR (ρ = 0.591, p = 0.026) predicted anxiety symptoms, while albumin predicted both anxiety (ρ = -0.687, p = 0.007) and insomnia symptoms (ρ = -0.648, p = 0.012). Current findings preliminarily suggest that inflammation may influence anxiety and sleep disturbance in paediatric IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Santamaria
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Furio
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Polese
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Micheli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Baccini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Nardo
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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3
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Lee JH, Lee DH, Lee BK, Ryu SJ. The association between C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and 6-month neurological outcome in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest. World J Emerg Med 2024; 15:223-228. [PMID: 38855379 PMCID: PMC11153364 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2024.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kook Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
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Monnerie H, Romer M, Roth LM, Long C, Millar JS, Jordan-Sciutto KL, Grinspan JB. Inhibition of lipid synthesis by the HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor elvitegravir in primary rat oligodendrocyte cultures. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1323431. [PMID: 38146334 PMCID: PMC10749327 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1323431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has greatly decreased mortality and morbidity among persons with HIV; however, neurologic impairments remain prevalent, in particular HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). White matter damage persists in cART-treated persons with HIV and may contribute to neurocognitive dysfunction as the lipid-rich myelin membrane of oligodendrocytes is essential for efficient nerve conduction. Because of the importance of lipids to proper myelination, we examined the regulation of lipid synthesis in oligodendrocyte cultures exposed to the integrase strand transfer inhibitor elvitegravir (EVG), which is administered to persons with HIV as part of their initial regimen. We show that protein levels of genes involved in the fatty acid pathway were reduced, which correlated with greatly diminished de novo levels of fatty acid synthesis. In addition, major regulators of cellular lipid metabolism, the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) 1 and 2, were strikingly altered following exposure to EVG. Impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation manifested as a marked reduction in mature oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, most of these deleterious effects could be prevented by adding serum albumin, a clinically approved neuroprotectant. These new findings, together with our previous study, strengthen the possibility that antiretroviral therapy, at least partially through lipid dysregulation, may contribute to the persistence of white matter changes observed in persons with HIV and that some antiretrovirals may be preferable as life-long therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Monnerie
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Micah Romer
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lindsay M. Roth
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Caela Long
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John S. Millar
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kelly L. Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Judith B. Grinspan
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Ullah R, Lee EJ. Advances in Amyloid-β Clearance in the Brain and Periphery: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:216-246. [PMID: 37749925 PMCID: PMC10569141 DOI: 10.5607/en23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of impaired amyloid-β clearance in the accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain and the periphery, which is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The molecular mechanism underlying amyloid-β accumulation is largely unknown, but recent evidence suggests that impaired amyloid-β clearance plays a critical role in its accumulation. The review provides an overview of recent research and proposes strategies for efficient amyloid-β clearance in both the brain and periphery. The clearance of amyloid-β can occur through enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways in the brain, including neuronal and glial cells, blood-brain barrier, interstitial fluid bulk flow, perivascular drainage, and cerebrospinal fluid absorption-mediated pathways. In the periphery, various mechanisms, including peripheral organs, immunomodulation/immune cells, enzymes, amyloid-β-binding proteins, and amyloid-β-binding cells, are involved in amyloid-β clearance. Although recent findings have shed light on amyloid-β clearance in both regions, opportunities remain in areas where limited data is available. Therefore, future strategies that enhance amyloid-β clearance in the brain and/or periphery, either through central or peripheral clearance approaches or in combination, are highly encouraged. These strategies will provide new insight into the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level and explore new targets for inhibiting amyloid-β deposition, which is central to the pathogenesis of sporadic AD (amyloid-β in parenchyma) and CAA (amyloid-β in blood vessels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Ullah
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Zhang K, Ma R, Feng L, Liu P, Cai S, Tong C, Zheng J. Albumin alleviated esketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis of rat retina through downregulation of Zn2+-dependent matrix metalloproteinase 9 during the early development. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:66. [PMID: 36384553 PMCID: PMC9670403 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Esketamine upregulates Zn2+-dependent matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and increases the neuronal apoptosis in retinal ganglion cell layer during the early development. We aimed to test whether albumin can alleviate esketamine-induced apoptosis through downregulating Zn2+-dependent MMP9. Methods We investigate the role of Zn2+ in esketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis by immunofluorescence. MMP9 protein expression and enzyme activity were investigated by zymography in situ., western blot and immunofluorescence. Whole-mount retinas from P7 Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Results We demonstrated that esketamine exposure increased Zn2+ in the retinal GCL during the early development. Zn2+-dependent MMP9 expression and enzyme activity up-regulated, which eventually aggravated apoptosis. Albumin effectively down-regulated MMP9 expression and activity via binding of free zinc, ultimately protected neurons from apoptosis. Meanwhile albumin treatment promoted activated microglia into multi-nucleated macrophagocytes and decreased the inflammation. Conclusion Albumin alleviates esketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis through decreasing Zn2+ accumulation in GCL and downregulating Zn2+-dependent MMP9. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12868-022-00753-5.
