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De Marco M, Wright LM, Valera Bermejo JM, Ferguson CE. APOE ε4 positivity predicts centrality of episodic memory nodes in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A cohort-based, graph theory-informed study of cognitive networks. Neuropsychologia 2024; 192:108741. [PMID: 38040087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
As network neuroscience can capture the systemic impact of APOE variability at a neuroimaging level, this study investigated the network-based cognitive endophenotypes of ε4-carriers and non-carriers across the continuum between normal ageing and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). We hypothesised that the impact of APOE-ε4 on cognitive functioning can be reliably captured by the measurement of graph-theory centrality. Cognitive networks were calculated in 8118 controls, 3482 MCI patients and 4573 AD patients, recruited in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) database. Nodal centrality was selected as the neurofunctional readout of interest. ε4-carrier-vs.-non-carrier differences were tested in two independent NACC sub-cohorts assessed with either Version 1 or Version 2 of the Uniform Data Set neuropsychological battery. A significant APOE-dependent effect emerged from the analysis of the Logical-Memory nodes in MCI patients in both sub-cohorts. While non-carriers showed equal centrality in immediate and delayed recall, the latter was significantly less central among carriers (v1: bootstrapped confidence interval 0.107-0.667, p < 0.001; v2: bootstrapped confidence interval 0.018-0.432, p < 0.001). This indicates that, in carriers, delayed recall was, overall, significantly more weakly correlated with the other cognitive scores. These findings were replicated in the sub-groups of sole amnestic-MCI patients (n = 2971), were independent of differences in network communities, clinical severity or other demographic factors. No effects were found in the other two diagnostic groups. APOE-ε4 influences nodal properties of cognitive networks when patients are clinically classified as MCI. This highlights the importance of characterising the impact of risk factors on the wider cognitive network via network-neuroscience methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo De Marco
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura M Wright
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Manuel Valera Bermejo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; Department of Neuroimaging; King's College London; London, United Kingdom.
| | - Cameron E Ferguson
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Li Z, Lin H, Zhang Q, Shi R, Xu H, Yang F, Jiang X, Wang L, Han Y, Jiang J. Individual Proportion Loss of Functional Connectivity Strength: A Novel Individual Functional Connectivity Biomarker for Subjective Cognitive Decline Populations. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:564. [PMID: 37106764 PMCID: PMC10135935 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
High individual variation in the subjective cognitive decline (SCD) population makes functional connectivity (FC) biomarkers unstable. This study proposed a novel individual FC index, named individual proportion loss of functional connectivity strength (IPLFCS), and explored potential biomarkers for SCD using this new index. We proposed an IPLFCS analysis framework and compared it with traditional FC in Chinese and Western cohorts. Post hoc tests were used to determine biomarkers. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between neuropsychological scores or cortical amyloid deposits and IPLFCS biomarkers. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to evaluate the ability of potential biomarkers to distinguish between groups. IPLFCS of the left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) was identified as a potential biomarker. The IPLFC was correlated with the traditional FC (r = 0.956, p < 0.001; r = 0.946, p < 0.001) and cortical amyloid deposition (r = -0.245, p = 0.029; r = -0.185, p = 0.048) in both cohorts. Furthermore, the IPLFCS decreased across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. Its diagnostic efficiency was superior to that of existing fMRI biomarkers. These findings suggest that IPLFCS of the LMTG could be a potential biomarker of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Li
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Rong Shi
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huanyu Xu
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xueyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiehui Jiang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Fernandez-Alvarez M, Atienza M, Cantero JL. Cortical amyloid-beta burden is associated with changes in intracortical myelin in cognitively normal older adults. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:115. [PMID: 37024484 PMCID: PMC10079650 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates and myelin breakdown are among the earliest detrimental effects of Alzheimer's disease (AD), likely inducing abnormal patterns of neuronal communication within cortical networks. However, human in vivo evidence linking Aβ burden, intracortical myelin, and cortical synchronization is lacking in cognitively normal older individuals. Here, we addressed this question combining 18F-Florbetaben-PET imaging, cortical T1-weigthed/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) ratio maps, and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Results showed that global Aβ burden was both positively and negatively associated with the T1w/T2w ratio in different cortical territories. Affected cortical regions were further associated with abnormal patterns of rs-FC and with subclinical cognitive deficits. Finally, causal mediation analysis revealed that the negative impact of T1w/T2w ratio in left posterior cingulate cortex on processing speed was driven by Aβ burden. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the relationship between initial Aβ plaques and intracortical myelin before the onset of cognitive decline, which may contribute to monitor the efficacy of novel disease-modifying strategies in normal elderly individuals at risk for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fernandez-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain.
