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Bagheri S, Saboury AA, Saso L. Sequence of Molecular Events in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease: Cascade Interactions from Beta-Amyloid to Other Involved Proteins. Cells 2024; 13:1293. [PMID: 39120323 PMCID: PMC11312137 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the primary neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly population. Despite the first description of its pathology over a century ago, its precise cause and molecular mechanism remain unknown. Numerous factors, including beta-amyloid, tau protein, the APOEε4 gene, and different metals, have been extensively investigated in relation to this disease. However, none of them have been proven to have a decisive causal relationship. Furthermore, no single theory has successfully integrated these puzzle pieces thus far. In this review article, we propose the most probable molecular mechanism for AD, which clearly shows the relationship between the main aspects of the disease, and addresses fundamental questions such as: Why is aging the major risk factor for the disease? Are amyloid plaques and tau tangles the causes or consequences of AD? Why are the distributions of senile plaques and tau tangles in the brain different and independent of each other? Why is the APOEε4 gene a risk factor for AD? Finally, why is the disease more prevalent in women?
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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2
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Tsering W, Prokop S. Neuritic Plaques - Gateways to Understanding Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2808-2821. [PMID: 37940777 PMCID: PMC11043180 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the form of plaques are one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the years, many different Aβ plaque morphologies such as neuritic plaques, dense cored plaques, cotton wool plaques, coarse-grain plaques, and diffuse plaques have been described in AD postmortem brain tissues, but correlation of a given plaque type with AD progression or AD symptoms is not clear. Furthermore, the exact trigger causing the development of one Aβ plaque morphological subtype over the other is still unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge about neuritic plaques, a subset of Aβ plaques surrounded by swollen or dystrophic neurites, which represent the most detrimental and consequential Aβ plaque morphology. Neuritic plaques have been associated with local immune activation, neuronal network dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Given that neuritic plaques are at the interface of Aβ deposition, tau aggregation, and local immune activation, we argue that understanding the exact mechanism of neuritic plaque formation is crucial to develop targeted therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangchen Tsering
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
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3
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de Vries LE, Huitinga I, Kessels HW, Swaab DF, Verhaagen J. The concept of resilience to Alzheimer's Disease: current definitions and cellular and molecular mechanisms. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:33. [PMID: 38589893 PMCID: PMC11003087 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Some individuals are able to maintain their cognitive abilities despite the presence of significant Alzheimer's Disease (AD) neuropathological changes. This discrepancy between cognition and pathology has been labeled as resilience and has evolved into a widely debated concept. External factors such as cognitive stimulation are associated with resilience to AD, but the exact cellular and molecular underpinnings are not completely understood. In this review, we discuss the current definitions used in the field, highlight the translational approaches used to investigate resilience to AD and summarize the underlying cellular and molecular substrates of resilience that have been derived from human and animal studies, which have received more and more attention in the last few years. From these studies the picture emerges that resilient individuals are different from AD patients in terms of specific pathological species and their cellular reaction to AD pathology, which possibly helps to maintain cognition up to a certain tipping point. Studying these rare resilient individuals can be of great importance as it could pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk E de Vries
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut W Kessels
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Zhang Y, Miao D, Liu S, Hao X. Revealing the binding mechanism of BACE1 inhibitors through molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38375603 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2319676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, and the Beta-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a key therapeutic target in its treatment. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations and binding energy analysis to investigate the binding interactions between BACE1 and four selected small molecules: CNP520, D9W, NB641, and NB360. The binding model analysis indicates that the binding of BACE1 with four molecules are stable, except the loop regions show significant fluctuation. The binding free energy analyses reveal that NB360 exhibits the highest binding affinity with BACE1, surpassing other molecules (CNP520, D9W, and NB641). Detailed energy component assessments highlight the critical roles of electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces in the binding process. Furthermore, residue contribution analysis identifies key amino acids influencing the binding process across all systems. Hydrogen bond analysis reveals a limited number of bonds between BACE1 and each small molecule, highlighting the importance of structural modifications to enable more stable hydrogen bonds. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutics, guiding the way for improved drug design and the development of effective treatments targeting BACE1.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Dongqiang Miao
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Senchen Liu
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Xiafei Hao
- Medical College, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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5
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Nuñez-Diaz C, Andersson E, Schultz N, Pocevičiūtė D, Hansson O, Nilsson KPR, Wennström M. The fluorescent ligand bTVBT2 reveals increased p-tau uptake by retinal microglia in Alzheimer's disease patients and App NL-F/NL-F mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:4. [PMID: 38167557 PMCID: PMC10763304 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) accumulation have been identified in the retina of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and transgenic AD mice. Previous studies have shown that retinal microglia engulf Aβ, but this property decreases in AD patients. Whether retinal microglia also take up p-tau and if this event is affected in AD is yet not described. In the current study, we use the p-tau-specific thiophene-based ligand bTVBT2 to investigate the relationship between disease progression and p-tau uptake by microglia in the retina of AD patients and AppNL-F/NL-F knock-in mice, an AD mouse model known to demonstrate extracellular Aβ plaques and dystrophic neurites in the brain from 6 months of age. METHODS Evaluation of bTVBT2 specificity and its presence within microglia was assessed by immunofluorescent staining of hippocampal sections and flat-mount retina samples from non-demented controls, AD patients, 3-, 9-, and 12-month-old AppNL-F/NL-F knock-in mice and 12- and 18-month-old wild type (WT) mice. We used ImageJ to analyze the amount of bTVBT2 inside Iba1-positive microglia. Co-localization between the ligand and p-tau variant Ser396/Ser404 (PHF-1), Aβ, phosphorylated TAR DNA binding protein 43 (pTDP-43), and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the brain and retina was analyzed using confocal imaging. RESULTS Confocal imaging analysis showed that bTVBT2 binds to PHF-1- and AT8-positive aggregates inside retinal microglia, and not to Aβ, pTDP-43, or IAPP. The density of bTVBT2-positive microglia was higher in cases with a high Aβ load compared to those with a low Aβ load. This density correlated with the neurofibrillary tangle load in the brain, but not with retinal levels of high molecular weight (aggregated) Aβ40 or Aβ42. Analysis of AppNL-F/NL-F knock-in mouse retina further showed that 50% of microglia in 3-month-old AppNL-F/NL-F knock-in mice contained bTVBT2. The percentage significantly increased in 9- and 12-month-old mice. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the microglial capability to uptake p-tau in the retina persists and intensifies with AD progression. These results also highlight bTVBT2 as a ligand of interest in future monitoring of retinal AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nuñez-Diaz
- Cognitive Disorder Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emelie Andersson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nina Schultz
- Cognitive Disorder Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dovilė Pocevičiūtė
- Cognitive Disorder Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology IFM, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Wennström
- Cognitive Disorder Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Satake Y, Kanemoto H, Taomoto D, Suehiro T, Koizumi F, Sato S, Wada T, Matsunaga K, Shimosegawa E, Gotoh S, Mori K, Morihara T, Yoshiyama K, Ikeda M. Characteristics of very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis classified with the biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Int Psychogeriatr 2024; 36:64-77. [PMID: 36714996 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610222001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association between very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP), a schizophrenia spectrum disorder with an onset of ≥60 years, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) using biomarkers. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Neuropsychology clinic of Osaka University Hospital in Japan. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-three participants were classified into three groups: eight AD biomarker-negative VLOSLP (VLOSLP-AD), nine AD biomarker-positive VLOSLP (VLOSLP+AD), and sixteen amnestic mild cognitive impairment due to AD without psychosis (aMCI-P+AD) participants. MEASUREMENTS Phosphorylated tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and 18F-Florbetapir positron emission tomography results were used as AD biomarkers. Several scales (e.g. the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) Logical Memory (LM) I and II, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)-plus) were conducted to assess clinical characteristics. RESULTS Those in both VLOSLP-AD and +AD groups scored higher than those in aMCI-P+AD in WMS-R LM I. On the other hand, VLOSLP+AD participants scored in between the other two groups in the WMS-R LM II, with only VLOSLP-AD participants scoring significantly higher than aMCI-P+AD participants. There were no significant differences in sex distribution and MMSE scores among the three groups or in the subtype of psychotic symptoms between VLOSLP-AD and +AD participants. Four VLOSLP-AD and five VLOSLP+AD participants harbored partition delusions. Delusion of theft was shown in two VLOSLP-AD patients and five VLOSLP+AD patients. CONCLUSION Some VLOSLP patients had AD pathology. Clinical characteristics were different between AD biomarker-positive and AD biomarker-negative VLOSLP, which may be helpful for detecting AD pathology in VLOSLP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Satake
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Daiki Taomoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Suehiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Koizumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tamiki Wada
