1
|
Ye Y, Lei M, Chen L, Song R, Zhao F, Zhang L. Efficacy of technology-based cognitive and exercise interventions for mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Ageing Res Rev 2024:102438. [PMID: 39069094 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology has been increasingly integrated into controlling the decline of cognitive function. It is unclear whether technology-based cognitive and exercise interventions (T-CEIs) could generate synergistic benefits and what components would optimize this effect. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of various T-CEIs on cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS In this study, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and APA PsycInfo from inception to November 4, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of T-CEIs on cognitive function for individuals with MCI. The primary outcome was global cognition. The outcomes were summarized in narrative synthesis and combined using meta-analysis. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were sequentially performed to investigate the effects of each category of interventions and their comparative intervention effectiveness, respectively. Meta-regression was performed to examine the influence of study design and participants' characteristics on the intervention effectiveness. This systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42023486359). RESULTS Twenty-eight studies with 1633 participants were included. The results of pairwise meta-analyses indicated that T-CEIs were superior to active/passive controls in improving global cognition, cognitive shifting, processing speed, working memory, delayed recall, and category fluency (p < 0.05). The results of network meta-analyses indicated that the optimal components in improving global cognition (SUCRA 77.0%, SMD 0.85, 95% CI -0.17 to 1.87) and cognitive shifting (SUCRA 92.4%, SMD 1.57, 95% CI 0.88-2.25) were cognitive stimulation (CS) combined with mind-body exercise (MBE), while cognitive training combined with MBE was the most beneficial in developing processing speed (SUCRA 88.5%, SMD 0.68, 95% CI 0.14-1.22). Meta-regression further suggested that the effects of the tested interventions were independent of the various factors related to study design and participants' characteristics. CONCLUSIONS T-CEIs are effective in improving global cognition and core subdomains of cognition in individuals with MCI. This review highlights the superior effects of technology-based CS combined with MBE in improving global cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ye
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liangying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fengjiao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu Z, Tang J, Yi W. Evidence mapping and quality assessment of systematic reviews on exercise intervention for Alzheimer's disease. Complement Ther Med 2024; 84:103065. [PMID: 38955283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant body of literature suggests that exercise can reverse cognitive impairment and ameliorate somatic function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Systematic reviews (SRs), a common approach of evidence-based medicine, concentrate on a specific issue of a research area. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of existing evidence on the effects of exercise intervention in AD patients and report related health outcomes by reviewing SRs. METHODS SRs on exercise intervention in AD patients were retrieved from the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CBMdisc, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase (via Ovid), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases from the time of inception to February 2023. The quality of the SRs was evaluated utilizing the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review 2 (AMSTAR 2) checklist. The results were reported according to the population-intervention-comparison-outcome (PICO) framework and the corresponding evidence mapping was illustrated in tables and bubble plots. RESULTS A total of 26 SRs met the eligibility criteria. In terms of methodological quality, 10 SRs were rated as "critically low", 13 SRs were rated as "low", and 3 SRs were rated as "moderate". Exercise was found to exert a beneficial effect on cognitive function, functional independence, physical function, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD. CONCLUSION Exercise intervention benefits AD patients mainly by improving cognitive function, physical function, functional independence, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, due to the low-to-moderate methodology of most SRs included in this analysis, further investigations are required to support our current findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Xu
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxing Tang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Yi
- Middle School Affiliated to Qingpu Teachers Training College of Shanghai, Shanghai, China; School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han Z, Zhang L, Ma M, Keshavarzi M. Effects of MicroRNAs and Long Non-coding RNAs on Beneficial Action of Exercise on Cognition in Degenerative Diseases: A Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04292-4. [PMID: 38869810 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has exposed a growing body of proof underscoring the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the physical composition of neurons and influencing cognitive functioning in both standard and atypical circumstances. Extensive research has been conducted on the possible application of miRNAs and lncRNAs as biomarkers for various diseases, with a particular focus on brain disorders, as they possess remarkable durability in cell-free surroundings and can endure repeated freezing and thawing processes. It is intriguing to note that miRNAs and lncRNAs have the ability to function through paracrine mechanisms, thereby playing a role in communication between different organs. Recent research has proposed that the improvement of cognitive abilities through physical exercise in mentally healthy individuals is a valuable method for uncovering potential connections between miRNAs, or microRNAs, and lncRNAs, and human cognitive function. The process of cross-correlating data from disease models and patients with existing data will be crucial in identifying essential miRNAs and lncRNAs, which can potentially act as biomarkers or drug targets in the treatment of cognitive disorders. By combining this method with additional research in animal models, we can determine the function of these molecules and their potential impact on therapy. This article discusses the latest research about the primary miRNAs, lncRNAs, and their exosomes that are affected by physical activity in terms of human cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Capital University Of Physical Education And Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Minhang Ma
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maryam Keshavarzi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Caldarelli M, Rio P, Marrone A, Ocarino F, Chiantore M, Candelli M, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G, Cianci R. Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Sex Differences in Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5377. [PMID: 38791415 PMCID: PMC11120930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the concept of the "gut-brain axis". In addition to well-studied diseases associated with an imbalance in gut microbiota, such as cancer, chronic inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases, research is now exploring the potential role of gut microbial dysbiosis in the onset and development of brain-related diseases. When the function of the intestinal barrier is altered by dysbiosis, the aberrant immune system response interacts with the nervous system, leading to a state of "neuroinflammation". The gut microbiota-brain axis is mediated by inflammatory and immunological mechanisms, neurotransmitters, and neuroendocrine pathways. This narrative review aims to illustrate the molecular basis of neuroinflammation and elaborate on the concept of the gut-brain axis by virtue of analyzing the various metabolites produced by the gut microbiome and how they might impact the nervous system. Additionally, the current review will highlight how sex influences these molecular mechanisms. In fact, sex hormones impact the brain-gut microbiota axis at different levels, such as the central nervous system, the enteric nervous one, and enteroendocrine cells. A deeper understanding of the gut-brain axis in human health and disease is crucial to guide diagnoses, treatments, and preventive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caldarelli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Rio