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Fernandez-Alvarez M, Atienza M, Cantero JL. Effects of non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease on intracortical myelin content. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:202. [PMID: 36587227 PMCID: PMC9805254 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have lifelong effects on cortical integrity that could be mitigated if identified at early stages. However, it remains unknown whether cortical microstructure is affected in older individuals with non-modifiable AD risk factors and whether altered cortical tissue integrity produces abnormalities in brain functional networks in this AD-risk population. METHODS Using relative T1w/T2w (rT1w/T2w) ratio maps, we have compared tissue integrity of normal-appearing cortical GM between controls and cognitively normal older adults with either APOE4 (N = 50), with a first-degree family history (FH) of AD (N = 52), or with the co-occurrence of both AD risk factors (APOE4+FH) (N = 35). Additionally, individuals with only one risk factor (APOE4 or FH) were combined into one group (N = 102) and compared with controls. The same number of controls matched in age, sex, and years of education was employed for each of these comparisons. Group differences in resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) patterns were also investigated, using as FC seeds those cortical regions showing significant changes in rT1w/T2w ratios. RESULTS Overall, individuals with non-modifiable AD risk factors exhibited significant variations in rT1w/T2w ratios compared to controls, being APOE4 and APOE4+FH at opposite ends of a continuum. The co-occurrence of APOE4 and FH was further accompanied by altered patterns of rs-FC. CONCLUSIONS These findings may have practical implications for early detection of cortical abnormalities in older populations with APOE4 and/or FH of AD and open new avenues to monitor changes in cortical tissue integrity associated with non-modifiable AD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fernandez-Alvarez
- grid.15449.3d0000 0001 2200 2355Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- grid.15449.3d0000 0001 2200 2355Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Cantero
- grid.15449.3d0000 0001 2200 2355Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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Yuan Q, Liang X, Xue C, Qi W, Chen S, Song Y, Wu H, Zhang X, Xiao C, Chen J. Altered anterior cingulate cortex subregional connectivity associated with cognitions for distinguishing the spectrum of pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1035746. [PMID: 36570538 PMCID: PMC9768430 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1035746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are considered part of the early progression continuum of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a hub of information processing and regulation in the brain, plays an essential role in AD pathophysiology. In the present study, we aimed to systematically identify changes in the functional connectivity (FC) of ACC subregions in patients with SCD and aMCI and evaluate the association of these changes with cognition. Materials and methods Functional connectivity (FC) analysis of ACC sub-regions was performed among 66 patients with SCD, 71 patients with aMCI, and 78 healthy controls (HCs). Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between FC of altered ACC subnetworks and cognition. Results Compared to HCs, SCD patients showed increased FC of the bilateral precuneus (PCUN) and caudal ACC, left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and subgenual ACC, left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and dorsal ACC, left middle occipital gyrus (MOG) and dorsal ACC, and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and subgenual ACC, while aMCI patients showed increased FC of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsal ACC and left medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and subgenual ACC. Compared to patients with SCD, patients with aMCI showed increased FC of the right MFG and dorsal ACC and left ACC and subgenual ACC, while the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) showed decreased FC with the caudal ACC. Moreover, some FC values among the altered ACC subnetworks were significantly correlated with episodic memory and executive function. Conclusion SCD and aMCI, part of the spectrum of pre-clinical AD, share some convergent and divergent altered intrinsic connectivity of ACC subregions. These results may serve as neuroimaging biomarkers of the preclinical phase of AD and provide new insights into the design of preclinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhong Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhang Qi
