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Leng F, Hinz R, Gentleman S, Dani M, Brooks DJ, Edison P. Combined Neuroinflammation and Amyloid PET Markers in Predicting Disease Progression in Cognitively Impaired Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD230442. [PMID: 39031352 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease is known as an important process in the disease, yet how microglial activation affects disease progression remains unclear. Objective The current study aims to interrogate the predictive value of neuroinflammation biomarker (11C-PBR28 PET), together with A/T/N imaging markers on disease deterioration in a cognitively impaired patient cohort. Methods The study included 6 AD and 27 MCI patients, who had MRI, 11C-PBR28, 18F-flutemetamol (amyloid marker), 18F-AV1451 (tau marker) PET scans, and were followed up with multiple neuropsychological assessments for at least one year (1.6 and 2.8 years on average for AD and MCI). The predictive values of imaging biomarkers on baseline and longitudinal cognition were interrogated using linear regression to identify the biomarkers that could explain disease progression. Results Linear mixed models found the average intercepts (baseline) MMSE were 23.5 for AD and 28.2 for MCI patients, and the slope of MMSE (annual change) were -0.74 for AD and -0.52 for MCI patients. White matter microstructural integrity was predictive of baseline cognition, while PET markers of amyloid, tau and neuroinflammation were predictive of longitudinal cognitive decline. Both amyloid and neuroinflammation PET markers were predictors independent of each other. And a sub-group analysis showed the predictive effect of neuroinflammation on cognitive decline is independent of amyloid and tau. Conclusions Our study highlights the prognostic value of disease specific markers (amyloid, tau and neuroinflammation) in clinically diagnosed AD and MCI patients and suggests that the effects of these molecular markers are mediated by structural damage to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Leng
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
| | - Steve Gentleman
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Dani
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Edison
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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2
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Amir A, Shahid M, Farooq Khan S, Nisar U, Faizi S, Usman Simjee S. Nicotinic acid modulates microglial TREM-2 gene in Phytohaemagglutinin-Induced in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease like pathology. Brain Res 2024; 1824:148686. [PMID: 38008243 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial,neurodegenerative disorder linked withextracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques deposition and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Currently, no effective therapies are available to cure AD. Neuroinflammation isa well-known hallmark in the onset and advancement of AD and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM-2), a microglial gene, is responsible for regulating inflammatory responses and clearance of cellular debris. Loss of TREM-2functionincreases neuroinflammation associated expression of pro-inflammatory markersthus resultingin reduced clearance of Aβ that further aid in disease progression.Therefore, targeting neuroinflammation is a good therapeutic approach for AD. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of nicotinic acid (NA) in vitro model of AD-like pathology induced in F-98 cell line using Phytohemagglutinin (PHA). MTT assay was employed for checking the cell viability as well as the proliferation of the cells following treatment with NA. PHA at the concentration of 10 μg/mL produces maximum plaques. The neuroprotective effect of NA was next evaluated against PHA-induced plaques and it was observed that NA reverses the damages induced by PHA i.e., by inhibiting the clustering of the cells and replacing the damaged cells with the new ones. Further, NA also increased the expression of TREM-2/DAP-12 with parallel decreased in the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS. It also successfully altered disease associated ADAM-10 and BACE-1 compared to PHA control. These findings suggest that NA might be considered as a good therapeutic candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Amir
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Maha Shahid
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sarosh Farooq Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Nisar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Shabana Usman Simjee
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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3
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Fu Y, Gong C, Zhu C, Zhong W, Guo J, Chen B. Research trends and hotspots of neuropathic pain in neurodegenerative diseases: a bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182411. [PMID: 37503342 PMCID: PMC10369061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain is caused by a neurological injury or disease and can have a significant impact on people's daily lives. Studies have shown that neuropathic pain is commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, there has been a lot of literature on the relationship between neuropathic pain and neurodegenerative diseases. However, bibliometrics is rarely used in analyzing the general aspects of studies on neuropathic pain in neurodegenerative diseases. Methods The bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to analyze the knowledge graph of 387 studies in the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection Database. Results We obtained 2,036 documents through the search, leaving 387 documents after culling. 387 documents were used for the data analysis. The data analysis showed that 330 papers related to neuropathic pain in neurodegenerative diseases were published from 2007-2022, accounting for 85.27% of all published literature. In terms of contributions to the scientific study of neuropathic pain, the United States is in the top tier, with the highest number of publications, citations, and H-indexes. Conclusion The findings in our study may provide researchers with useful information about research trends, frontiers, and cooperative institutions. Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease are the three most studied neurodegenerative diseases. Among the pathological basis of neurodegenerative diseases, microglia-regulated neuroinflammation is a hot research topic. Deep brain stimulation and gamma knife radiosurgery are two popular treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiabao Guo
- *Correspondence: Binglin Chen, ; Jiabao Guo,
