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Wang S, Xie S, Zheng Q, Zhang Z, Wang T, Zhang G. Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1380237. [PMID: 38659704 PMCID: PMC11039951 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1380237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, with a complex pathogenesis and an irreversible course. Therefore, the early diagnosis of AD is particularly important for the intervention, prevention, and treatment of the disease. Based on the different pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, the research progress of biofluid biomarkers are classified and reviewed. In the end, the challenges and perspectives of future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Wang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Sitan Xie
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinpin Zheng
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Li W, Zhou Y, Luo Z, Tang R, Sun Y, He Q, Xia B, Lu K, Hou Q, Yuan J. Lipidomic markers for the prediction of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22998. [PMID: 37289136 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201584rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a well-known syndrome and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia. Lipids play a key role in the pathogenesis of AD, however, the prediction value of serum lipidomics on AD remains unclear. This study aims to construct a lipid score system to predict the risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. First, we used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model to select the lipids that can signify the progression from MCI to AD based on 310 older adults with MCI. Then we constructed a lipid score based on 14 single lipids using Cox regression and estimated the association between the lipid score and progression from MCI to AD. The prevalence of AD in the low-, intermediate- and high-score groups was 42.3%, 59.8%, and 79.8%, respectively. The participants in the intermediate- and high-score group had a 1.65-fold (95% CI 1.10 to 2.47) and 3.55-fold (95% CI 2.40 to 5.26) higher risk of AD, respectively, as compared to those with low lipid scores. The lipid score showed moderate prediction efficacy (c-statistics > 0.72). These results suggested that the score system based on serum lipidomics is useful for the prediction of progression from MCI to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Center for Clinical Medical Humanities, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaofan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rixin Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Chinese Health Risk Management Collaboration (CHRIMAC), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiangsheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Chinese Health Risk Management Collaboration (CHRIMAC), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Chinese Health Risk Management Collaboration (CHRIMAC), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuiqing Lu
- Chinese Health Risk Management Collaboration (CHRIMAC), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Chinese Health Risk Management Collaboration (CHRIMAC), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Dong Y, Hou T, Li Y, Liu R, Cong L, Liu K, Liu C, Han X, Ren Y, Tang S, Winblad B, Blennow K, Wang Y, Du Y, Qiu C. Plasma Amyloid-β, Total Tau, and Neurofilament Light Chain Across the Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Spectrum: A Population-Based Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:845-858. [PMID: 37899059 PMCID: PMC10657676 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma biomarkers have emerged as a promising approach for characterizing pathophysiology in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize plasma biomarkers for AD and neurodegeneration across the AD clinical continuum, and to assess their ability to differentiate between AD, MCI, and normal cognition. METHODS This population-based study engaged 1,446 rural-dwelling older adults (age ≥60 years, 61.0% women) derived from MIND-China; of these, 402 were defined with MCI and 142 with AD. Plasma amyloid-β (Aβ), total tau (t-tau), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentrations were analyzed using the Simoa platform. Data were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Across the AD clinical spectrum, plasma Aβ40 and NfL increased, whereas Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio decreased. Plasma t-tau was higher in people with AD dementia than those with MCI or normal cognition. Plasma NfL outperformed other biomarkers in differentiating AD from normal cognition (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.75), but all plasma biomarkers performed poorly to distinguish MCI from normal cognition (AUC <0.60). Plasma NfL in combination with age, sex, education, and APOE genotype yielded the AUC of 0.87 for differentiating between AD and normal cognition, 0.79 between AD and MCI, and 0.64 between MCI and normal cognition. CONCLUSIONS In this Chinese population, AD plasma biomarkers vary by age, sex, and APOE genotype. Plasma Aβ, t-tau, and NfL differ across the AD clinical spectrum, and plasma NfL appears to be superior to plasma Aβ and t-tau for defining the clinical spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjing Li