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Marrone
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ocarino
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Chiantore
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Liu C, Li W, Dai Y, Gu C, Zhou W, Ciliberto VC, Liang J, Udhaya KS, Guan D, Hu Z, Zheng H, Chen H, Liu Z, Wan YW, Sun Z. Multi-omics delineate growth factor network underlying exercise effects in an Alzheimer's mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592289. [PMID: 38746443 PMCID: PMC11092636 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise represents a primary defense against age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). To impartially investigate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted single-nucleus transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility analyses (snRNA-seq and ATAC-seq) on the hippocampus of mice carrying AD-linked NL-G-F mutations in the amyloid precursor protein gene (APPNL-G-F) following prolonged voluntary wheel-running exercise. Our study reveals that exercise mitigates amyloid-induced changes in both transcriptomic expression and chromatin accessibility through cell type-specific transcriptional regulatory networks. These networks converge on the activation of growth factor signaling pathways, particularly the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin signaling, correlating with an increased proportion of immature dentate granule cells and oligodendrocytes. Notably, the beneficial effects of exercise on neurocognitive functions can be blocked by pharmacological inhibition of EGFR and the downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K). Furthermore, exercise leads to elevated levels of heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF) in the blood, and intranasal administration of HB-EGF enhances memory function in sedentary APPNL-G-F mice. These findings offer a panoramic delineation of cell type-specific hippocampal transcriptional networks activated by exercise and suggest EGF-related growth factor signaling as a druggable contributor to exercise-induced memory enhancement, thereby suggesting therapeutic avenues for combatting AD-related cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Medicine – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chaozhong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Medicine – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yanwan Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chaohao Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Medicine – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Veronica C. Ciliberto
- Department of Medicine – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Medicine – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kumar. S Udhaya
- Department of Medicine – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Department of Medicine – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Department of Medicine – Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Medicine – Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv S, Wang Q, Liu W, Zhang X, Cui M, Li X, Xu Y. Comparison of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients: A network meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 115:105113. [PMID: 37418819 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise helps enhance cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients, although the most effective forms of exercise remain unknown. METHODS This network meta-analysis was registered in INPLASY (INPLASY202330066). According to predetermined criteria, this investigation comprised randomized controlled studies involving exercise therapies in people with Alzheimer's disease. The exercise intervention was ranked using surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) and mean ranking, with the critical goal outcomes being overall cognition, executive function, and memory function. RESULTS Resistance exercise is the most likely strategy to be beneficial for slowing down overall cognitive function loss in Alzheimer's patients (72.4%). Additionally, multi-component exercise was the most effective way to improve executive function (30.4%). The only type of exercise that significantly affects memory function is resistance exercise. Memory is the cognitive function that is least responsive to exercise. CONCLUSION Resistance exercise may be an efficient intervention for overall cognitive function decline in patients with Alzheimer's and conjointly for their memory function. Multi-component exercise is more effective in improving executive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cummings JL, Osse AML, Kinney JW. Alzheimer's Disease: Novel Targets and Investigational Drugs for Disease Modification. Drugs 2023; 83:1387-1408. [PMID: 37728864 PMCID: PMC10582128 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel agents addressing non-amyloid, non-tau targets in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) comprise 70% of the AD drug development pipeline of agents currently in clinical trials. Most of the target processes identified in the Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO) are represented by novel agents in trials. Inflammation and synaptic plasticity/neuroprotection are the CADRO categories with the largest number of novel candidate therapies. Within these categories, there are few overlapping targets among the test agents. Additional categories being evaluated include apolipoprotein E [Formula: see text] 4 (APOE4) effects, lipids and lipoprotein receptors, neurogenesis, oxidative stress, bioenergetics and metabolism, vascular factors, cell death, growth factors and hormones, circadian rhythm, and epigenetic regulators. We highlight current drugs being tested within these categories and their mechanisms. Trials will be informative regarding which targets can be modulated to produce a slowing of clinical decline. Possible therapeutic combinations of agents may be suggested by trial outcomes. Biomarkers are evolving in concert with new targets and novel agents, and biomarker outcomes offer a means of supporting disease modification by the putative treatment. Identification of novel targets and development of corresponding therapeutics offer an important means of advancing new treatments for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Cummings
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- , 1380 Opal Valley Street, Henderson, Nevada, 89052, USA.
| | - Amanda M Leisgang Osse
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jefferson W Kinney
- Department of Brain Health, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin Y, Wei C, Huang X, Zhang D, Zhang L, Li X. Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Verification of Exercise for Aging Mice in Different Brain Regions Based on Transcriptome Sequencing. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1988. [PMID: 37895370 PMCID: PMC10608440 DOI: 10.3390/life13101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical exercise mitigates the effects of aging and cognitive decline. However, the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of exercise on age-related memory deficits in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus using bioinformatic analysis and biochemical verification. METHODS Young and aging mice were subjected to natural feeding or treadmill exercise (12 m/min, 8 weeks). Cognitive function was accessed using the Barnes maze and novel object recognition. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify co-expressed genes in different groups and brain regions. The selected genes and pathways were validated using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Regular exercise significantly ameliorated age-related cognitive deficits. Four up-regulated targets (Ifi27l2a, Irf7, Oas1b, Ifit1) and one down-regulation (Septin2) were reversed by exercise, demonstrating the underlying mechanisms of cognitive functions induced by aging with exercise in the hippocampus and PFC. The Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was inhibited in the neuroinflammation effects of exercise in aging mice in both brain regions. CONCLUSION Exercise enhances age-related learning and memory deficits. This beneficial effect may be attributed to the changes in five up/down-regulated genes and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway in both the hippocampus and PFC. These findings establish the modulation of neuroinflammation as a pivotal molecular mechanism supporting exercise intervention in the brain aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- School of Sport Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.J.); (C.W.); (X.H.); (D.Z.)