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Valles SL, Singh SK, Campos-Campos J, Colmena C, Campo-Palacio I, Alvarez-Gamez K, Caballero O, Jorda A. Functions of Astrocytes under Normal Conditions and after a Brain Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098434. [PMID: 37176144 PMCID: PMC10179527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS) there are a greater number of glial cells than neurons (between five and ten times more). Furthermore, they have a greater number of functions (more than eight functions). Glia comprises different types of cells, those of neural origin (astrocytes, radial glia, and oligodendroglia) and differentiated blood monocytes (microglia). During ontogeny, neurons develop earlier (at fetal day 15 in the rat) and astrocytes develop later (at fetal day 21 in the rat), which could indicate their important and crucial role in the CNS. Analysis of the phylogeny reveals that reptiles have a lower number of astrocytes compared to neurons and in humans this is reversed, as there have a greater number of astrocytes compared to neurons. These data perhaps imply that astrocytes are important and special cells, involved in many vital functions, including memory, and learning processes. In addition, astrocytes are involved in different mechanisms that protect the CNS through the production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins and they clean the extracellular environment and help neurons to communicate correctly with each other. The production of inflammatory mediators is important to prevent changes in brain homeostasis. On the contrary, excessive, or continued production appears as a characteristic element in many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and in neurodevelopmental diseases, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. Furthermore, different drugs and techniques have been developed to reverse oxidative stress and/or excess of inflammation that occurs in many CNS diseases, but much remains to be investigated. This review attempts to highlight the functional relevance of astrocytes in normal and neuropathological conditions by showing the molecular and cellular mechanisms of their role in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya L Valles
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Juan Campos-Campos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Colmena
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Campo-Palacio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kenia Alvarez-Gamez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Caballero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrian Jorda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Samartsev IN, Zhivolupov SA, Gorbatenkova OV, Ponomarev VV, Butakova JS. [Biomarkers of neuroinflammation in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia during the therapy with vinpocetine (study INFLAMARK)]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:50-58. [PMID: 38147382 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312312150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of vinpocetine therapy on clinical manifestations of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) and the blood concentrations of neuroinflammation markers (S100B, IL-1β). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 30 patients (mean age 61.6 [56.9; 67.9] years) with CCI that received vinpocetine (30 mg/day) for 3 months. Brain changes according to magnetic resonance imaging data were assessed using the STRIVE protocol. We analyzed the dynamics of changes in the clinical questionnaires: Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Asthenic State Scale (ASS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), general impressions of treatment (Global Rating of Change Scale, GRC). RESULTS In 3 months after vinpocetine therapy there was a significant improvement in cognitive status (MoCA: 25.1±2.1 vs 26.6±1.4 p<0.05), emotional state (HADS: 8.4±1.4 vs 7.1±1.8 (p<0.05)), daytime sleep parameters (ESS 8.4±2.1 vs 6.2±2.3 p<0.05) and reduction in asthenia (ASS: 72.2±18.1 vs 52.3±9.3, p<0.05). A significantly larger proportion of patients assessed the improvement from therapy as «moderate» and «pronounced» (GRC, n=22, 73.3%). Concentrations of S100B and IL-1β decreased significantly by the time therapy was completed. The overall severity of cerebrovascular changes according to MRI was significantly associated with blood levels of S100β, but not IL-1β: β=0.504, p=0.026, 95% CI 0.149-0.901, mainly due to periventricular changes in white matter (β=0.562, p=0.035, 95% CI (-0.024-0.820). Blood levels of S100β correlated with MoCA test results (r=0.6795), and IL-1β correlated with ESS scores (r=0. 6657). CONCLUSIONS The use of vinpocetine can significantly reduce the severity of cognitive and affective disorders, asthenia, normalize the circadian rhythm of sleep, suppress the expression S100β and IL-1β in patients with CCI. One of the vinpocetine's mechanisms of action may be the inhibition of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Samartsev
- Kirov Military medical academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | - J S Butakova
- Novodvinsk Central City Hospital, Novodvinsk, Russia
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6
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The Role of Epigenetics in Neuroinflammatory-Driven Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315218. [PMID: 36499544 PMCID: PMC9740629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of central and/or peripheral nervous system neurons. Within this context, neuroinflammation comes up as one of the main factors linked to neurodegeneration progression. In fact, neuroinflammation has been recognized as an outstanding factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, neuroinflammatory diseases are characterized by dramatic changes in the epigenetic profile, which might provide novel prognostic and therapeutic factors towards neuroinflammatory treatment. Deep changes in DNA and histone methylation, along with histone acetylation and altered non-coding RNA expression, have been reported at the onset of inflammatory diseases. The aim of this work is to review the current knowledge on this field.
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Huang J. Novel brain PET imaging agents: Strategies for imaging neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010946. [PMID: 36211392 PMCID: PMC9537554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with a concealed onset and continuous deterioration. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the prodromal stage of AD. Molecule-based imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) is critical in tracking pathophysiological changes among AD and MCI patients. PET with novel targets is a promising approach for diagnostic imaging, particularly in AD patients. Our present review overviews the current status and applications of in vivo molecular imaging toward neuroinflammation. Although radiotracers can remarkably diagnose AD and MCI patients, a variety of limitations prevent the recommendation of a single technique. Recent studies examining neuroinflammation PET imaging suggest an alternative approach to evaluate disease progression. This review concludes that PET imaging towards neuroinflammation is considered a promising approach to deciphering the enigma of the pathophysiological process of AD and MCI.
