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Latina V, De Introna M, Caligiuri C, Loviglio A, Florio R, La Regina F, Pignataro A, Ammassari-Teule M, Calissano P, Amadoro G. Immunotherapy with Cleavage-Specific 12A12mAb Reduces the Tau Cleavage in Visual Cortex and Improves Visuo-Spatial Recognition Memory in Tg2576 AD Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020509. [PMID: 36839831 PMCID: PMC9965010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau-targeted immunotherapy is a promising approach for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Beyond cognitive decline, AD features visual deficits consistent with the manifestation of Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the eyes and higher visual centers, both in animal models and affected subjects. We reported that 12A12-a monoclonal cleavage-specific antibody (mAb) which in vivo neutralizes the neurotoxic, N-terminal 20-22 kDa tau fragment(s)-significantly reduces the retinal accumulation in Tg(HuAPP695Swe)2576 mice of both tau and APP/Aβ pathologies correlated with local inflammation and synaptic deterioration. Here, we report the occurrence of N-terminal tau cleavage in the primary visual cortex (V1 area) and the beneficial effect of 12A12mAb treatment on phenotype-associated visuo-spatial deficits in this AD animal model. We found out that non-invasive administration of 12 A12mAb markedly reduced the pathological accumulation of both truncated tau and Aβ in the V1 area, correlated to significant improvement in visual recognition memory performance along with local increase in two direct readouts of cortical synaptic plasticity, including the dendritic spine density and the expression level of activity-regulated cytoskeleton protein Arc/Arg3.1. Translation of these findings to clinical therapeutic interventions could offer an innovative tau-directed opportunity to delay or halt the visual impairments occurring during AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita De Introna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation (FSL), Centro di Ricerca Europeo sul Cervello (CERC), Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Caligiuri
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation (FSL), Centro di Ricerca Europeo sul Cervello (CERC), Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Loviglio
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Florio
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico La Regina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annabella Pignataro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation (FSL), Centro di Ricerca Europeo sul Cervello (CERC), Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Martine Ammassari-Teule
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation (FSL), Centro di Ricerca Europeo sul Cervello (CERC), Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49255252
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Bello-Medina PC, González-Franco DA, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Díaz-Cintra S. Oxidative stress, the immune response, synaptic plasticity, and cognition in transgenic models of Alzheimer disease. Neurologia 2022; 37:682-690. [PMID: 31780319 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, approximately 50 million people have dementia, with Alzheimer disease (AD) being the most common type, accounting for 60%-70% of cases. Given its high incidence, it is imperative to design studies to expand our knowledge about its onset and development, and to develop early diagnosis strategies and/or possible treatments. One methodological strategy is the use of transgenic mouse models for the study of the factors involved in AD aetiology, which include oxidative stress and the immune response. DEVELOPMENT We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for original articles and reviews published between 2013 and 2019. In this review, we address two factors that have been studied independently, oxidative stress and the immune response, in transgenic models of AD, and discuss the relationship between these factors and their impact on the loss of synaptic and structural plasticity, resulting in cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION This review describes possible mechanisms by which oxidative stress and the immune response participate in the molecular, cellular, and behavioural effects of AD, observing a close relationship between these factors, which lead to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Bello-Medina
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - D A González-Franco
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Latina de México, Celaya, Guanajuato, México
| | - I Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - S Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
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Investigation of Anxiety- and Depressive-like Symptoms in 4- and 8-Month-Old Male Triple Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810816. [PMID: 36142737 PMCID: PMC9501136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Approximately 50% of AD patients show anxiety and depressive symptoms, which may contribute to cognitive decline. We aimed to investigate whether the triple-transgenic mouse (3xTg-AD) is a good preclinical model of this co-morbidity. The characteristic histological hallmarks are known to appear around 6-month; thus, 4- and 8-month-old male mice were compared with age-matched controls. A behavioral test battery was used to examine anxiety- (open field (OF), elevated plus maze, light-dark box, novelty suppressed feeding, and social interaction (SI) tests), and depression-like symptoms (forced swim test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, splash test, and learned helplessness) as well as the cognitive decline (Morris water maze (MWM) and social discrimination (SD) tests). Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry visualized cholinergic fibers in the cortex. Dexamethasone-test evaluated the glucocorticoid non-suppression. In the MWM, the 3xTg-AD mice found the platform later than controls in the 8-month-old cohort. The SD abilities of the 3xTg-AD mice were missing at both ages. In OF, both age groups of 3xTg-AD mice moved significantly less than the controls. During SI, 8-month-old 3xTg-AD animals spent less time with friendly social behavior than the controls. In the splash test, 3xTg-AD mice groomed themselves significantly less than controls of both ages. Cortical fiber density was lower in 8-month-old 3xTg-AD mice compared to the control. Dexamethasone non-suppression was detectable in the 4-month-old group. All in all, some anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms were present in 3xTg-AD mice. Although this strain was not generally more anxious or depressed, some aspects of comorbidity might be studied in selected tests, which may help to develop new possible treatments.