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xulian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Chaoyong Xiao,
| | - Jiu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Jiu Chen,
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Liu X, Zeng Q, Luo X, Li K, Xu X, Hong L, Li J, Guan X, Xu X, Huang P, Zhang M. Effects of APOE ε2 allele on basal forebrain functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:597-608. [PMID: 36468416 PMCID: PMC9873529 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) dysfunction is associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 is a protective genetic factor in AD and MCI, and cholinergic sprouting depends on APOE. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of the APOE ε2 allele on BFCS functional connectivity (FC) in cognitively normal (CN) subjects and MCI patients. METHOD We included 60 MCI patients with APOE ε3/ε3, 18 MCI patients with APOE ε2/ε3, 73 CN subjects with APOE ε3/ε3, and 36 CN subjects with APOE ε2/ε3 genotypes who had resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We used BFCS subregions (Ch1-3 and Ch4) as seeds and calculated the FC with other brain areas. Using a mixed-effect analysis, we explored the interaction effects of APOE ε2 allele × cognitive status on BFCS-FC. Furthermore, we examined the relationships between imaging metrics, cognitive abilities, and AD pathology markers, controlling for sex, age, and education as covariates. RESULTS An interaction effect on functional connectivity was found between the right Ch4 (RCh4) and left insula (p < 0.05, corrected), and between the RCh4 and left Rolandic operculum (p < 0.05, corrected). Among all subjects and APOE ε2 carriers, RCh4-left Insula FC was associated with early tau deposition. Furthermore, no correlation was found between imaging metrics and amyloid burden. Among all subjects and APOE ε2 carriers, FC metrics were associated with cognitive performance. CONCLUSION The APOE ε2 genotype may play a protective role during BFCS degeneration in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocao Liu
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaopei Xu
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Luwei Hong
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jixuan Li
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojun Guan
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Min‐Ming Zhang
- Department of RadiologyThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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Long J, Qin K, Wu Y, Li L, Zhou J. Gray matter abnormalities and associated familial risk endophenotype in individuals with first-episode bipolar disorder: Evidence from whole-brain voxel-wise meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 74:103179. [PMID: 35691059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gray matter abnormalities have been widely reported in individuals with and at familial risk for bipolar disorder (BD). However, inconsistent findings were reported, and whether shared abnormalities exist between at-risk individuals and patients which can represent an endophenotype remained unclear. This meta-analysis aimed at identifying robust patterns of gray matter changes in patients with first-episode BD (FEBD) and associated risk endophenotype of BD. A systematic literature search was performed to identify eligible voxel-based morphometry studies comparing FEBD patients and healthy controls. Findings of included studies were integrated using the Seed-based d Mapping toolbox. Common and distinct patterns of gray matter abnormalities between FEBD patients and unaffected at-risk individuals were explored. A total of 16 VBM studies comparing 411 FEBD patients and 521 controls were included. FEBD patients showed increased gray matter volume in the cerebellum, posterior cingulate cortex and striatum, and decreased gray matter volume in the medial superior frontal gyrus and gyrus rectus. No common abnormalities were identified between FEBD patients and unaffected at-risk individuals. More gray matter loss in the medial superior frontal gyrus and insula were found in FEBD patients relative to unaffected at-risk individuals. These findings revealed robust gray matter abnormalities in the cortico-striato-cerebellar and default mode network regions in FEBD, and implicated that gray matter deficits may not represent a familial risk endophenotype of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Long
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei, China; Department of Radiology, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45219, OH, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Depression, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China.
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China.