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsunaga
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shiho Gotoh
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kohji Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Morihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Tsering W, Hery GP, Phillips JL, Lolo K, Bathe T, Villareal JA, Ruan IY, Prokop S. Transformation of non-neuritic into neuritic plaques during AD progression drives cortical spread of tau pathology via regenerative failure. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:190. [PMID: 38037144 PMCID: PMC10691154 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular aggregates of tau protein in form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The exact mechanism how these two protein aggregates interact in AD is still a matter of debate. Neuritic plaques (NP), a subset of Aβ plaques containing dystrophic neurites (DN), are suggested to be unique to AD and might play a role in the interaction of Aβ and tau. Quantifying NP and non-NP in postmortem brain specimens from patients with increasing severity of AD neuropathological changes (ADNC), we demonstrate that the total number of Aβ plaques and NP increase, while the number of non-NP stagnates. Furthermore, investigating the correlation between NP and NFT, we identified unexpected brain region-specific differences when comparing cases with increasingly more severe ADNC. In neocortical regions NFT counts increase in parallel with NP counts during the progression of ADNC, while this correlation is not observed in hippocampus. These data support the notion that non-NP are transformed into NP during the progression of ADNC and indicate that NP might drive cortical NFT formation. Next, using spatial transcriptomics, we analyzed the gene expression profile of the microenvironment around non-NP and NP. We identified an upregulation of neuronal systems and Ca-dependent event pathways around NP compared to non-NP. We speculate that the upregulation of these transcripts may hint at a compensatory mechanism underlying NP formation. Our studies suggest that the transformation of non-NP to NP is a key event in ADNC progression and points to regenerative failure as a potential driving force of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangchen Tsering
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- College of Medicine, Mcknight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela P Hery
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Phillips
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kiara Lolo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tim Bathe
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- College of Medicine, Mcknight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan A Villareal
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Isabelle Y Ruan
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- College of Medicine, Mcknight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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8
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Illes P, Ulrich H, Chen JF, Tang Y. Purinergic receptors in cognitive disturbances. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106229. [PMID: 37453562 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors (Rs) of the ATP/ADP, UTP/UDP (P2X, P2Y) and adenosine (A1, A2A)-sensitive classes broadly interfere with cognitive processes both under quasi normal and disease conditions. During neurodegenerative illnesses, high concentrations of ATP are released from the damaged neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the brain; then, this ATP is enzymatically degraded to adenosine. Thus, the primary injury in neurodegenerative diseases appears to be caused by various protein aggregates on which a superimposed damage mediated by especially P2X7 and A2AR activation develops; this can be efficiently prevented by small molecular antagonists in animal models of the above diseases, or are mitigated in the respective knockout mice. Dementia is a leading symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and accompanies Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), especially in the advanced states of these illnesses. Animal experimentation suggests that P2X7 and A2ARs are also involved in a number of psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive behavior, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In conclusion, small molecular antagonists of purinergic receptors are expected to supply us in the future with pharmaceuticals which are able to combat in a range of neurological/psychiatric diseases the accompanying cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Whenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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9
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Montero-Calle A, Coronel R, Garranzo-Asensio M, Solís-Fernández G, Rábano A, de Los Ríos V, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Mendes ML, Martínez-Useros J, Megías D, Moreno-Casbas MT, Peláez-García A, Liste I, Barderas R. Proteomics analysis of prefrontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease patients revealed dysregulated proteins in the disease and novel proteins associated with amyloid-β pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:141. [PMID: 37149819 PMCID: PMC11073180 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, chronic, and neurodegenerative disease, and the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Currently, the mechanisms underlying the disease are far from being elucidated. Thus, the study of proteins involved in its pathogenesis would allow getting further insights into the disease and identifying new markers for AD diagnosis. METHODS We aimed here to analyze protein dysregulation in AD brain by quantitative proteomics to identify novel proteins associated with the disease. 10-plex TMT (tandem mass tags)-based quantitative proteomics experiments were performed using frozen tissue samples from the left prefrontal cortex of AD patients and healthy individuals and vascular dementia (VD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients as controls (CT). LC-MS/MS analyses were performed using a Q Exactive mass spectrometer. RESULTS In total, 3281 proteins were identified and quantified using MaxQuant. Among them, after statistical analysis with Perseus (p value < 0.05), 16 and 155 proteins were defined as upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in AD compared to CT (Healthy, FTD and VD) with an expression ratio ≥ 1.5 (upregulated) or ≤ 0.67 (downregulated). After bioinformatics analysis, ten dysregulated proteins were selected as more prone to be associated with AD, and their dysregulation in the disease was verified by qPCR, WB, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), pull-down, and/or ELISA, using tissue and plasma samples of AD patients, patients with other dementias, and healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS We identified and validated novel AD-associated proteins in brain tissue that should be of further interest for the study of the disease. Remarkably, PMP2 and SCRN3 were found to bind to amyloid-β (Aβ) fibers in vitro, and PMP2 to associate with Aβ plaques by IF, whereas HECTD1 and SLC12A5 were identified as new potential blood-based biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero-Calle
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, E-28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Coronel
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Garranzo-Asensio
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, E-28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Solís-Fernández
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, E-28220, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, E-28031, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta L Mendes
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Javier Martínez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
- Area of Physiology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, E-28922, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Unit, UCCTs, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), E-28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Peláez-García
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), E-28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, E-28220, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Hao C, Han M, Wang W, Yang C, Wang J, Guo Y, Xu T, Zhang L, Li C. The neuroprotective effects of peracetylated chitosan oligosaccharides against β-amyloid-induced cognitive deficits in rats. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:211-222. [PMID: 37275539 PMCID: PMC10232394 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) have been reported to possess a broad range of activities such as antitumor, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. In this study, the protective effects and mechanisms of peracetylated chitosan oligosaccharides (PACOs) against Aβ-induced cognitive deficits were investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. PACOs treatment significantly improved the learning and memory function of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats and attenuated the neuron cell damage caused by Aβ. PACOs also markedly reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the phosphorylation of Tau protein to inhibit oxidative injury and inflammatory responses in AD rats. Further studies indicated that PACOs may promote the repair of Aβ induced nerve damage and inhibit neuronal apoptosis mainly through regulating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Consistently, the transcriptome analysis verified that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in neuron development and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, peracetylated chitosan oligosaccharides (PACOs) have the potential to be developed into novel anti-AD agents targeting the cellular PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00172-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Hao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Center of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Minmin Han
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Center of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Qingdao Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Center of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Tao Xu
- Center of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Qingdao Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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11
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Mazumder S, McCann H, D’Silva S, Furlong S, Shepherd CE, Kril JJ, Halliday GM, Rowe DB, Kiernan MC, Tan RH. Riluzole is associated with decreasing neuritic plaque severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2022; 146:e17-e19. [PMID: 36542498 PMCID: PMC9976952 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Mazumder
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Heather McCann
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Susan D’Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Sarah Furlong
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - Jillian J Kril
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia,Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dominic B Rowe
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia,Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Rachel H Tan
- Correspondence to: Rachel Tan Brain and Mind Centre, 94 Mallett Street Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia E-mail:
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12