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Leung HW, Foo G, VanDongen A. Arc Regulates Transcription of Genes for Plasticity, Excitability and Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081946. [PMID: 36009494 PMCID: PMC9405677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immediate early gene Arc is a master regulator of synaptic function and a critical determinant of memory consolidation. Here, we show that Arc interacts with dynamic chromatin and closely associates with histone markers for active enhancers and transcription in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Both these histone modifications, H3K27Ac and H3K9Ac, have recently been shown to be upregulated in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). When Arc induction by pharmacological network activation was prevented using a short hairpin RNA, the expression profile was altered for over 1900 genes, which included genes associated with synaptic function, neuronal plasticity, intrinsic excitability, and signalling pathways. Interestingly, about 100 Arc-dependent genes are associated with the pathophysiology of AD. When endogenous Arc expression was induced in HEK293T cells, the transcription of many neuronal genes was increased, suggesting that Arc can control expression in the absence of activated signalling pathways. Taken together, these data establish Arc as a master regulator of neuronal activity-dependent gene expression and suggest that it plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Foo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Antonius VanDongen
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence:
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Shimada M, Maeda H, Nanashima N, Yamada K, Nakajima A. Anthocyanin‐rich blackcurrant extract improves long‐term memory impairment and emotional abnormality in senescence‐accelerated mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14295. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minori Shimada
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Biomedical Science and Laboratory Medicine Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
- Department of Industry Development Sciences Hirosaki University Graduate School of Sustainable Community Studies Hirosaki Japan
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Li T, Xu G, Yi J, Huang Y. Intraoperative Hypothermia Induces Vascular Dysfunction in the CA1 Region of Rat Hippocampus. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060692. [PMID: 35741578 PMCID: PMC9221322 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative hypothermia is very common and leads to memory decline. The hippocampus is responsible for memory formation. As a functional core area, the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus contains abundant blood vessels and is susceptible to ischemia. The aim of the study was to explore vascular function and neuronal state in the CA1 region of rats undergoing intraoperative hypothermia. The neuronal morphological change and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expression were evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence respectively. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to assess vascular function. Results showed that intraoperative hypothermia inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and caused reactive oxygen species accumulation. Additionally, the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells was transformed from contractile to synthetic, showing a decrease in smooth muscle myosin heavy chain and an increase in osteopontin. Ultimately, vascular dysfunction caused neuronal pyknosis in the CA1 region and reduced memory-related Arc expression. In conclusion, neuronal disorder in the CA1 region was caused by intraoperative hypothermia-related vascular dysfunction. This study could provide a novel understanding of the effect of intraoperative hypothermia in the hippocampus, which might identify a new research target and treatment strategy.