| | - Changling Wei
- School of Sport Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.J.); (C.W.); (X.H.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaohan Huang
- School of Sport Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.J.); (C.W.); (X.H.); (D.Z.)
| | - Deman Zhang
- School of Sport Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.J.); (C.W.); (X.H.); (D.Z.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Xue Li
- School of Sport Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.J.); (C.W.); (X.H.); (D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu L, Liu R, Qin Y, Wang T. Brain metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: biological mechanisms of exercise. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:33. [PMID: 37365651 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major subtype of neurodegenerative dementia caused by long-term interactions and accumulation of multiple adverse factors, accompanied by dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and molecular pathways in the brain. At the cellular and molecular levels, the neuronal cellular milieu of the AD brain exhibits metabolic abnormalities, compromised bioenergetics, impaired lipid metabolism, and reduced overall metabolic capacity, which lead to abnormal neural network activity and impaired neuroplasticity, thus accelerating the formation of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. The current absence of effective pharmacological therapies for AD points to the urgent need to investigate the benefits of non-pharmacological approaches such as physical exercise. Despite the evidence that regular physical activity can improve metabolic dysfunction in the AD state, inhibit different pathophysiological molecular pathways associated with AD, influence the pathological process of AD, and exert a protective effect, there is no clear consensus on the specific biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the advantages of physical exercise. Here, we review how physical exercise improves crucial molecular pathways and biological processes associated with metabolic disorders in AD, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, Aβ metabolism and transport, iron metabolism and tau pathology. How metabolic states influence brain health is also presented. A better knowledge on the neurophysiological mechanisms by which exercise improves AD metabolism can contribute to the development of novel drugs and improvement of non-pharmacological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Xu
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingkai Qin
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hantke NC, Kaye J, Mattek N, Wu CY, Dodge HH, Beattie Z, Woltjer R. Correlating continuously captured home-based digital biomarkers of daily function with postmortem neurodegenerative neuropathology. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286812. [PMID: 37289845 PMCID: PMC10249904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcome measures available for use in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials are limited in ability to detect gradual changes. Measures of everyday function and cognition assessed unobtrusively at home using embedded sensing and computing generated "digital biomarkers" (DBs) have been shown to be ecologically valid and to improve efficiency of clinical trials. However, DBs have not been assessed for their relationship to AD neuropathology. OBJECTIVES The goal of the current study is to perform an exploratory examination of possible associations between DBs and AD neuropathology in an initially cognitively intact community-based cohort. METHODS Participants included in this study were ≥65 years of age, living independently, of average health for age, and followed until death. Algorithms, run on the continuously-collected passive sensor data, generated daily metrics for each DB: cognitive function, mobility, socialization, and sleep. Fixed postmortem brains were evaluated for neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuritic plaque (NP) pathology and staged by Braak and CERAD systems in the context of the "ABC" assessment of AD-associated changes. RESULTS The analysis included a total of 41 participants (M±SD age at death = 92.2±5.1 years). The four DBs showed consistent patterns relative to both Braak stage and NP score severity. Greater NP severity was correlated with the DB composite and reduced walking speed. Braak stage was associated with reduced computer use time and increased total time in bed. DISCUSSION This study provides the first data showing correlations between DBs and neuropathological markers in an aging cohort. The findings suggest continuous, home-based DBs may hold potential to serve as behavioral proxies that index neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C. Hantke
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR, United States of America
- Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Nora Mattek
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hiroko H. Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Zachary Beattie
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Randy Woltjer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Farsi RM. The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's: Molecular Defects and Mitophagy-Enhancing Approaches. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040970. [PMID: 37109499 PMCID: PMC10142261 DOI: 10.3390/life13040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive and chronic neurodegenerative syndrome, is categorized by cognitive and memory damage caused by the aggregations of abnormal proteins, specifically including Tau proteins and β-amyloid in brain tissue. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunctions are the principal causes of AD, which is associated with mitophagy impairment. Investigations exploring pharmacological therapies alongside AD have explicitly concentrated on molecules accomplished in preventing/abolishing the gatherings of the abovementioned proteins and mitochondria damages. Mitophagy is the removal of dead mitochondria by the autophagy process. Damages in mitophagy, the manner of diversified mitochondrial degeneracy by autophagy resulting in an ongoing aggregation of malfunctioning mitochondria, were also suggested to support AD. Recently, plentiful reports have suggested a link between defective mitophagy and AD. This treaty highlights updated outlines of modern innovations and developments on mitophagy machinery dysfunctions in AD brains. Moreover, therapeutic and nanotherapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are also presented in this review. Based on the significant role of diminished mitophagy in AD, we suggest that the application of different therapeutic approaches aimed at stimulating mitophagy in AD would be beneficial for targeting or reducing the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Farsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21462, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ding Z, Leung PY, Lee TL, Chan AS. Effectiveness of lifestyle medicine on cognitive functions in mild cognitive impairments and dementia: A systematic review on randomized controlled trials. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101886. [PMID: 36806378 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are associated with lifestyle risk factors, making lifestyle medicine a potentially viable intervention for people with MCI and dementia. The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of lifestyle medicine on cognitive functions among people with MCI and dementia, by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCT). A systematic literature search was conducted to extract RCTs adopting lifestyle interventions of diet, exercise, and stress management or emotional well-being. Results showed that 65 studies were eligible. Exercise was the most promising lifestyle intervention that improved various cognitive functions among people with MCI and dementia, and was more effective in MCI than in dementia. Interventions on stress management or emotional well-being did not show a significant effect on people with MCI, and the evidence for people with dementia was insufficient to conclude. Similarly, due to the lack of RCTs on a healthy dietary pattern, the effectiveness of diet interventions was not examined. In conclusion, the exercise component of lifestyle medicine can be an effective and clinically significant intervention for protecting people with MCI and dementia against cognitive declines, especially when served as an early intervention at the stage of MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ding
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Ying Leung
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Lok Lee
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mitophagy in Alzheimer's disease: Molecular defects and therapeutic approaches. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:202-216. [PMID: 35665766 PMCID: PMC9812780 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are central players in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, impairments in mitophagy, the process of selective mitochondrial degradation by autophagy leading to a gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria, have also been reported to occur in AD. We provide an updated overview of the recent discoveries and advancements on mitophagic molecular dysfunctions in AD-derived fluids and cells as well as in AD brains. We discuss studies using AD cellular and animal models that have unraveled the contribution of relevant AD-related proteins (Tau, Aβ, APP-derived fragments and APOE) in mitophagy failure. In accordance with the important role of impaired mitophagy in AD, we report on various therapeutic strategies aiming at stimulating mitophagy in AD and we summarize the benefits of these potential therapeutic strategies in human clinical trials.