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Hirschfeld LR, Risacher SL, Nho K, Saykin AJ. Myelin repair in Alzheimer's disease: a review of biological pathways and potential therapeutics. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:47. [PMID: 36284351 PMCID: PMC9598036 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature review investigates the significant overlap between myelin-repair signaling pathways and pathways known to contribute to hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We discuss previously investigated therapeutic targets of amyloid, tau, and ApoE, as well as other potential therapeutic targets that have been empirically shown to contribute to both remyelination and progression of AD. Current evidence shows that there are multiple AD-relevant pathways which overlap significantly with remyelination and myelin repair through the encouragement of oligodendrocyte proliferation, maturation, and myelin production. There is a present need for a single, cohesive model of myelin homeostasis in AD. While determining a causative pathway is beyond the scope of this review, it may be possible to investigate the pathological overlap of myelin repair and AD through therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rose Hirschfeld
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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8
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Ullah A, Kwon HT, Lim SI. Albumin: A Multi-talented Clinical and Pharmaceutical Player. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Wang J, Guo C, Meng Z, Zwan MD, Chen X, Seelow S, Lundström SL, Rodin S, Teunissen CE, Zubarev RA. Testing the link between isoaspartate and Alzheimer's disease etiology. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:1491-1502. [PMID: 35924765 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Isoaspartate (isoAsp) is a damaging amino acid residue formed in proteins as a result of spontaneous deamidation. IsoAsp disrupts protein structures, making them prone to aggregation. Here we strengthened the link between isoAsp and Alzheimer's disease (AD) by novel approaches to isoAsp analysis in human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant blood protein and a major carrier of amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in blood. We discovered a reduced amount of anti-isoAsp antibodies (P < 0.0001), an elevated isoAsp level in HSA (P < 0.001), more HSA aggregates (P < 0.0001), and increased levels of free Aβ (P < 0.01) in AD blood compared to controls. We also found that deamidation significantly reduces HSA capacity to bind with Aβ and p-tau (P < 0.05). These suggest the presence in AD of a bottleneck in clearance of Aβ and p-tau, leading to their increased concentrations in the brain and facilitating their aggregations there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijing Wang
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cong Guo
- Department of Physics and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marissa D Zwan
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Physics and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sven Seelow
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna L Lundström
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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Ibuprofen Favors Binding of Amyloid-β Peptide to Its Depot, Serum Albumin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116168. [PMID: 35682848 PMCID: PMC9181795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain is a critical event in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This Aβ deposition could be prevented by directed enhancement of Aβ binding to its natural depot, human serum albumin (HSA). Previously, we revealed that specific endogenous ligands of HSA improve its affinity to monomeric Aβ. We show here that an exogenous HSA ligand, ibuprofen (IBU), exerts the analogous effect. Plasmon resonance spectroscopy data evidence that a therapeutic IBU level increases HSA affinity to monomeric Aβ40/Aβ42 by a factor of 3–5. Using thioflavin T fluorescence assay and transmission electron microcopy, we show that IBU favors the suppression of Aβ40 fibrillation by HSA. Molecular docking data indicate partial overlap between the IBU/Aβ40-binding sites of HSA. The revealed enhancement of the HSA–Aβ interaction by IBU and the strengthened inhibition of Aβ fibrillation by HSA in the presence of IBU could contribute to the neuroprotective effects of the latter, previously observed in mouse and human studies of AD.
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11
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Wang P, Yang P, Qian K, Li Y, Xu S, Meng R, Guo Q, Cheng Y, Cao J, Xu M, Lu W, Zhang Q. Precise gene delivery systems with detachable albumin shell remodeling dysfunctional microglia by TREM2 for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biomaterials 2021; 281:121360. [PMID: 34991033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intervention of the over-activated microglia-aggravated neuroinflammation represents a promising therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Upregulation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) attenuates the neuroinflammatory processes and normalizes the dysfunctional microglia. However, Trem2-gene therapy for AD by the effective non-invasive delivery systems is unexploited. Herein, we report the microglia-targeted gene delivery systems (PHSA@PF/pTREM2) composed of a core of fluorinated polyethylenimine condensing the TREM2-encoding plasmid (PF/pTREM2) and a shell of human serum albumin conjugated with both cis-aconitic anhydride and neural cell adhesion molecule-mimetic peptide P2 (PHSA). Thanks to the shedding effect of the albumin coated, PHSA@PF/pTREM2 exhibit prolonged blood circulation and low cytotoxicity. PHSA@PF/pTREM2 achieve brain accumulation as high as 2.17% injected dose per gram of brain and the microglial-targeting effect (targeting specificity of 41.9%) via the systemic administration. The nanocomplexes can be detached PHSA-shell in the acidic endo-lysosomes via the cleavage of cis-aconitic amide bond, resulting in PF/pTREM2 exposure for efficient endo-lysosomal escape and gene transfection. PHSA@PF/pTREM2 upregulate the TREM2 level and regulate microglial polarization toward M2-phenotype for remodeling the inflammatory microenvironment and enhanced Aβ clearance, leading to an improvement of cognitive performance in APP/PS1 mice. This work provides a promising gene delivery platform to reverse dysfunctional microglia for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Kang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yixian Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Shuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ran Meng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yunlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jinxu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Minjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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12