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Kaushik M, Kaushik P, Parvez S. Memory related molecular signatures: The pivots for memory consolidation and Alzheimer's related memory decline. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101577. [PMID: 35104629 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is the major cause of concern due to its 70% more incidence than dementia cases worldwide. Moreover, aging is also the major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with progressive memory loss. Approx. 13 million people will have Alzheimer-related memory decline by 2050. Learning and memory is the fundamental process of brain functions. However, the mechanism for the same is still under investigation. Thus, it is critical to understand the process of memory consolidation in the brain and extrapolate its understanding to the memory decline mechanism. Research on learning and memory has identified several molecular signatures such as Protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) crucial for the maintenance and stabilization of long-term memory in the brain. Interestingly, memory decline in AD has also been linked to the abnormality in expressing these memory-related molecular signatures. Hence, in the present consolidated review, we explored the role of these memory-related molecular signatures in long-term memory consolidation. Additionally, the effect of amyloid-beta toxicity on these molecular signatures is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Bello-Medina PC, González-Franco DA, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Díaz-Cintra S. Oxidative stress, the immune response, synaptic plasticity, and cognition in transgenic models of Alzheimer disease. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021; 37:682-690. [PMID: 34509401 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, approximately 50 million people have dementia, with Alzheimer disease (AD) being the most common type, accounting for 60%-70% of cases. Given its high incidence, it is imperative to design studies to expand our knowledge about its onset and development, and to develop early diagnosis strategies and/or possible treatments. One methodological strategy is the use of transgenic mouse models for the study of the factors involved in AD aetiology, which include oxidative stress and the immune response. DEVELOPMENT We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for original articles and reviews published between 2013 and 2019. In this review, we address 2 factors that have been studied independently, oxidative stress and the immune response, in transgenic models of AD, and discuss the relationship between these factors and their impact on the loss of synaptic and structural plasticity, resulting in cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION This review describes possible mechanisms by which oxidative stress and the immune response participate in the molecular, cellular, and behavioural effects of AD, observing a close relationship between these factors, which lead to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Bello-Medina
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - D A González-Franco
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Latina de México, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - I Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - S Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Bello-Medina PC, Hernández-Quiroz F, Pérez-Morales M, González-Franco DA, Cruz-Pauseno G, García-Mena J, Díaz-Cintra S, Pacheco-López G. Spatial Memory and Gut Microbiota Alterations Are Already Present in Early Adulthood in a Pre-clinical Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:595583. [PMID: 33994914 PMCID: PMC8116633 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.595583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline, extracellular β-amyloid peptide accumulation, and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the cortex and hippocampus. The triple-transgenic (3xTg) mouse model of AD presents memory impairment in several behavioral paradigms and histopathological alterations from 6 to 16 months old. Additionally, it seems that dysbiotic gut microbiota is present in both mouse models and patients of AD at the cognitive symptomatic stage. The present study aimed to assess spatial learning, memory retention, and gut microbiota alterations in an early adult stage of the 3xTg-AD mice as well as to explore its sexual dimorphism. We evaluated motor activity, novel-object localization training, and retention test as well as collected fecal samples to characterize relative abundance, alpha- and beta-diversity, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis in gut microbiota in both female and male 3xTg-AD mice, and controls [non-transgenic mice (NoTg)], at 3 and 5 months old. We found spatial memory deficits in female and male 3xTg-AD but no alteration neither during training nor in motor activity. Importantly, already at 3 months old, we observed decreased relative abundances of Actinobacteria and TM7 in 3xTg-AD compared to NoTg mice, while the beta diversity of gut microbiota was different in female and male 3xTg-AD mice in comparison to NoTg. Our results suggest that gut microbiota modifications in 3xTg-AD mice anticipate and thus could be causally related to cognitive decline already at the early adult age of AD. We propose that microbiota alterations may be used as an early and non-invasive diagnostic biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola C Bello-Medina
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández-Quiroz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcel Pérez-Morales
