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Zhao J, Wei M, Guo M, Wang M, Niu H, Xu T, Zhou Y. GSK3: A potential target and pending issues for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14818. [PMID: 38946682 PMCID: PMC11215492 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), consisting of GSK3α and GSK3β subtypes, is a complex protein kinase that regulates numerous substrates. Research has observed increased GSK3 expression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and models. AD is a neurodegenerative disorder with diverse pathogenesis and notable cognitive impairments, characterized by Aβ aggregation and excessive tau phosphorylation. This article provides an overview of GSK3's structure and regulation, extensively analyzing its relationship with AD factors. GSK3 overactivation disrupts neural growth, development, and function. It directly promotes tau phosphorylation, regulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage, leading to Aβ formation, and directly or indirectly triggers neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. We also summarize preclinical research highlighting the inhibition of GSK3 activity as a primary therapeutic approach for AD. Finally, pending issues like the lack of highly specific and affinity-driven GSK3 inhibitors, are raised and expected to be addressed in future research. In conclusion, GSK3 represents a target in AD treatment, filled with hope, challenges, opportunities, and obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Mengying Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Minsong Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cangnan County Qiushi Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineWenzhouChina
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hongxia Niu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Blood‐stasis‐toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Tengfei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cangnan County Qiushi Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineWenzhouChina
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Blood‐stasis‐toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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2
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Wang YT, Jiang SQ, Zhang SL. Synthetic Approaches and Clinical Application of Representative Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:3029. [PMID: 38998978 PMCID: PMC11243137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the cancer cell cycle heavily relies on cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Targeting CDKs has been identified as a promising approach for effective cancer therapy. In recent years, there has been significant attention paid towards developing small-molecule CDK inhibitors in the field of drug discovery. Notably, five such inhibitors have already received regulatory approval for the treatment of different cancers, including breast tumors, lung malignancies, and hematological malignancies. This review provides an overview of the synthetic routes used to produce 17 representative small-molecule CDK inhibitors that have obtained regulatory approval or are currently being evaluated through clinical trials. It also discusses their clinical applications for treating CDK-related diseases and explores the challenges and limitations associated with their use in a clinical setting, which will stimulate the further development of novel CDK inhibitors. By integrating therapeutic applications, synthetic methodologies, and mechanisms of action observed in various clinical trials involving these CDK inhibitors, this review facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the versatile roles and therapeutic potential offered by interventions targeting CDKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tao Wang
- First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476100, China
| | - Shi-Qi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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3
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Oner M, Chen MC, Cheng PT, Li YH, Cheng YC, Celik A, Soong SW, Hsu LW, Lin DY, Hossain Prince GMS, Dhar T, Cheng HC, Tang PC, Lin H. Impact of metformin on neocortical development during pregnancy: Involvement of ERK and p35/CDK5 pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142124. [PMID: 38677614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Metformin, the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of diabetes, is increasingly used during pregnancy to address various disorders such as diabetes, obesity, preeclampsia, and metabolic diseases. However, its impact on neocortex development remains unclear. Here, we investigated the direct effects of metformin on neocortex development, focusing on ERK and p35/CDK5 regulation. Using a pregnant rat model, we found that metformin treatment during pregnancy induces small for gestational age (SGA) and reduces relative cortical thickness in embryos and neonates. Additionally, we discovered that metformin inhibits neural progenitor cell proliferation in the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ)/ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing neocortex, a process possibly mediated by ERK inactivation. Furthermore, metformin induces neuronal apoptosis in the SVZ/VZ area of the developing neocortex. Moreover, metformin retards neuronal migration, cortical lamination, and differentiation, potentially through p35/CDK5 inhibition in the developing neocortex. Remarkably, compensating for p35 through in utero electroporation partially rescues metformin-impaired neuronal migration and development. In summary, our study reveals that metformin disrupts neocortex development by inhibiting neuronal progenitor proliferation, neuronal migration, cortical layering, and cortical neuron maturation, likely via ERK and p35/CDK5 inhibition. Consequently, our findings advocate for caution in metformin usage during pregnancy, given its potential adverse effects on fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Oner
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Ting Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Li
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ayse Celik
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Woei Soong
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Din-You Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | | | - Trayee Dhar
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Oner M, Chen MC, Cheng PT, Lin H. Metformin inhibits nerve growth factor-induced sympathetic neuron differentiation through p35/CDK5 inhibition. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1648-C1658. [PMID: 38682237 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00121.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The authors' previous research has shown the pivotal roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and its regulatory protein p35 in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of sympathetic neurons in PC12 cells. During the process of differentiation, neurons are susceptible to environmental influences, including the effects of drugs. Metformin is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes and its associated symptoms, particularly in diabetic neuropathy, which is characterized by dysregulation of the sympathetic neurons. However, the impacts of metformin on sympathetic neuronal differentiation remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of metformin on NGF-induced sympathetic neuronal differentiation using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells as a model. We examined the regulation of TrkA-p35/CDK5 signaling in NGF-induced PC12 differentiation. Our results demonstrate that metformin reduces NGF-induced PC12 differentiation by inactivating the TrkA receptor, subsequently inhibiting ERK and EGR1. Inhibition of this cascade ultimately leads to the downregulation of p35/CDK5 in PC12 cells. Furthermore, metformin inhibits the activation of the presynaptic protein Synapsin-I, a substrate of CDK5, in PC12 differentiation. In addition, metformin alters axonal and synaptic bouton formation by inhibiting p35 at both the axons and axon terminals in fully differentiated PC12 cells. In summary, our study elucidates that metformin inhibits sympathetic neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells by disrupting TrkA/ERK/EGR1 and p35/CDK5 signaling. This research contributes to uncovering a novel signaling mechanism in drug response during sympathetic neuronal differentiation, enhancing our understanding of the intricate molecular processes governing this critical aspect of neurodevelopment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study unveils a novel mechanism influenced by metformin during sympathetic neuronal differentiation. By elucidating its inhibitory effects from the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, TrkA, to the p35/CDK5 signaling pathways, we advance our understanding of metformin's mechanisms of action and emphasize its potential significance in the context of drug responses during sympathetic neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Oner
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Ting Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sun R, Yuan H, Wang J, Zhu K, Xiong Y, Zheng Y, Ni X, Huang M. Rehmanniae Radix Preparata ameliorates behavioral deficits and hippocampal neurodevelopmental abnormalities in ADHD rat model. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1402056. [PMID: 38872946 PMCID: PMC11169733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1402056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Abnormal hippocampal neurodevelopment, particularly in the dentate gyrus region, may be a key mechanism of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we investigate the effect of the most commonly used Chinese herb for the treatment of ADHD, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (RRP), on behavior and hippocampal neurodevelopment in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Behavior tests, including Morris water maze (MWM) test, open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test were performed to assess the effect of RRP on hyperactive and impulsive behavior. Hippocampal neurodevelopment was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, Golgi staining and Nissl staining approaches. Regulatory proteins such as Trkb, CDK5, FGF2/FGFR1 were examined by Western blot analysis. Results The results showed that RRP could effectively control the impulsive and spontaneous behavior and improve the spatial learning and memory ability. RRP significantly reduced neuronal loss and increased the number of hippocampal stem cells, and promoted synaptic plasticity. In addition, FGF/FGFR signaling was upregulated after RRP treatment. Conclusion RRP can effectively reduce impulsive and spontaneous behavior and ameliorate hippocampal neurodevelopmental abnormalities in ADHD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haixia Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kanglin Zhu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yabei Zheng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinqiang Ni