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Rahman MM, Lendel C. Extracellular protein components of amyloid plaques and their roles in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:59. [PMID: 34454574 PMCID: PMC8400902 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically defined by the presence of fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ) peptide in extracellular senile plaques and tau filaments in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Extensive research has focused on understanding the assembly mechanisms and neurotoxic effects of Aβ during the last decades but still we only have a brief understanding of the disease associated biological processes. This review highlights the many other constituents that, beside Aβ, are accumulated in the plaques, with the focus on extracellular proteins. All living organisms rely on a delicate network of protein functionality. Deposition of significant amounts of certain proteins in insoluble inclusions will unquestionably lead to disturbances in the network, which may contribute to AD and copathology. This paper provide a comprehensive overview of extracellular proteins that have been shown to interact with Aβ and a discussion of their potential roles in AD pathology. Methods that can expand the knowledge about how the proteins are incorporated in plaques are described. Top-down methods to analyze post-mortem tissue and bottom-up approaches with the potential to provide molecular insights on the organization of plaque-like particles are compared. Finally, a network analysis of Aβ-interacting partners with enriched functional and structural key words is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahafuzur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christofer Lendel
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Costa M, Páez A. Emerging insights into the role of albumin with plasma exchange in Alzheimer's disease management. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103164. [PMID: 34083161 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative process that inexorably leads to progressive deterioration of cognition function and, ultimately, death. Central pathophysiologic features of AD include the accumulation of extracellular plaques comprised of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and the presence of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. However, a large body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress and inflammation are major contributors to the pathogenesis and progression of AD. To date, available pharmacologic treatments are only symptomatic. Clinical trials focused on amyloid and non-amyloid-targeted treatments with small molecule pharmacotherapy and immunotherapies have accumulated a long list of failures. Considering that around 90 % of the circulating Aβ is bound to albumin, and that a dynamic equilibrium exists between peripheral and central Aβ, plasma exchange with albumin replacement has emerged as a new approach in a multitargeted AD therapeutic strategy (AMBAR Program). In plasma exchange, a patient's plasma is removed by plasmapheresis to eliminate toxic endogenous substances, including Aβ and functionally impaired albumin. The fluid replacement used is therapeutic albumin, which acts not only as a plasma volume expander but also has numerous pleiotropic functions (e.g., circulating Aβ- binding capacity, transporter, detoxifier, antioxidant) that are clinically relevant for the treatment of AD. Positive results from the AMBAR Program (phase 1, 2, an 2b/3 trials), i.e., slower decline or stabilization of disease symptoms in the most relevant clinical efficacy and safety endpoints, offer a glimmer of hope to both AD patients and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Páez
- Alzheimer's Research Group, Grifols, Barcelona, Spain.
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Xie H, Guo C. Albumin Alters the Conformational Ensemble of Amyloid-β by Promiscuous Interactions: Implications for Amyloid Inhibition. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:629520. [PMID: 33708792 PMCID: PMC7940760 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.629520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is a key endogenous inhibitor of amyloid-β (Αβ) aggregation. In vitro HSA inhibits Aβ fibrillization and targets multiple species along the aggregation pathway including monomers, oligomers, and protofibrils. Amyloid inhibition by HSA has both pathological implications and therapeutic potential, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. As a first step towards addressing this complex question, we studied the interactions of an Aβ42 monomer with HSA by molecular dynamics simulations. To adequately sample the conformational space, we adapted the replica exchange with solute tempering (REST2) method to selectively heat the Aβ42 peptide in the absence and presence of HSA. Aβ42 binds to multiple sites on HSA with a preference to domain III and adopts various conformations that all differ from the free state. The β-sheet abundances of H14-E22 and A30-M33 regions are significantly reduced by HSA, so are the β-sheet lengths. HSA shifts the conformational ensemble towards more disordered states and alters the β-sheet association patterns. In particular, the frequent association of Q15-V24 and N27-V36 regions into β-hairpin which is critical for aggregation is impeded. HSA primarily interacts with the latter β-region and the N-terminal charged residues. They form promiscuous interactions characterized by salt bridges at the edge of the peptide-protein interface and hydrophobic cores at the center. Consequently, intrapeptide interactions crucial for β-sheet formation are disrupted. Our work builds the bridge between the modification of Aβ conformational ensemble and amyloid inhibition by HSA. It also illustrates the potential of the REST2 method in studying interactions between intrinsically disordered peptides and globular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cong Guo
- Department of Physics and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Peng Q, Hou J, Wang S, Zhou F, E Y, Wang W, Huang T, Wang M, Huang S, Zhou J, Chen N, Zhang Y. Hypersensitive C-reactive protein-albumin ratio predicts symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:47. [PMID: 33522912 PMCID: PMC7849085 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 10% of patients would develop symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after endovascular therapy. The aim of our study was to explore the ability of hypersensitive C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (HAR) in predicting sICH after endovascular therapy. Methods From April 2016 to December 2018, 334 consecutive patients with anterior circulation infarction undergoing endovascular therapy were enrolled in our study. sICH was defined using Heidelberg bleeding classification after endovascular therapy. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the potential risk factors of sICH after endovascular therapy. We used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and nomogram analysis to assess the overall discriminative ability of the HAR in predicting sICH after endovascular therapy. Results Among these 334 patients enrolled, 37 (11.1%) patients with anterior circulation infarction were identified with sICH after endovascular therapy. Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients with higher levels of HAR may be inclined to develop sICH (odds ratio, 10.994; 95% confidence interval, 4.567–26.463; P = 0.001). This association remained significant even after adjustment for potential confounders. Also, a cutoff value of 0.526× 10− 3 for HAR was detected in predicting sICH (area under curve, 0.763). Furthermore, nomogram analysis also suggested that HAR was an indicator of sICH (c-index was 0.890, P< 0.001). Conclusions This study showed that high levels of HAR could predict sICH after endovascular therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02066-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jiankang Hou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yan E
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China
| | - Junshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China.
| | - Nihong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China. .,Department of Neurology, Nanjing Yuhua Hospital, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yingdong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, P.R. China.