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Diego A González-Franco
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Cruz-Pauseno
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sofía Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
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Song Z, Li F, He C, Yu J, Li P, Li Z, Yang M, Cheng S. In-depth transcriptomic analyses of LncRNA and mRNA expression in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice by Danggui-Shaoyao-San. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23945-23959. [PMID: 33221745 PMCID: PMC7762474 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with a high incidence worldwide, and with no medications currently able to prevent the progression of AD. Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been proven to be effective for memory and cognitive dysfunction, yet its precise mechanism remains to be delineated. The present study was designed to investigate the genome-wide expression profile of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice after DSS treatment by RNA sequencing. A total of 285 differentially expressed LncRNAs and 137 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified (fold-change ≥2.0 and P < 0.05). Partial differentially expressed LncRNAs and mRNAs were selected to verify the RNA sequencing results by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A co-expression network was established to analyze co-expressed LncRNAs and genes. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to evaluate the biological functions related to the differentially co-expressed LncRNAs, and the results showed that the co-expressed LncRNAs were mainly involved in AD development from distinct origins, such as APP processing, neuron migration, and synaptic transmission. Our research describes the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles and functional networks involved in the therapeutic effect of DSS in APP/PS1 mice model. The results suggest that the therapeutic effect of DSS on AD involves the expression of LncRNAs. Our findings provide a new perspective for research on the treatment of complex diseases using traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Fuzhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Chunxiang He
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jingping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
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Unger MS, Li E, Scharnagl L, Poupardin R, Altendorfer B, Mrowetz H, Hutter-Paier B, Weiger TM, Heneka MT, Attems J, Aigner L. CD8 + T-cells infiltrate Alzheimer's disease brains and regulate neuronal- and synapse-related gene expression in APP-PS1 transgenic mice. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:67-86. [PMID: 32479993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major contributor to disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is characterized by the activity of brain resident glial cells, in particular microglia cells. However, there is increasing evidence that peripheral immune cells infiltrate the brain at certain stages of AD progression and shape disease pathology. We recently identified CD8+ T-cells in the brain parenchyma of APP-PS1 transgenic mice being tightly associated with microglia as well as with neuronal structures. The functional role of CD8+ T-cells in the AD brain is however completely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate increased numbers of intra-parenchymal CD8+ T-cells in human AD post-mortem hippocampus, which was replicated in APP-PS1 mice. Also, aged WT mice show a remarkable infiltration of CD8+ T-cells, which was more pronounced and had an earlier onset in APP-PS1 mice. To address their functional relevance in AD, we successfully ablated the pool of CD8+ T-cells in the blood, spleen and brain from 12 months-old APP-PS1 and WT mice for a total of 4 weeks using an anti-CD8 antibody treatment. While the treatment at this time of disease stage did neither affect the cognitive outcome nor plaque pathology, RNAseq analysis of the hippocampal transcriptome from APP-PS1 mice lacking CD8+ T-cells revealed highly altered neuronal- and synapse-related gene expression including an up-regulation for neuronal immediate early genes (IEGs) such as the Activity Regulated Cytoskeleton Associated Protein (Arc) and the Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 (Npas4). Gene ontology enrichment analysis illustrated that the biological processes "regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity" and the cellular components "postsynapses" were over-represented upon CD8+ T-cell ablation. Additionally, Kegg pathway analysis showed up-regulated pathways for "calcium signaling", "long-term potentiation", "glutamatergic synapse" and "axon guidance". Therefore, we conclude that CD8+ T-cells infiltrate the aged and AD brain and that brain CD8+ T-cells might directly contribute to neuronal dysfunction in modulating synaptic plasticity. Further analysis will be essential to uncover the exact mechanism of how CD8+ T-cells modulate the neuronal landscape and thereby contribute to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Unger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - E Li
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - L Scharnagl
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - R Poupardin
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - B Altendorfer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H Mrowetz
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - T M Weiger
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Attems
- Translational and Clinical Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.