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Valtanen RS, Buhimschi CS, Bahtiyar MO, Zhao G, Jing H, Ackerman WE, Glabe CG, Buhimschi IA. Conformation-dependent anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody signatures of disease status and severity in urine of women with preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 28:51-59. [PMID: 35183929 PMCID: PMC9133023 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has shown that urine of women with preeclampsia (PE) contains amyloid-like aggregates that are congophilic (exhibit affinity for the amyloidophilic dye Congo red) and immunoreactive with A11, a polyclonal serum against prefibrillar β-amyloid oligomers, thereby supporting pathogenic similarity between PE and protein conformational disorders such as Alzheimer's and prion disease. The objective of this study was to interrogate PE urine using monoclonal antibodies with previously characterized A11-like epitopes. Over 100 conformation-dependent monoclonals were screened and three (mA11-09, mA11-89, and mA11-205) selected for further confirmation in 196 urine samples grouped as follows: severe features PE (sPE, n = 114), PE without severe features (mPE, n = 30), chronic hypertension (crHTN, n = 14) and normotensive pregnant control (P-CRL, n = 38). We showed that the selected conformation-specific monoclonals distinguished among patients with varying severities of PE from P-CRL and patients with crHTN. By use of latent class analysis (LCA) we identified three classes of subjects: Class 1 (n = 94) comprised patients whose urine was both congophilic and reactive with the monoclonals. These women were more likely diagnosed with early-onset sPE and had severe hypertension and proteinuria; Class 2 patients (n = 55) were negative for congophilia and against the antibodies. These were predominantly P-CRL and crHTN patients. Lastly, Class 3 patients (n = 48) were positive for urine congophilia, albeit at lower intensity, but negative for monoclonal immunoreactivities. These women were diagnosed primarily as mPE or late-onset sPE. Collectively, our study validates conformation-dependent Aβ imunoreactivity of PE urine which in conjunction to urine congophilia may represent an additional indicator of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa S Valtanen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Catalin S Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Mert O Bahtiyar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Guomao Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Hongwu Jing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - William E Ackerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Charles G Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Irina A Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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13
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Ramsden CE, Keyes GS, Calzada E, Horowitz MS, Zamora D, Jahanipour J, Sedlock A, Indig FE, Moaddel R, Kapogiannis D, Maric D. Lipid Peroxidation Induced ApoE Receptor-Ligand Disruption as a Unifying Hypothesis Underlying Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease in Humans. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1251-1290. [PMID: 35466940 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) lacks a unifying hypothesis that can account for the lipid peroxidation observed early in the disease, enrichment of ApoE in the core of neuritic plaques, hallmark plaques and tangles, and selective vulnerability of entorhinal-hippocampal structures. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that 1) high expression of ApoER2 (receptor for ApoE and Reelin) helps explain this anatomical vulnerability; 2) lipid peroxidation of ApoE and ApoER2 contributes to sAD pathogenesis, by disrupting neuronal ApoE delivery and Reelin-ApoER2-Dab1 signaling cascades. METHODS In vitro biochemical experiments; Single-marker and multiplex fluorescence-immunohistochemistry (IHC) in postmortem specimens from 26 individuals who died cognitively normal, with mild cognitive impairment or with sAD. RESULTS ApoE and ApoER2 peptides and proteins were susceptible to attack by reactive lipid aldehydes, generating lipid-protein adducts and crosslinked ApoE-ApoER2 complexes. Using in situ hybridization alongside IHC, we observed that: 1) ApoER2 is strongly expressed in terminal zones of the entorhinal-hippocampal 'perforant path' projections that underlie memory; 2) ApoE, lipid aldehyde-modified ApoE, Reelin, ApoER2, and the downstream Reelin-ApoER2 cascade components Dab1 and Thr19-phosphorylated PSD95 accumulated in the vicinity of neuritic plaques in perforant path terminal zones in sAD cases; 3) several ApoE/Reelin-ApoER2-Dab1 pathway markers were higher in sAD cases and positively correlated with histological progression and cognitive deficits. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate derangements in multiple ApoE/Reelin-ApoER2-Dab1 axis components in perforant path terminal zones in sAD and provide proof-of-concept that ApoE and ApoER2 are vulnerable to aldehyde-induced adduction and crosslinking. Findings provide the foundation for a unifying hypothesis implicating lipid peroxidation of ApoE and ApoE receptors in sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Ramsden
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory S Keyes
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Calzada
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark S Horowitz
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jahandar Jahanipour
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Sedlock
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fred E Indig
- Confocal Imaging Facility, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Human Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Streit WJ, Rotter J, Winter K, Müller W, Khoshbouei H, Bechmann I. Droplet Degeneration of Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons Signifies the Beginning of Neuritic Plaque Formation. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1701-1720. [PMID: 34958037 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuritic plaques contain neural and microglial elements, and amyloid-β protein (Aβ), but their pathogenesis remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Elucidate neuritic plaque pathogenesis. METHODS Histochemical visualization of hyperphosphorylated-tau positive (p-tau+) structures, microglia, Aβ, and iron. RESULTS Disintegration of large projection neurons in human hippocampus and neocortex presents as droplet degeneration: pretangle neurons break up into spheres of numerous p-tau+ droplets of various sizes, which marks the beginning of neuritic plaques. These droplet spheres develop in the absence of colocalized Aβ deposits but once formed become encased in diffuse Aβ with great specificity. In contrast, neurofibrillary tangles often do not colocalize with Aβ. Double-labelling for p-tau and microglia showed a lack of microglial activation or phagocytosis of p-tau+ degeneration droplets but revealed massive upregulation of ferritin in microglia suggesting presence of high levels of free iron. Perl's Prussian blue produced positive staining of microglia, droplet spheres, and Aβ plaque cores supporting the suggestion that droplet degeneration of pretangle neurons in the hippocampus and cortex represents ferroptosis, which is accompanied by the release of neuronal iron extracellularly. CONCLUSION Age-related iron accumulation and ferroptosis in the CNS likely trigger at least two endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotective iron sequestration and chelation, microglial ferritin expression and Aβ deposition, respectively, both contributing to the formation of neuritic plaques. Since neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ deposits colocalize infrequently, tangle formation likely does not involve release of neuronal iron extracellularly. In human brain, targeted deposition of Aβ occurs specifically in response to ongoing ferroptotic droplet degeneration thereby producing neuritic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang J Streit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonas Rotter
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Habiba U, Ozawa M, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Descallar J, Nakayama H, Summers BA, Morley JW, Tayebi M. Neuronal Deposition of Amyloid-β Oligomers and Hyperphosphorylated Tau Is Closely Connected with Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Dogs. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:749-760. [PMID: 34870101 PMCID: PMC8609497 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a progressive syndrome recognized in mature to aged dogs with a variety of neuropathological changes similar to human Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which it is thought to be a good natural model. However, the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-Tau) in dogs with CCD has only been demonstrated infrequently. Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of p-Tau and amyloid-β oligomer (Aβo) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of dogs with CCD, with focus on an epitope retrieval protocol to unmask p-Tau. Methods Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis of the cortical and hippocampal regions of five CCD-affected and two nondemented aged dogs using 4G8 anti-Aβp, anti-Aβ1 - 42 nanobody (PrioAD13) and AT8 anti-p-Tau (Ser202, Thr205) antibody were used to demonstrate the presence of Aβ plaques (Aβp) and Aβ1 - 42 oligomers and p-Tau deposits, respectively. Results The extracellular Aβ senile plaques were of the diffuse type which lack the dense core normally seen in human AD. While p-Tau deposits displayed a widespread pattern and closely resembled the typical human neuropathology, they did not co-localize with the Aβp. Of considerable interest, however, widespread intraneuronal deposition of Aβ1 - 42 oligomers were exhibited in the frontal cortex and hippocampal region that co-localized with p-Tau. Conclusion Taken together, these findings reveal further shared neuropathologic features of AD and CCD, supporting the case that aged dogs afflicted with CCD offer a relevant model for investigating human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umma Habiba
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Makiko Ozawa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joseph Descallar
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Brian A Summers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Melbourne University, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Morley
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mourad Tayebi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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16
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Kim K, Lee JH, Kim S, Lee S, Lee D, Kim HY, Kim I, Kim Y. Anti-amyloidogenic indolizino[3,2- c]quinolines as imaging probes differentiating dense-core, diffuse, and coronal plaques of amyloid-β. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1926-1934. [PMID: 34825188 PMCID: PMC8597658 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a major biomarker that is often used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Aβ plaque levels in the cortex and hippocampus are measured by either brain histology or positron emission tomography. Although cerebral plaques are found in several phenotypes, such as dense-core, diffuse, and coronal, imaging probes differentiating these plaques are currently unavailable. Here, we report that fluorescent indolizino[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives (YIQ) distinguish Aβ plaque phenotypes in brains of 5XFAD Alzheimer transgenic mice. We synthesized and screened 64 YIQ compounds through a series of in vitro and ex vivo Aβ staining assays. We found 20 compounds that could stain the Aβ phenotypes, 10 for dense-core plaques, eight for both dense-core and diffuse plaques, and two for solely visualizing only the coronal plaques while leaving the centric core unstained. Among the 20 imaging candidates, five YIQs displaying anti-Aβ aggregation efficacy were confirmed by thioflavin T assays and electrophoretic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwa Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Songmin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Ikyon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 Republic of Korea