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16
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Yang H, Gu S, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Zhao J, Cheng Z. Plasma Protein Panels for Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Elderly Chinese Individuals with Different Educational Backgrounds. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1629-1638. [PMID: 32662047 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To explore plasma protein panels as potential biomarkers to screen for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly Chinese individuals with different educational backgrounds. Forty-four illiterate, 36 lower education (1-6 years), and 55 higher education (7 years or more) elderly individuals were included in the present study. Among all subjects, 67 were healthy individuals and 68 were diagnosed with MCI. Fifty plasma proteins in blood samples collected from these subjects were analyzed via the Luminex assay. Binary logistic regression was utilized to explore diagnostic models for MCI among the three educational subgroups. Then, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted for the clinical validity of the MCI models. Among the analyzed proteins, clusterin was used in the model of MCI among the total sample with a sensitivity (se) of 67.6%, a specificity (sp) of 59.7%, and a classification rate of 63.68%. The MCI model for the illiterate group included cystatin C, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and apolipoprotein A-I (se: 71.4%, sp.: 82.6%, accuracy: 77.25%). The sensitivity, specificity, and classification rate of the diagnostic model of MCI in elderly adults with lower education (human serum albumin) were each 75.0%. Additionally, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rate of the diagnostic model for MCI elderly individuals with higher education (alpha-acid glycoprotein + soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 + pancreatic polypeptide) were 77.8%, 89.3%, and 83.60%, respectively. The performance of diagnostic models for MCI based on different educational levels is superior to that of diagnostic models for MCI without grouping by educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, No.156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shouquan Gu
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, No.156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, No.156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, No.156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinfa Zhao
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, No.22 Wenchang Road, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zaohuo Cheng
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, No.156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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17
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Loeffler DA. AMBAR, an Encouraging Alzheimer's Trial That Raises Questions. Front Neurol 2020; 11:459. [PMID: 32547478 PMCID: PMC7272580 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifols' recent Alzheimer Management by Albumin Replacement (“AMBAR”) study investigated the effects of plasmapheresis with albumin replacement, plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in some subjects, in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). AMBAR was a phase IIb trial in the United States and a phase III trial in Europe. There were three treatment groups (plasmapheresis with albumin replacement; plasmapheresis with low dose albumin and IVIG; plasmapheresis with high dose albumin and IVIG) and sham-treated controls. Disease progression in pooled treated patients was 66% less than control subjects based on ADAS-Cog scores (p = 0.06) and 52% less based on ADCS-ADL scores (p = 0.03). Moderate AD patients had 61% less progression, based on both ADAS-Cog and ADCS-ADL scores, than their sham-treated counterparts (p-values 0.05 and 0.002), and their CDR-Sb scores declined 53% less than their sham-treated counterparts. However, ADAS-Cog and ADCS-ADL scores were not significantly different between actively-treated and sham-treated mild AD patients, although CDR-Sb scores improved vs. baseline for treated mild AD patients. Patients administered both IVIG and albumin had less reduction in brain glucose metabolism than sham-treated patients. Questions raised by these findings include: what mechanism(s) contributed to slowing of disease progression? Is this approach as effective in mild AD as in moderate AD? Must IVIG be included in the protocol? Does age, sex, or ApoE genotype influence treatment response? Does the protocol increase the risk for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities? How long does disease progression remain slowed post-treatment? A further study should allow this approach to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loeffler
- Beaumont Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
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18
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Tsao FHC, Barnes JN, Amessoudji A, Li Z, Meyer KC. Aging-Related and Gender Specific Albumin Misfolding in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:67-77. [PMID: 32328565 PMCID: PMC7175925 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related protein misfolding and aggregation may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. In the brain, extracellular aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) is closely related to the death of neurons in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Albumin-Aβ binding is important in preventing Aβ fibril aggregation. However, because albumin is the most abundant and important antioxidant in the circulation, aging-related oxidative stress could have a significant effect on the molecular conformation and binding capacities of albumin. To investigate the link between misfolded albumin and AD, we developed fluorescent assays to determine the effects of misfolded albumin on membrane integrity in the presence of a lipolytic, inflammatory response-like enzyme, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). We found that misfolded albumin increased degradation of phospholipids in highly fluid bilayer membranes in the presence of sPLA2 due to hydrophobic effects of misfolded albumin. High amounts of misfolded albumin were present in sera of elderly (average 74 years) versus young (average 24 years) subjects (p < 0.0001). Albumin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of elderly subjects, though present in small concentrations, had a 2- to 3-fold increased capacity to promote sPLA2-catalyzed membrane phospholipid degradation as compared with the same amount of albumin in serum (p < 0.0001). In addition, the fatty acid binding capacity of albumin in CSF from female subjects was considerably lower than values obtained for men, especially for individuals diagnosed with AD (p = 0.0006). This study suggests that inflammation, misfolded albumin and/or other dysfunctional proteins, and changes in membrane fluidity could alter cell membrane integrity and homeostasis and contribute to the pathogenesis of aging-related dementia and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis H C Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jill N Barnes