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12
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Arbo B, Cechinel L, Palazzo R, Siqueira I. Endosomal dysfunction impacts extracellular vesicle release: Central role in Aβ pathology. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 58:101006. [PMID: 31891813 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by progressive loss of cognitive abilities; senile plaques represent the major histopathological findings. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing machinery, and its product amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, have been found in extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, which allows for Aβ peptide aggregation and subsequent senile plaques deposition. We review the APP processing imbalance in EVs, autophagic and endosomal pathways in AD. Increased intraluminal vesicle (ILV) production and exosome release appear to counteract the endosomal dysfunction of APP processing; however, this process results in elevated amyloidogenic processing of APP and augmented senile plaque deposition. Several players related to APP processing and dysfunctional endosomal-lysosomal-exosomal (and other EVs) pathway are described, and the interconnected systems are discussed. The components Arc, p75, Rab11 and retromer complex emerge as candidates for key convergent mechanisms that lead to increased EVs loaded with APP machinery and Aβ levels, in atrophy and damage of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in AD.
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13
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Su D, Li W, Chi H, Yang H, She X, Wang K, Gao X, Ma K, Zhang M, Cui B. Transcriptome analysis of the hippocampus in environmental noise-exposed SAMP8 mice reveals regulatory pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:3. [PMID: 31918655 PMCID: PMC6953163 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic noise exposure is one environmental hazard that is associated with genetic susceptibility factors that increase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the comprehensive understanding of the link between chronic noise stress and AD is limited. Herein, we investigated the effects of chronic noise exposure on AD-like changes in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8). Methods A total of 30 male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the noise-exposed group, the control group, and aging group (positive controls), and mice in the exposure group were exposed to 98 dB SPL white noise for 30 consecutive days. Transcriptome analysis and AD-like neuropathology of hippocampus were examined by RNA sequencing and immunoblotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR were used to further determine the differential gene expression and explore the underlying mechanisms of chronic noise exposure in relation to AD at the genome level. Results Chronic noise exposure led to amyloid beta accumulation and increased the hyperphosphorylation of tau at the Ser202 and Ser404 sites in young SAMP8 mice; similar observations were noted in aging SAMP8 mice. We identified 21 protein-coding transcripts that were differentially expressed: 6 were downregulated and 15 were upregulated after chronic noise exposure; 8 genes were related to AD. qPCR results indicated that the expression of Arc, Egr1, Egr2, Fos, Nauk1, and Per2 were significantly high in the noise exposure group. These outcomes mirrored the results of the RNA sequencing data. Conclusions These findings further revealed that chronic noise exposure exacerbated aging-like impairment in the hippocampus of the SAMP8 mice and that the protein-coding transcripts discovered in the study may be key candidate regulators involved in environment-gene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Su
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimin Chi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Honglian Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojun She
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiujie Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China.
| | - Bo Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Syeda T, Sanchez-Tapia M, Pinedo-Vargas L, Granados O, Cuervo-Zanatta D, Rojas-Santiago E, Díaz-Cintra SA, Torres N, Perez-Cruz C. Bioactive Food Abates Metabolic and Synaptic Alterations by Modulation of Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1657-1682. [PMID: 30475761 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have demonstrated an important role of gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GM modulates a host's health and disease by production of several substances, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), among others. Diet can modify the composition and diversity of GM, and ingestion of a healthy diet has been suggested to lower the risk to develop AD. We have previously shown that bioactive food (BF) ingestion can abate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and improve cognition in obese rats, effects associated with GM composition. Therefore, BF can impact the gut-brain axis and improved behavior. In this study, we aim to explore if inclusion of BF in the diet may impact central pathological markers of AD by modulation of the GM. Triple transgenic 3xTg-AD (TG) female mice were fed a combination of dried nopal, soy, chia oil, and turmeric for 7 months. We found that BF ingestion improved cognition and reduced Aβ aggregates and tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, BF decreased MDA levels, astrocyte and microglial activation, PSD-95, synaptophysin, GluR1 and ARC protein levels in TG mice. Furthermore, TG mice fed BF showed increased levels of pGSK-3β. GM analysis revealed that pro-inflammatory bacteria were more abundant in TG mice compared to wild-type, while BF ingestion was able to restore the GM's composition, LPS, and propionate levels to control values. Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of BF may be mediated, in part, by modulation of GM and the release of neurotoxic substances that alter brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- Departmento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. 2508, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sanchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Pinedo-Vargas