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Keke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Merten N, Pinto AA, Paulsen AJ, Chen Y, Engelman CD, Hancock LM, Johnson SC, Schubert CR. Associations of Midlife Lifestyle and Health Factors with Long-Term Changes in Blood-Based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1381-1395. [PMID: 37393497 PMCID: PMC10461414 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias can change decades before clinical symptoms. Lifestyle and health factors might be relevant modifiable risk factors for dementia. Many previous studies have been focusing on associations of lifestyle and health-related factors with clinical outcomes later in life. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine to what extent midlife factors of lifestyle, inflammation, vascular, and metabolic health were associated with long-term changes in blood-based biomarkers of AD (amyloid beta (Aβ)) and neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain (NfL); total tau(TTau)). METHODS In 1,529 Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) participants (mean age 49 years, standard deviation (SD) = 9; 54% were women), we applied mixed-effects models with baseline risk factors as determinants and 10-year serum biomarker change as outcomes. RESULTS We found that education and inflammatory markers were associated with levels and/or change over time across all three markers of AD and neurodegeneration in the blood. There were baseline associations of measures of cardiovascular health with lower Aβ42/Aβ40. TTau changed little over time and was higher in individuals with diabetes. Individuals with lower risk in a number of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis had slower accumulation of neurodegeneration over time, as determined by NfL levels. CONCLUSION Various lifestyle and health factors, including education and inflammation, were associated with longitudinal changes of neurodegenerative and AD biomarker levels in midlife. If confirmed, these findings could have important implications for developing early lifestyle and health interventions that could potentially slow processes of neurodegeneration and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Merten
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - A Alex Pinto
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam J Paulsen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura M Hancock
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carla R Schubert
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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Xu C, Zhao L, Dong C. A Review of Application of Aβ42/40 Ratio in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:495-512. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-Alzheimer’s disease (non-AD) has drastically increased over recent decades. The amyloid cascade hypothesis attributes a vital role to amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of AD. As the main pathological hallmark of AD, amyloid plaques consist of merely the 42 and 40 amino acid variants of Aβ (Aβ 42 and Aβ 40). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker Aβ 42/40 has been extensively investigated and eventually integrated into important diagnostic tools to support the clinical diagnosis of AD. With the development of highly sensitive assays and technologies, blood-based Aβ 42/40, which was obtained using a minimally invasive and cost-effective method, has been proven to be abnormal in synchrony with CSF biomarker values. This paper presents the recent progress of the CSF Aβ 42/40 ratio and plasma Aβ 42/40 for AD as well as their potential clinical application as diagnostic markers or screening tools for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunbo Dong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Wang J, Gao L, Liu J, Dang L, Wei S, Hu N, Gao Y, Peng W, Shang S, Huo K, Wang J, Qu Q. The Association of Plasma Amyloid-β and Cognitive Decline in Cognitively Unimpaired Population. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:555-565. [PMID: 35480964 PMCID: PMC9035463 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s357994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigates the relationship between baseline plasma Aβ and cognitive decline during follow-up in cognitively unimpaired population. Materials and Methods Cognitively unimpaired population was selected from people who lived in the suburbs of Xi’an, China. The levels of plasma Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 were tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and neuropsychological battery were used to assess cognition. Two years later, MMSE was tested again, and significant cognitive decline was defined as a decrease in MMSE scores ≥5 points. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between baseline plasma Aβ and cognitive change during the two-year follow-up. Results A total of 1144 participants completed the study, among whom 59 subjects (5.2%) presented significant cognitive decline. The high plasma Aβ1-42 level group had more significant cognitive decline (P = 0.023). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that significant cognitive decline was associated with the high levels of baseline plasma Aβ1-42 (OR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.005–1.083, P = 0.026). However, significant cognitive decline was not associated with baseline plasma Aβ1-40 levels and Aβ1-42 /Aβ1-40 ratio. Conclusion Population with high level of baseline plasma Aβ1-42 manifested significant cognitive decline over 2 years; however, further investigation on the dynamics of plasma Aβ and long-term follow-up are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suhang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Huo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Huyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qiumin Qu, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710061, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 29 8532 4083, Email