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Ackmann J, Brüge A, Gotina L, Lim S, Jahreis K, Vollbrecht AL, Kim YK, Pae AN, Labus J, Ponimaskin E. Structural determinants for activation of the Tau kinase CDK5 by the serotonin receptor 5-HT7R. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:233. [PMID: 38641599 PMCID: PMC11031989 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple neurodegenerative diseases are induced by the formation and deposition of protein aggregates. In particular, the microtubule-associated protein Tau leads to the development of so-called tauopathies characterized by the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau within neurons. We recently showed that the constitutive activity of the serotonin receptor 7 (5-HT7R) is required for Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation through activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). We also demonstrated physical interaction between 5-HT7R and CDK5 at the plasma membrane suggesting that the 5-HT7R/CDK5 complex is an integral part of the signaling network involved in Tau-mediated pathology. METHODS Using biochemical, microscopic, molecular biological, computational and AI-based approaches, we investigated structural requirements for the formation of 5-HT7R/CDK5 complex. RESULTS We demonstrated that 5-HT7R domains responsible for coupling to Gs proteins are not involved in receptor interaction with CDK5. We also created a structural model of the 5-HT7R/CDK5 complex and refined the interaction interface. The model predicted two conserved phenylalanine residues, F278 and F281, within the third intracellular loop of 5-HT7R to be potentially important for complex formation. While site-directed mutagenesis of these residues did not influence Gs protein-mediated receptor signaling, replacement of both phenylalanines by alanine residues significantly reduced 5-HT7R/CDK5 interaction and receptor-mediated CDK5 activation, leading to reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. Molecular dynamics simulations of 5-HT7R/CDK5 complex for wild-type and receptor mutants confirmed binding interface stability of the initial model. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a structural basis for the development of novel drugs targeting the 5-HT7R/CDK5 interaction interface for the selective treatment of Tau-related disorders, including frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ackmann
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina Brüge
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Lim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kathrin Jahreis
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Vollbrecht
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Josephine Labus
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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7
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He S, Shi J, Chai H, Ma L, Pei H, Zhang P, Shi D, Li H. Mechanisms with network pharmacology approach of Ginsenosides in Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26642. [PMID: 38434355 PMCID: PMC10906400 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss, cognitive disorder, language dysfunction, and mental disability. The main neuropathological changes in AD mainly include amyloid plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, synapse loss, and neuron reduction. However, the current anti-AD drugs do not demonstrate a favorable effect in altering the pathological course of AD. Moreover, long-term use of these drugs is usually accompanied with various side effects. Ginsenosides are the major active constituents of ginseng and have protective effects on AD through various mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro studies. In this review, we focused on discussing the therapeutic potential effects and the mechanisms of pharmacological activities of ginsenosides in AD, to provide new insight for further research and clinical application of ginsenosides in the future. Recent studies on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ginsenosides were retrieved from Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Science and Technology Library, Wanfang Data, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, and the Web of Science database up to April 2023 using relevant keywords. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis were used to predict the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ginsenosides against AD. Ginsenosides presented a wide range of therapeutic and biological activities, including alleviating Aβ deposition, decreasing tau hyperphosphorylation, regulating the cholinergic system, resisting oxidative stress, modulating Ca2+ homeostasis, as well as anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis in neurons, respectively. For further developing the therapeutic potential as well as clinical applications, the network pharmacology approach was combined with a summary of published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhe Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chai
- Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xia L, Li P, Bi W, Yang R, Zhang Y. CDK5R1 promotes Schwann cell proliferation, migration, and production of neurotrophic factors via CDK5/BDNF/TrkB after sciatic nerve injury. Neurosci Lett 2023; 817:137514. [PMID: 37848102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1 (CDK5R1) is necessary for central nervous system development and neuronal migration. At present, there are few reports about the role of CDK5R1 in peripheral nerve injury, and these need to be further explored. The CCK-8 and EdU assay was performed to examine cell proliferation. The migration ability of Schwann cells was tested by the cell scratch test. The apoptosis of Schwann cells was detected by flow cytometry. Sciatic nerve injury model in rats was established by crush injury. The sciatic function index (SFI) and the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) were measured at different time points. The results revealed that overexpression of CDK5R1 promoted the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells, and inhibited the apoptosis. Further studies found that pcDNA3.1-CDK5R1 significantly upregulated the expression of CDK5, BDNF and TrkB. More importantly, CDK5R1 promoted the recovery of nerve injury in rats. In addition, the CDK5 mediated BDNF/TrkB pathway was involved in the molecular mechanism of CDK5R1 on Schwann cells. It is suggested that the mechanism by which CDK5R1 promotes functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury is by CDK5 mediated activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Hand Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Wenchao Bi
- Department of Hand Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Ruize Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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9
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Kawano M, Tanaka K, Itonaga I, Iwasaki T, Kubota Y, Tsumura H. Tumor-suppressive microRNA-152 inhibits the proliferation of Ewing's sarcoma cells by targeting CDK5R1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18546. [PMID: 37899376 PMCID: PMC10613623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We elucidated the mechanism through which the reduced expression of miR-152 leads to the overexpression of its target cyclin-dependent kinase-5 activator 1 (CDK5R1) in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) cells and the role of this mechanism in the proliferation of ES cells. To explore possible oncogenic factors in ES, we conducted microarray-based investigation and profiled the changes in miRNA expression and their effects on downstream mRNAs in five ES cell lines and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). miR-152 was significantly downregulated, while cyclin-dependent kinase-5 activator 1 (CDK5R1) expression was significantly upregulated in all tested ES cells as compared to hMSCs. The overexpression of CDK5R1 led to the activation of CDK5, enabling the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and persistent overexpression of CCNE. Moreover, miR-152 suppressed cell proliferation via cell cycle retardation, and its upregulation reduced tumor size and CCNE expression in tumor tissues. The overexpression of cyclin E (CCNE) has been detected in ES cells, but the detailed mechanisms have not been previously elucidated. These findings identify the miR152-CDK5R1 signaling axis as a critical mechanism for tumorigenesis that may serve as a new therapeutic target in Ewing's sarcoma. We believe that our results will aid in the development of effective treatment strategies for patients with ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kawano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Itonaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yuta Kubota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsumura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
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10
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A review on regulation of cell cycle by extracellular matrix. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123426. [PMID: 36708893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of structural proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans that assists independent cells in aggregating and forming highly organized functional structures. ECM serves numerous purposes and is an essential component of tissue structure and functions. Initially, the role of ECM was considered to be confined to passive functions like providing mechanical strength and structural identity to tissues, serving as barriers and platforms for cells. The doors to understanding ECM's proper role in tissue functioning opened with the discovery of cellular receptors, integrins to which ECM components binds and influences cellular activities. Understanding and utilizing ECM's potential to control cellular function has become a topic of much interest in recent decades, providing different outlooks to study processes involved in developmental programs, wound healing and tumour progression. On another front, the regulatory mechanisms operating to prevent errors in the cell cycle have been topics of a titanic amount of studies. This is expected as many diseases, most infamously cancer, are associated with defects in their functioning. This review focuses on how ECM, through different methods, influences the progression of the somatic cell cycle and provides deeper insights into molecular mechanisms of functional communication between adhesion complex, signalling pathways and cell cycle machinery.