- Instituto Nacional de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla-Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Omar Granados
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cuervo-Zanatta
- Departmento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. 2508, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Sof A Díaz-Cintra
- Instituto Nacional de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla-Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Departmento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. 2508, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Ge X, Zhang Y, Zuo Y, Israr M, Li B, Yu P, Gao G, Chang YZ, Shi Z. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of Alzheimer-related neuropathology induced by sevoflurane in mice. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17555-17565. [PMID: 31134678 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetics could induce cognitive dysfunctions, such as Alzheimer's disease in humans or mice. However, the precise molecular mechanism is unclear. Sevoflurane is a common anesthetic widely used in clinical practice. Here, we demonstrated the induction of cognitive dysfunction induced by Sev in mice to corroborate the signaling pathway and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) followed by analyzing their functions. The cognitive function of mice was measured by the Morris water maze test. Transcriptomic data were annotated with Illumina HiSeq. 2000. Further, the changes in related proteins or genes were analyzed by western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that Sev could cause a decline in cognitive competence in mice. The transcriptomic data indicated that adding up to 566 genes were upregulated and 1073 genes were downregulated. The genes of Plin4, Lcn2, Lrg1, Foxf1, and Ctla2a were significantly upregulated, while the genes of Arc, Npas4, Egr2, Hes5, and Cdh9 were downregulated dramatically. The Gene Ontology term with the highest enrichment of DEGs are involved in the regulation of cellular and macromolecule metabolism and cation and nucleic acid binding, respectively. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway was one of the most important metabolic pathways. In addition, the metabolic pathways related to cognitive function, such as the nervous system and neurodegenerative disease showed significant changes. Furthermore, we found that p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase of the MAPK signaling pathway played important roles in this process. In conclusion, these results provide the first important clues for identifying the DEGs and signaling pathways in the hippocampus due to a Sev-induced cognitive deficiency in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ge
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Muhammad Israr
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Lesuis SL, Hoeijmakers L, Korosi A, de Rooij SR, Swaab DF, Kessels HW, Lucassen PJ, Krugers HJ. Vulnerability and resilience to Alzheimer's disease: early life conditions modulate neuropathology and determine cognitive reserve. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:95. [PMID: 30227888 PMCID: PMC6145191 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a high prevalence among the elderly and a huge personal and societal impact. Recent epidemiological studies have indicated that the incidence and age of onset of sporadic AD can be modified by lifestyle factors such as education, exercise, and (early) stress exposure. Early life adversity is known to promote cognitive decline at a later age and to accelerate aging, which are both primary risk factors for AD. In rodent models, exposure to 'negative' or 'positive' early life experiences was recently found to modulate various measures of AD neuropathology, such as amyloid-beta levels and cognition at later ages. Although there is emerging interest in understanding whether experiences during early postnatal life also modulate AD risk in humans, the mechanisms and possible substrates underlying these long-lasting effects remain elusive. METHODS We review literature and discuss the role of early life experiences in determining later age and AD-related processes from a brain and cognitive 'reserve' perspective. We focus on rodent studies and the identification of possible early determinants of later AD vulnerability or resilience in relation to early life adversity/enrichment. RESULTS Potential substrates and mediators of early life experiences that may influence the development of AD pathology and cognitive decline are: programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, priming of the neuroinflammatory response, dendritic and synaptic complexity and function, overall brain plasticity, and proteins such as early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), activity regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc), and repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST). CONCLUSIONS We conclude from these rodent studies that the early postnatal period is an important and sensitive phase that influences the vulnerability to develop AD pathology. Yet translational studies are required to investigate whether early life experiences also modify AD development in human studies, and whether similar molecular mediators can be identified in the sensitivity to develop AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie L. Lesuis
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Hoeijmakers
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne R. de Rooij
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bio informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick F. Swaab