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy Amessoudji
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhanhai Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Keith C Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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19
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Menendez-Gonzalez M, Gasparovic C. Albumin Exchange in Alzheimer's Disease: Might CSF Be an Alternative Route to Plasma? Front Neurol 2019; 10:1036. [PMID: 31681137 PMCID: PMC6813234 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) in brain parenchyma is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is transported from the brain to the plasma via complex transport mechanisms at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). About 90–95% of plasma Aβ may be bound to albumin. Replacement of serum albumin in plasma has been proposed as a promising therapy for AD. However, the efficacy of this approach may be compromised by altered BBB Aβ receptors in AD, as well as multiple pools of Aβ from other organs in exchange with plasma Aβ, competing for albumin binding sites. The flow of interstitial fluid (ISF) into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is another major route of Aβ clearance. Though the concentration of albumin in CSF is much lower than in plasma, the mixing of CSF with ISF is not impeded by a highly selective barrier and, hence, Aβ in the two pools is in more direct exchange. Furthermore, unlike in plasma, Aβ in CSF is not in direct exchange with multiple organ sources of Aβ. Here we consider albumin replacement in CSF as an alternative method for therapeutic brain Aβ removal and describe the possible advantages and rationale supporting this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Menendez-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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20
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Polis B, Gurevich V, Assa M, Samson AO. Norvaline Restores the BBB Integrity in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4616. [PMID: 31540372 PMCID: PMC6770953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia. The disease progression is associated with the build-up of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. However, besides the well-defined lesions, the AD-related pathology includes neuroinflammation, compromised energy metabolism, and chronic oxidative stress. Likewise, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is suggested to be a cause and AD consequence. Accordingly, therapeutic targeting of the compromised BBB is a promising disease-modifying approach. We utilized a homozygous triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD) to assess the effects of L-norvaline on BBB integrity. We scrutinized the perivascular astrocytes and macrophages by measuring the immunopositive profiles in relation to the presence of β-amyloid and compare the results with those found in wild-type animals. Typically, 3×Tg-AD mice display astroglia cytoskeletal atrophy, associated with the deposition of β-amyloid in the endothelia, and declining nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels. L-norvaline escalated NOS levels, then reduced rates of BBB permeability, amyloid angiopathy, microgliosis, and astrodegeneration, which suggests AD treatment agent efficacy. Moreover, results undergird the roles of astrodegeneration and microgliosis in AD-associated BBB dysfunction and progressive cognitive impairment. L-norvaline self-evidently interferes with AD pathogenesis and presents a potent remedy for angiopathies and neurodegenerative disorders intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruh Polis
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel.
| | - Vyacheslav Gurevich
- Laboratory of Cancer Personalized Medicine and Diagnostic Genomics, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel.
| | - Michael Assa
- Inter-laboratory Equipment Center, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel.
| | - Abraham O Samson
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel.
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21
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Baruah P, Rohman MA, Yesylevskyy SO, Mitra S. Therapeutic potency of substituted chromones as Alzheimer's drug: Elucidation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity through spectroscopic and molecular modelling investigation. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2019; 9:79-88. [PMID: 31334039 PMCID: PMC6637216 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2019.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Documentation on the potency of chromones as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) antagonists has paved the way for the design and usage of new chromone analogues as inhibitors of AChE modelled on the hypothesis based on cholinergic pathway of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, 2 minimally substituted chromones, namely 3-cyanochromone (CyC) and 7-amino-3- methylchromone (AMC), were checked for their AChE inhibition efficacies and plasma protein modulation. Methods: Colorimetric enzymatic assay as well as fluorescence measurements were performed for obtaining the experimental results, which were further corroborated by molecular docking and simulation studies. Results: The investigated systems exhibited strong inhibition activities against AChE, with CyC (IC50= 85.12 ± 6.70 nM) acting as better inhibitor than AMC (IC50 = 103.09 ± 11.90 nM) and both having IC50 values in the range of FDA approved cholinergic drug Donepezil (IC50 = 74.13 ± 8.30 nM). Non-competitive inhibition was observed in both the cases with the inhibitors binding near the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of the enzyme. Having one planar nitrile group in CyC as compared to sp3 hybridised substituents in AMC facilitated stacking interactions in the former, accounting for its higher inhibitory efficacy. A significant decrease in the inhibition potency of CyC (~32%) was noted in comparison with AMC (~5%) when the experiments were performed in presence of human serum albumin (HSA) instead of pure aqueous buffer. Conclusion: This comparative study affirms the importance of meticulous substitution in the chromone scaffold to promote maximum inhibition potency, while considering their usage as AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prayasee Baruah
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong – 793 022, India
| | - Mostofa Ataur Rohman
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong – 793 022, India
| | - Semen O. Yesylevskyy
- Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sivaprasad Mitra
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong – 793 022, India
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22