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17
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Robinson AC, Davidson YS, Roncaroli F, Minshull J, Tinkler P, Cairns M, Horan MA, Payton A, Mann DMA. Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status Scores Associate with Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology at Death. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:609-619. [PMID: 34602485 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) provides an opportunity for early intervention. Cognitive testing has proven to be a reliable way to identify individuals who may be at risk of AD. The Telephone Assessment for Cognitive Screening (TICS) is proficient in screening for cognitive impairment. However, its ability to identify those at risk of developing AD pathology is unknown. OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate associations between TICS scores, collected over a period of 13 years, and the cognitive status of participants at death. We also examine relationships between TICS scores and neuropathological indices of AD (CERAD score, Thal phase, and Braak stage). METHODS Between 2004 and 2017, participants from The University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age underwent cognitive assessment using TICS. Scores from four time points were available for analysis. Cognitive impairment and AD pathology at death was evaluated in 101 participants. RESULTS TICS scores at time points 2, 3, and 4 were significantly lower in those cognitively impaired at death compared to those considered cognitively normal. There were significant negative correlations between TICS scores and CERAD score and Braak stage at time points 2 and 4. No correlations between Thal phase and TICS were found. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that TICS could be used not only to screen for cognitive impairment, but also to identify individuals at risk of developing AD pathology, many years before any overt symptoms occur. Once identified, 'at risk' individuals could be targeted for early interventions which could attenuate the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Robinson
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Yvonne S Davidson
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - James Minshull
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Phillip Tinkler
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Margaret Cairns
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Healthcare Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael A Horan
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David M A Mann
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
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18
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Kapasi A, Yu L, Stewart C, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Boyle PA. Association of Amyloid-β Pathology with Decision Making and Scam Susceptibility. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:879-887. [PMID: 34366345 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings suggest that poor decision making and increased scam susceptibility are harbingers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and may be among the earliest behavioral manifestations of pathologic cognitive aging. However, the degree to which poor decision making and scam susceptibility reflect accumulating Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of AD pathology with decision making and scam susceptibility in older adults without dementia. METHODS Data came from 198 deceased participants without clinical dementia (mean age at death = 90 years; 69%women) from two ongoing studies of aging. All underwent annual clinical evaluations, completed assessments of healthcare and financial decision making and scam susceptibility, and brain donation. Neuropathologic evaluations quantified pathologic hallmarks of AD, amyloid-β and tau-tangles, Lewy body pathology, and TDP-43 proteinopathy. RESULTS In linear regression models adjusted for demographics, amyloid-β pathology was associated with lower decision making (estimate = -0.35; SE = 0.16, p = 0.03), particularly healthcare decision making (estimate = -0.20; SE = 0.09, p = 0.03), as well as greater scam susceptibility (estimate = 0.12; SE = 0.04, p = 0.003); tau-tangle pathology was not related. Further, TDP-43 pathology was associated with greater scam susceptibility (estimate = 0.10; SE = 0.04; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Accumulating AD pathology, particularly amyloid-β, is associated with poor decision making and increased scam susceptibility among older persons without overt cognitive impairment. These findings provide compelling evidence that decision making and scam susceptibility are sensitive to the earliest pathological changes of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alifiya Kapasi
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Stewart
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia A Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Iwaide S, Yanai T, Murakami T. Proteopathic lesions in the brain of a super-aged chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). J Med Primatol 2021; 50:222-224. [PMID: 34096618 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The brain of a chimpanzee estimated to be 68 years old, the oldest reported so far, has been examined. Pathological analyses revealed the formation of mild tau-positive neuritic clusters and cytoplasmic α-synuclein aggregates, in addition to severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy and diffuse plaques, but no tangle lesions were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Iwaide
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuma Yanai
- Hiwa Museum for Natural History, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Mold MJ, O’Farrell A, Morris B, Exley C. Aluminum and Tau in Neurofibrillary Tangles in Familial Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:283-294. [PMID: 34113785 PMCID: PMC8150251 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD) is driven by genetic predispositions affecting the expression and metabolism of the amyloid-β protein precursor. Aluminum is a non-essential yet biologically-reactive metal implicated in the etiology of AD. Recent research has identified aluminum intricately and unequivocally associated with amyloid-β in senile plaques and, more tentatively, co-deposited with neuropil-like threads in the brains of a Colombian cohort of donors with fAD. OBJECTIVE Herein, we have assessed the co-localization of aluminum to immunolabelled phosphorylated tau to probe the potential preferential binding of aluminum to senile plaques or neurofibrillary tangles in the same Colombian kindred. METHODS Herein, we have performed phosphorylated tau-specific immunolabelling followed by aluminum-specific fluorescence microscopy of the identical brain tissue sections via a sequential labelling method. RESULTS Aluminum was co-localized with immunoreactive phosphorylated tau in the brains of donors with fAD. While aluminum was predominantly co-located to neurofibrillary tangles in the temporal cortex, aluminum was more frequently co-deposited with cortical senile plaques. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the co-deposition of aluminum with amyloid-β precedes that with neurofibrillary tangles. Extracellularly deposited amyloid-β may also be more immediately available to bind aluminum versus intracellular aggregates of tau. Therapeutic approaches to reduce tau have demonstrated the amelioration of its synergistic interactions with amyloid-β, ultimately reducing tau pathology and reducing neuronal loss. These data support the intricate associations of aluminum in the neuropathology of fAD, of which its subsequent reduction may further therapeutic benefits observed in ongoing clinical trials in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew John Mold
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Adam O’Farrell
- School of Life Sciences, Huxley Building, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Benjamin Morris
- School of Life Sciences, Huxley Building, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
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21
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Jankovska N, Olejar T, Kukal J, Matej R. Different Morphology of Neuritic Plaques in the Archicortex of Alzheimer's Disease with Comorbid Synucleinopathy: A Pilot Study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:948-958. [PMID: 33327912 DOI: 10.2174/1875692117999201215162043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulbous neuritic changes in neuritic plaques have already been described, and their possible effect on the clinical course of the disease has been discussed. OBJECTIVE In our study, we focused on the location and density of these structures in patients with only Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with AD in comorbidity with synucleinopathies. METHODS Utilizing immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, we evaluated differences of neocortical and archicortical neuritic plaques and the frequency of bulbous changes in the archicortex of 14 subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 10 subjects with the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD/DLB), and 4 subjects with Alzheimer's disease with amygdala Lewy bodies (AD/ALB). Also, the progression and density of neuritic changes over the time course of the disease were evaluated. RESULTS We found structural differences in bulbous dystrophic neurites more often in AD/DLB and AD/ALB than in pure AD cases. The bulbous neuritic changes were more prominent in the initial and progressive phases and were reduced in cases with a long clinical course. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that there is a prominent difference in the shape and composition of neocortical and archicortical neuritic plaques and, moreover, that bulbous neuritic changes can be observed at a higher rate in AD/DLB and AD/ALB subjects compared to pure AD subjects. This observation probably reflects that these subacute changes are more easily seen in the faster clinical course of AD patients with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Jankovska
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Olejar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Kukal
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Matej
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Jankovska N, Olejar T, Matej R. Extracellular Amyloid Deposits in Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Similar Behavior of Different Proteins? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E7. [PMID: 33374972 PMCID: PMC7792617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the deposition of specific protein aggregates, both intracellularly and/or extracellularly, depending on the type of disease. The extracellular occurrence of tridimensional structures formed by amyloidogenic proteins defines Alzheimer's disease, in which plaques are composed of amyloid β-protein, while in prionoses, the same term "amyloid" refers to the amyloid prion protein. In this review, we focused on providing a detailed didactic description and differentiation of diffuse, neuritic, and burnt-out plaques found in Alzheimer's disease and kuru-like, florid, multicentric, and neuritic plaques in human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, followed by a systematic classification of the morphological similarities and differences between the extracellular amyloid deposits in these disorders. Both conditions are accompanied by the extracellular deposits that share certain signs, including neuritic degeneration, suggesting a particular role for amyloid protein toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Jankovska
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Tomas Olejar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Radoslav Matej
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.O.); (R.M.)