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Kim H, Devanand DP, Carlson S, Goldberg TE. Apolipoprotein E Genotype e2: Neuroprotection and Its Limits. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919712. [PMID: 35912085 PMCID: PMC9329577 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively, qualitatively, and critically synthesized several features of APOE-e2, a known APOE protective variant, including its associations with longevity, cognition, and neuroimaging, and neuropathology, all in humans. If e2’s protective effects—and their limits—could be elucidated, it could offer therapeutic windows for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevention or amelioration. Literature examining e2 within the years 1994–2021 were considered for this review. Studies on human subjects were selectively reviewed and were excluded if observation of e2 was not specified. Effects of e2 were compared with e3 and e4, separately and as a combined non-e2 group. Our examination of existing literature indicated that the most robust protective role of e2 is in longevity and AD neuropathologies, but e2’s effect on cognition and other AD imaging markers (brain structure, function, and metabolism) were inconsistent, thus inconclusive. Notably, e2 was associated with greater risk of non-AD proteinopathies and a disadvantageous cerebrovascular profile. We identified multiple methodological shortcomings of the literature on brain function and cognition that could have contributed to inconsistent and potentially misleading findings. We make careful interpretations of existing findings and provide directions for research strategies that could effectively examine the independent and unbiased effect of e2 on AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Davangere P. Devanand
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott Carlson
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Terry E. Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Terry E. Goldberg,
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Blujus JK, Korthauer LE, Awe E, Frahmand M, Driscoll I. BDNF and KIBRA Polymorphisms Are Related to Altered Resting State Network Connectivity in Middle Age. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:323-334. [PMID: 35599479 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be more successful if interventions occur early, prior to significant neurodegeneration and subsequent to the onset of clinical symptoms, potentially during middle age. Polymorphisms within BDNF, COMT, and KIBRA have been implicated in AD and relate to episodic memory and executive functioning, two domains that decline early in AD. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to use an endophenotype approach to examine in healthy, non-demented middle-aged adults the association between polymorphisms in BDNF, COMT, and KIBRA and functional connectivity within networks related to episodic memory and executive function (i.e., default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and frontoparietal network (FPN)). METHODS Resting state networks were identified using independent component analysis and spatial maps with associated time courses were extracted using a dual regression approach. RESULTS Functional connectivity within the DMN was associated with polymorphisms in BDNF (rs11030096, rs1491850) and KIBRA (rs1030182, rs6555791, rs6555802) (ps < 0.05), ECN connectivity was associated with polymorphisms in KIBRA (rs10475878, rs6555791) (ps < 0.05), and FPN connectivity was associated with KIBRA rs6555791 (p < 0.05). There were no COMT-related differences in functional connectivity of any of the three networks investigated (ps > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that in middle age, polymorphisms in BDNF and KIBRA are associated with altered functional connectivity in networks that are affected early in AD. Future preclinical work should consider these polymorphisms to further elucidate their role in pathological aging and to aid in the identification of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Elizabeth Korthauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Awe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marijam Frahmand
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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10
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A ketogenic intervention improves dorsal attention network functional and structural connectivity in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 115:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhu Y, Gong L, He C, Wang Q, Ren Q, Xie C. Default Mode Network Connectivity Moderates the Relationship Between the APOE Genotype and Cognition and Individualizes Identification Across the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:843-860. [PMID: 31282419 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have investigated the effects of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 genotype on the default mode network (DMN) in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum, it is still unclear how the APOE genotype regulates the DMN and subsequently affects cognitive decline in the AD spectrum. One hundred sixty-nine subjects with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and neuropsychological test scores were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The main effects and interaction of the APOE genotype and disease status on the DMN were explored. A moderation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship among the APOE genotype, DMN connectivity, and cognition. Additionally, the pair-wised DMN connectivity was used to classify AD spectrum, and the classification accuracy was validated. Compared to APOEɛ4 non-carriers, APOEɛ4 carriers showed the opposite trajectory of DMN connectivity across the AD spectrum. Specifically, the strengths in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) connecting with the right precuneus, insular, and fusiform area (FFA) were positively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in APOEɛ4 non-carriers but not in APOEɛ4 carriers. Furthermore, PCC-right FFA connectivity could moderate the effects of the APOE genotype on MMSE scores across the disease groups. More importantly, using a receiver operating characteristic analysis, these altered connectivities yielded strong classification powers in a pathological stage-dependent manner in the AD spectrum. These findings first identified the intrinsic DMN connectivity moderating the effect of the APOE genotype on cognition and provided a pathological stage-dependent neuroimaging biomarker for early differentiation of the AD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cancan He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingguo Ren