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11
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Tao FF, Wang ZY, Wang Y, Lv QR, Cai PP, Min HW, Ge JW, Yin CY, Cheng R. Inhibition of hippocampal cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity ameliorates learning and memory dysfunction in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36964998 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Oxygen therapy plays a vital role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is the independent risk factor for neurodevelopment deficits in premature infants. However, the effect of hippocampal cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) on BPD-associated neurodevelopment deficits is not fully understood. METHODS Mice were placed in a hyperoxia chamber from postnatal Day 1 to Day 7. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the lung histomorphological characteristics. Learning and memory functions of mice were detected by Morris water maze. TUNEL staining was applied to measure the number of apoptotic cells. The expression of CDK5, apoptosis-related protein, and neuroplasticity-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Golgi staining was used to assess the structure of dendritic spines. RESULTS Hyperoxia-induced BPD mice showed a long-term learning and memory dysfunction, more severe neuronal apoptosis, and a decline of synaptic plasticity. Inhibition of CDK5 overactivation ameliorated cognitive deficits, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity disorders in BPD mice. CONCLUSIONS This study first found a vital role of CDK5 in BPD-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Inhibition of CDK5 overexpression could effectively improve cognitive dysfunctions in BPD mice, which indicated that hippocampal CDK5 may be a new target for prevention and treatment in learning and memory dysfunction of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fei Tao
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian-Ru Lv
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Peng Cai
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jian-Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Yu Yin
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Wang M, Zhang H, Liang J, Huang J, Chen N. Exercise suppresses neuroinflammation for alleviating Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:76. [PMID: 36935511 PMCID: PMC10026496 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with the characteristics of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and senile plaque (SP) formation. Although great progresses have been made in clinical trials based on relevant hypotheses, these studies are also accompanied by the emergence of toxic and side effects, and it is an urgent task to explore the underlying mechanisms for the benefits to prevent and treat AD. Herein, based on animal experiments and a few clinical trials, neuroinflammation in AD is characterized by long-term activation of pro-inflammatory microglia and the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. Damaged signals from the periphery and within the brain continuously activate microglia, thus resulting in a constant source of inflammatory responses. The long-term chronic inflammatory response also exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress in microglia, which triggers microglia-dependent immune responses, ultimately leading to the occurrence and deterioration of AD. In this review, we systematically summarized and sorted out that exercise ameliorates AD by directly and indirectly regulating immune response of the central nervous system and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis to provide a new direction for exploring the neuroinflammation activity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jiling Liang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jielun Huang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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13
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Semi-Preparative Separation, Absolute Configuration, Stereochemical Stability and Effects on Human Neuronal Cells of MDPV Enantiomers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052121. [PMID: 36903367 PMCID: PMC10003790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cathinones, such as 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), are widely abused due to their psychostimulant effects. As they are chiral molecules, studies of their stereochemical stability (racemization can occur in certain temperatures and acidic/basic environments) and of their biological and/or toxicity effects (enantiomers might display different properties) are of great relevance. In this study, the liquid chromatography (LC) semi-preparative enantioresolution of MDPV was optimized to collect both enantiomers with high recovery rates and enantiomeric ratio (e.r.) values. The absolute configuration of the MDPV enantiomers was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) with the aid of theoretical calculations. The first eluted enantiomer was identified as S-(-)-MDPV and the second eluted enantiomer was identified as R-(+)-MDPV. A racemization study was performed by LC-UV, showing enantiomers' stability up to 48 h at room temperature and 24 h at 37 °C. Racemization was only affected by higher temperatures. The potential enantioselectivity of MDPV in cytotoxicity and in the expression of neuroplasticity-involved proteins-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-was also evaluated using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. No enantioselectivity was observed.
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14
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Yin Y, Zhou Y, Yang X, Xu Z, Yang B, Luo P, Yan H, He Q. The participation of non-canonical autophagic proteins in the autophagy process and their potential as therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:71-86. [PMID: 36735300 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that helps recycle intracellular components to maintain homeostasis. The completion of autophagy requires the synergistic effect of multiple canonical autophagic proteins. Defects in autophagy machinery have been reported to promote diseases, rendering autophagy a bone fide health-modifying agent. However, the clinical implication of canonical pan-autophagic activators or inhibitors has often led to undesirable side effects, making it urgent to find a safer autophagy-related therapeutic target. The discovery of non-canonical autophagic proteins has been found to specifically affect the development of diseases without causing a universal impact on autophagy and has shed light on finding a safer way to utilize autophagy in the therapeutic context. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recently discovered non-canonical autophagic proteins, how these proteins influence autophagy, and their potential therapeutic role in the disease due to their interaction with autophagy. EXPERT OPINION Several therapies have been studied thus far and continued research is needed to identify the potential that non-canonical autophagic proteins have for treating certain diseases. In the meantime, continue to uncover new non-canonical autophagic proteins and examine which are likely to have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yourong Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Setiwalidi K, Fu J, Hei H, Nuer S, Zhang F, Chen S, Liu Y, Chen F, Li S, Wang C, Wu Y, Gong Y, Hu M, Huang R, Liu J, Zhang T, Ning Y, Zhao H, Guo X, Wang X. Differential expression of cyclins CCNB1 and CCNG1 is involved in the chondrocyte damage of kashin-beck disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:1053685. [PMID: 36588792 PMCID: PMC9794764 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1053685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was clarify the relationship between the differential expression of cyclins CCNB1 and CCNG1 and chondrocyte damage in Kashin-Beck disease. Systematic review and high-throughput sequencing of chondrocytes derived from Kashin-Beck disease patients were combined to identify the differentially expressed cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase genes. In parallel, weaned SD rats were treated with low selenium for 4 weeks and then T-2 toxin for 4 weeks. Knee cartilage was collected to harvest chondrocytes for gene expression profiling. Finally, the protein expression levels of CCNB1 and CCNG1 were verified in knee cartilage tissue of Kashin-Beck disease patients and normal controls by immunohistochemical staining. The systematic review found 52 cartilage disease-related cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase genes, 23 of which were coexpressed in Kashin-Beck disease, including 15 upregulated and 8 downregulated genes. Under the intervention of a low selenium diet and T-2 toxin exposure, CCNB1 (FC = 0.36) and CCNG1 (FC = 0.73) showed a downward expression trend in rat articular cartilage. Furthermore, compared to normal controls, CCNB1 protein in Kashin-Beck disease articular cartilage was 71.98% and 66.27% downregulated in the superficial and middle zones, respectively, and 12.06% upregulated in the deep zone. CCNG1 protein was 45.66% downregulated in the superficial zone and 12.19% and 9.13% upregulated in the middle and deep zones, respectively. The differential expression of cyclins CCNB1 and CCNG1 may be related to articular cartilage damage in Kashin-Beck disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidiriye Setiwalidi
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Jialei Fu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - He Hei
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaniya Nuer
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Feiyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Feihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Shujin Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Chaowei Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Minhan Hu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruitian Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yujie Ning
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yujie Ning, ; Hongmou Zhao,
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Foot and Ankle Surgery Department, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yujie Ning, ; Hongmou Zhao,
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China,Clinical Research Center for Endemic Disease of Shaanxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the progressive loss of specific neurons. The exact mechanisms of action of these diseases are unknown, and many studies have focused on pathways related to abnormal accumulation and processing of proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress leading to apoptotic death. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that aberrant cell cycle re-entry plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. The activation of the cell cycle in mature neurons could be promoted by several signaling mechanisms, including c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascades; post-translational modifications such as Tau-phosphorylation; and DNA damage response. In all these events, implicated Cdk5, a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase, seems to be responsible for several cellular processes in neurons including axon growth, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, neuronal migration, and maintenance of neuronal survival. However, under pathological conditions, Cdk5 dysregulation may lead to cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons. Thus, Cdk5 hyperactivation, by its physiologic activator p25, hyper-phosphorylates downstream substrates related to neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes factors such as oxidative stress, DNA damage response, signaling pathway disturbance, and Ubiquitin proteasome malfunction contributing to cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons. It also describes how all these factors are linked to a greater or lesser extent with Cdk5. Thus, it offers a global vision of the function of cell cycle-related proteins in mature neurons with a focus on Cdk5 and how this protein contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease by cell cycle activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain,Correspondence to: Raquel Requejo-Aguilar, PhD, .