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Rauchmann B, Brendel M, Franzmeier N, Trappmann L, Zaganjori M, Ersoezlue E, Morenas‐Rodriguez E, Guersel S, Burow L, Kurz C, Haeckert J, Tatò M, Utecht J, Papazov B, Pogarell O, Janowitz D, Buerger K, Ewers M, Palleis C, Weidinger E, Biechele G, Schuster S, Finze A, Eckenweber F, Rupprecht R, Rominger A, Goldhardt O, Grimmer T, Keeser D, Stoecklein S, Dietrich O, Bartenstein P, Levin J, Höglinger G, Perneczky R. Microglial activation and connectivity in Alzheimer's disease and aging. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:768-781. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.26465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris‐Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital LMU Munich Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Lena Trappmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Mirlind Zaganjori
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Ersin Ersoezlue
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Estrella Morenas‐Rodriguez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Selim Guersel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Carolin Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Jan Haeckert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics University of Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg Augsburg Germany
| | - Maia Tatò
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Julia Utecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Radiology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Carla Palleis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich Germany
| | - Endy Weidinger
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Gloria Biechele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Sebastian Schuster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Anika Finze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University of Bern, Inselspital Bern Switzerland
| | - Oliver Goldhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Radiology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital LMU Munich Germany
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- Department of Radiology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Olaf Dietrich
- Department of Radiology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich Germany
| | - Günter Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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Pan R, Luo S, Huang Q, Li W, Cai T, Lai K, Shi X. The Associations of Cerebrospinal Fluid Ferritin with Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1115-1125. [PMID: 35754266 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has suggested that iron accumulation plays an important role in the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the potential mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the associations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ferritin, an indicator for brain iron load, with neurodegenerative and inflammatory changes in AD. METHODS The study involved 302 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). They were classified as normal controls (A-T-N-, n = 48), AD continuum (A+TN-, n = 46; A+TN+, n = 166), and suspected non-AD pathology (A-TN+, n = 42), according to the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) system. Group comparisons of CSF ferritin among groups were performed using one-way ANOVA. Linear regression models were used to test the relationships between CSF ferritin and cognitive assessments, and the associations between CSF ferritin and other biomarkers, respectively. RESULTS We found that CSF ferritin showed significant differences among the ATN groups, with higher concentration in more advanced categories (A+TN+). Furthermore, CSF ferritin level was independently related to cognitive performance (MMSE, ADAS-Cog13, and ADNI-mem). Linear regression analysis indicated positive relationships between CSF ferritin and phosphorylated tau and total tau, rather than Aβ42. Significant associations were revealed between CSF ferritin and inflammatory proteins, including TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, ICAM1, VCAM1, TGF-β1, IL-9, and IP-10, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results provide new insight into iron dysfunction in AD pathology and highlight elevated brain iron as a possible mechanism of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation along AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- School of Nursing, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Foreign Languages, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Cai
- School of Medicine and Medical Laboratory Science, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Kelin Lai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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10
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Benmelouka AY, Ouerdane Y, Outani O, Alnasser YT, Alghamdi BS, Perveen A, Ashraf GM, Ebada MA. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Psychosis: An Overview of Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Current Treatment. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:285-301. [PMID: 35440308 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220418151914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and psychotic manifestations, including aggression, delusions, and hallucinations, are frequent comorbidities in patients with debilitating nervous illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. AD-related psychosis may be linked to a poor disease prognosis, highlighting that early detection and management are mandatory. The manifestations are variable and may be very heterogeneous, imposing a real diagnostic issue. Some assessment tools such as BEHAVE-AD, CERAD-BRSD, and the Psycho-Sensory Hallucinations Scale have been designed to facilitate the diagnosis. The mechanisms behind neurodegeneration-related psychosis are complex and are not fully understood, imposing a burden on researchers to find appropriate management modalities. Familial history and some genetic disturbances may have a determinant role in these delusions and hallucinations in cases with AD. The loss of neuronal cells, atrophy in some regions of the central nervous, and synaptic dysfunction may also contribute to these comorbidities. Furthermore, inflammatory disturbances triggered by pro-inflammatory agents such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factors are stratified among the potential risk factors of the onset of numerous psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's patients. Little is known about the possible management tools; therefore, it is urgent to conduct well-designed trials to investigate pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that can improve the care process of these patients. This review summarizes the current findings regarding the AD-related psychosis symptoms, pathological features, assessment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oumaima Outani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed 5 University
| | | | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.,Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Ebada
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al-Sharkia.,Internal Medicine Resident, Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt, Cairo
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11