Collapse
|
14
|
Brody M, Agronin M, Herskowitz BJ, Bookheimer SY, Small GW, Hitchinson B, Ramdas K, Wishard T, McInerney KF, Vellas B, Sierra F, Jiang Z, Mcclain-Moss L, Perez C, Fuquay A, Rodriguez S, Hare JM, Oliva AA, Baumel B. Results and insights from a phase I clinical trial of Lomecel-B for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:261-273. [PMID: 35357079 PMCID: PMC10084163 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that Lomecel-B, an allogeneic medicinal signaling cell (MSC) therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease (AD), is safe and potentially disease-modifying via pleiotropic mechanisms of action. KEY PREDICTIONS We prospectively tested the predictions that Lomecel-B administration to mild AD patients is safe (primary endpoint) and would provide multiple exploratory indications of potential efficacy in clinical and biomarker domains (prespecified secondary/exploratory endpoints). STRATEGY AND KEY RESULTS Mild AD patient received a single infusion of low- or high-dose Lomecel-B, or placebo, in a double-blind, randomized, phase I trial. The primary safety endpoint was met. Fluid-based and imaging biomarkers indicated significant improvement in the Lomecel-B arms versus placebo. The low-dose Lomecel-B arm showed significant improvements versus placebo on neurocognitive and other assessments. INTERPRETATION Our results support the safety of Lomecel-B for AD, suggest clinical potential, and provide mechanistic insights. This early-stage study provides important exploratory information for larger efficacy-powered clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Brody
- Brain Matters Research, Delray Beach, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute For Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gary W Small
- Psychiatry, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Tyler Wishard
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, UCLA, and Semel Institute For Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatric Internal Medicine, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Felipe Sierra
- National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Carmen Perez
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ana Fuquay
- Brain Matters Research, Delray Beach, Florida, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Hare
- Longeveron Inc., Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Medicine and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Bernard Baumel
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Parent JH, Ciampa CJ, Harrison TM, Adams JN, Zhuang K, Betts MJ, Maass A, Winer JR, Jagust WJ, Berry AS. Locus coeruleus catecholamines link neuroticism and vulnerability to tau pathology in aging. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119658. [PMID: 36191755 PMCID: PMC10060440 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher neuroticism is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is implicated in disordered stress responses. The locus coeruleus (LC)-catecholamine system is activated during perceived threat and is a centerpiece of developing models of the pathophysiology of AD, as it is the first brain region to develop abnormal tau. We examined relationships among the "Big 5" personality traits, LC catecholamine synthesis capacity measured with [18F]Fluoro-m-tyrosine PET, and tau burden measured with [18F]Flortaucipir PET in cognitively normal older adults (n = 47). β-amyloid (Aβ) status was determined using [11C]Pittsburgh compound B PET (n = 14 Aβ positive). Lower LC catecholamine synthesis capacity was associated with higher neuroticism, more depressive symptoms as measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale, and higher amygdala tau-PET binding. Exploratory analyses with other personality traits revealed that low trait conscientiousness was also related to both lower LC catecholamine synthesis capacity, and more depressive symptoms. A significant indirect path linked both high neuroticism and low conscientiousness to greater amygdala tau burden via their mutual association with low LC catecholamine synthesis capacity. Together, these findings reveal LC catecholamine synthesis capacity to be a promising marker of affective health and pathology burden in aging, and identifies candidate neurobiological mechanisms for the effect of personality on increased vulnerability to dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan H. Parent
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Claire J. Ciampa
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Theresa M. Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jenna N. Adams
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kailin Zhuang
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew J. Betts
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Joseph R. Winer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - William J. Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anne S. Berry
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The effects of aerobic exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101738. [PMID: 36162707 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise (AE) may slow age-related cognitive decline. However, such cognition-sparing effects are not uniform across cognitive domains and studies. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation and is also emerging as a potential alternative to pharmaceutical therapies. Like AE, the effectiveness of tDCS is also inconsistent for reducing cognitive impairment in ageing. The unexplored possibility exists that pairing AE and tDCS could produce synergistic effects and reciprocally augment cognition-improving effects in older individuals with and without cognitive impairments. Previous research found such synergistic effects on cognition when cognitive training is paired with tDCS in older individuals with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. AIM The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to explore if pairing AE with tDCS could augment singular effects of AE and tDCS on global cognition (GC), working memory (WM) and executive function (EF) in older individuals with or without MCI and dementia. METHODS Using a PRISMA-based systematic review, we compiled studies that examined the effects of AE alone, tDCS alone, and AE and tDCS combined on cognitive function in older individuals with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Using a PICOS approach, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science searches up to December 2021, we focused on 'MoCA', 'MMSE', 'Mini-Cog' (measures) and 'cognition', 'cognitive function', 'cognitive', 'cognitive performance', 'executive function', 'executive process', 'attention', 'memory', 'memory performance' (outcome terms). We included only randomized controlled trials (RTC) in humans if available in English full text over the past 20 years, with participants' age over 60. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies (RTC) by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. RESULTS Overall, 68 studies were included in the meta-analyses. AE (ES = 0.56 [95% CI: 0.28-0.83], p = 0.01) and tDCS (ES = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.12-1.26], p = 0.02) improved GC in all three groups of older adults combined (healthy, MCI, demented). In healthy population, AE improved GC (ES = 0.46 [95% CI: 0.22-0.69], p = 0.01) and EF (ES = 0.27 [95% CI: 0.05-0.49], p = 0.02). AE improved GC in older adults with MCI (ES = 0.76 [95% CI: 0.21-1.32], p = 0.01). tDCS improved GC (ES = 0.69 [90% CI: 0.12-1.26], p = 0.02), all three cognitive function (GC, WM and EF) combined in older adults with dementia (ES = 1.12 [95% CI: 0.04-2.19], p = 0.04) and improved cognitive function in older adults overall (ES = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.20-1,18], p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our systematic review with meta-analysis provided evidence that beyond the cardiovascular and fitness benefits of AE, pairing AE with tDCS may have the potential to slow symptom progression of cognitive decline in MCI and dementia. Future studies will examine the hypothesis of this present review that a potentiating effect would incrementally improve cognition with increasing severity of cognitive impairment.