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Pan FF, Huang Q, Wang Y, Wang YF, Guan YH, Xie F, Guo QH. Non-linear Character of Plasma Amyloid Beta Over the Course of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Continuum. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:832700. [PMID: 35401142 PMCID: PMC8984285 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.832700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) was associated with brain Aβ deposition and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. However, changes of plasma Aβ over the course of cognitive decline in the Alzheimer’s continuum remained uncertain. We recruited 449 participants to this study, including normal controls (NC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, and non-AD dementia. All the participants underwent plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, and t-tau measurements with single-molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay and PET scan with 18F-florbetapir amyloid tracer. In the subgroup of Aβ-PET positive, plasma Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was significantly lower in AD than NC, SCD and MCI, yet SCD had significantly higher levels of plasma Aβ42 than both NC and MCI. In the diagnostic groups of MCI and dementia, participants with Aβ-PET positive had lower plasma Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 ratio than participants with Aβ-PET negative, and the increasing levels of plasma Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 ratio indicated lower risks of Aβ-PET positive. However, in the participants with SCD, plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 were higher in the subgroup of Aβ-PET positive than Aβ-PET negative, and the increasing levels of plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 indicated higher risks of Aβ-PET positive. No significant association was observed between plasma Aβ and Aβ-PET status in normal controls. These findings showed that, in the continuum of AD, plasma Aβ42 had a significantly increasing trend from NC to SCD before decreasing in MCI and AD. Furthermore, the predictive values of plasma Aβ for brain amyloid deposition were inconsistent over the course of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Feng Pan
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Huang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Hui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fang Xie,
| | - Qi-Hao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qi-Hao Guo,
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8
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Mahaman YAR, Embaye KS, Huang F, Li L, Zhu F, Wang JZ, Liu R, Feng J, Wang X. Biomarkers used in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101544. [PMID: 34933129 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), being the number one in terms of dementia burden, is an insidious age-related neurodegenerative disease and is presently considered a global public health threat. Its main histological hallmarks are the Aβ senile plaques and the P-tau neurofibrillary tangles, while clinically it is marked by a progressive cognitive decline that reflects the underlying synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Many of the drug therapies targeting the two pathological hallmarks namely Aβ and P-tau have been proven futile. This is probably attributed to the initiation of therapy at a stage where cognitive alterations are already obvious. In other words, the underlying neuropathological changes are at a stage where these drugs lack any therapeutic value in reversing the damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to start treatment in the very early stage where these changes can be reversed, and hence, early diagnosis is of primordial importance. To this aim, the use of robust and informative biomarkers that could provide accurate diagnosis preferably at an earlier phase of the disease is of the essence. To date, several biomarkers have been established that, to a different extent, allow researchers and clinicians to evaluate, diagnose, and more specially exclude other related pathologies. In this study, we extensively reviewed data on the currently explored biomarkers in terms of AD pathology-specific and non-specific biomarkers and highlighted the recent developments in the diagnostic and theragnostic domains. In the end, we have presented a separate elaboration on aspects of future perspectives and concluding remarks.
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Bhargavan B, Woollard SM, McMillan JE, Kanmogne GD. CCR5 antagonist reduces HIV-induced amyloidogenesis, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and blood-brain barrier alterations in HIV-infected hu-PBL-NSG mice. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:78. [PMID: 34809709 PMCID: PMC8607567 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive impairment is present in 50% of HIV-infected individuals and is often associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-like brain pathologies, including increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Tau hyperphosphorylation. Here, we aimed to determine whether HIV-1 infection causes AD-like pathologies in an HIV/AIDS humanized mouse model, and whether the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc alters HIV-induced pathologies. METHODS NOD/scid-IL-2Rγcnull mice engrafted with human blood leukocytes were infected with HIV-1, left untreated or treated with maraviroc (120 mg/kg twice/day). Human cells in animal's blood were quantified weekly by flow cytometry. Animals were sacrificed at week-3 post-infection; blood and tissues viral loads were quantified using p24 antigen ELISA, RNAscope, and qPCR. Human (HLA-DR+) cells, Aβ-42, phospho-Tau, neuronal markers (MAP 2, NeuN, neurofilament-L), gamma-secretase activating protein (GSAP), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and transcription were quantified in brain tissues by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and qPCR. Plasma Aβ-42, Aβ-42 cellular uptake, release and transendothelial transport were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS HIV-1 significantly decreased human (h)CD4+ T-cells and hCD4/hCD8 ratios; decreased the expression of BBB TJ proteins claudin-5, ZO-1, ZO-2; and increased HLA-DR+ cells in brain tissues. Significantly, HIV-infected animals showed increased plasma and brain Aβ-42 and phospho-Tau (threonine181, threonine231, serine396, serine199), associated with transcriptional upregulation of GSAP, an enzyme that catalyzes Aβ formation, and loss of MAP 2, NeuN, and neurofilament-L. Maraviroc treatment significantly reduced blood and brain viral loads, prevented HIV-induced loss of neuronal markers and TJ proteins; decreased HLA-DR+ cells infiltration in brain tissues, significantly reduced HIV-induced increase in Aβ-42, GSAP, and phospho-Tau. Maraviroc also reduced Aβ retention and increased Aβ release in human macrophages; decreased the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and increased low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) expression in human brain endothelial cells. Maraviroc induced Aβ transendothelial transport, which was blocked by LRP1 antagonist but not RAGE antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Maraviroc significantly reduced HIV-induced amyloidogenesis, GSAP, phospho-Tau, neurodegeneration, BBB alterations, and leukocytes infiltration into the CNS. Maraviroc increased cellular Aβ efflux and transendothelial Aβ transport via LRP1 pathways. Thus, therapeutically targeting CCR5 could reduce viremia, preserve the BBB and neurons, increased brain Aβ efflux, and reduce AD-like neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Bhargavan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800 USA