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Guo C, Zhou HX. Fatty Acids Compete with Aβ in Binding to Serum Albumin by Quenching Its Conformational Flexibility. Biophys J 2018; 116:248-257. [PMID: 30580919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) has been identified as an important regulator of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillization both in blood plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. Fatty acids bind to HSA, and high serum levels of fatty acids increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. In vitro, fatty-acid-loaded HSA (FA·HSA) loses the protective effect against Aβ fibrillization, but the mechanism underlying the interference of fatty acids on Aβ-HSA interactions has been unclear. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations to gain atomic-level insight on the weak binding of monomeric Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides with apo and FA·HSA. Consistent with recent NMR data, C-terminal residues of the Aβ peptides have the highest propensities for interacting with apo HSA. Interestingly, the Aβ binding residues of apo and FA·HSA exhibit distinct patterns, which qualitatively correlate with backbone flexibility. In FA·HSA, both flexibilities and Aβ binding propensities are relatively even among the three domains. In contrast, in apo HSA, domain III shows the highest flexibility and is the primary target for Aβ binding. Specifically, deformation of apo HSA creates strong binding sites within subdomain IIIb, around the interface between subdomains IIIa and IIIb, and at the cleft between domains III and I. Therefore, much like disordered proteins, HSA can take advantage of flexibility in forming promiscuous interactions with partners, until the flexibility is quenched by fatty-acid binding. Our work explains the effect of fatty acids on Aβ-HSA binding and contributes to the understanding of HSA regulation of Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guo
- Department of Physics and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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23
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Siotto M, Squitti R. Copper imbalance in Alzheimer’s disease: Overview of the exchangeable copper component in plasma and the intriguing role albumin plays. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Baruah P, Basumatary G, Yesylevskyy SO, Aguan K, Bez G, Mitra S. Novel coumarin derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: insight into efficacy, mode and site of inhibition. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:1750-1765. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1465853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prayasee Baruah
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University , Shillong, India
| | - Grace Basumatary
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University , Shillong, India
| | - Semen O. Yesylevskyy
- Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kripamoy Aguan
- Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ghanashyam Bez
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University , Shillong, India
| | - Sivaprasad Mitra
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University , Shillong, India
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25
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Bode DC, Stanyon HF, Hirani T, Baker MD, Nield J, Viles JH. Serum Albumin's Protective Inhibition of Amyloid-β Fiber Formation Is Suppressed by Cholesterol, Fatty Acids and Warfarin. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:919-934. [PMID: 29409811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is the assembly of monomeric amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) into oligomers and fibers. The most abundant protein in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid is human serum albumin. Albumin can bind to Aβ and is capable of inhibiting the fibrillization of Aβ at physiological (μM) concentrations. The ability of albumin to bind Aβ has recently been exploited in a phase II clinical trial, which showed a reduction in cognitive decline in AD patients undergoing albumin-plasma exchange. Here we explore the equilibrium between Aβ monomer, oligomer and fiber in the presence of albumin. Using transmission electron microscopy and thioflavin-T fluorescent dye, we have shown that albumin traps Aβ as oligomers, 9 nm in diameter. We show that albumin-trapped Aβ oligomeric assemblies are not capable of forming ion channels, which suggests a mechanism by which albumin is protective in Aβ-exposed neuronal cells. In vivo albumin binds a variety of endogenous and therapeutic exogenous hydrophobic molecules, including cholesterol, fatty acids and warfarin. We show that these molecules bind to albumin and suppress its ability to inhibit Aβ fiber formation. The interplay between Aβ, albumin and endogenous hydrophobic molecules impacts Aβ assembly; thus, changes in cholesterol and fatty acid levels in vivo may impact Aβ fibrillization, by altering the capacity of albumin to bind Aβ. These observations are particularly intriguing given that high cholesterol or fatty acid diets are well-established risk factors for late-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Bode
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Helen F Stanyon
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Trisha Hirani
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Mark D Baker
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jon Nield
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - John H Viles
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK.
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26
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Chen J, Li H, Wang T, Sun S, Liu J, Chen J. Production of N α-acetyl Tα1-HSA through in vitro acetylation by RimJ. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95247-95255. [PMID: 29221124 PMCID: PMC5707018 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is an important immunomodulating agent with various clinical applications. The natural form of Tα1 is Nα -acetylated, which was supposed to be related to in vivo stability of the hormone. In this study, fusion protein Tα1-HSA was constructed and expressed in Pichia pastoris. RimJ, a Nα -acetyltransferase from E.coli, was also overexpressed and purified to homogeneity. In vitro acetylation of Tα1-HSA in the presence of RimJ and acetyl coenzyme A resulted in Nα -acetyl Tα1-HSA. The Nα -acetylation was determined by LC-MS/MS. Kinetic assay indicated that RimJ had a higher affinity to desacetyl Tα1 than to Tα1-HSA. Bioactivity assay revealed fully retained activity of Tα1 when the hormone was connected to the N-terminus of the fusion protein, while the activity was compromised in our previously constructed HSA-Tα1. With fully retained activity and N-terminal acetylation, Nα -acetyl Tα1-HSA was expected to be a more promising pharmaceutical agent than Tα1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haibin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 5th People's Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuyang Sun
- Overseas Education College, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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27