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17
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Hu Z, Ondrejcak T, Yu P, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Klyubin I, Kennelly SP, Rowan MJ, Hu NW. Do tau-synaptic long-term depression interactions in the hippocampus play a pivotal role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease? Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1213-1219. [PMID: 36453396 PMCID: PMC9838152 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease correlates with the extent of tau pathology, in particular tau hyperphosphorylation that initially appears in the transentorhinal and related regions of the brain including the hippocampus. Recent evidence indicates that tau hyperphosphorylation caused by either amyloid-β or long-term depression, a form of synaptic weakening involved in learning and memory, share similar mechanisms. Studies from our group and others demonstrate that long-term depression-inducing low-frequency stimulation triggers tau phosphorylation at different residues in the hippocampus under different experimental conditions including aging. Conversely, certain forms of long-term depression at hippocampal glutamatergic synapses require endogenous tau, in particular, phosphorylation at residue Ser396. Elucidating the exact mechanisms of interaction between tau and long-term depression may help our understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of tau/tau (hyper)phosphorylation. We first summarize experimental evidence regarding tau-long-term depression interactions, followed by a discussion of possible mechanisms by which this interplay may influence the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we conclude with some thoughts and perspectives on future research about these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Hu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China,Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tomas Ondrejcak
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pengpeng Yu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P. Kennelly
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neng-Wei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland,Correspondence to: Neng-Wei Hu, .
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18
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Cdk5-p25 as a key element linking amyloid and tau pathologies in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms and possible therapeutic interventions. Life Sci 2022; 308:120986. [PMID: 36152679 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the small atypical serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is expressed in a number of tissues, its activity is restricted to the central nervous system due to the neuron-only localization of its activators p35 and p39. Although its importance for the proper development and function of the brain and its role as a switch between neuronal survival and death are unmistakable and unquestionable, Cdk5 is nevertheless increasingly emerging, as supported by a large number of publications on the subject, as a therapeutic target of choice in the fight against Alzheimer's disease. Thus, its aberrant over activation via the calpain-dependent conversion of p35 into p25 is observed during the pathogenesis of the disease where it leads to the hyperphosphorylation of the β-amyloid precursor protein and tau. The present review highlights the pivotal roles of the hyperactive Cdk5-p25 complex activity in contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on the linking function between Aβ and tau that this kinase fulfils and on the fact that Cdk5-p25 is part of a deleterious feed forward loop giving rise to a molecular machinery runaway leading to AD pathogenesis. Additionally, we discuss the advances and challenges related to the possible strategies aimed at specifically inhibiting Cdk5-p25 activity and which could lead to promising anti-AD therapeutics.
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19
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Skolnick J, Zhou H. Implications of the Essential Role of Small Molecule Ligand Binding Pockets in Protein-Protein Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6853-6867. [PMID: 36044742 PMCID: PMC9484464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and protein-metabolite interactions play a key role in many biochemical processes, yet they are often viewed as being independent. However, the fact that small molecule drugs have been successful in inhibiting PPIs suggests a deeper relationship between protein pockets that bind small molecules and PPIs. We demonstrate that 2/3 of PPI interfaces, including antibody-epitope interfaces, contain at least one significant small molecule ligand binding pocket. In a representative library of 50 distinct protein-protein interactions involving hundreds of mutations, >75% of hot spot residues overlap with small molecule ligand binding pockets. Hence, ligand binding pockets play an essential role in PPIs. In representative cases, evolutionary unrelated monomers that are involved in different multimeric interactions yet share the same pocket are predicted to bind the same metabolites/drugs; these results are confirmed by examples in the PDB. Thus, the binding of a metabolite can shift the equilibrium between monomers and multimers. This implicit coupling of PPI equilibria, termed "metabolic entanglement", was successfully employed to suggest novel functional relationships among protein multimers that do not directly interact. Thus, the current work provides an approach to unify metabolomics and protein interactomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Skolnick
- Center for the Study of Systems
Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Center for the Study of Systems
Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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20
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Wei Y, Zhou X, Chen P, Jiang X, Jiang Z, Dong Z, Pan M, Lu C. BmCDK5 Affects Cell Proliferation and Cytoskeleton Morphology by Interacting with BmCNN in Bombyx mori. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070609. [PMID: 35886785 PMCID: PMC9323621 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ordered cell cycle is important to the proliferation and differentiation of living organisms. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) perform regulatory functions in different phases of the cell cycle process to ensure order. We identified a homologous gene of the Cyclin-dependent kinase family, BmCDK5, in Bombyx mori. BmCDK5 contains the STKc_CDK5 domain. The BmCDK5 gene was highly expressed in S phase. Overexpression of the BmCDK5 gene accelerates the process of the cell cycle's mitotic period (M) and promotes cell proliferation; knocking out the BmCDK5 gene inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, we identified a protein, BmCNN, which can interact with BmCDK5 and represents the same express patterns as the BmCDK5 gene in the cell cycle phase and the spatial-temporal expression of B. mori. This study revealed that BmCDK5 and BmCNN play roles in promoting cell proliferation and regulating cytoskeleton morphology, but do not induce expression changes in microtubule protein. Therefore, our findings provide a new insight; the BmCDK5 gene has a regulatory effect on the cell cycle and proliferation of B. mori, which is presumably due to the interaction between BmCDK5 and BmCNN regulating changes in the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (Z.J.); (Z.D.)
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (Z.J.); (Z.D.)
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (Z.J.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (Z.J.); (Z.D.)
| | - Ziyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (Z.J.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhanqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (Z.J.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Minhui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (Z.J.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-23-6825-0076 (M.P.); Fax: 86-23-6825-1128 (M.P.)
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (Z.J.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-23-6825-0076 (M.P.); Fax: 86-23-6825-1128 (M.P.)
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21
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Zhou H, Zhang J, Shi H, Li P, Sui X, Wang Y, Wang L. Downregulation of CDK5 signaling in the dorsal striatum alters striatal microcircuits implicating the association of pathologies with circadian behavior in mice. Mol Brain 2022; 15:53. [PMID: 35701839 PMCID: PMC9195255 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of striatal dopaminergic circuits has been implicated in motor impairment and Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related circadian perturbations that may represent an early prodromal marker of PD. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) negatively regulates dopamine signaling in the striatum, suggesting a critical role of CDK5 in circadian and sleep disorders. Here, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing to produce mice with a dorsal striatum (DS)-specific knockdown (KD) of the Cdk5 gene (referred to as DS-CDK5-KD mice) and investigate its role in vivo. DS-CDK5-KD mice exhibited deficits in locomotor activity and disturbances in activity/rest behavior. Additionally, Golgi staining of neurons in the DS revealed that CDK5 deletion reduced dendrite length and the number of functional synapses, which was confirmed by significant downregulation of MAP2, PSD-95, and synapsin I. Correlated with this, DS-CDK5-KD mice displayed reduced phosphorylation of Tau at Thr181. Furthermore, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of green fluorescent protein-tagged neurons in the striatum of DS-CDK5-KD mice revealed a decreased frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and altered excitatory/inhibitory synaptic balance. Notably, anterograde labeling showed that CDK5 KD in the DS disrupted long-range projections to the secondary motor cortex, dorsal and ventral thalamic nuclei, and basolateral amygdala, which are involved in the regulation of motor and circadian rhythms in the brain. These findings support a critical role of CDK5 in the DS in maintaining the striatal neural circuitry underlying motor functions and activity/rest associated with circadian rhythms that are perturbed in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huaxiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Liyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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22
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González A, Calfío C, Churruca M, Maccioni RB. Glucose metabolism and AD: evidence for a potential diabetes type 3. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:56. [PMID: 35443732 PMCID: PMC9022265 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-00996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly. Neuronal death and synaptic dysfunctions are considered the main hallmarks of this disease. The latter could be directly associated to an impaired metabolism. In particular, glucose metabolism impairment has demonstrated to be a key regulatory element in the onset and progression of AD, which is why nowadays AD is considered the type 3 diabetes. METHODS We provide a thread regarding the influence of glucose metabolism in AD from three different perspectives: (i) as a regulator of the energy source, (ii) through several metabolic alterations, such as insulin resistance, that modify peripheral signaling pathways that influence activation of the immune system (e.g., insulin resistance, diabetes, etc.), and (iii) as modulators of various key post-translational modifications for protein aggregation, for example, influence on tau hyperphosphorylation and other important modifications, which determine its self-aggregating behavior and hence Alzheimer's pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In this revision, we observed a 3 edge-action in which glucose metabolism impairment is acting in the progression of AD: as blockade of energy source (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction), through metabolic dysregulation and post-translational modifications in key proteins, such as tau. Therefore, the latter would sustain the current hypothesis that AD is, in fact, the novel diabetes type 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea González