| | - Shawna M. Woollard
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800 USA
- Huvepharma, 421 W Industrial Lake Drive, Lincoln, NE 68528 USA
| | - Jo Ellyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800 USA
| | - Georgette D. Kanmogne
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800 USA
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10
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Yang X, Qin J, Wei X, Peng Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zou Y. Influence of manganese exposure on cognitive function, plasma APP and Aβ levels in older men. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126788. [PMID: 34015662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated manganese (Mn) exposure impairs cognition in adults and children, but the association between Mn and cognitive function in elderly people is unclear. Previous studies have linked Mn neurotoxicity in AD to Aβ-dependent mechanisms. However, the association between Mn and plasma APP and Aβ in the general elderly population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between Mn exposure and cognitive function, plasma APP and plasma Aβ in older adults. METHODS Cognitive abilities in 375 men aged 60 and older in Guangxi, China were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and cognitive impairment were identified using education-stratified cut-off points of MMSE scores. Urinary Mn levels and plasma APP, and Aβ levels were measured using ICP-MS and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS A total of 109 (29.07 %) older men were identified as having cognitive impairment. The median urinary Mn level was 0.22 μg/g creatinine. Urinary Mn levels were negatively correlated with MMSE scores (β = -1.35, 95 % CI: -2.65 to -0.06; p = 0.041). In addition, higher concentrations of urinary manganese were associated with a greater risk of cognitive impairment (OR = 2.03, 95 % CI: 1.14-3.59; comparing the highest and lowest manganese; p = 0.025). Moreover, plasma APP levels were inversely associated with urinary Mn levels (r = -0.123, p = 0.020), and positively associated with MMSE scores (r = 0.158, p = 0.002). Surprisingly, no correlations were observed between plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ40/Aβ42, or Aβ42/Aβ40 and urinary Mn levels and MMSE scores. CONCLUSION These results suggested that Mn exposure is negatively associated with older men's cognition and plasma APP levels, but not plasma Aβ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiping Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li'e Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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11
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She M, Shang S, Hu N, Chen C, Dang L, Gao L, Wei S, Huo K, Wang J, Wang J, Qu Q. Blood Pressure Level Is Associated With Changes in Plasma Aβ 1 -40 and Aβ 1-42 Levels: A Cross-sectional Study Conducted in the Suburbs of Xi'an, China. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:650679. [PMID: 34149395 PMCID: PMC8211897 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.650679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Hypertension is a risk factor for AD, but the effects of hypertension on Aβ deposition are not fully determined. Considering peripheral Aβ closely relates to Aβ deposition in the brain, we investigated the relationships between blood pressure (BP) level and plasma Aβ concentrations. Methods: One-thousand and sixty-nine participants (age above 45) from a village in the suburbs of Xi’an, China were enrolled. Questionnaires and validated Chinese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to collect information about vascular risk factors and assess cognition function. The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype was detected using PCR and sequencing. Plasma Aβ levels were measured using ELISA. The associations between BP and plasma Aβ levels were analyzed by using multivariate linear regression. Results: Plasma Aβ1–40 level was higher in high BP group than that in normal BP group (53.34 ± 8.50 pg/ml vs. 51.98 ± 8.96 pg/ml, P = 0.013), in high SBP group than that in normal SBP group (53.68 ± 8.69 pg/ml vs. 51.88 ± 8.80 pg/ml, P = 0.001) and in high MABP group than that in normal MABP group (54.05 ± 8.78 pg/ml vs. 52.04 ± 8.75 pg/ml, P = 0.001). After controlling for the confounding factors, SBP (b = 0.078, P < 0.001), DBP (b = 0.090, P = 0.008) and MABP (b = 0.104, P < 0.001) correlated with plasma Aβ1–40 level positively in ApoE ε4 non-carriers, but not ApoE ε4 carriers. Conclusions: Elevated BP levels were associated with increased plasma Aβ1–40 levels in middle-aged and elderly ApoE ε4 non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin She