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Chételat G. How to use neuroimaging biomarkers in the diagnosis framework of neurodegenerative diseases? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022; 178:490-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gouilly D, Saint-Aubert L, Ribeiro MJ, Salabert AS, Tauber C, Péran P, Arlicot N, Pariente J, Payoux P. Neuroinflammation PET imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO) in Alzheimer's disease: an update. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1322-1343. [PMID: 35083791 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Until now, PET imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO) has been widely used to depict the neuroimmune endophenotype of AD. The aim of this review was to provide an update to the results from 2018 and to advance the characterization of the biological basis of TSPO imaging in AD by re-examining TSPO function and expression and the methodological aspects of interest. Although the biological basis of the TSPO PET signal is obviously related to microglia and astrocytes in AD, the observed process remains uncertain and might not be directly related to neuroinflammation. Further studies are required to re-examine the cellular significance underlying a variation in the PET signal in AD and how it can be impacted by a disease-modifying treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Gouilly
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Laure Saint-Aubert
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Maria-Joao Ribeiro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU, Tours, France.,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, CHRU, Tours, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salabert
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Patrice Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Nicolas Arlicot
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, CHRU, Tours, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.,Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU, Toulouse, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations (CIC1436), CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU, Toulouse, France
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Leng F, Edison P. Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here? Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:157-172. [PMID: 33318676 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-00435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1227] [Impact Index Per Article: 409.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease, estimated to contribute 60-70% of all cases of dementia worldwide. According to the prevailing amyloid cascade hypothesis, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is the initiating event in AD, although evidence is accumulating that this hypothesis is insufficient to explain many aspects of AD pathogenesis. The discovery of increased levels of inflammatory markers in patients with AD and the identification of AD risk genes associated with innate immune functions suggest that neuroinflammation has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of AD. In this Review, we discuss the interrelationships between neuroinflammation and amyloid and tau pathologies as well as the effect of neuroinflammation on the disease trajectory in AD. We specifically focus on microglia as major players in neuroinflammation and discuss the spatial and temporal variations in microglial phenotypes that are observed under different conditions. We also consider how these cells could be modulated as a therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Leng
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Paul Edison
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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Toppala S, Ekblad LL, Tuisku J, Helin S, Johansson JJ, Laine H, Löyttyniemi E, Marjamäki P, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Jula A, Viitanen M, Rinne JO. Association of Early β-Amyloid Accumulation and Neuroinflammation Measured With [ 11C]PBR28 in Elderly Individuals Without Dementia. Neurology 2021; 96:e1608-e1619. [PMID: 33514647 PMCID: PMC8032368 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine whether early β–amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and metabolic risk factors are associated with neuroinflammation in elderly individuals without dementia. Methods We examined 54 volunteers (mean age 70.0 years, 56% women, 51% APOE ɛ4 carriers) with the translocator protein (TSPO) tracer [11C]PBR28 to assess neuroinflammation and with [11C] Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) to assess cerebral Aβ accumulation. [11C]PBR28 and [11C]PiB standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were quantified in 6 regions of interests by using the cerebellar cortex as a pseudo-reference and reference region, respectively. Fasting venous glucose, insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) values were determined. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. A subset of individuals (n = 11) underwent CSF sampling, and Aβ40, Aβ42, total tau, phospho-tau, soluble TREM2, and YKL-40 levels were measured. Results Among the whole study group, no significant association was found between [11C]PiB and [11C]PBR28 SUVR composite scores (slope 0.02, p = 0.30). However, higher [11C]PiB binding was associated with higher [11C]PBR28 binding among amyloid-negative ([11C]PiB composite score ≤1.5) (TSPO genotype–, age- and sex-adjusted slope 0.26, p = 0.008) but not among amyloid-positive (slope −0.004, p = 0.88) participants. Higher CSF soluble TREM2 (rs = 0.72, p = 0.01) and YKL-40 (rs = 0.63, p = 0.04) concentrations were associated with a higher [11C]PBR28 composite score. Higher body mass index, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP were associated with higher [11C]PBR28 binding in brain regions where Aβ accumulation is first detected in Alzheimer disease. Conclusions While there was no association between amyloid and neuroinflammation in the overall study group, neuroinflammation was associated with amyloid among the subgroup at early stages of amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Toppala
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Laura L Ekblad
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jouni Tuisku
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jarkko J Johansson
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Hanna Laine
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Päivi Marjamäki
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Kaj Blennow
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Matti Viitanen
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
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Fluid Candidate Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: A Precision Medicine Approach. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040221. [PMID: 33187336 PMCID: PMC7712586 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of dynamic pathophysiological mechanisms underpins highly heterogeneous phenotypes in the field of dementia, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In such a faceted scenario, a biomarker-guided approach, through the implementation of specific fluid biomarkers individually reflecting distinct molecular pathways in the brain, may help establish a proper clinical diagnosis, even in its preclinical stages. Recently, ultrasensitive assays may detect different neurodegenerative mechanisms in blood earlier. ß-amyloid (Aß) peptides, phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and neurofilament light chain (NFL) measured in blood are gaining momentum as candidate biomarkers for AD. P-tau is currently the more convincing plasma biomarker for the diagnostic workup of AD. The clinical role of plasma Aβ peptides should be better elucidated with further studies that also compare the accuracy of the different ultrasensitive techniques. Blood NFL is promising as a proxy of neurodegeneration process tout court. Protein misfolding amplification assays can accurately detect α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thus representing advancement in the pathologic stratification of AD. In CSF, neurogranin and YKL-40 are further candidate biomarkers tracking synaptic disruption and neuroinflammation, which are additional key pathophysiological pathways related to AD genesis. Advanced statistical analysis using clinical scores and biomarker data to bring together individuals with AD from large heterogeneous cohorts into consistent clusters may promote the discovery of pathophysiological causes and detection of tailored treatments.