Collapse
|
17
|
Canseco-Rodriguez A, Masola V, Aliperti V, Meseguer-Beltran M, Donizetti A, Sanchez-Perez AM. Long Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles and Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13171. [PMID: 36361952 PMCID: PMC9654199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has currently no effective treatment; however, preventive measures have the potential to reduce AD risk. Thus, accurate and early prediction of risk is an important strategy to alleviate the AD burden. Neuroinflammation is a major factor prompting the onset of the disease. Inflammation exerts its toxic effect via multiple mechanisms. Amongst others, it is affecting gene expression via modulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as miRNAs. Recent evidence supports that inflammation can also affect long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression. While the association between miRNAs and inflammation in AD has been studied, the role of lncRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases has been less explored. In this review, we focus on lncRNAs and inflammation in the context of AD. Furthermore, since plasma-isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as an effective monitoring strategy for brain pathologies, we have focused on the studies reporting dysregulated lncRNAs in EVs isolated from AD patients and controls. The revised literature shows a positive association between pro-inflammatory lncRNAs and AD. However, the reports evaluating lncRNA alterations in EVs isolated from the plasma of patients and controls, although still limited, confirm the value of specific lncRNAs associated with AD as reliable biomarkers. This is an emerging field that will open new avenues to improve risk prediction and patient stratification, and may lead to the discovery of potential novel therapeutic targets for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ania Canseco-Rodriguez
- Neurobiotecnology Group, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), University of Jaume I, 12006 Castellon, Spain
| | - Valeria Masola
- Neurobiotecnology Group, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), University of Jaume I, 12006 Castellon, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenza Aliperti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Meseguer-Beltran
- Neurobiotecnology Group, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), University of Jaume I, 12006 Castellon, Spain
| | - Aldo Donizetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ana María Sanchez-Perez
- Neurobiotecnology Group, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), University of Jaume I, 12006 Castellon, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Treatments and New Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061117. [PMID: 35745693 PMCID: PMC9228613 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The pathophysiology of this disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β, leading to the formation of senile plaques, and by the intracellular presence of neurofibrillary tangles based on hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In the therapeutic approach to AD, we can identify three important fronts: the approved drugs currently available for the treatment of the disease, which include aducanumab, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, and a combination of memantine and donepezil; therapies under investigation that work mainly on Aβ pathology and tau pathology, and which include γ-secretase inhibitors, β-secretase inhibitors, α-secretase modulators, aggregation inhibitors, metal interfering drugs, drugs that enhance Aβ clearance, inhibitors of tau protein hyperphosphorylation, tau protein aggregation inhibitors, and drugs that promote the clearance of tau, and finally, other alternative therapies designed to improve lifestyle, thus contributing to the prevention of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze and describe current treatments and possible future alternatives in the therapeutic approach to AD.
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of Multicomponent Exercise Training Program on Biochemical and Motor Functions in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a multicomponent exercise training program on motor function and biochemical markers in patients with Alzheimer’s-type dementia. Twenty patients with Alzheimer disease, divided into the intervention group (IG; aged 84 ± 3.1 years) and the control group (CG; aged 86 ± 2.6 years) were included in this study. The intervention group was enrolled into an exercise training program for three months (two sessions of 60 min per week). The CG was instructed to follow their daily rhythm of life (e.g., rest, reading) without a physical training program. After 3 months of participation in a multicomponent exercise program, gait speed, balance and walking parameters were all improved in the intervention group as measured with the Berg Balance Scale, the Tinetti test, the 6-min walking test and the timed up and go test (p < 0.05 for all; percentage range of improvements: 3.17% to 53.40%), except the walking while talking test, and biochemical parameters were not affected (p > 0.05). Our results demonstrate that exercise improves postural control, aerobic capacity and mobility functions in patients with Alzheimer disease. Physical exercise is a safe and effective method for treating physical disorders in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and can easily be integrated in various programs for the management of Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang X, Zhao X, Li B, Cai Y, Zhang S, Wan Q, Yu F. Comparative efficacy of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:212-223. [PMID: 34004389 PMCID: PMC9068743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is a promising nonpharmacological therapy for cognitive dysfunction, but it is unclear which type of exercise is most effective. The objective of this study was to compare and rank the effectiveness of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia and to examine the effects of exercise on the symptoms relevant to cognitive impairment. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SPORTDiscus, and PsycInfo through September 2019 and included randomized controlled trials that examined the effectiveness of exercise interventions in patients with MCI or dementia. Primary outcomes included global cognition, executive cognition, and memory cognition. Secondary outcomes included activities of daily living, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and quality of life. Pairwise analyses and network meta-analyses were performed using a random effects model. RESULTS A total of 73 articles from 71 trials with 5606 participants were included. All types of exercise were effective in increasing or maintaining global cognition, and resistance exercise had the highest probability of being the most effective intervention in slowing the decrease in global cognition (standard mean difference (SMD) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.56-1.54), executive function (SMD = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.21-1.49), and memory function (SMD = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.01-0.63) in patients with cognitive dysfunction. Subgroup analyses for patients with MCI revealed different effects, and multicomponent exercise was most likely to be the optimal exercise therapy for preventing the decline of global cognition (SMD = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.44-1.54) and executive function (SMD = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.06-1.38). However, only resistance exercise showed significant effects on memory function for patients with MCI (SMD = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.01-0.69). Exercise interventions also showed various effects on the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION Resistance exercise has the highest probability of being the optimal exercise type for slowing cognitive decline in patients with cognitive dysfunction, especially in patients with dementia. Multicomponent exercise tends to be most effective in protecting global cognition and executive function in patients with MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Huang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bei Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Cai