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Kuang L, Jia J, Zhao D, Xiong F, Han X, Wang Y. Default Mode Network Analysis of APOE Genotype in Cognitively Unimpaired Subjects Based on Persistent Homology. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:188. [PMID: 32733231 PMCID: PMC7358981 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current researches on default mode network (DMN) in normal elderly have mainly focused on finding some dysfunctional areas with decreased or increased connectivity. The global network dynamics of apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele group is rarely studied. In our previous brain network study, we have demonstrated the advantage of persistent homology. It can distinguish robust and noisy topological features over multiscale nested networks, and the derived properties are more stable. In this study, for the first time we applied persistent homology to analyze APOE-related effects on whole-brain functional network. In our experiments, the risk allele group exhibited lower network radius and modularity in whole brain DMN based on graph theory, suggesting the abnormal organization structure. Moreover, two suggested measures from persistent homology detected significant differences between groups within the left hemisphere and in the whole brain in two datasets. They were more statistically sensitive to APOE genotypic differences than standard graph-based measures. In summary, we provide evidence that the e4 genotype leads to distinct DMN functional alterations in the early phases of Alzheimer's disease using persistent homology approach. Our study offers a novel insight to explore potential biomarkers in healthy elderly populations carrying APOE e4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Kuang
- School of Data Science and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaying Jia
- School of Data Science and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- School of Data Science and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fengguang Xiong
- School of Data Science and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xie Han
- School of Data Science and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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13
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Xue C, Yuan B, Yue Y, Xu J, Wang S, Wu M, Ji N, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Rao J, Yang W, Xiao C, Chen J. Distinct Disruptive Patterns of Default Mode Subnetwork Connectivity Across the Spectrum of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:307. [PMID: 31798440 PMCID: PMC6863958 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The early progression continuum of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been considered to advance through subjective cognitive decline (SCD), non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI), and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Altered functional connectivity (FC) in the default mode network (DMN) is regarded as a hallmark of AD. Furthermore, the DMN can be divided into two subnetworks, the anterior and posterior subnetworks. However, little is known about distinct disruptive patterns in the subsystems of the DMN across the preclinical AD spectrum. This study investigated the connectivity patterns of anterior DMN (aDMN) and posterior DMN (pDMN) across the preclinical AD spectrum. Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to investigate the FC in the DMN subnetworks in 20 healthy controls (HC), eight SCD, 11 naMCI, and 28 aMCI patients. Moreover, a correlation analysis was used to examine associations between the altered connectivity of the DMN subnetworks and the neurocognitive performance. Results: Compared to the HC, SCD patients showed increased FC in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG), naMCI patients showed increased FC in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and aMCI patients showed increased FC in the bilateral IPL in the aDMN; while SCD patients showed decreased FC in the precuneus, naMCI patients showed increased FC in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and aMCI patients also showed increased FC in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in the pDMN. Notably, the FC between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the left MFG and the IPL in the aDMN was associated with episodic memory in the SCD and aMCI groups. Interestingly, the FC between the posterior cingulated cortex (PCC) and several regions in the pDMN was associated with other cognitive functions in the SCD and naMCI groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the three preclinical stages of AD exhibit distinct FC alternations in the DMN subnetworks. Furthermore, the patient group data showed that the altered FC involves cognitive function. These findings can provide novel insights for tailored clinical intervention across the preclinical AD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoyu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiani Xu
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wu
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nanxi Ji
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzhi Zhou
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Averill LA, Abdallah CG, Levey DF, Han S, Harpaz-Rotem I, Kranzler HR, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Gelernter J, Pietrzak RH. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism, posttraumatic stress disorder, and cognitive function in older U.S. veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:834-845. [PMID: 31385647 DOI: 10.1002/da.22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to cognitive dysfunction and dementia risk, it is unknown whether they interact to predict cognitive dysfunction. METHODS We analyzed data from European-American (EA) veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS): main sample (n = 1,386) and primary replication sample (n = 509). EAs from the Yale-Penn Study cohort (n = 948) served as a second replication sample. Multivariable analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive effects of ε4 carrier status and PTSD on cognitive functioning, with a focus on whether PTSD moderates the effect of ε4 carrier status. RESULTS APOE ε4 allele carrier status (d = 0.15 and 0.17 in the main and primary replication NHRVS samples, respectively) and PTSD (d = 0.31 and 0.17, respectively) were independently associated with lower cognitive functioning. ε4 carriers with PTSD scored lower than those without PTSD (d = 0.68 and 1.29, respectively) with the most pronounced differences in executive function (d's = 0.75-1.50) and attention/concentration (d's = 0.62-1.33). A significant interaction was also observed in the Yale-Penn sample, with ε4 carriers with PTSD making more perseverative errors on a measure of executive function than those without PTSD (24.7% vs. 17.6%; d = 0.59). CONCLUSIONS APOE ε4 allele carriers with PTSD have substantially greater cognitive difficulties than ε4 carriers without PTSD. These results underscore the importance of assessing, monitoring, and treating PTSD in trauma-affected individuals who are at genetic risk for cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette A Averill