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Calfío
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Churruca
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Avda. Vitacura 3568, D 511-512, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine East Campus Hospital Salvador, University of Chile, Salvador 486, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Tsao AN, Chuang YS, Lin YC, Su Y, Chao TC. Dinaciclib inhibits the stemness of two subtypes of human breast cancer cells by targeting the FoxM1 and Hedgehog signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:105. [PMID: 35417031 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin‑dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy are the current standard of care used in the first‑line treatment of hormone receptor‑positive/HER2‑negative metastatic breast cancer (BC). Although CDK4/6 inhibitors mainly target the cell cycle, emerging evidence has indicated further potential roles of CDKs other than regulating cell cycle progression. The G1 and G2/M transition regulators, including cyclins D and E, as well as their catalytic partners, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6, have been reported to play crucial roles in pluripotency maintenance and cell fate decisions of human pluripotent stem cells by controlling transcription factors, signaling pathways and epigenetic regulators. Dinaciclib, a CDK1/2/5/9 inhibitor, is currently being evaluated in clinical trials against various cancer types, including BC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of CDK1/2/5/9 inhibitors in regulating BC stemness remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to examine the stemness‑inhibitory effects of dinaciclib in MCF‑7 (luminal) and HCC‑1806 (triple‑negative) BC cells. We found that this drug not only effectively reduced the self‑renewal abilities and other malignant properties, but also dose‑dependently decreased the protein expression levels of three BC stem cell markers, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) and BMI1 proto‑oncogene, polycomb ring finger (Bmi1), as well as three embryonic stem cell markers, Oct4, Nanog and Sox2. Moreover, the dinaciclib‑induced decrease of Oct4 and Nanog protein expression was able to be restored by co‑treatment with MG‑132, a proteasome inhibitor. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), both a stemness‑stimulating transcription factor and a cell cycle regulator, along with the Hedgehog signaling pathway, were identified as the therapeutic targets of dinaciclib. Collectively, the present results demonstrated a novel role of dinaciclib in suppressing BC stemness and indicated its potential use for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ni Tsao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11200, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Syuan Chuang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11200, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Chun Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11200, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yeu Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11200, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11200, Taiwan, R.O.C
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24
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Alzheimer’s Disease and Tau Self-Assembly: In the Search of the Missing Link. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084192. [PMID: 35457009 PMCID: PMC9032712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, apathy, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Two main pathological hallmarks have been described: neurofibrillary tangles, consisting of tau oligomers (hyperphosphorylated tau) and Aβ plaques. The influence of protein kinases and phosphatases on the hyperphosphorylation of tau is already known. Hyperphosphorylated tau undergoes conformational changes that promote its self-assembly. However, the process involving these mechanisms is yet to be elucidated. In vitro recombinant tau can be aggregated by the action of polyanions, such as heparin, arachidonic acid, and more recently, the action of polyphosphates. However, how that process occurs in vivo is yet to be understood. In this review, searching the most accurate and updated literature on the matter, we focus on the precise molecular events linking tau modifications, its misfolding and the initiation of its pathological self-assembly. Among these, we can identify challenges regarding tau phosphorylation, the link between tau heteroarylations and the onset of its self-assembly, as well as the possible metabolic pathways involving natural polyphosphates, that may play a role in tau self-assembly.
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25
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Hu M, Doyle AD, Yamada KM, Kulkarni AB. Visualization of trigeminal ganglion sensory neuronal signaling regulated by Cdk5. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110458. [PMID: 35263573 PMCID: PMC9004325 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying facial pain are still incompletely understood, posing major therapeutic challenges. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a key neuronal kinase involved in pain signaling. However, the regulatory roles of Cdk5 in facial pain signaling and the possibility of therapeutic intervention at the level of mouse trigeminal ganglion primary neurons remain elusive. In this study, we use optimized intravital imaging to directly compare trigeminal neuronal activities after mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimulation. We then test whether facial inflammatory pain in mice could be alleviated by the Cdk5 inhibitor peptide TFP5. We demonstrate regulation of total Ca2+ intensity by Cdk5 activity using transgenic and knockout mouse models. In mice with vibrissal pad inflammation, application of TFP5 specifically decreases total Ca2+ intensity in response to noxious stimuli. It also alleviates inflammation-induced allodynia by inhibiting activation of trigeminal peripheral sensory neurons. Cdk5 inhibitors may provide promising non-opioid candidates for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Hu
- Functional Genomics Section and Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, MSC 4359, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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26
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Daniels MH, Malojcic G, Clugston SL, Williams B, Coeffet-Le Gal M, Pan-Zhou XR, Venkatachalan S, Harmange JC, Ledeboer M. Discovery and Optimization of Highly Selective Inhibitors of CDK5. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3575-3596. [PMID: 35143203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent monogenic human disease, but to date, only one therapy (tolvaptan) is approved to treat kidney cysts in ADPKD patients. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), an atypical member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, has been implicated as a target for treating ADPKD. However, no compounds have been disclosed to date that selectively inhibit CDK5 while sparing the broader CDK family members. Herein, we report the discovery of CDK5 inhibitors, including GFB-12811, that are highly selective over the other tested kinases. In cellular assays, our compounds demonstrate CDK5 target engagement while avoiding anti-proliferative effects associated with inhibiting other CDKs. In addition, we show that the compounds in this series exhibit promising in vivo PK profiles, enabling their use as tool compounds for interrogating the role of CDK5 in ADPKD and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Daniels
- Goldfinch Bio, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Goran Malojcic
- Goldfinch Bio, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Susan L Clugston
- Goldfinch Bio, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brett Williams
- Goldfinch Bio, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Xin-Ru Pan-Zhou
- Goldfinch Bio, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | - Mark Ledeboer
- Goldfinch Bio, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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27
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Li Y, Yao F, Jiao Z, Su X, Wu T, Peng J, Yang Z, Chen W, Yang A. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 promotes the growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through the microRNA 513c-5p/cell division cycle 25B pathway and is associated with a poor prognosis. Cancer 2022; 128:1775-1786. [PMID: 35143052 PMCID: PMC9303762 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in regulating the growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Methods The authors used multiple methods to detect the levels of CDK5 expression in samples of TSCC and to explore the relation between CDK5 expression and various clinicopathologic factors. In vivo and in vitro cell experiments were performed to detect the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TSCC cells with CDK5 knockdown or overexpression. These studies verified that CDK5 regulates the occurrence and development of TSCC cells through the microRNA 513c‐5p/cell division cycle 25B pathway. Results An elevated level of CDK5 expression in TSCC tissues was identified as an independent risk factor affecting TSCC growth and patient prognosis. Patients who had TSCC with low levels of CDK5 expression had a higher survival rate than those with high levels. Knockdown of CDK5 reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the authors observed that CDK5 regulated the growth of TSCC through the microRNA 513c‐5p/cell division cycle C25B pathway. Conclusions CDK5 functions as an oncogene in TSCC and might serve as a molecular marker for use in the diagnosis and treatment of TSCC. Lay Summary Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is 1 of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, and the survival rate of patients with tongue cancer has been very low. Therefore, it is important to study the molecular mechanism of TSCC progression to identify biomarkers that can be used to improve its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is an atypical member of the cyclin‐dependent kinase family and is involved in regulating the cell cycle. Changes in the cell cycle are of great significance for the occurrence and development of tumor cells; and, in recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that CDK5 exists in a disordered state in cancer cells. In this study, the authors demonstrate that CDK5 functions as an oncogene in TSCC and might serve as a molecular marker for use in the diagnosis and treatment of TSCC.