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shifang Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiaoqin Wan
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Fang Yu
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Loosen SH, Roderburg C, Curth O, Gaensbacher J, Joerdens M, Luedde T, Konrad M, Kostev K, Luedde M. The spectrum of comorbidities at the initial diagnosis of heart failure a case control study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2670. [PMID: 35177698 PMCID: PMC8854549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients is determined to a decisive extent by comorbidities. The present study investigates the association between a broad spectrum of diseases and the occurrence of HF in a large collective of outpatients. This retrospective case control study assessed the prevalence of 37 cardiac and extracardiac diseases in patients with an initial diagnosis of heart failure (ICD-10: I50) in 1,274 general practices in Germany between January 2005 and December 2019. The study is based on the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA), which contains drug prescriptions, diagnoses, and basic medical and demographic data. Patients with and without heart failure were matched by sex, age, and index year. Hazard regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between different disease entities and heart failure. The present study included 162,246 patients with heart failure and 162,246 patients without heart failure. Mean age [SD] was 73.7 [12.1] years; 52.6% were women. Out of 37 predefined diagnoses, 36 were more prevalent in HF patients. The highest prevalence was primary hypertension (63.4% in HF patients vs. 53.3% in controls, p < 0.001) followed by lipid metabolism disorders (34.6% in HF patients vs. 29.1% in HF patients p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus type II (32.2% in HF patients vs. 25.2% in controls, p < 0.001). In the regression analysis, 19 diseases were significantly associated with heart failure. Non-cardiovascular diagnoses strongly associated with HF were obesity (HR = 1.46), chronic bronchitis and COPD (HR = 1.41), gout (HR: 1.41), and chronic kidney disease (HR = 1.27). In the present study, we identified a variety of cardiac and extracardiac diseases associated with heart failure. Our data underscore the immense importance of comorbidities, even as early as at the stage of initial diagnosis of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Loosen
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ole Curth
- Internal Medicine I, Central Hospital Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Julia Gaensbacher
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Joerdens
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Konrad
- grid.448793.50000 0004 0382 2632Health & Social, FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Mark Luedde
- KGP Bremerhaven, Postbrookstr. 105, 27574 Bremerhaven, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nutraceuticals in mental diseases - Bridging the gap between traditional use and modern pharmacology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:62-68. [PMID: 34628304 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In evidence-based pharmacotherapy, the complexity of etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of mental diseases has attracted comparably little consideration so far. The choice of currently available pharmacotherapies is predominantly guided by specific clinical phenotypes and is limited by low response rates and clinically relevant side effects. Nutraceuticals typically represent multicomponent compounds and may offer high therapeutic potential, by simultaneously addressing multiple aspects in mental disease pathogenesis with rather little side effects. Here, recent pharmacological research on natural products is assessed with focus on a multitarget therapeutic concept, based on shared molecular mechanisms, and in particular, on how far nutraceuticals might address such multitargets. Overcoming deficits regarding clearly defined compositions, concentration-dependent and causative structure-activity-response relationships, evaluation of bioavailability, metabolic fate, and long-term safety are crucial for translating potential plant-based drug candidates into proof-of-concept clinical studies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu F, Mathiason MA, Han S, Gunter JL, Jones D, Botha H, Jack C. Mechanistic Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Alzheimer's Disease: Imaging Findings From the Pilot FIT-AD Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:703691. [PMID: 34690736 PMCID: PMC8530186 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.703691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite strong evidence from animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) supporting aerobic exercise as a disease-modifying treatment for AD, human mechanistic studies are limited with mixed findings. The objective of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of 6-month aerobic exercise on hippocampal volume, temporal meta-regions of interest (ROI) cortical thickness, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and network failure quotient (NFQ), measured with MRI, in community-dwelling older adults with AD dementia. Additionally, the relationships between 6- and 12-month changes in MRI biomarkers and the AD Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog) were examined. Sixty participants were randomized, but one was excluded because baseline MRI failed quality control: 38 randomized to cycling and 21 to stretching. The intervention was moderate-intensity cycling for 20-50 mins, three times a week for 6 months. Control was low-intensity stretching. The study outcomes include hippocampal volume, temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness, WMH volume, and NFQ. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The sample averaged 77.3 ± 6.3 years old with 15.6 ± 2.9 years of education and 53% men. Both groups experienced significant declines over 6 months in hippocampal volume (2.64% in cycling vs. 2.89% in stretching) and temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness (0.94 vs. 1.54%), and over 12 months in hippocampal volume (4.47 vs. 3.84%) and temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness (2.27 vs. 1.79%). These declines did not differ between groups. WMH volume increased significantly with the cycling group increasing less (10.9%) than stretching (24.5%) over 6 months (f = 4.47, p = 0.04) and over 12 months (12.1 vs. 27.6%, f = 5.88, p = 0.02). NFQ did not change significantly over time. Pairwise correlational analyses showed a significant negative correlation between 6-month changes in hippocampal volume and ADAS-Cog (r = -0.34, p < 0.05). To conclude, aerobic exercise may reduce the decline in hippocampal volume and temporal meta-ROI cortical thickness during the intervention period, but the effect sizes are likely to be very small and dose-dependent and reverse once the intervention stops. Aerobic exercise is effective on slowing down WMH progression but has no effect on NFQ. Hippocampal atrophy was associated with cognitive decline during the intervention period. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01954550.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Arizona State University Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - SeungYong Han
- Arizona State University Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - David Jones
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hugo Botha
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Clifford Jack