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Hu Q, Yu B, Chen Q, Wang Y, Ling Y, Sun S, Shi Y, Zhou C. Effect of Linguizhugan decoction on neuroinflammation and expression disorder of the amyloid β‑related transporters RAGE and LRP‑1 in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:827-834. [PMID: 29115637 PMCID: PMC5780161 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Linguizhugan decoction (LGZG), a notable prescription in Traditional Chinese Medicine, is a classical formula for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), inflammatory injury and fluid retention. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of LGZG on an amyloid β (Aβ)-induced AD rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with Aβ1-42 to induce AD and inflammatory responses, and subsequently with LGZG (4.8, 2.4 or 1.2 g/kg), donepezil (2 mg/kg) or distilled water for 30 consecutive days. Learning and memory behaviors were evaluated via Morris water maze test. The neuronal impairment of AD rats was observed via hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and Aβ in the brain tissue were detected with ELISA kits. Protein expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signalling were measured by western blot analysis. The expression of lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) in the brain were detected by western blot analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analysis. LGZG was demonstrated to significantly improve learning and memory ability, and ameliorate neuroinflammation in AD rats. LGZG increased the levels of LRP-1 and decreased the levels of RAGE. Furthermore, the present results demonstrated that LGZG treatment significantly inhibited MAPK and NF-κB signalling, and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Aβ accumulation in AD rats. LGZG exhibited a potential protective effect on Aβ1-42-induced AD by regulating Aβ transportation, and inhibiting RAGE/MAPK and NF-κB signalling. These results suggest that LGZG may be considered for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Hu
- Department of Febrile Disease, Basic Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Yu
- Department of Febrile Disease, Basic Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Qinlei Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Febrile Disease, Basic Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Febrile Disease, Basic Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Songxian Sun
- Department of Febrile Disease, Basic Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Yinlong Shi
- Department of Febrile Disease, Basic Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiang Zhou
- Department of Febrile Disease, Basic Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
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28
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Choi TS, Lee HJ, Han JY, Lim MH, Kim HI. Molecular Insights into Human Serum Albumin as a Receptor of Amyloid-β in the Extracellular Region. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15437-15445. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Su Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong Yoon Han
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hugh I. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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29
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Algamal M, Ahmed R, Jafari N, Ahsan B, Ortega J, Melacini G. Atomic-resolution map of the interactions between an amyloid inhibitor protein and amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in the monomer and protofibril states. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17158-17168. [PMID: 28798235 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.792853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-association of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and serves as a general prototype for amyloid formation. A key endogenous inhibitor of Aβ self-association is human serum albumin (HSA), which binds ∼90% of plasma Aβ. However, the exact molecular mechanism by which HSA binds Aβ monomers and protofibrils is not fully understood. Here, using dark-state exchange saturation transfer NMR and relaxation experiments complemented by morphological characterization, we mapped the HSA-Aβ interactions at atomic resolution by examining the effects of HSA on Aβ monomers and soluble high-molecular weight oligomeric protofibrils. We found that HSA binds both monomeric and protofibrillar Aβ, but the affinity of HSA for Aβ monomers is lower than for Aβ protofibrils (Kd values are submillimolar rather than micromolar) yet physiologically relevant because of the ∼0.6-0.7 mm plasma HSA concentration. In both Aβ protofibrils and monomers, HSA targets key Aβ self-recognition sites spanning the β strands found in cross-β protofibril structures, leading to a net switch from direct to tethered contacts between the monomeric Aβ and the protofibril surface. These HSA-Aβ interactions are isoform-specific, because the HSA affinity of Aβ monomers is lower for Aβ(1-42) than for Aβ(1-40). In addition, the HSA-induced perturbations of the monomer/protofibrils pseudo-equilibrium extend to the C-terminal residues in the Aβ(1-42) isoform but not in Aβ(1-40). These results provide an unprecedented view of how albumin interacts with Aβ and illustrate the potential of dark-state exchange saturation transfer NMR in mapping the interactions between amyloid-inhibitory proteins and amyloidogenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashik Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Naeimeh Jafari
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and
| | - Bilal Ahsan
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Melacini
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and .,Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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30
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Abstract
Access to the CNS and delivery of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier remains a challenge for most treatments of major neurological diseases such as AD or PD. Focused ultrasound represents a potential approach for overcoming these barriers to treating AD and PD and perhaps other neurological diseases. Ultrasound (US) is best known for its imaging capabilities of organs in the periphery, but various arrangements of the transducers producing the acoustic signal allow the energy to be precisely focused (F) within the skull. Using FUS in combination with MRI and contrast agents further enhances accuracy by providing clear information on location. Varying the acoustic power allows FUS to be used in applications ranging from imaging, stimulation of brain circuits, to ablation of tissue. In several transgenic mouse models of AD, the use of FUS with microbubbles reduces plaque load and improves cognition and suggests the need to investigate this technology for plaque removal in AD. In PD, FUS is being explored as a way to non-invasively ablate the brain areas responsible for the tremor and dyskinesia associated with the disease, but has yet to be utilized for non-invasive delivery of putative therapeutics. The FUS approach also greatly increases the range of possible CNS therapeutics as it overcomes the issues of BBB penetration. In this review we discuss how the characteristics and various applications of FUS may advance the therapeutics available for treating or preventing neurodegenerative disorders with an emphasis on treating AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505.
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505.