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Nasaruddin ML, Syed Abd Halim SA, Kamaruzzaman MA. Studying the Relationship of Intermittent Fasting and β-Amyloid in Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103215. [PMID: 33096730 PMCID: PMC7590153 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the evidence for intermittent fasting (IF) as a preventative tool to influence β-amyloid in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A Scopus, Ovid, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS), search yielded 29 results using the keywords "amyloid beta", "intermittent fasting", "intermittent caloric restriction", "alternate day fasting", "modified alternate-day fasting", "time-restricted feeding", "Ramadan fast", "intermittent calori* restriction", "intermittent restrictive diet", and "Alzheimer*". Five research articles addressed directly the effects of intermittent fasting on β-amyloid levels in animal models of AD: alternate day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) methods were incorporated in these studies. The study designs were found to be heterogeneous. Variations in the levels of β-amyloid peptides or plaque in either the hippocampus, cortical areas, or both in animals following dietary intervention were observed as compared to the ad libitum group. Non-significant changes were observed in three studies, while two studies interestingly demonstrated amelioration and reduction in β-amyloid levels. Given the conflicting results obtained from this study, significant care has to be taken into consideration before the protocol can be applied as a preventative approach to treat Alzheimer's disease. Longitudinal research is warranted to fully grasp how dietary habits can help alleviate the disease either through upstream or downstream of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Syarifah Aisyah Syed Abd Halim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Level 18, Preclinical Building, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 56000 Malaysia; (S.A.S.A.H.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mohd Amir Kamaruzzaman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Level 18, Preclinical Building, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 56000 Malaysia; (S.A.S.A.H.); (M.A.K.)
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Subchronic administration of auranofin reduced amyloid-β plaque pathology in a transgenic APP NL-G-F/NL-G-F mouse model. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147022. [PMID: 32707043 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Neuropathological processes, including the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation, lead to cognitive impairment at middle and eventually later stages of AD progression. Over the last decade, focused efforts have explored repurposed drug approaches for AD pathophysiological mechanisms. Recently, auranofin, an anti-inflammatory drug, was shown to have therapeutic potential in a number of diseases in addition to rheumatoid arthritis. Surprisingly, no data regarding the effects of auranofin on cognitive deficits in AD mice or the influence of auranofin on Aβ pathology and neuroinflammatory processes are available. In the present study, we used 14-month-old transgenic male APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice to assess the effects of subchronic administration of auranofin at low doses (1 and 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) on spatial memory, Aβ pathology and the expression of cortical and hippocampal proteins (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1)) and proteins related to synaptic plasticity (glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), homer proteins homologue-1 (Homer-1)). The data demonstrated that auranofin significantly decreased Aβ deposition in the hippocampus and the number of Aβ plaques in the cingulate cortex, but it did not have memory-enhancing effects or induce changes in the expression of the studied proteins. Our current results highlight the importance of considering further pre-clinical research to investigate the possible beneficial effects of auranofin on the other pathological aspects of AD.
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25
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Yu L, Petyuk VA, Tasaki S, Boyle PA, Gaiteri C, Schneider JA, De Jager PL, Bennett DA. Association of Cortical β-Amyloid Protein in the Absence of Insoluble Deposits With Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2020; 76:818-826. [PMID: 31009033 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Importance β-Amyloid deposits are a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the extent to which cortical β-amyloid protein in the absence of insoluble deposits is associated with classic features of AD appear to be unknown. Objective To examine the associations of cortical β-amyloid protein in the absence of insoluble deposits with cognitive decline, neurofibrillary tangles, other age-associated neuropathologic conditions, and APOE. Design, Setting, and Participants This analysis combines data from 2 community-based clinicopathologic cohort studies of aging. The Religious Orders Study started in 1994, and the Rush Memory and Aging Project started in 1997. Both studies are ongoing. Participants without known dementia were enrolled and agreed to annual clinical evaluations and brain donation after death. Primary analyses focused on individuals without β-amyloid deposits. Data analyses occurred in mid-September 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures β-Amyloid protein abundance was measured by targeted proteomics using selected reaction monitoring. β-Amyloid deposits were detected using immunohistochemistry. Other neuropathologic indices were quantified via uniform structured evaluation. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association of β-amyloid protein with cognitive decline. Regression models examined the protein associations with neuropathologic outcomes and the APOE genotype. Results By mid-September 2018, 3575 older persons were enrolled, and 1559 had died and undergone brain autopsy. Proteomic data were collected in 1208 individuals, and 5 with missing cognitive scores were excluded. Of the remaining 1203, primary analyses focused on 148 individuals (12.3%) without β-amyloid deposits. In this group, the mean (SD) age at death was 87.0 (7.0) years, and 84 individuals (56.8%) were women. In the absence of β-amyloid deposits, we did not observe an association of β-amyloid protein with decline in episodic memory, but the protein was associated with faster rates of decline in processing speed (mean [SE] change, -0.014 [0.005]; P = .008) and visuospatial abilities (mean [SE] change, -0.013 [0.005]; P = .006). We did not observe protein association with paired helical filament tau tangle density. The protein was associated with amyloid angiopathy (odds ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.15-1.67]; P < .001) but no other brain pathology. The associations with cognitive decline were unchanged after controlling for amyloid angiopathy. Neither APOE ε4 nor a polygenic Alzheimer risk score was associated with β-amyloid protein. Conclusions and Relevance Cortical β-amyloid protein was associated with faster cognitive decline in the absence of β-amyloid deposits, which supports the role of cortical soluble β-amyloid as a neurotoxic agent in aging. The lack of protein association with paired helical filament tau tangles, episodic memory decline, or strong genetic drivers of deposited β-amyloid suggests an underlying neuropathologic change that may differ from that of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patricia A Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chris Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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26
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Wang M, Zong HF, Chang KW, Han H, Yasir Rizvi M, Iffat Neha S, Li ZY, Yang WN, Qian YH. 5-HT 1AR alleviates Aβ-induced cognitive decline and neuroinflammation through crosstalk with NF-κB pathway in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106354. [PMID: 32143008 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor is significant for the regulation of mood and memory. However, the role of 5-HT1AR in β-Amyloid protein (Aβ)-induced cognitive decline, neuroinflammation and the possible mechanism remains elusive. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 5-HT1AR on Aβ-induced learning and memory decline and neuroinflammation in mice. Novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests were performed to observe learning and memory behavior in mice. Protein levels of Iba1, GFAP, MAP2, TNF-α, Tβ4, C-fos, IKK-β, IKB-α, NF-κBp65, phospho-NF-κBp65 in the hippocampus were examined by immunostaining or western blotting. Aβ1-42-treatment inducing learning and memory decline was shown in novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests; neuroinflammation shown in immunostaining. Our study found out that 5-HT1AR inhibitor WAY100635 showed significant improvement in Aβ-induced learning and memory decline. Moreover, WAY100635 decreases levels of Iba1, GFAP, and TNF-α in the hippocampus, which were related to neuroinflammation. While treatment with 5-HT1AR agonist 8-OH-DPAT or ERK inhibitor U0126 exerted no effects or even aggravated Aβ-induced learning and memory decline. In addition, WAY100635 could downregulate phospho-NF-κB in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-injected mice. These results provide new insight into the mechanism, for 5-HT1AR in Aβ-induced cognitive impairments through crosstalk with the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our data indicated that WAY100635 was involved in the protective effects against neuroinflammation and improvement of learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Hang-Fan Zong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Ke-Wei Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China; Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mohammad Yasir Rizvi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Saema Iffat Neha
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Wei-Na Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China; Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yi-Hua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China; Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
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27
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Malek-Ahmadi M, Chen K, Perez SE, Mufson EJ. Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Neuritic Plaque Pathology Correlate with Cognitive Decline in Elderly Non-Demented Individuals. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:411-422. [PMID: 30594928 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a vascular neuropathology commonly reported in non-cognitively impaired (NCI), mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. However, it is unknown whether similar findings are present in non-demented elderly subjects. OBJECTIVE This study determined the association between CAA and cognition among elderly NCI subjects with varying levels of AD pathology. METHODS Data from 182 cases that received a diagnosis of NCI at their first clinical assessment were obtained from the Rush Religious Orders study (RROS). A cognitive composite score was used to measure cognitive decline. CAA was dichotomized as present or absent. Cases were also dichotomized according to CERAD neuropathological diagnosis and Braak staging. A mixed model-repeated measures analysis assessed decline on the cognitive composite score. RESULTS CAA, alone, was not associated with cognitive decline [-0.87 (95% CI: -3.33, 1.58), p = 0.49]. However, among those with CAA, the High CERAD group had significantly greater decline relative to the Low CERAD group [-4.08 (95% CI: -7.10, -1.06), p = 0.008]. The High and Low CERAD groups were not significantly different [-1.77 (95% CI: -6.14, 2.60), p = 0.43] in those without CAA. Composite score decline in the High and Low Braak groups with [-1.32 (95% CI: -4.40, 1.75), p = 0.40] or without [0.27 (95% CI: -4.01, 4.56), p = 0.90] CAA was not significantly different. CONCLUSION The current data shows that an interaction between CAA and plaque load is associated with greater decline on a cognitive composite score used to test non-cognitively impaired elderly participants in AD prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Malek-Ahmadi M, Perez SE, Chen K, Mufson EJ. Braak Stage, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, and Cognitive Decline in Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:189-197. [PMID: 31985469 PMCID: PMC10026689 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the interaction between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Braak staging on cognition in the elderly. The study used a total of 141 subjects consisting of 72 non-cognitively impaired (NCI), 33 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 36 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases displaying Braak stages 0-II and III from the Rush Religious Order Study cohort. The association between Braak stage and CAA status and cognition was evaluated using a series of regression models that adjusted for age at death, sex, education, APOEɛ4 status, and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropathological diagnosis. Individuals with CAA were more likely to be classified as Braak stage III relative to those without CAA [OR = 2.33, 95% CI (1.06, 5.14), p = 0.04]. A significant interaction was found between Braak stage and CAA status on a global cognitive score (β = -0.58, SE = 0.25, p = 0.02). Episodic memory also showed a significant association between Braak stage and CAA (β= -0.75, SE = 0.35, p = 0.03). These data suggest that there is a significant interaction between tau pathology and cerebrovascular lesions on cognition within the AD clinical spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia E. Perez