The role of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 and its molecular mechanism in regulating the growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) are investigated. The results indicate that cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 is involved in the occurrence and development of TSCC and could possibly serve as a new prognostic marker and molecular target for treating TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zan Jiao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankui Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhu XC, Liu L, Dai WZ, Ma T. Crry silencing alleviates Alzheimer's disease injury by regulating neuroinflammatory cytokines and the complement system. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1841-1849. [PMID: 35017447 PMCID: PMC8820699 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (CR1) expression is positively related to the abundance of phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (tau), and CR1 expression is associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease. However, the exact role of CR1 in tau protein-associated neurodegenerative diseases is unknown. In this study, we show that the mouse Cr1-related protein Y (Crry) gene, Crry, is localized to microglia. We also found that Crry protein expression in the hippocampus and cortex was significantly elevated in P301S mice (a mouse model widely used for investigating tau pathology) compared with that in wild-type mice. Tau protein phosphorylation (at serine 202, threonine 205, threonine 231, and serine 262) and expression of the major tau kinases glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 were greater in P301S mice than in wild-type mice. Crry silencing by lentivirus-transfected short hairpin RNA led to greatly reduced tau phosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 activity. Crry silencing reduced neuronal apoptosis and rescued cognitive impairment of P301S mice. Crry silencing also reduced the levels of the neuroinflammatory factors interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 and the complement components complement 3 and complement component 3b. Our results suggest that Crry silencing in the P301S mouse model reduces tau protein phosphorylation by reducing the levels of neuroinflammation and complement components, thereby improving cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Zhuo Dai
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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29
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Nie J, Zhang Y, Ning L, Yan Z, Duan L, Xi H, Niu Q, Zhang Q. Phosphorylation of p53 by Cdk5 contributes to benzo[a]pyrene-induced neuronal apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:17-27. [PMID: 34529316 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a ubiquitous carcinogenic pollutant in the environment, however, the potential neurotoxic effects of B[a]P has not been elucidated clearly. In the present study, we explored the potential involvement of p53 phosphorylation by Cdk5 in B[a]P-induced neuronal apoptosis at both in vitro and in vivo settings. For in vitro studies, primary cortical neurons isolated from the brains of Sprague Dawley (SD) rat pup were exposed to 0, 10, 20, and 40 μM of B[a]P for 12, 24, or 48 h. For in vivo studies, SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 1.0, 2.5, and 6.25 mg/kg of B[a]P every other day for 1, 2, or 3 months. Our results demonstrated that exposure to B[a]P caused a dose- and a time-dependent increase in neuronal apoptotic ratio in both in vitro and in vivo studies. There was also a dose- and a time-dependent upregulation of p35, p25, Cdk5, and phosphorylated p53 at Ser15 after B[a]P exposure. In order to explore whether B[a]P-induced increased neuronal apoptosis was through Cdk5/p53 pathway, roscovitine, a specific Cdk5 inhibitor, was applied to pretreat neurons prior to B[a]P exposure. The results showed that pretreatment of neurons with roscovitine partially rescued cells from B[a]P-induced apoptosis, and alleviated B[a]P-induced upregulation of phosphorylated p53 at Ser15. Our results suggest that Cdk5/p53 signaling pathway may be involved in B[a]P-induced neuronal apoptosis, which will provide information to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lijun Ning
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaxing Xi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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30
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Ding Y, Zhang L, Zhou W, Lu H, Gao X, Li J, Liu J, Niu X, Zheng J. Role of cyclin‑dependent kinase 5 in early brain injury following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:147. [PMID: 35069828 PMCID: PMC8756392 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that early brain injury (EBI) can contribute to poor outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and is associated with apoptosis. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a key mediator of neuronal viability. The role of Cdk5 in several neurological disorders has been elucidated; however, its role in EBI after SAH remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the involvement of Cdk5 in EBI after SAH. The expression levels of Cdk5, Cdk5 phosphorylated at Tyr15 (Cdk5-pTyr15) and p25 (a Cdk5 activator) were assessed by western blotting, and the cell distribution of Cdk5 was demonstrated by double immunofluorescence. The expression levels of caspase-3 and cytochrome c were evaluated by western blotting to assess the severity of neuronal apoptosis. Nissl and TUNEL staining experiments were performed to observe the effects of roscovitine, a Cdk5 inhibitor, on EBI following SAH. The results indicated that the expression levels of Cdk5, p25 and Cdk5-pTyr15 significantly increased in the rat temporal cortex following SAH. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that Cdk5 was expressed in the neurons and astrocytes of the rat cortex after SAH and that Cdk5 underwent nuclear translocation in neurons. Roscovitine administration effectively inhibited Cdk5 activation. In conclusion, roscovitine treatment significantly mitigated EBI and alleviated cerebral edema following SAH. These findings suggest that Cdk5 is an important target in SAH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Liexiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Hai Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xingde Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Jingde Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
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31
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Sui R, Shi W, Han S, Fan X, Zhang X, Wang N, Zhang H, Xu A, Liu C. MiR-142-5p directly targets cyclin-dependent kinase 5-mediated upregulation of the inflammatory process in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:236-245. [PMID: 34875451 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. MiR-142-5p is an important inflammation-associated miRNA, whose abnormal expression has been associated with a variety of inflammation-related diseases. However, the role and signaling pathways targeted by miR-142-5p in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma (AMEC) have not been fully elucidated. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a special member of the CDK family compared with classic cyclins that plays a critical role in the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the roles of miR-142-5p and CDK5 in inflammatory responses in AMEC. Our results revealed that the expression of miR-142-5p was significantly reduced in AMEC, and was negatively correlated with the expression of CDK5 (r=-0.5451). We also found that miR-142-5p can inhibit CDK5 expression by directly target 3' untranslated region (UTR) of CDK5. Additionally, our findings indicated that the increased expression of CDK5 induces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In order to further confirm the involvement of miR-142-5p in the regulation of the inflammatory response in AMEC through its inhibitory effect on CDK5 expression, we studied the inflammatory response in HaCaT cells transfected with small interfering RNA against CDK5 (si-CDK5) and a miR-142-5p inhibitor. The results confirmed that miR-142-5p regulates the inflammatory response in AMEC by downregulating CDK5. In summary, miR-142-5p directly inhibits the CDK5-mediated upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in AMEC, which makes it a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcui Sui
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhoucun District People's Hospital, 72 Mianhua Shi Road, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhui Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xintai Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianzhao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Jining, 6 Health Road, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Anting Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 274 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China; Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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32
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Terse A, Amin N, Hall B, Bhaskar M, Binukumar B, Utreras E, Pareek TK, Pant H, Kulkarni AB. Protocols for Characterization of Cdk5 Kinase Activity. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e276. [PMID: 34679246 PMCID: PMC8555461 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are generally known to be involved in controlling the cell cycle, but Cdk5 is a unique member of this protein family for being most active in post-mitotic neurons. Cdk5 is developmentally important in regulating neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth, and axon guidance. Cdk5 is enriched in synaptic membranes and is known to modulate synaptic activity. Postnatally, Cdk5 can also affect neuronal processes such as dopaminergic signaling and pain sensitivity. Dysregulated Cdk5, in contrast, has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite primarily being implicated in neuronal development and activity, Cdk5 has lately been linked to non-neuronal functions including cancer cell growth, immune responses, and diabetes. Since Cdk5 activity is tightly regulated, a method for measuring its kinase activity is needed to fully understand the precise role of Cdk5 in developmental and disease processes. This article includes methods for detecting Cdk5 kinase activity in cultured cells or tissues, identifying new substrates, and screening for new kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, since Cdk5 shares homology and substrate specificity with Cdk1 and Cdk2, the Cdk5 kinase assay can be used, with modification, to measure the activity of other Cdks as well. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol 1: Measuring Cdk5 activity from protein lysates Support Protocol 1: Immunoprecipitation of Cdk5 using Dynabeads Alternate Protocol: Non-radioactive protocols to measure Cdk5 kinase activity Support Protocol 2: Western blot analysis for the detection of Cdk5, p35, and p39 Support Protocol 3: Immunodetection analysis for Cdk5, p35, and p39 Support Protocol 4: Genetically engineered mice (+ and - controls) Basic Protocol 2: Identifying new Cdk5 substrates and kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Terse