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31
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Nemashkalova EL, Permyakov EA, Permyakov SE, Litus EA. Modulation of linoleic acid-binding properties of human serum albumin by divalent metal cations. Biometals 2017; 30:341-353. [PMID: 28303360 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is an abundant multiligand carrier protein, linked to progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Blood HSA serves as a depot of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide. Aβ peptide-buffering properties of HSA depend on interaction with its ligands. Some of the ligands, namely, linoleic acid (LA), zinc and copper ions are involved into AD progression. To clarify the interplay between LA and metal ion binding to HSA, the dependence of LA binding to HSA on Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels and structural consequences of these interactions have been explored. Seven LA molecules are bound per HSA molecule in the absence of the metal ions. Zn2+ binding to HSA causes a loss of one bound LA molecule, while the other metals studied exert an opposite effect (1-2 extra LA molecules are bound). In most cases, the observed effects are not related to the metal-induced changes in HSA quaternary structure. However, the Zn2+-induced decline in LA capacity of HSA could be due to accumulation of multimeric HSA forms. Opposite to Ca2+/Mg2+-binding, Zn2+ or Cu2+ association with HSA induces marked changes in its hydrophobic surface. Overall, the divalent metal ions modulate LA capacity and affinity of HSA to a different extent. LA- and Ca2+-binding to HSA synergistically support each other. Zn2+ and Cu2+ induce more pronounced changes in hydrophobic surface and quaternary structure of HSA and its LA capacity. A misbalanced metabolism of these ions in AD could modify interactions of HSA with LA, other fatty acids and hydrophobic substances, associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina L Nemashkalova
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290
| | - Eugene A Permyakov
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Science av., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290
| | - Sergei E Permyakov
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Science av., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290
| | - Ekaterina A Litus
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.
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Xie Y, Guo H, Wang L, Xu L, Zhang X, Yu L, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhao N, Zhao N, Ye R, Liu X. Human albumin attenuates excessive innate immunity via inhibition of microglial Mincle/Syk signaling in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:346-360. [PMID: 27845194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating subtype of stroke. Microglial macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) receptor launches microglial innate immunity after SAH, and thereby achieves a key step of early cerebral injury in SAH. We previously revealed albumin could improve long-term neurological outcomes after SAH. In this study, we examined the role of microglia-mediated innate immunity in the salutary effects of albumin. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in rats. We found that albumin can significantly mitigate early neurovascular dysfunction of SAH rats. Albumin administration resulted in reduced Iba-1 and CD68 staining in cortex. Markers of microglia M1 polarization (iNOS, IL-1β, CD16, and CD32) were remarkably suppressed. Neutrophil invasion was inhibited as chemokines (MCP-1, CINC-1, and CXCL-2) mRNA levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions were decreased. Mechanistically, albumin bound with microglial Mincle receptor, and retarded Mincle/Syk/IL-1β signaling in ipsilateral hemisphere subjected to SAH. In the cultured BV-2 microglial cells, we found Mincle and its ligand SAP130 mediate the cross-talk between neuronal necroptosis and microglial immunity response following SAH-related injury. Albumin could attenuate SAP130-induced Mincle upregulation and subsequent microglial inflammatory responses. The anti-inflammation effect of albumin was similar to the effect of genetic knockdown of Mincle. This effect may be attributed to a direct association between albumin and Mincle. The interaction also yielded a depression in the initiation of Mincle/Syk/IL-1β pathway. In conclusion, our results indicate that albumin can ameliorate innate immune responses after SAH. This anti-inflammatory action may be through direct restraining microglial Mincle receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Hongquan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Liumin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yunzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Nana Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Ruidong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.
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33
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Fatima S, Sen P, Sneha P, Priyadoss CG. Hydrophobic Interaction Between Domain I of Albumin and B Chain of Detemir May Support Myristate-Dependent Detemir-Albumin Binding. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:82-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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34
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Rabinovich-Nikitin I, Ezra A, Barbiro B, Rabinovich-Toidman P, Solomon B. Chronic administration of AMD3100 increases survival and alleviates pathology in SOD1(G93A) mice model of ALS. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:123. [PMID: 27230771 PMCID: PMC4882847 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease, involving both upper and lower motor neurons. The disease is induced by multifactorial pathologies, and as such, it requires a multifaceted therapeutic approach. CXCR4, a chemokine receptor widely expressed in neurons and glial cells and its ligand, CXCL12, also known as stromal-cell-derived factor (SDF1), modulate both neuronal function and apoptosis by glutamate release signaling as well as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) migration into the blood and their homing towards injured sites. Inhibition approaches towards the CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling may result in preventing neuronal apoptosis and alter the HSPCs migration and homing. Such inhibition can be achieved by means of treatment with AMD3100, an antagonist of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. METHODS We chronically treated male and female transgenic mice model of ALS, SOD1(G93A) mice, with AMD3100. Mice body weight and motor function, evaluated by Rotarod test, were recorded once a week. The most effective treatment regimen was repeated for biochemical and histological analyses in female mice. RESULTS We found that chronic administration of AMD3100 to SOD1(G93A) mice led to significant extension in mice lifespan and improved motor function and weight loss. In addition, the treatment significantly improved microglial pathology and decreased proinflammatory cytokines in spinal cords of treated female mice. Furthermore, AMD3100 treatment decreased blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability by increasing tight junction proteins levels and increased the motor neurons count in the lamina X area of the spinal cord, where adult stem cells are formed. CONCLUSIONS These data, relevant to the corresponding disease mechanism in human ALS, suggest that blocking CXCR4 by the small molecule, AMD3100, may provide a novel candidate for ALS therapy with an increased safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Ezra
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Beka Barbiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Polina Rabinovich-Toidman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Beka Solomon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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