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Huang KL, Hsiao IT, Ho MY, Hsu JL, Chang YJ, Chang TY, Liu CH, Chang CH, Wu YM, Wu KY, Wey SP, Yen TC, Okamura N, Lee TH, Lin KJ. Investigation of reactive astrogliosis effect on post-stroke cognitive impairment. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:308. [PMID: 33069238 PMCID: PMC7568828 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) severity and reactive astrogliosis (RA) extent on normalized 18F-THK-5351 positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging in amyloid-negative patients with first-ever stroke. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 63 amyloid-negative patients with first-ever stroke. Neurocognitive evaluation, MRI, 18F-THK-5351, and 18F-florbetapir PET were performed around 3 months after stroke. The 18F-THK-5351 uptake intensity was normalized using a signal distribution template to obtain the Z-SUM scores as the RA extent in the whole brain and cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to stroke lesion. We evaluated stroke volume, leukoaraiosis, and brain atrophy on MRI. We used a comprehensive neurocognitive battery to obtain composite cognitive scores, and defined PSCI as a general cognitive function score < - 1. We analyzed the influence of Z-SUM scores on PSCI severity after adjusting for demographic, vascular, and neurodegenerative variables. RESULTS Twenty-five of 63 stroke patients had PSCI. Patients with PSCI had older age, lower education, and more severe cortical atrophy and total Z-SUM scores. Total Z-SUM scores were significantly associated with general cognitive and executive functions at multiple regression models. Path analyses showed that stroke can exert cognitive influence directly by stroke itself as well as indirectly through RA, including total and ipsilateral Z-SUM scores, in patients with either right or left hemisphere stroke. CONCLUSION The patterns and intensity of 18F-THK-5351 uptake in amyloid-negative patients with first-ever stroke were associated with PSCI manifestations, which suggests that RA presents a modulating effect in PSCI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Lun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yang Ho
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Department of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine and Research Center for Brain and Consciousness, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Jhy Chang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Liu
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Wu
- Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiaw-Pyng Wey
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Neuro-imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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17
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Brosseron F, Kleemann K, Kolbe CC, Santarelli F, Castro-Gomez S, Tacik P, Latz E, Jessen F, Heneka MT. Interrelations of Alzheimer´s disease candidate biomarkers neurogranin, fatty acid-binding protein 3 and ferritin to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. J Neurochem 2020; 157:2210-2224. [PMID: 32894885 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that promising biomarkers of inflammation in Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases correlate strongest to levels of tau or neurofilament, indicating an inflammatory response to neuronal damage or death. To test this hypothesis, we investigated three AD candidate markers (ferritin, fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP-3), and neurogranin) in interrelation to established AD and inflammatory protein markers. We further aimed to determine if such interrelations would be evident in pathological subjects only or also under non-pathological circumstances. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the three proteins were quantified in samples from the University Clinic of Bonn (UKB) Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases & Geriatric Psychiatry, Germany. Data were analyzed based on clinical or biomarker-defined stratification of subjects with adjustment for covariates age, sex, and APOE status. Levels of ferritin, FABP-3 and neurogranin were elevated in subjects with pathological levels of t-tau independent of beta-amyloid status. The three markers correlated with each other, tau isoforms, age, and those inflammatory markers previously described as related to neurodegeneration, predominantly sTREM2, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), and C1q. These interrelations existed in subjects with pathological and sub-pathological tau levels, in particular for FABP-3 and neurogranin. Relations to ferritin were independent of absolute levels of tau, too, but showed differing trajectories between pathological and non-pathological subjects. A specific set of inflammatory markers is highly related to markers of neuronal damage such as tau, neurogranin, or FABP-3. These proteins could be used as readouts of the inflammatory response during the neurodegeneration phase of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases & Geropsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Francesco Santarelli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases & Geropsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergio Castro-Gomez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases & Geropsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pawel Tacik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases & Geropsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Innate Immune, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases & Geropsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Low A, Mak E, Malpetti M, Passamonti L, Nicastro N, Stefaniak JD, Savulich G, Chouliaras L, Su L, Rowe JB, Markus HS, O'Brien JT. In vivo neuroinflammation and cerebral small vessel disease in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 92:jnnp-2020-323894. [PMID: 32917821 PMCID: PMC7803899 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Associations between cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and inflammation have been largely examined using peripheral blood markers of inflammation, with few studies measuring inflammation within the brain. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between SVD and in vivo neuroinflammation using [11C]PK11195 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. METHODS Forty-two participants were recruited (according to NIA-AA guidelines, 14 healthy controls, 14 mild Alzheimer's disease, 14 amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment). Neuroinflammation was assessed using [11C]PK11195 PET imaging, a marker of microglial activation. To quantify SVD, we assessed white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds and lacunes. Composite scores were calculated for global SVD burden, and SVD subtypes of hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). General linear models examined associations between SVD and [11C]PK11195, adjusting for sex, age, education, cognition, scan interval, and corrected for multiple comparisons via false discovery rate (FDR). Dominance analysis directly compared the relative importance of hypertensive arteriopathy and CAA scores as predictors of [11C]PK11195. RESULTS Global [11C]PK11195 binding was associated with SVD markers, particularly in regions typical of hypertensive arteriopathy: deep microbleeds (β=0.63, F(1,35)=35.24, p<0.001), deep WMH (β=0.59, t=4.91, p<0.001). In dominance analysis, hypertensive arteriopathy score outperformed CAA in predicting [11C]PK11195 binding globally and in 28 out of 37 regions of interest, especially the medial temporal lobe (β=0.66-0.76, t=3.90-5.58, FDR-corrected p (pFDR)=<0.001-0.002) and orbitofrontal cortex (β=0.51-0.57, t=3.53-4.30, pFDR=0.001-0.004). CONCLUSION Microglial activation is associated with SVD, particularly with the hypertensive arteriopathy subtype of SVD. Although further research is needed to determine causality, our study suggests that targeting neuroinflammation might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for SVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Low