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niranjana Amin
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bradford Hall
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manju Bhaskar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.K Binukumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Elias Utreras
- Department of Biology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Harish Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashok B. Kulkarni
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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33
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Xie W, Fang Q, Guo J, Gong L, Li C, Zhang Y. Phosphorylation of Pit-1 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 at serine 126 is associated with cell proliferation and poor prognosis in prolactinomas. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pit-1 (POU1F1) is a POU-homeodomain transcription factor, and it is one of the most important tissue-specific transcription factors in pituitary development. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a protein kinase that can phosphorylate many key transcription factors, but the mechanism under which CDK5 phosphorylates Pit-1 is unclear. To investigate whether CDK5 can regulate cell proliferation and promote hormone secretion through phosphorylation of Ser126-Pit-1 in prolactinomas, we generated an antibody that specifically recognizes phosphorylated serine at position 126 of Pit-1 (Ser126-Pit-1). We used western blotting to detect the level of Pit-1 phosphorylation and observed the proliferation and apoptosis of GH3 cells with different levels of Pit-1 phosphorylation by clone formation experiments, cell viability assays, and flow cytometry. ELISA was used to measure the level of PRL in the supernatant of GH3 cells. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of the phosphorylation level of Ser126-Pit-1 (pSer126-Pit-1) in prolactinomas. Our data indicated that Ser126-Pit-1 is specifically phosphorylated by CDK5 and high-level pSer-126-Pit-1 can promote cell proliferation and PRL secretion. In addition, a higher level of pSer-126-Pit-1 correlates with a worse prognosis in patients with prolactinoma. Our results show that CDK5 mediated Ser126-Pit-1 phosphorylation and regulated prolactinoma progression and PRL secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University , No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District , Beijing , China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University , No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District , Beijing , China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University , No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District , Beijing , China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University , No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District , Beijing , China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University , No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District , Beijing , China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University , No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District , Beijing , China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research , Beijing , China
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34
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Gavrilovici C, Jiang Y, Kiroski I, Sterley TL, Vandal M, Bains J, Park SK, Rho JM, Teskey GC, Nguyen MD. Behavioral Deficits in Mice with Postnatal Disruption of Ndel1 in Forebrain Excitatory Neurons: Implications for Epilepsy and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgaa096. [PMID: 33615226 PMCID: PMC7876307 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of nuclear distribution element-like 1 (Ndel1) is associated with schizophrenia, a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and with seizures as comorbidity. The levels of Ndel1 are also altered in human and models with epilepsy, a chronic condition whose hallmark feature is the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures and is typically associated with comorbid conditions including learning and memory deficits, anxiety, and depression. In this study, we analyzed the behaviors of mice postnatally deficient for Ndel1 in forebrain excitatory neurons (Ndel1 CKO) that exhibit spatial learning and memory deficits, seizures, and shortened lifespan. Ndel1 CKO mice underperformed in species-specific tasks, that is, the nest building, open field, Y maze, forced swim, and dry cylinder tasks. We surveyed the expression and/or activity of a dozen molecules related to Ndel1 functions and found changes that may contribute to the abnormal behaviors. Finally, we tested the impact of Reelin glycoprotein that shows protective effects in the hippocampus of Ndel1 CKO, on the performance of the mutant animals in the nest building task. Our study highlights the importance of Ndel1 in the manifestation of species-specific animal behaviors that may be relevant to our understanding of the clinical conditions shared between neuropsychiatric disorders and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Gavrilovici
- Departments of Neurosciences & Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Yulan Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ivana Kiroski
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Toni-Lee Sterley
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Milene Vandal
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jaideep Bains
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jong M Rho
- Departments of Neurosciences & Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - G Campbell Teskey
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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35
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Tatum NJ, Endicott JA. Chatterboxes: the structural and functional diversity of cyclins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:4-20. [PMID: 32414682 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the cyclin family have divergent sequences and execute diverse roles within the cell while sharing a common fold: the cyclin box domain. Structural studies of cyclins have played a key role in our characterization and understanding of cellular processes that they control, though to date only ten of the 29 CDK-activating cyclins have been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy with or without their cognate kinases. In this review, we survey the available structures of human cyclins, highlighting their molecular features in the context of their cellular roles. We pay particular attention to how cyclin activity is regulated through fine control of degradation motif recognition and ubiquitination. Finally, we discuss the emergent roles of cyclins independent of their roles as cyclin-dependent protein kinase activators, demonstrating the cyclin box domain to be a versatile and generalized scaffolding domain for protein-protein interactions across the cellular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Tatum
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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36
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Yan Y, Yan H, Teng Y, Wang Q, Yang P, Zhang L, Cheng H, Fu S. Long non‐coding RNA 00507/miRNA‐181c‐5p/TTBK1/MAPT axis regulates tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3268. [PMID: 32891070 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Tianjin China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Tianjin China
| | - Ying Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Tianjin Second People's Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Tianjin China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Tianjin China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Tianjin China
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Tianjin China
| | - Siwen Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Tianjin China
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37
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Shukla M, Vincent B. The multi-faceted impact of methamphetamine on Alzheimer's disease: From a triggering role to a possible therapeutic use. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101062. [PMID: 32304732 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been initially synthesized for therapeutic purposes and currently FDA-approved and prescribed for obesity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy and depression, methamphetamine became a recreational drug that is nowadays massively manufactured illegally. Because it is a powerful and extremely addictive psychotropic agent, its abuse has turned out to become a major health problem worldwide. Importantly, the numerous effects triggered by this drug induce neurotoxicity in the brain ultimately leading to serious neurological impairments, tissue damage and neuropsychological disturbances that are reminiscent to most of the symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease and other pathological manifestations in aging brain. In this context, there is a growing number of compelling evidence linking methamphetamine abuse with a higher probability of developing premature Alzheimer's disease and consequent neurodegeneration. This review proposes to establish a broad assessment of the effects that this drug can generate at the cellular and molecular levels in connection with the development of the age-related Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, the objective is to warn against the long-term effects that methamphetamine abuse may convey on young consumers and the increased risk of developing this devastating brain disorder at later stages of their lives, but also to discuss a more recently emerging concept suggesting a possible use of methamphetamine for treating this pathology under proper and strictly controlled conditions.