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elliott J. Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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29
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Ginsberg SD, Malek-Ahmadi MH, Alldred MJ, Chen Y, Chen K, Chao MV, Counts SE, Mufson EJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB hippocampal gene expression are putative predictors of neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104540. [PMID: 31349032 PMCID: PMC6834890 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its cognate neurotrophin receptor, TrkB, were observed during the progression of dementia, but whether the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological lesions diffuse plaques, (DPs), neuritic plaques (NPs), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are related to this alteration remains to be clarified. METHODS Negative binomial (NB) regressions were performed using gene expression data accrued from a single population of CA1 pyramidal neurons and regional hippocampal dissections obtained from participants in the Rush Religious Orders Study (RROS). RESULTS Downregulation of Bdnf is independently associated with increased entorhinal cortex NPs. Downregulation of TrkB is independently associated with increased entorhinal cortex NFTs and CA1 NPs during the progression of AD. DISCUSSION Results indicate that BDNF and TrkB dysregulation contribute to AD neuropathology, most notably hippocampal NPs and NFTs. These data suggest attenuating BDNF/TrkB signaling deficits either at the level of BDNF, TrkB, or downstream of TrkB signaling may abrogate NPs and/or NFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | | | - Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Moses V Chao
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America; Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America; Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
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30
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Hillen H. The Beta Amyloid Dysfunction (BAD) Hypothesis for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1154. [PMID: 31787864 PMCID: PMC6853841 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta amyloid, Aβ 1–42, originally named as Amyloid A4 protein, is one of the most investigated peptides in neuroscience and has attracted substantial interest since its discovery as the main insoluble fibril-type protein in cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy (Glenner and Wong, 1984; Masters et al., 1985) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). From the very beginning, Aβ was regarded per se as a “bad molecule,” triggering the so-called “beta amyloid cascade hypothesis” (Hardy and Higgins, 1992). This hypothesis ignored any physiological function for in situ generated Aβ monomer with normal production and turnover rate (Bateman et al., 2006). Accordingly, pan-Aβ-related therapeutic approaches were designed to eliminate or lower the three structural isoforms in parallel: (1) the pre-amyloid monomer, (2) the misfolded oligomer, and (3) the final fibril. While we already knew about poor correlations between plaques and cognitive decline quite early (Terry et al., 1991), data for an essential benign physiological role for Aβ monomer at low concentrations were also not considered to be relevant. Here, a different Beta Amyloid hypothesis is described, the so-called “Beta Amyloid Dysfunction hypothesis,” which, in contrast to the “Beta Amyloid Cascade hypothesis,” builds on the homeostasis of essential Aβ monomer in the synaptic vesicle cycle (SVC). Disease-relevant early pathology emerges through disturbance of the Aβ homeostasis by so far unknown factors leading to the formation of misfolded Aβ oligomers. These early species interfere with the synaptic physiological Aβ monomer regulation and exert their neurotoxicity via various receptors for sticky oligomer-type Aβ aggregates. The Beta Amyloid Dysfunction (BAD) hypothesis is introduced and shown to explain negative clinical results of Gamma-secretase and Beta-secretase (BACE) inhibitors as well as pan-Aβ isotype unselective immunotherapies. This hypothesis gives guidance to what needs to be done therapeutically to revive successful clinical testing in AD for this highly validated target. The BAD hypothesis will need further refinement in particular through more detailed exploration for the role of physiological Aβ monomer.
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Differential activation of the mTOR/autophagy pathway predicts cognitive performance in APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 83:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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DeTure MA, Dickson DW. The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:32. [PMID: 31375134 PMCID: PMC6679484 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1450] [Impact Index Per Article: 290.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease most often associated with memory deficits and cognitive decline, although less common clinical presentations are increasingly recognized. The cardinal pathological features of the disease have been known for more than one hundred years, and today the presence of these amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are still required for a pathological diagnosis. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia globally. There remain no effective treatment options for the great majority of patients, and the primary causes of the disease are unknown except in a small number of familial cases driven by genetic mutations. Confounding efforts to develop effective diagnostic tools and disease-modifying therapies is the realization that Alzheimer's disease is a mixed proteinopathy (amyloid and tau) frequently associated with other age-related processes such as cerebrovascular disease and Lewy body disease. Defining the relationships between and interdependence of various co-pathologies remains an active area of investigation. This review outlines etiologically-linked pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease, as well as those that are inevitable findings of uncertain significance, such as granulovacuolar degeneration and Hirano bodies. Other disease processes that are frequent, but not inevitable, are also discussed, including pathologic processes that can clinically mimic Alzheimer's disease. These include cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body disease, TDP-43 proteinopathies and argyrophilic grain disease. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of Alzheimer's disease pathology, its defining pathologic substrates and the related pathologies that can affect diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, The Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, The Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Abner EL, Neltner JH, Jicha GA, Patel E, Anderson SL, Wilcock DM, Van Eldik LJ, Nelson PT. Diffuse Amyloid-β Plaques, Neurofibrillary Tangles, and the Impact of APOE in Elderly Persons' Brains Lacking Neuritic Amyloid Plaques. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:1307-1324. [PMID: 30040735 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Data from a large autopsy series were analyzed to address questions pertinent to primary age-related tauopathy (PART) and Alzheimer's disease (AD): what factors are associated with increased severity of neurofibrillary degeneration in brains that lack neuritic amyloid plaques?; is there an association between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles and PART pathologic severity independent of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits?; and, how do the stains used to detect plaques and tangles impact the experimental results? Neuropathologic data were evaluated from elderly research volunteers whose brain autopsies were performed at University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center (UK-ADC; N = 145 subjects). All of the included subjects' brains lacked neuritic amyloid plaques according to the CERAD diagnostic criteria and the average final MMSE score before death was 26.8±4.6 stdev. The study incorporated evaluation of tissue with both silver histochemical stains and immunohistochemical stains to compare results; the immunohistochemical stains (Aβ and phospho-tau) were scanned and quantified using digital pathologic methods. Immunohistochemical stains provided important advantages over histochemical stains due to sensitivity and detectability via digital methods. When AD-type pathology was in its presumed earliest phases, neocortical parenchymal Aβ deposits were associated with increased medial temporal lobe neurofibrillary tangles. The observation supports the NIA-AA consensus recommendation for neuropathologic diagnoses, because even these "diffuse" Aβ deposits signal that AD pathobiologic mechanisms are occurring. Further, the data were most compatible with the hypothesis that the APOEɛ4 allele exerts its effect(s) via driving Aβ deposition, i.e., an "upstream" influence, rather than being associated directly with Aβ- independent PART pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Abner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Janna H Neltner
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ela Patel
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sonya L Anderson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Neitzel J, Franzmeier N, Rubinski A, Ewers M. Left frontal connectivity attenuates the adverse effect of entorhinal tau pathology on memory. Neurology 2019; 93:e347-e357. [PMID: 31235661 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether higher global left frontal cortex (gLFC) connectivity, a putative neural substrate of cognitive reserve, attenuates the effect of entorhinal tau PET levels on episodic memory in older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional 18F-AV-1451 PET (to assess tau pathology), 18F-AV-45 or 18F-BAY94-9172 PET (to assess β-amyloid [Aβ]), and resting-state fMRI were obtained in 125 elderly participants from the Alzheimer's Neuroimaging Initiative, including 82 cognitively normal participants (amyloid PET-positive [Aβ+], n = 27) and 43 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (Aβ+ = 15). Resting-state fMRI gLFC connectivity was computed for each participant as the average functional connectivity between the left frontal cortex (LFC) (seed) and each remaining voxel in the gray matter. As a measure of tau pathology, we assessed the mean tau PET uptake in the entorhinal cortex. In linear mixed-effects regression analysis, we tested the interaction term gLFC connectivity × entorhinal tau PET on delayed free recall performance. In addition, we assessed whether higher connectivity of the whole frontoparietal control network (FPCN), of which the LFC is a major hub, is associated with reserve. RESULTS Higher entorhinal tau PET was strongly associated with poorer delayed free recall performance (β/SE = -0.49/0.07, p < 0.001). A significant gLFC connectivity × entorhinal tau PET interaction was found (β/SE = 0.19/0.06, p = 0.003), such that at higher levels of gLFC connectivity, the decrease in memory score per unit of entorhinal tau PET was attenuated. The FPCN connectivity × tau interaction was also significant (β/SE = 0.10/0.04, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Both gLFC and FPCN connectivity are associated with higher resilience against the adverse effect of early-stage entorhinal tau pathology on memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Neitzel
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Rubinski
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany.