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elijah Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Nicastro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James D Stefaniak
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - George Savulich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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19
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Eckenweber F, Medina-Luque J, Blume T, Sacher C, Biechele G, Wind K, Deussing M, Briel N, Lindner S, Boening G, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Unterrainer M, Albert NL, Zwergal A, Levin J, Bartenstein P, Cumming P, Rominger A, Höglinger GU, Herms J, Brendel M. Longitudinal TSPO expression in tau transgenic P301S mice predicts increased tau accumulation and deteriorated spatial learning. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:208. [PMID: 32660586 PMCID: PMC7358201 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P301S tau transgenic mice show age-dependent accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brainstem, hippocampus, and neocortex, leading to neuronal loss and cognitive deterioration. However, there is hitherto only sparse documentation of the role of neuroinflammation in tau mouse models. Thus, we analyzed longitudinal microglial activation by small animal 18 kDa translocator protein positron-emission-tomography (TSPO μPET) imaging in vivo, in conjunction with terminal assessment of tau pathology, spatial learning, and cerebral glucose metabolism. METHODS Transgenic P301S (n = 33) and wild-type (n = 18) female mice were imaged by 18F-GE-180 TSPO μPET at the ages of 1.9, 3.9, and 6.4 months. We conducted behavioral testing in the Morris water maze, 18F-fluordesoxyglucose (18F-FDG) μPET, and AT8 tau immunohistochemistry at 6.3-6.7 months. Terminal microglial immunohistochemistry served for validation of TSPO μPET results in vivo, applying target regions in the brainstem, cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. We compared the results with our historical data in amyloid-β mouse models. RESULTS TSPO expression in all target regions of P301S mice increased exponentially from 1.9 to 6.4 months, leading to significant differences in the contrasts with wild-type mice at 6.4 months (+ 11-23%, all p < 0.001), but the apparent microgliosis proceeded more slowly than in our experience in amyloid-β mouse models. Spatial learning and glucose metabolism of AT8-positive P301S mice were significantly impaired at 6.3-6.5 months compared to the wild-type group. Longitudinal increases in TSPO expression predicted greater tau accumulation and lesser spatial learning performance at 6.3-6.7 months. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of TSPO expression as a surrogate of microglial activation in P301S tau transgenic mice by μPET indicates a delayed time course when compared to amyloid-β mouse models. Detrimental associations of microglial activation with outcome parameters are opposite to earlier data in amyloid-β mouse models. The contribution of microglial response to pathology accompanying amyloid-β and tau over-expression merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Medina-Luque
- Center of Neuropathology and Prion Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Center of Neuropathology and Prion Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Gloria Biechele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Wind
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deussing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Briel
- Center of Neuropathology and Prion Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Boening
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Zwergal
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, DSGZ, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Psychology and Counselling and IHBI, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center of Neuropathology and Prion Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany.
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20
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Park YH, Shin SJ, Kim HS, Hong SB, Kim S, Nam Y, Kim JJ, Lim K, Kim JS, Kim JI, Jeon SG, Moon M. Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Type Docosahexaenoic Acid Protects against Aβ-Mediated Mitochondrial Deficits and Pathomechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease-Related Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113879. [PMID: 32486013 PMCID: PMC7312360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that damage to the mitochondria affects the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and that mitochondrial dysfunction is improved by omega-3. However, no animal or cell model studies have confirmed whether omega-3 inhibits AD pathology related to mitochondria deficits. In this study, we aimed to (1) identify mitigating effects of endogenous omega-3 on mitochondrial deficits and AD pathology induced by amyloid beta (Aβ) in fat-1 mice, a transgenic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-producing animal; (2) identify if docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) improves mitochondrial deficits induced by Aβ in HT22 cells; and (3) verify improvement effects of DHA administration on mitochondrial deficits and AD pathology in B6SJL-Tg(APPSwFlLon,PSEN1*M146L*L286V)6799Vas/Mmjax (5XFAD), a transgenic Aβ-overexpressing model. We found that omega-3 PUFAs significantly improved Aβ-induced mitochondrial pathology in fat-1 mice. In addition, our in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate that DHA attenuated AD-associated pathologies, such as mitochondrial impairment, Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ho Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Soo Jung Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hyeon soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Sang Bum Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Jwa-Jin Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Kyu Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Jin-il Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-i.K.); (S.G.J.); (M.M.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3755 (J.-i.K.); +82-42-600-6450 (S.G.J.); +82-42-600-8694 (M.M.)
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-i.K.); (S.G.J.); (M.M.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3755 (J.-i.K.); +82-42-600-6450 (S.G.J.); +82-42-600-8694 (M.M.)
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.-i.K.); (S.G.J.); (M.M.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3755 (J.-i.K.); +82-42-600-6450 (S.G.J.); +82-42-600-8694 (M.M.)