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, Yulin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suhang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ningwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Huo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Huyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Feinkohl I, Schipke CG, Kruppa J, Menne F, Winterer G, Pischon T, Peters O. Plasma Amyloid Concentration in Alzheimer's Disease: Performance of a High-Throughput Amyloid Assay in Distinguishing Alzheimer's Disease Cases from Controls. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:1285-1294. [PMID: 32176645 PMCID: PMC7242850 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for measurement of amyloid-β (Aβ) species is a gold standard in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis, but has risks. Thus, establishing a low-risk blood Aβ test with high AD sensitivity and specificity is of outmost interest. Objective: We evaluated the ability of a commercially available plasma Aβ assay to distinguish AD patients from biomarker-healthy controls. Method: In a case-control design, we examined plasma samples from 44 AD patients (A + N+) and 49 controls (A–N–) from a memory clinic. AD was diagnosed using a combination of neuropsychological examination, CSF biomarker analysis and brain imaging. Total Aβ40 and total Aβ42 in plasma were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology using ABtest40 and ABtest42 test kits (Araclon Biotech Ltd.). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses with outcome AD were performed, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: Plasma Aβ42/40 was weakly positively correlated with CSF Aβ42/40 (Spearman’s rho 0.22; p = 0.037). Plasma Aβ42/40 alone was not able to statistically significantly distinguish between AD patients and controls (AUC 0.58; 95% CI 0.46, 0.70). At a cut-point of 0.076 maximizing sensitivity and specificity, plasma Aβ42/40 had a sensitivity of 61.2% and a specificity of 63.6%. Conclusion: In this sample, the high-throughput blood Aβ assay was not able to distinguish well between AD patients and controls. Whether or not the assay may be useful in large-scale epidemiological settings remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Feinkohl
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola G Schipke
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Kruppa
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Biometrie und Klinische Epidemiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Menne
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Winterer
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Pharmaimage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,MDC/BIH Biobank, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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13
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Wang X, Zhao M, Lin L, Han Y. Plasma β-Amyloid Levels Associated With Structural Integrity Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Subjective Cognitive Decline: The SILCODE Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:592024. [PMID: 33510631 PMCID: PMC7835390 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.592024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) levels are useful biomarkers to reflect brain amyloidosis and gray matter structure, but little is known about their correlation with subclinical white matter (WM) integrity in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the microstructural changes in WM between subjects with low and high plasma Aβ levels among individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods: This study included 142 cognitively normal individuals with SCD who underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests, plasma Aβ measurements, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based on the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE). Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), we compared fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD) in WM between subjects with low (N = 71) and high (N = 71) plasma Aβ levels (cut-off: 761.45 pg/ml for Aβ40 and 10.74 pg/ml for Aβ42). Results: We observed significantly decreased FA and increased MD in the high Aβ40 group compared to the low Aβ40 group in various regions, including the body, the genu, and the splenium of the corpus callosum; the superior longitudinal fasciculus; the corona radiata; the thalamic radiation; the external and internal capsules; the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus; and the sagittal stratum [p < 0.05, familywise error (FWE) corrected]. Average FA values were associated with poor performance on executive and memory assessments. No significant differences were found in either MD or FA between the low and high Aβ42 groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a correlation exists between WM integrity and plasma Aβ40 levels in individuals with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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14
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Gao F, Shang S, Chen C, Dang L, Gao L, Wei S, Wang J, Huo K, Deng M, Wang J, Qu Q. Non-linear Relationship Between Plasma Amyloid-β 40 Level and Cognitive Decline in a Cognitively Normal Population. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:557005. [PMID: 33061905 PMCID: PMC7516983 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.557005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent studies regarding the relationships between plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and cognitive performance had inconsistent results. In this study, we aimed to characterize the relationship between cognitive decline and plasma Aβ levels in a large-sample cognitively normal population. Methods This population-based, prospective cohort study included 1,240 participants with normal cognition. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function at baseline and 2 years later. Restricted cubic splines, multivariate logistic regression, and multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the type of relationship between cognitive decline during the 2-year follow-up period and plasma Aβ levels (Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ42/40). Results Participants with moderate Aβ40 levels had the highest risk of cognitive decline during a 2-year follow-up relative to individuals with low Aβ40 [odds ratio (OR): 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45–0.81, p < 0.001] or high Aβ40 (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49–0.87, p = 0.004) levels. The association between Aβ40 and cognitive decline did not depend on sex, education level, or APOE ε4 status. There was an interaction found between age (≤ 65 and > 65 years) and Aβ40 (p for interaction = 0.021). In individuals older than 65 years, there was a positive linear relationship between plasma Aβ40 and cognitive decline (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04, p = 0.027). For participants ≤ 65 years old, the lower Aβ40 and higher Aβ40 groups had a lower risk of cognitive decline than the medium Aβ40 group (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50–0.94, p = 0.02; OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.86, p = 0.004). None of relationship between plasma Aβ42, Aβ42/40 and cognitive decline was found during a 2-year follow-up. Conclusion The relationship between plasma Aβ40 and cognitive decline was not linear, but an inverted-U shape in a cognitively normal population. The underlying mechanism requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Suhang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Huo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiying Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huxian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Wang X, Sun Y, Li T, Cai Y, Han Y. Amyloid-β as a Blood Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Recent Literature. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:819-832. [PMID: 31868667 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Taoran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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16
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An P, Zhou X, Du Y, Zhao J, Song A, Liu H, Ma F, Huang G. Association of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Chinese Adults: A Case-control Study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:1309-1315. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200103110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment
in previous studies. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a reliable measure of systemic inflammation.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between NLR and mild cognitive
impairment (MCI), and further to explore the diagnostic potential of the inflammatory markers NLR for
the diagnosis of MCI in elderly Chinese individuals.
Methods:
186 MCI subjects and 153 subjects with normal cognitive function were evaluated consecutively
in this study. Neutrophil (NEUT) count and Lymphocyte (LYM) count were measured in fasting
blood samples. The NLR was calculated by dividing the absolute NEUT count by the absolute LYM
count. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the potential association between NLR and
MCI. NLR for predicting MCI was analyzed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve
analysis.
Results:
The NLR of MCI group was significantly higher than that of subjects with normal cognitive
function (2.39 ± 0.55 vs. 1.94 ± 0.51, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher NLR
was an independent risk factor for MCI (OR: 4.549, 95% CI: 2.623-7.889, P < 0.001). ROC analysis
suggested that the optimum NLR cut-off point for MCI was 2.07 with 73.66% sensitivity, 69.28% specificity,
74.48% Positive Predictive Values (PPV) and 68.36% negative predictive values (NPV). Subjects
with NLR ≥ 2.07 showed higher risk relative to NLR < 2.07 (OR: 5.933, 95% CI: 3.467-10.155, P <
0.001).
Conclusion:
The elevated NLR is significantly associated with increased risk of MCI. In particular,
NLR level higher than the threshold of 2.07 was significantly associated with the probability of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin An
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Community Health Service Center, Sanhuailu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Song
- Community Health Service Center, Sanhuailu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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17
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Mehta PD, Patrick BA, Miller DL, Coyle PK, Wisniewski T. A Sensitive and Cost-Effective Chemiluminescence ELISA for Measurement of Amyloid-β 1-42 Peptide in Human Plasma. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1237-1244. [PMID: 33252086 PMCID: PMC7874530 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) is associated with plaque formation in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have suggested the potential utility of plasma Aβ42 levels in the diagnosis, and in longitudinal study of AD pathology. Conventional ELISAs are used to measure Aβ42 levels in plasma but are not sensitive enough to quantitate low levels. Although ultrasensitive assays like single molecule array or immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry have been developed to quantitate plasma Aβ42 levels, the high cost of instruments and reagents limit their use. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that a sensitive and cost-effective chemiluminescence (CL) immunoassay could be developed to detect low Aβ42 levels in human plasma. METHODS We developed a sandwich ELISA using high affinity rabbit monoclonal antibody specific to Aβ42. The sensitivity of the assay was increased using CL substrate to quantitate low levels of Aβ42 in plasma. We examined the levels in plasma from 13 AD, 25 Down syndrome (DS), and 50 elderly controls. RESULTS The measurement range of the assay was 0.25 to 500 pg/ml. The limit of detection was 1 pg/ml. All AD, DS, and 45 of 50 control plasma showed measurable Aβ42 levels. CONCLUSION This assay detects low levels of Aβ42 in plasma and does not need any expensive equipment or reagents. It offers a preferred alternative to ultrasensitive assays. Since the antibodies, peptide, and substrate are commercially available, the assay is well suited for academic or diagnostic laboratories, and has a potential for the diagnosis of AD or in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Bruce A. Patrick
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - David L. Miller
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Patricia K. Coyle
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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