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, KNAW, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut W. Kessels
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, KNAW, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cellular and Computational Neuroscience, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm J. Krugers
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fei HX, Zhang YB, Liu T, Zhang XJ, Wu SL. Neuroprotective effect of formononetin in ameliorating learning and memory impairment in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 82:57-64. [PMID: 29191087 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1399788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among elderly population. Deranged β-amyloid (Aβ) trafficking across the blood-brain barrier is known to be a critical element in the pathogenesis of AD. In the vascular endothelial cells of hippocampus, Aβ transport is mainly mediated by low-density lipoprotein-associated protein 1 (LRP1) and the receptor for advanced glycation end (RAGE) products; therefore, LRP1 and RAGE endothelial cells are potential therapeutic targets for AD. In this study, we explored the effects of Formononetin (FMN) on learning and memory improvement in APP/PS1 mice and the related mechanisms. We found that FMN significantly improved learning and memory ability by suppressing Aβ production from APP processing, RAGE-dependent inflammatory signaling and promoted LRP1-dependent cerebral Aβ clearance pathway. Moreover, FMN treatment alleviated ultrastructural changes in hippocampal vascular endothelial cells. In conclusion, we believe that FMN may be an efficacious and promising treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xin Fei
- a Department of Basic Pathology , Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China
| | - Ying-Bo Zhang
- b Pathology College , Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China
| | - Ting Liu
- b Pathology College , Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- b Pathology College , Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , China
| | - Shu-Liang Wu
- c Department of Anatomy , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
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18
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A selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 3 prevents cognitive deficits and suppresses striatal CAG repeat expansions in Huntington's disease mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6082. [PMID: 28729730 PMCID: PMC5519595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose major symptoms include progressive motor and cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive decline is a critical quality of life concern for HD patients and families. The enzyme histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) appears to be important in HD pathology by negatively regulating genes involved in cognitive functions. Furthermore, HDAC3 has been implicated in the aberrant transcriptional patterns that help cause disease symptoms in HD mice. HDAC3 also helps fuel CAG repeat expansions in human cells, suggesting that HDAC3 may power striatal expansions in the HTT gene thought to drive disease progression. This multifaceted role suggests that early HDAC3 inhibition offers an attractive mechanism to prevent HD cognitive decline and to suppress striatal expansions. This hypothesis was investigated by treating HdhQ111 knock-in mice with the HDAC3-selective inhibitor RGFP966. Chronic early treatment prevented long-term memory impairments and normalized specific memory-related gene expression in hippocampus. Additionally, RGFP966 prevented corticostriatal-dependent motor learning deficits, significantly suppressed striatal CAG repeat expansions, partially rescued striatal protein marker expression and reduced accumulation of mutant huntingtin oligomeric forms. These novel results highlight RGFP966 as an appealing multiple-benefit therapy in HD that concurrently prevents cognitive decline and suppresses striatal CAG repeat expansions.
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Morin JP, Díaz-Cintra S, Bermúdez-Rattoni F, Delint-Ramírez I. Decreased levels of NMDA but not AMPA receptors in the lipid-raft fraction of 3xTg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease: Relation to Arc/Arg3.1 protein expression. Neurochem Int 2016; 100:159-163. [PMID: 27650435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It was recently suggested that alteration in lipid raft composition in Alzheimer's disease may lead to perturbations in neurons signalosome, which may help explain the deficits observed in synaptic plasticity mechanisms and long-term memory impairments in AD models. As a first effort to address this issue, we evaluated lipid-raft contents of distinct NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits in the hippocampus of the 3xTg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease. Our results show that compared to controls, 10 months-old 3xTg-AD mice have diminished levels of NMDA receptors in rafts but not in post-synaptic density or total fractions. Additionally, the levels of GluR1 were unaltered in all the analyzed fractions. Finally, we went on to show that the diminished levels of NMDA receptors in rafts correlated with diminished global levels of Arc/Arg3.1, a synaptic protein with a central role in long-term memory formation. This study adds to our current understanding of the signaling pathways disruptions observed in current Alzheimer's disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Morin
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Mexico
| | - Sofía Díaz-Cintra
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico
| | - Ilse Delint-Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxocología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico.
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