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38
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Guo FL, Gao X, Xie X, Liu S, Yang X, Yang X, Zhang L, Ye Y, Fan L, Wang J. Metformin Ameliorates Synaptic Defects in a Mouse Model of AD by Inhibiting Cdk5 Activity. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:170. [PMID: 32670025 PMCID: PMC7327108 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase that is activated by the neuron-specific activators p35/p39 and plays important roles in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive behavior. However, the proteolytic cleavage of p35 to p25 leads to prolonged and aberrant Cdk5 activation and results in synaptic depression, highly mimicking the early pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, Cdk5 inhibition is a potential promising strategy for AD drug development. Here in the present study, we showed that metformin, the most widely used drug for type 2 diabetes, suppressed Cdk5 hyper-activation and Cdk5-dependent tau hyper-phosphorylation in the APP/PS1 mouse hippocampus. We also identified the underlying molecular and cellular mechanism that metformin prevented Cdk5 hyper-activation by inhibiting the calpain-dependent cleavage of p35 into p25. Moreover, chronic metformin treatment rescued the core phenotypes in APP/PS1 mice as evidenced by restored spine density, surface GluA1 trafficking, Long-term potentiation (LTP) expression, and spatial memory. Altogether our study discovered an unidentified role of metformin in suppressing Cdk5 hyper-activation and thus preventing AD pathogenesis and suggested that metformin is a potential promising AD therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaLi Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - JianHua Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fang-Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, Anyang District Hospital of Puyang City, Anyang, China
| | - XiaHuan Gao
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Tongchuan, Tongchuan, China
| | - Xine Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jinhua, Jinhua, China
| | - ShouQing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jinhua, Jinhua, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - XinFeng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - LuYi Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - YuXiao Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - LiBing Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - JianGang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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39
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Petroni G, Formenti SC, Chen-Kiang S, Galluzzi L. Immunomodulation by anticancer cell cycle inhibitors. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:669-679. [PMID: 32346095 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle proteins that are often dysregulated in malignant cells, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6, have attracted considerable interest as potential targets for cancer therapy. In this context, multiple inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 have been developed, including three small molecules (palbociclib, abemaciclib and ribociclib) that are currently approved for the treatment of patients with breast cancer and are being extensively tested in individuals with other solid and haematological malignancies. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that the anticancer activity of CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors results not only from their ability to block the cell cycle in malignant cells but also from a range of immunostimulatory effects. In this Review, we discuss the ability of anticancer cell cycle inhibitors to modulate various immune functions in support of effective antitumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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40
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Le ST, Morris MA, Cardone A, Guros NB, Klauda JB, Sperling BA, Richter CA, Pant HC, Balijepalli A. Rapid, quantitative therapeutic screening for Alzheimer's enzymes enabled by optimal signal transduction with transistors. Analyst 2020; 145:2925-2936. [PMID: 32159165 PMCID: PMC7443690 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that commercially sourced n-channel silicon field-effect transistors (nFETs) operating above their threshold voltage with closed loop feedback to maintain a constant channel current allow a pH readout resolution of (7.2 ± 0.3) × 10-3 at a bandwidth of 10 Hz, or ≈3-fold better than the open loop operation commonly employed by integrated ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs). We leveraged the improved nFET performance to measure the change in solution pH arising from the activity of a pathological form of the kinase Cdk5, an enzyme implicated in Alzheimer's disease, and showed quantitative agreement with previous measurements. The improved pH resolution was realized while the devices were operated in a remote sensing configuration with the pH sensing element off-chip and connected electrically to the FET gate terminal. We compared these results with those measured by using a custom-built dual-gate 2D field-effect transistor (dg2DFET) fabricated with 2D semi-conducting MoS2 channels and a signal amplification of 8. Under identical solution conditions the nFET performance approached the dg2DFETs pH resolution of (3.9 ± 0.7) × 10-3. Finally, using the nFETs, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a custom polypeptide, p5, as a therapeutic agent in restoring the function of Cdk5. We expect that the straight-forward modifications to commercially sourced nFETs demonstrated here will lower the barrier to widespread adoption of these remote-gate devices and enable sensitive bioanalytical measurements for high throughput screening in drug discovery and precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son T. Le
- Alternative Computing Group, Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michelle A. Morris
- Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Antonio Cardone
- Information Systems Group, Software and Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nicholas B. Guros
- Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jeffery B. Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brent A. Sperling
- Chemical Process and Nuclear Measurements Group, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Curt A. Richter
- Alternative Computing Group, Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Harish C. Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arvind Balijepalli
- Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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41
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Kiss E, Groeneweg F, Gorgas K, Schlicksupp A, Kins S, Kirsch J, Kuhse J. Amyloid-β Fosters p35/CDK5 Signaling Contributing to Changes of Inhibitory Synapses in Early Stages of Cerebral Amyloidosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:1167-1187. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kiss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, “Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Femke Groeneweg
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Gorgas
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlicksupp
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joachim Kirsch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuhse
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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42
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Gonzalez L, Nebreda AR. RINGO/Speedy proteins, a family of non-canonical activators of CDK1 and CDK2. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:21-27. [PMID: 32317145 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) require the binding to a regulatory subunit to acquire enzymatic activity, and cyclins are the canonical CDK activators. However, there are specific situations in which CDKs can be activated by non-cyclin proteins that are less characterized. This review focuses on the family of RINGO/Speedy proteins, which have no sequence amino acid homology to cyclins but can bind to and activate CDK1 and CDK2. Interestingly, RINGO/Speedy proteins can activate CDKs under conditions in which CDK-cyclin complexes would not be active, and there is evidence that RINGO/Speedy-activated CDKs can phosphorylate different sites than the cyclin-activated CDKs. RINGO/Speedy proteins were originally described in Xenopus oocytes, but their roles in mammalian cells have also been addressed. We will summarize the properties of RINGO/Speedy proteins and how they trigger CDK activation, and discuss recent studies that characterized their physiological functions. In particular, studies using genetically modified mice have shown that RingoA, also known as Spy1, plays a key role in meiosis regulation. Emerging evidence also suggests a potential role for RingoA/Spy1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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43
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He F, Qi G, Zhang Q, Cai H, Li T, Li M, Zhang Q, Chen J, Ming J, Tian B, Zhang P. Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis in Alpha-Synuclein Transgenic Mice Reveals the Involvement of Aberrant p25/Cdk5 Signaling in Early-stage Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:897-909. [PMID: 32016637 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A30P and A53T mutations in the gene encoding alpha-synuclein-a presynaptic protein-are the most frequently identified genetic causes of Parkinson's disease (PD). Aberrant alpha-synuclein likely plays central roles in dopaminergic neuronal death and motor symptoms in PD. This study investigated the protein phosphorylation profile in early-stage PD through phosphoproteomic analyses of tissue samples from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of 6-month-old alpha-synuclein transgenic mice (A30P/A53T double-mutant human alpha-synuclein; hm2α-SYN-39 strain). We identified 5351 phosphorylation sites in 2136 phosphoproteins. Of these, 357 upregulated sites in 245 proteins and 50 downregulated sites in 46 proteins were differentially phosphorylated between alpha-synuclein transgenic and wildtype mice. Bioinformatic analyses, including Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment, and motif analyses, were used to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying double-mutant human alpha-synuclein overexpression. Scansite-based computational analysis and prediction of differentially quantitated phosphoproteins identified the neuronal protein cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) as the most significantly enriched kinase. Biochemical experiments suggested that the p25/Cdk5 pathway was activated in an MPP+-induced cell culture model and MPTP-induced mouse model. Moreover, Cdk5 could directly phosphorylate the Ank2 protein at Ser1889 in vitro. Therefore, quantitative phosphoproteomic using an alpha-synuclein transgenic mouse model offers a powerful approach for elucidating the protein phosphorylation mechanism underlying SNpc dopaminergic neuronal death in an animal model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjian Qi
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxia Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Oner M, Lin E, Chen MC, Hsu FN, Shazzad Hossain Prince GM, Chiu KY, Teng CLJ, Yang TY, Wang HY, Yue CH, Yu CH, Lai CH, Hsieh JT, Lin H. Future Aspects of CDK5 in Prostate Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163881. [PMID: 31395805 PMCID: PMC6720211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a unique member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family. CDK5 is activated by binding with its regulatory proteins, mainly p35, and its activation is essential in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurodegeneration. Recently, it has been reported that CDK5 plays important roles in regulating various biological and pathological processes, including cancer progression. Concerning prostate cancer, the androgen receptor (AR) is majorly involved in tumorigenesis, while CDK5 can phosphorylate AR and promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Clinical evidence has also shown that the level of CDK5 is associated with the progression of prostate cancer. Interestingly, inhibition of CDK5 prevents prostate cancer cell growth, while drug-triggered CDK5 hyperactivation leads to apoptosis. The blocking of CDK5 activity by its small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or Roscovitine, a pan-CDK inhibitor, reduces the cellular AR protein level and triggers the death of prostate cancer cells. Thus, CDK5 plays a crucial role in the growth of prostate cancer cells, and AR regulation is one of the important pathways. In this review paper, we summarize the significant studies on CDK5-mediated regulation of prostate cancer cells. We propose that the CDK5–p35 complex might be an outstanding candidate as a diagnostic marker and potential target for prostate cancer treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Oner
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ning Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | | | - Kun-Yuan Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal, Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Herng Yue
- Department of Surgery, Tung's Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung Medical University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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