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21
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Biessels GJ, Nobili F, Teunissen CE, Simó R, Scheltens P. Understanding multifactorial brain changes in type 2 diabetes: a biomarker perspective. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:699-710. [PMID: 32445622 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
People with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), as well as subtle forms of cognitive dysfunction. Current diabetes guidelines recommend screening for cognitive impairment in groups at high risk and providing guidance for diabetes management in patients with diabetes and cognitive impairment. Yet, no disease-modifying treatment is available and important questions remain about the mechanisms underlying diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. These mechanisms are likely to be multifactorial and different for subtle and more severe forms of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. Over the past years, research on dementia, brain ageing, diabetes, and vascular disease has identified novel biomarkers of specific dementia aetiologies, brain parenchymal injury, and cerebral blood flow and metabolism. These markers shed light on the processes underlying diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction, have clear applications in current research and increasingly in clinical diagnosis, and might ultimately guide targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Child and Mother Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Clinical Neurology Unit, IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Future avenues for Alzheimer's disease detection and therapy: liquid biopsy, intracellular signaling modulation, systems pharmacology drug discovery. Neuropharmacology 2020; 185:108081. [PMID: 32407924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
When Alzheimer's disease (AD) disease-modifying therapies will be available, global healthcare systems will be challenged by a large-scale demand for clinical and biological screening. Validation and qualification of globally accessible, minimally-invasive, and time-, cost-saving blood-based biomarkers need to be advanced. Novel pathophysiological mechanisms (and related candidate biomarkers) - including neuroinflammation pathways (TREM2 and YKL-40), axonal degeneration (neurofilament light chain protein), synaptic dysfunction (neurogranin, synaptotagmin, α-synuclein, and SNAP-25) - may be integrated into an expanding pathophysiological and biomarker matrix and, ultimately, integrated into a comprehensive blood-based liquid biopsy, aligned with the evolving ATN + classification system and the precision medicine paradigm. Liquid biopsy-based diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are increasingly employed in Oncology disease-modifying therapies and medical practice, showing an enormous potential for AD and other brain diseases as well. For AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, newly identified aberrant molecular pathways have been identified as suitable therapeutic targets and are currently investigated by academia/industry-led R&D programs, including the nerve-growth factor pathway in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, the sigma1 receptor, and the GTPases of the Rho family. Evidence for a clinical long-term effect on cognitive function and brain health span of cholinergic compounds, drug candidates for repositioning programs, and non-pharmacological multidomain interventions (nutrition, cognitive training, and physical activity) is developing as well. Ultimately, novel pharmacological paradigms, such as quantitative systems pharmacology-based integrative/explorative approaches, are gaining momentum to optimize drug discovery and accomplish effective pathway-based strategies for precision medicine. This article is part of the special issue on 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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23
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Hampel H, Caraci F, Cuello AC, Caruso G, Nisticò R, Corbo M, Baldacci F, Toschi N, Garaci F, Chiesa PA, Verdooner SR, Akman-Anderson L, Hernández F, Ávila J, Emanuele E, Valenzuela PL, Lucía A, Watling M, Imbimbo BP, Vergallo A, Lista S. A Path Toward Precision Medicine for Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:456. [PMID: 32296418 PMCID: PMC7137904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation commences decades before Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical onset and represents one of the earliest pathomechanistic alterations throughout the AD continuum. Large-scale genome-wide association studies point out several genetic variants—TREM2, CD33, PILRA, CR1, MS4A, CLU, ABCA7, EPHA1, and HLA-DRB5-HLA-DRB1—potentially linked to neuroinflammation. Most of these genes are involved in proinflammatory intracellular signaling, cytokines/interleukins/cell turnover, synaptic activity, lipid metabolism, and vesicle trafficking. Proteomic studies indicate that a plethora of interconnected aberrant molecular pathways, set off and perpetuated by TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, and the receptor protein TREM2, are involved in neuroinflammation. Microglia and astrocytes are key cellular drivers and regulators of neuroinflammation. Under physiological conditions, they are important for neurotransmission and synaptic homeostasis. In AD, there is a turning point throughout its pathophysiological evolution where glial cells sustain an overexpressed inflammatory response that synergizes with amyloid-β and tau accumulation, and drives synaptotoxicity and neurodegeneration in a self-reinforcing manner. Despite a strong therapeutic rationale, previous clinical trials investigating compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), did not achieve primary efficacy endpoints. It is conceivable that study design issues, including the lack of diagnostic accuracy and biomarkers for target population identification and proof of mechanism, may partially explain the negative outcomes. However, a recent meta-analysis indicates a potential biological effect of NSAIDs. In this regard, candidate fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation are under analytical/clinical validation, i.e., TREM2, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α receptor complexes, TGF-β, and YKL-40. PET radio-ligands are investigated to accomplish in vivo and longitudinal regional exploration of neuroinflammation. Biomarkers tracking different molecular pathways (body fluid matrixes) along with brain neuroinflammatory endophenotypes (neuroimaging markers), can untangle temporal–spatial dynamics between neuroinflammation and other AD pathophysiological mechanisms. Robust biomarker–drug codevelopment pipelines are expected to enrich large-scale clinical trials testing new-generation compounds active, directly or indirectly, on neuroinflammatory targets and displaying putative disease-modifying effects: novel NSAIDs, AL002 (anti-TREM2 antibody), anti-Aβ protofibrils (BAN2401), and AL003 (anti-CD33 antibody). As a next step, taking advantage of breakthrough and multimodal techniques coupled with a systems biology approach is the path to pursue for developing individualized therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammation under the framework of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC no. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Sorbonne University, GRC no. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France.,Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France.,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Radiology, "Athinoula A. Martinos" Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Casa di Cura "San Raffaele Cassino", Cassino, Italy
| | - Patrizia A Chiesa
- Sorbonne University, GRC no. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France.,Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France.,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Félix Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Lucía
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ("imas"), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Research & Development Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC no. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC no. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France.,Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France.,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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24