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel F Levey
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shizhong Han
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Veterans Integrated Service Network 4 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven M Southwick
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John H Krystal
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joel Gelernter
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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15
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The Contribution of Genetic Factors to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Apolipoprotein E Gene, Gene Interactions, and Polygenic Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051177. [PMID: 30866553 PMCID: PMC6429136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Although it has been studied for years, the pathogenesis of AD is still controversial. Genetic factors may play an important role in pathogenesis, with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene among the greatest risk factors for AD. In this review, we focus on the influence of genetic factors, including the APOE gene, the interaction between APOE and other genes, and the polygenic risk factors for cognitive function and dementia. The presence of the APOE ε4 allele is associated with increased AD risk and reduced age of AD onset. Accelerated cognitive decline and abnormal internal environment, structure, and function of the brain were also found in ε4 carriers. The effect of the APOE promoter on cognition and the brain was confirmed by some studies, but further investigation is still needed. We also describe the effects of the associations between APOE and other genetic risk factors on cognition and the brain that exhibit a complex gene⁻gene interaction, and we consider the importance of using a polygenic risk score to investigate the association between genetic variance and phenotype.
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16
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Risk factors associated with cognitions for late-onset depression based on anterior and posterior default mode sub-networks. J Affect Disord 2018; 235:544-550. [PMID: 29689507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal functional connectivity (FC) in the default mode network (DMN) plays an important role in late-onset depression (LOD) patients. In this study, the risk predictors of LOD based on anterior and posterior DMN are explored. METHODS A total of 27 LOD patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessments. Firstly, FCs within DMN sub-networks were determined by placing seeds in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Secondly, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for LOD patients. Finally, correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between risk factors and the cognitive value. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression showed that the FCs between the vmPFC and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) (vmPFC-MTG_R), FCs between the vmPFC and left precuneus (PCu), and FCs between the PCC and left PCu (PCC-PCu_L) were the risk factors for LOD. Furthermore, FCs of the vmPFC-MTG_R and PCC-PCu_L correlated with processing speed (R = 0.35, P = 0.002; R = 0.32, P = 0.009), and FCs of the vmPFC-MTG_R correlated with semantic memory (R = 0.41, P = 0.001). LIMITATIONS The study was a cross-sectional study. The results may be potentially biased because of a small sample. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirmed that LOD patients mainly present cognitive deficits in processing speed and semantic memory. Moreover, our findings further suggested that FCs within DMN sub-networks associated with cognitions were risk factors, which may be used for the prediction of LOD.
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17
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Luo X, Li K, Jia YL, Zeng Q, Jiaerken Y, Qiu T, Huang P, Xu X, Shen Z, Guan X, Zhou J, Wang C, Xu JJ, Zhang M. Altered effective connectivity anchored in the posterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex in cognitively intact elderly APOE ε4 carriers: a preliminary study. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:270-282. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Wang C, Pan Y, Liu Y, Xu K, Hao L, Huang F, Ke J, Sheng L, Ma H, Guo W. Aberrant default mode network in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of independent component analysis studies. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:919-931. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Kisler K, Nelson AR, Montagne A, Zlokovic BV. Cerebral blood flow regulation and neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:419-434. [PMID: 28515434 PMCID: PMC5759779 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation is essential for normal brain function. The mammalian brain has evolved a unique mechanism for CBF control known as neurovascular coupling. This mechanism ensures a rapid increase in the rate of CBF and oxygen delivery to activated brain structures. The neurovascular unit is composed of astrocytes, mural vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes, and endothelia, and regulates neurovascular coupling. This Review article examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the neurovascular unit that contribute to CBF control, and neurovascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Kisler
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Axel Montagne
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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