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Illes P, Rubini P, Huang L, Tang Y. The P2X7 receptor: a new therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:165-176. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1575811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Patrizia Rubini
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Lumei Huang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
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Wennberg AM, Whitwell JL, Tosakulwong N, Weigand SD, Murray ME, Machulda MM, Petrucelli L, Mielke MM, Jack CR, Knopman DS, Parisi JE, Petersen RC, Dickson DW, Josephs KA. The influence of tau, amyloid, alpha-synuclein, TDP-43, and vascular pathology in clinically normal elderly individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 77:26-36. [PMID: 30776649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many individuals live to older ages without clinical impairment. It is unknown whether brain pathologies in these individuals are associated with subtle clinical deficits. We analyzed the brains of 161 clinically normal (Clinical Dementia Rating score = 0) older individuals enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Patient Registry or Study of Aging. We assessed for the presence and burden of beta-amyloid, tau, alpha-synuclein, TDP-43, and vascular pathology. We investigated whether pathologies were associated with antemortem cognitive and motor function, depression, MRI volumetric measures, or the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele. Eighty-six percent had at least 1 pathology, and 63% had mixed pathologies. Tau and vascular pathology were associated with poorer memory scores. Tau was also associated with poorer general cognition scores and smaller amygdala, hippocampi, and entorhinal cortex volumes. Beta-amyloid neuritic plaque burden was associated with greater depression scores. The presence of a greater number of pathologies was associated with APOE e4 carrier status and with poorer memory performance. Some dementia-related pathologies are associated with poorer performance in clinical measures and brain atrophy in the unimpaired elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen D Weigand
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychology (Neuropsychiatry), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Li H, Liu CC, Zheng H, Huang TY. Amyloid, tau, pathogen infection and antimicrobial protection in Alzheimer's disease -conformist, nonconformist, and realistic prospects for AD pathogenesis. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:34. [PMID: 30603085 PMCID: PMC6306008 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal disease that threatens the quality of life of an aging population at a global scale. Various hypotheses on the etiology of AD have been developed over the years to guide efforts in search of therapeutic strategies. MAIN BODY In this review, we focus on four AD hypotheses currently relevant to AD onset: the prevailing amyloid cascade hypothesis, the well-recognized tau hypothesis, the increasingly popular pathogen (viral infection) hypothesis, and the infection-related antimicrobial protection hypothesis. In briefly reviewing the main evidence supporting each hypothesis and discussing the questions that need to be addressed, we hope to gain a better understanding of the complicated multi-layered interactions in potential causal and/or risk factors in AD pathogenesis. As a defining feature of AD, the existence of amyloid deposits is likely fundamental to AD onset but is insufficient to wholly reproduce many complexities of the disorder. A similar belief is currently also applied to hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates within neurons, where tau has been postulated to drive neurodegeneration in the presence of pre-existing Aβ plaques in the brain. Although infection of the central nerve system by pathogens such as viruses may increase AD risk, it is yet to be determined whether this phenomenon is applicable to all cases of sporadic AD and whether it is a primary trigger for AD onset. Lastly, the antimicrobial protection hypothesis provides insight into a potential physiological role for Aβ peptides, but how Aβ/microbial interactions affect AD pathogenesis during aging awaits further validation. Nevertheless, this hypothesis cautions potential adverse effects in Aβ-targeting therapies by hindering potential roles for Aβ in anti-viral protection. CONCLUSION AD is a multi-factor complex disorder, which likely requires a combinatorial therapeutic approach to successfully slow or reduce symptomatic memory decline. A better understanding of how various causal and/or risk factors affecting disease onset and progression will enhance the likelihood of conceiving effective treatment paradigms, which may involve personalized treatment strategies for individual patients at varying stages of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Timothy Y. Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA USA
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Denver P, McClean PL. Distinguishing normal brain aging from the development of Alzheimer's disease: inflammation, insulin signaling and cognition. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1719-1730. [PMID: 30136683 PMCID: PMC6128051 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.238608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As populations age, prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rising. Over 100 years of research has provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease, for which age is the principal risk factor. However, in recent years, a multitude of clinical trial failures has led to pharmaceutical corporations becoming more and more unwilling to support drug development in AD. It is possible that dependence on the amyloid cascade hypothesis as a guide for preclinical research and drug discovery is part of the problem. Accumulating evidence suggests that amyloid plaques and tau tangles are evident in non-demented individuals and that reducing or clearing these lesions does not always result in clinical improvement. Normal aging is associated with pathologies and cognitive decline that are similar to those observed in AD, making differentiation of AD-related cognitive decline and neuropathology challenging. In this mini-review, we discuss the difficulties with discerning normal, age-related cognitive decline with that related to AD. We also discuss some neuropathological features of AD and aging, including amyloid and tau pathology, synapse loss, inflammation and insulin signaling in the brain, with a view to highlighting cognitive or neuropathological markers that distinguish AD from normal aging. It is hoped that this review will help to bolster future preclinical research and support the development of clinical tools and therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Denver
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Medical Center and Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paula L. McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Clinical, Translational and Research Innovation Centre (C-TRIC), University of Ulster, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
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Malek-Ahmadi M, Chen K, Perez SE, He A, Mufson EJ. Cognitive composite score association with Alzheimer's disease plaque and tangle pathology. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:90. [PMID: 30205840 PMCID: PMC6134796 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive composite scores are used as the primary outcome measures for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention trials; however, the extent to which these composite measures correlate with AD pathology has not been fully investigated. Since many on-going AD prevention studies are testing therapies that target either amyloid or tau, we sought to establish an association between a cognitive composite score and the underlying pathology of AD. METHODS Data from 192 older deceased and autopsied persons from the Rush Religious Order Study were used in this study. All participants were classified at their initial evaluations with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI). Of these individuals, 105 remained NCI at the time of their death while the remaining 87 progressed to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD. A cognitive composite score composed of eight cognitive tests was used as the outcome measure. Individuals were classified into groups based on Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropathological diagnosis and Braak stage. RESULTS The rate of annualized composite score decline was significantly greater for the high CERAD (p < 0.001, d = 0.56) and Braak (p < 0.001, d = 0.55) groups compared with the low CERAD and Braak groups, respectively. Mixed-model repeated measure (MMRM) analyses revealed a significantly greater difference in composite score change from baseline for the high CERAD group relative to the low CERAD group after 5 years (Δ = -2.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) -5.01 to -0.47; p = 0.02). A similar analysis between low and high Braak stage groups found no significant difference in change from baseline (Δ = -0.69, 95% CI -3.03 to 1.66; p = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that decreased cognitive composite scores were significantly associated with increased AD pathology and provide support for the use of cognitive composite scores in AD prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, 901 E. Willetta St, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Anna He
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, 901 E. Willetta St, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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Fan LY, Tzen KY, Chen YF, Chen TF, Lai YM, Yen RF, Huang YY, Shiue CY, Yang SY, Chiu MJ. The Relation Between Brain Amyloid Deposition, Cortical Atrophy, and Plasma Biomarkers in Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:175. [PMID: 29967578 PMCID: PMC6015901 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while the role of brain amyloid deposition in the clinical manifestation or brain atrophy remains unresolved. We aimed to explore the relation between brain amyloid deposition, cortical thickness, and plasma biomarkers. Methods: We used 11C-Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography to assay brain amyloid deposition, magnetic resonance imaging to estimate cortical thickness, and an immunomagnetic reduction assay to measure plasma biomarkers. We recruited 39 controls, 25 subjects with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 16 subjects with AD. PiB positivity (PiB+) was defined by the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the mean cortical SUVR from six predefined regions (1.0511 in this study). Results: All plasma biomarkers showed significant between-group differences. The plasma Aβ40 level was positively correlated with the mean cortical thickness of both the PiB+ and PiB- subjects. The plasma Aβ40 level of the subjects who were PiB+ was negatively correlated with brain amyloid deposition. In addition, the plasma tau level was negatively correlated with cortical thickness in both the PiB+ and PiB- subjects. Moreover, cortical thickness was negatively correlated with brain amyloid deposition in the PiB+ subjects. In addition, the cut-off point of plasma tau for differentiating between controls and AD was higher in the PiB- group than in the PiB+ group (37.5 versus 25.6 pg/ml, respectively). Lastly, ApoE4 increased the PiB+ rate in the aMCI and control groups. Conclusion: The contributions of brain amyloid deposition to cortical atrophy are spatially distinct. Plasma Aβ40 might be a protective indicator of less brain amyloid deposition and cortical atrophy. It takes more tau pathology to reach the same level of cognitive decline in subjects without brain amyloid deposition, and ApoE4 plays an early role in amyloid pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Fan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Tzen