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Chandra A, Valkimadi PE, Pagano G, Cousins O, Dervenoulas G, Politis M. Applications of amyloid, tau, and neuroinflammation PET imaging to Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:5424-5442. [PMID: 31520513 PMCID: PMC6864887 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating and progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a prodromal stage of the disease. Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) allows for the in vivo visualisation and tracking of pathophysiological changes in AD and MCI. PET is a very promising methodology for differential diagnosis and novel targets of PET imaging might also serve as biomarkers for disease-modifying therapeutic interventions. This review provides an overview of the current status and applications of in vivo molecular imaging of AD pathology, specifically amyloid, tau, and microglial activation. PET imaging studies were included and evaluated as potential biomarkers and for monitoring disease progression. Although the majority of radiotracers showed the ability to discriminate AD and MCI patients from healthy controls, they had various limitations that prevent the recommendation of a single technique or tracer as an optimal biomarker. Newer research examining amyloid, tau, and microglial PET imaging in combination suggest an alternative approach in studying the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandra
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group (NIG), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), London, UK
| | - Polytimi-Eleni Valkimadi
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group (NIG), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), London, UK
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group (NIG), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), London, UK
| | - Oliver Cousins
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group (NIG), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), London, UK
| | - George Dervenoulas
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group (NIG), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), London, UK
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group (NIG), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), London, UK
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25
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Barrientos RM, Brunton PJ, Lenz KM, Pyter L, Spencer SJ. Neuroimmunology of the female brain across the lifespan: Plasticity to psychopathology. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:39-55. [PMID: 30872093 PMCID: PMC6591071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The female brain is highly dynamic and can fundamentally remodel throughout the normal ovarian cycle as well as in critical life stages including perinatal development, pregnancy and old-age. As such, females are particularly vulnerable to infections, psychological disorders, certain cancers, and cognitive impairments. We will present the latest evidence on the female brain; how it develops through the neonatal period; how it changes through the ovarian cycle in normal individuals; how it adapts to pregnancy and postpartum; how it responds to illness and disease, particularly cancer; and, finally, how it is shaped by old age. Throughout, we will highlight female vulnerability to and resilience against disease and dysfunction in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - P J Brunton
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, PR China
| | - K M Lenz
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - L Pyter
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - S J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3083, Australia.
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26
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Bennett JP, Keeney PM, Brohawn DG. RNA Sequencing Reveals Small and Variable Contributions of Infectious Agents to Transcriptomes of Postmortem Nervous Tissues From Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Subjects, and Increased Expression of Genes From Disease-Activated Microglia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:235. [PMID: 30983949 PMCID: PMC6447612 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous tissues from both humans with neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) and animals with genetic models of human NDD, such as rare monogenic causes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), show activated microglia, suggesting a potential causal role for inflammation in pathogenesis of NDD. We performed paired-end (PE) RNA sequencing (RNA seq) of total RNA's extracted from frozen sections of cervical spinal cords from ALS and CTL subjects, frontal cortical gray matter ribbons of AD and CTL subjects, and ventral midbrains of PD and CTL subjects. Trimmed PE reads were aligned against the hg38 human transcriptome using Tophat2/Bowtie2 (ALS) or HISAT2 (AD and PD) and quantitated with Cufflinks. PE reads were also aligned using Bowtie2 against genomes from representative species of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella sp. T6 (parasitic infectious agents), Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi (tick-vector borne agents), and Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis, agents causing chronic gingivitis. Primary aligned reads of each agent in each tissue sample were quantitated with SAMtools. We found small percentages (<0.1%) of transcriptomes aligned with B. microti, B. burgdorferi, T. denticola, and P. gingivalis genomes and larger percentages aligned with T. gondii (0.1-0.2%) and Trichinella sp. T6 (1.0-1.1%) genomes. In AD specimens, but in no others, primary aligned transcriptome percentages, although small, approached significance for being greater in AD compared to CTL samples for B. burgdorferi (p = 0.067) and P. gingivalis (p = 0.068). Genes' expressions in postmortem tissues of AD and ALS but not PD revealed significant changes among disease-associated microglial (DAM) genes. Infectious agents' transcripts can be detected in RNA seq reads of both NDD and CTL tissues and vary from agent to agent. Expressions of Stage 1 and Stage 2 DAM genes significantly changed, suggesting the presence of Stages 1 and 2 DAM in our NDD tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Bennett
- Neurodegeneration Therapeutics, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paula M Keeney
- Neurodegeneration Therapeutics, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - David G Brohawn
- Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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27
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Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M. Dietary Strategies and Supplements for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease. OMEGA FATTY ACIDS IN BRAIN AND NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH 2019:231-247. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815238-6.00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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28
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Femminella GD, Thayanandan T, Calsolaro V, Komici K, Rengo G, Corbi G, Ferrara N. Imaging and Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3702. [PMID: 30469491 PMCID: PMC6321449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and is a significant burden for affected patients, carers, and health systems. Great advances have been made in understanding its pathophysiology, to a point that we are moving from a purely clinical diagnosis to a biological one based on the use of biomarkers. Among those, imaging biomarkers are invaluable in Alzheimer's, as they provide an in vivo window to the pathological processes occurring in Alzheimer's brain. While some imaging techniques are still under evaluation in the research setting, some have reached widespread clinical use. In this review, we provide an overview of the most commonly used imaging biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease, from molecular PET imaging to structural MRI, emphasising the concept that multimodal imaging would likely prove to be the optimal tool in the future of Alzheimer's research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Thayanandan
- Imperial Memory Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, UK.
| | - Valeria Calsolaro
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Klara Komici
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA-Società Benefit, IRCCS, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy.
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA-Società Benefit, IRCCS, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy.
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