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Lai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruoh-Fang Yen
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yao Huang
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyng-Yann Shiue
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Edler MK, Sherwood CC, Meindl RS, Hopkins WD, Ely JJ, Erwin JM, Mufson EJ, Hof PR, Raghanti MA. Aged chimpanzees exhibit pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 59:107-120. [PMID: 28888720 PMCID: PMC6343147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a uniquely human brain disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) into extracellular plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) made from intracellular, abnormally phosphorylated tau, and selective neuronal loss. We analyzed a large group of aged chimpanzees (n = 20, age 37-62 years) for evidence of Aβ and tau lesions in brain regions affected by AD in humans. Aβ was observed in plaques and blood vessels, and tau lesions were found in the form of pretangles, NFT, and tau-immunoreactive neuritic clusters. Aβ deposition was higher in vessels than in plaques and correlated with increases in tau lesions, suggesting that amyloid build-up in the brain's microvasculature precedes plaque formation in chimpanzees. Age was correlated to greater volumes of Aβ plaques and vessels. Tangle pathology was observed in individuals that exhibited plaques and moderate or severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a condition in which amyloid accumulates in the brain's vasculature. Amyloid and tau pathology in aged chimpanzees suggests these AD lesions are not specific to the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Edler
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard S Meindl
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - William D Hopkins
- Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joseph M Erwin
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Departments of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; New York Consortium for Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Ann Raghanti
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA; Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Ginsberg SD, Malek-Ahmadi MH, Alldred MJ, Che S, Elarova I, Chen Y, Jeanneteau F, Kranz TM, Chao MV, Counts SE, Mufson EJ. Selective decline of neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor genes within CA1 pyramidal neurons and hippocampus proper: Correlation with cognitive performance and neuropathology in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Hippocampus 2017; 29:422-439. [PMID: 28888073 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, a major component of the medial temporal lobe memory circuit, are selectively vulnerable during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cellular mechanism(s) underlying degeneration of these neurons and the relationship to cognitive performance remains largely undefined. Here, we profiled neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor gene expression within microdissected CA1 neurons along with regional hippocampal dissections from subjects who died with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or AD using laser capture microdissection (LCM), custom-designed microarray analysis, and qPCR of CA1 subregional dissections. Gene expression levels were correlated with cognitive test scores and AD neuropathology criteria. We found a significant downregulation of several neurotrophin genes (e.g., Gdnf, Ngfb, and Ntf4) in CA1 pyramidal neurons in MCI compared to NCI and AD subjects. In addition, the neurotrophin receptor transcripts TrkB and TrkC were decreased in MCI and AD compared to NCI. Regional hippocampal dissections also revealed select neurotrophic gene dysfunction providing evidence for vulnerability within the hippocampus proper during the progression of dementia. Downregulation of several neurotrophins of the NGF family and cognate neurotrophin receptor (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) genes correlated with antemortem cognitive measures including the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), a composite global cognitive score (GCS), and Episodic, Semantic, and Working Memory, Perceptual Speed, and Visuospatial domains. Significant correlations were found between select neurotrophic expression downregulation and neuritic plaques (NPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), but not diffuse plaques (DPs). These data suggest that dysfunction of neurotrophin signaling complexes have profound negative sequelae within vulnerable hippocampal cell types, which play a role in mnemonic and executive dysfunction during the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.,Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Shaoli Che
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Irina Elarova
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York
| | | | - Freddy Jeanneteau
- Inserm, U1191, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, F-34000, France.,CNRS, UMR-5203, Montpellier, F-34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - Thorsten M Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.,Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Moses V Chao
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.,Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
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Malek-Ahmadi M, Mufson EJ, Perez SE, Chen K. Statistical considerations for assessing cognition and neuropathology associations in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24709360.2017.1342186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elliott J. Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sylvia E. Perez
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Malek-Ahmadi M, Lu S, Chan Y, Perez SE, Chen K, Mufson EJ. Cognitive Domain Dispersion Association with Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:575-583. [PMID: 28453479 PMCID: PMC6314665 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Within neuropsychology, the term dispersion refers to the degree of variation in performance between different cognitive domains for an individual. Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitively normal individuals with higher dispersion are at an increased risk for progressing to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, we determined 1) whether increased dispersion in older adults was associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and 2) whether increased cognitive dispersion accurately differentiated MCI and AD from non-cognitively impaired (NCI) individuals. The intra-subject standard deviation (ISD) was used to quantify cognitive dispersion, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis determined whether ISD differentiated MCI and AD from NCI. Neuropathological scores for diffuse plaques (DPs), neuritic plaques (NPs), and NFTs were used as outcome measures in a series of negative binomial regression models. Regression analyses found that increased ISD was associated with increased NFT pathology (β= 10.93, SE = 3.82, p = 0.004), but not with DPs (β= 1.33, SE = 8.85, p = 0.88) or NPs (β= 14.64, SE = 8.45, p = 0.08) after adjusting for age at death, gender, education, APOE ɛ4 status, and clinical diagnosis. An interaction term of ISD with age at death also showed a significant negative association (β= -0.13, SE = 0.04, p = 0.004), revealing an age-dependent association between ISD with NFTs. The ISD failed to show an acceptable level of diagnostic accuracy for MCI (AUC = 0.60). These findings suggest that increased cognitive dispersion is related to NFT pathology where age significantly affects this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Lu
- Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA
| | | | - Sylvia E. Perez
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elliott J. Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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45
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Mufson EJ, Ikonomovic MD, Counts SE, Perez SE, Malek-Ahmadi M, Scheff SW, Ginsberg SD. Molecular and cellular pathophysiology of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:54-69. [PMID: 27185734 PMCID: PMC4931948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), senile plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau, have been studied extensively in postmortem AD and relevant animal and cellular models, the pathogenesis of AD remains unknown, particularly in the early stages of the disease where therapies presumably would be most effective. We and others have demonstrated that Aβ plaques and NFTs are present in varying degrees before the onset and throughout the progression of dementia. In this regard, aged people with no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, a presumed prodromal AD transitional state, and AD all present at autopsy with varying levels of pathological hallmarks. Cognitive decline, a requisite for the clinical diagnosis of dementia associated with AD, generally correlates better with NFTs than Aβ plaques. However, correlations are even higher between cognitive decline and synaptic loss. In this review, we illustrate relevant clinical pathological research in preclinical AD and throughout the progression of dementia in several areas including Aβ and tau pathobiology, single population expression profiling of vulnerable hippocampal and basal forebrain neurons, neuroplasticity, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker studies and their correlation with antemortem cognitive endpoints. In each of these areas, we provide evidence for the importance of studying the pathological hallmarks of AD not in isolation, but rather in conjunction with other molecular, cellular, and imaging markers to provide a more systematic and comprehensive assessment of the multiple changes that occur during the transition from NCI to MCI to frank AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J Mufson
- Departments of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Hauenstien Neuroscience Institute, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Departments of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - Stephen W Scheff
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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