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tan ZX, Dong F, Wu LY, Feng YS, Zhang F. The Beneficial Role of Exercise on Treating Alzheimer's Disease by Inhibiting β-Amyloid Peptide. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5890-5906. [PMID: 34415486 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a very large burden on global healthcare systems. Thus, it is imperative to find effective treatments of the disease. One feature of AD is the accumulation of neurotoxic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Aβ induces multiple pathological processes that are deleterious to nerve cells. Despite the development of medications that target the reduction of Aβ to treat AD, none has proven to be effective to date. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical exercise, are also being studied. The benefits of exercise on AD are widely recognized. Experimental and clinical studies have been performed to verify the role that exercise plays in reducing Aβ deposition to alleviate AD. This paper reviewed the various mechanisms involved in the exercise-induced reduction of Aβ, including the regulation of amyloid precursor protein cleaved proteases, the glymphatic system, brain-blood transport proteins, degrading enzymes and autophagy, which is beneficial to promote exercise therapy as a means of prevention and treatment of AD and indicates that exercise may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Yu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Shuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Roderburg C, Loosen SH, Jördens MS, Konrad M, Luedde T, Kostev K, Luedde M. Heart failure and dementia: a comparative analysis with different types of cancer. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2021; 1:oeab003. [PMID: 35919092 PMCID: PMC9242070 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims The prognosis and quality of life of patients with heart failure (HF) is determined by comorbidities, with dementia/cognitive decline believed to have a significant impact in this regard. This study compares the incidence of dementia in patients with HF with that in patients with common cancers in a large collective of outpatients. Methods and results This retrospective cohort study assessed the incidence of dementia/cognitive decline [International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10): I50] in a cohort of patients ≥65 years diagnosed with HF (ICD-10: I50), breast cancer (ICD-10: C50), prostate cancer (ICD-10: C61), or digestive organ cancer (ICD-10: C15-C26) in 1274 German general practices between January 2000 and December 2018. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to study the association between HF and dementia compared to each of three cancer cohorts. We included 72 259 patients with HF, 10 310 patients with breast cancer, 12 477 patients with prostate cancer, and 12 136 patients with digestive organ cancer. A total of 27.8% of patients with HF were diagnosed with dementia during the 10-year observation period compared to 16.2% of patients with breast cancer, 18.6% of patients with digestive organ cancer, and 16.1% of patients with prostate cancer. Patients with HF were significantly more likely to develop dementia within 10 years after diagnosis than patients with breast cancer [hazard ratio (HR): 1.36 (95% confidence interval 1.28–1.45, P < 0.001], prostate cancer [HR 1.38 (1.130–1.47), P < 0.001], or gastrointestinal tumours [HR 1.31 (1.24–1.39), P < 0.001]. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the significance of dementia in patients with HF, in whom the condition is much more prevalent than in patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Sven H Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Markus S Jördens
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Marcel Konrad
- Health and Social, FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management Frankfurt , Franklinstr. 52, 60486 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Karel Kostev
- Epidemiology, IQVIA Germany , Unterschweinstiege 2-14, 60549 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel , Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- KGP Bremerhaven , Postbrookstr. 105, Bremerhaven 27574, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li G, Yu L. Fitness training programs for Alzheimer's disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:1012-1015. [PMID: 34342415 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Laikang Yu
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Haidian District, Beijing, China -
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Biomarkers for evaluating the effects of exercise interventions in patients with MCI or dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111424. [PMID: 34051283 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize the biomarkers for evaluating the effects of exercise interventions in patients with cognitive impairment associated with aging, as well as their responses to exercise interventions. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: We systematically searched different electronic database, including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus up to April 2020. Clinical controlled trials with exercise interventions in patients with cognitive impairment were included. The main outcomes included all the biomarkers used to evaluate the effects of exercise interventions. If data for certain biomarkers was enough (more than 2 studies), meta-analyses would be performed to estimate the effect sizes by calculating the standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Finally, we included 33 articles from 26 trials. The biomarkers included neurotrophic factors, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, neuropathological hallmarks, metabolic biomarkers and genotypes. The meta-analyses indicated that exercise significantly decreased the levels of IL-6 (SMD = -0.45; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.18) and low-density lipoprotein (SMD = -0.26; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that aerobic exercise also could decrease the levels of TNF-α (SMD = -1.21; 95% CI: -2.29, -0.14). There were some important cognition-related biomarkers which were rarely measured, such as Aβ, tau and IGF-1. CONCLUSION Regular exercise showed positive effects on reducing inflammation and regulating lipid metabolism. But the available evidence is limited and more studies with different exercise interventions should be conducted to test the effects of exercise on other important cognition-related biomarkers in patients with cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
|
28
|
Arida RM, Teixeira-Machado L. The Contribution of Physical Exercise to Brain Resilience. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:626769. [PMID: 33584215 PMCID: PMC7874196 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.626769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been given to understanding resilience to brain diseases, often described as brain or cognitive reserve. Among the protective factors for the development of resilience, physical activity/exercise has been considered to play an important role. Exercise is known to induce many positive effects on the brain. As such, exercise represents an important tool to influence neurodevelopment and shape the adult brain to react to life's challenges. Among many beneficial effects, exercise intervention has been associated with cognitive improvement and stress resilience in humans and animal models. Thus, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that exercise not only recovers or minimizes cognitive deficits by inducing better neuroplasticity and cognitive reserve but also counteracts brain pathology. This is evidenced before disease onset or after it has been established. In this review, we aimed to present encouraging data from current clinical and pre-clinical neuroscience research and discuss the possible biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise on resilience. We consider the implication of physical exercise for resilience from brain development to aging and for some neurological diseases. Overall, the literature indicates that brain/cognitive reserve built up by regular exercise in several stages of life, prepares the brain to be more resilient to cognitive impairment and consequently to brain pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Effects of 6-Month Multimodal Physical Exercise Program on Bone Mineral Density, Fall Risk, Balance, and Gait in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010063. [PMID: 33419016 PMCID: PMC7825330 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the short- and medium-term effects of a multimodal physical exercise program (MPEP) on bone health status, fall risk, balance, and gait in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. A single-blinded, controlled clinical trial was performed where 72 subjects were allocated in a 3:1 ratio to an intervention group (IG; n = 53) and control group (CG; n = 19), where the IG’s subjects were admitted to live in a State Reference Center of Alzheimer’s disease, which offers the targeted exercise program, while the CG’s subjects resided in independent living. A multidisciplinary health team assessed all patients before allocation, and dependent outcomes were again assessed at one, three, and six months. During the study, falls were recorded, and in all evaluations, bone mineral density was measured using a calcaneal quantitative ultrasound densitometer; balance and gait were measured using the performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA), the timed up and go test (TUG), the one-leg balance test (OLB), and the functional reach test (FR). There were no differences between groups at baseline for all outcome measures. The prevalence of falls was significantly lower in the IG (15.09%) than in the CG (42.11%) (χ2 = 5.904; p = 0.015). We also found that there was a significant time*group interaction, with a post hoc Šidák test finding significant differences of improved physical function, especially in gait, for the IG, as assessed by POMA-Total, POMA-Gait, and TUG with a large effect size (ƞ2p = 0.185–0.201). In balance, we found significant differences between groups, regardless of time, and a medium effect size as assessed by POMA-Balance and the OLB (ƞ2p = 0.091–0.104). Clinically relevant effects were observed, although without significant differences in bone health, with a slowing of bone loss. These results show that a multimodal physical exercise program reduces fall risk and produces an improvement in gait, balance, and bone mineral density in the short and medium term in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu F, Vock DM, Zhang L, Salisbury D, Nelson NW, Chow LS, Smith G, Barclay TR, Dysken M, Wyman JF. Cognitive Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:233-244. [PMID: 33523004 PMCID: PMC8075384 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise has shown inconsistent cognitive effects in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. OBJECTIVE To examine the immediate and longitudinal effects of 6-month cycling on cognition in older adults with AD dementia. METHODS This randomized controlled trial randomized 96 participants (64 to cycling and 32 to stretching for six months) and followed them for another six months. The intervention was supervised, moderate-intensity cycling for 20-50 minutes, 3 times a week for six months. The control was light-intensity stretching. Cognition was assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using the AD Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog). Discrete cognitive domains were measured using the AD Uniform Data Set battery. RESULTS The participants were 77.4±6.8 years old with 15.6±2.9 years of education, and 55% were male. The 6-month change in ADAS-Cog was 1.0±4.6 (cycling) and 0.1±4.1 (stretching), which were both significantly less than the natural 3.2±6.3-point increase observed naturally with disease progression. The 12-month change was 2.4±5.2 (cycling) and 2.2±5.7 (control). ADAS-Cog did not differ between groups at 6 (p = 0.386) and 12 months (p = 0.856). There were no differences in the 12-month rate of change in ADAS-Cog (0.192 versus 0.197, p = 0.967), memory (-0.012 versus -0.019, p = 0.373), executive function (-0.020 versus -0.012, p = 0.383), attention (-0.035 versus -0.033, p = 0.908), or language (-0.028 versus -0.026, p = 0.756). CONCLUSION Exercise may reduce decline in global cognition in older adults with mild-to-moderate AD dementia. Aerobic exercise did not show superior cognitive effects to stretching in our pilot trial, possibly due to the lack of power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- University of Minnesota Division of Biostatistics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David M. Vock
- University of Minnesota Division of Biostatistics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- University of Minnesota Division of Biostatistics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa S. Chow
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Glenn Smith
- University of Florida Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Maurice Dysken
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jean F. Wyman
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao N, Xia J, Xu B. Physical exercise may exert its therapeutic influence on Alzheimer's disease through the reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT1-FOXO1/3-PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:1-3. [PMID: 32861777 PMCID: PMC7856556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
• Physical exercise efficiently prevents the progression of Alzheimer's disease and mitigates the risk of developing the disease. • Physical exercise acts against the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease via promoting mitochondrial fitness. • Physical exercise may exert its therapeutic influence on Alzheimer's disease through the reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT1-FOXO1/3-PINK1-Parkin–mediated mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
High-intensity exercise programs in people with dementia — a systematic review and meta-analysis. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-020-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDementia is a syndrome characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive and physical functions. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise training (HIT) programs on cognitive and mental health, physical performance, activities of daily living (ADLs) and quality of life (QoL) in people with dementia. A systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials was performed until July 2019. We calculated mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI), and assessed heterogeneity using I2 statistic. Nine studies from three large-scale research projects which were based on the high-intensity functional exercise (HIFE) program incorporating strength, balance and mobility exercises of the lower limbs, including 456 participants (85.5 ± 7.0 years), were considered. There was an overall good study quality (mean PEDro score = 7.6 ± 0.7). Compared to seated control activities, strength and balance HIT resulted in statistically significant but small positive effects on balance performance (MD = 2.31, 95% CI = 0.44–4.17, p = 0.02; I2 = 73%) and on the abilities to independently perform ADLs (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.12–0.44, p = 0.0006; I2 = 0%). No differences were found in cognitive function, depressive symptoms and QoL. The qualitative analyses yielded sporadic beneficial results (mobility, psychological well-being and apathetic behaviour) in favour of HIT. There is only limited evidence for an intensity-related dose–response relationship. Further well-designed studies are needed to identify the best exercise type for different types and stages of dementia.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao X, Huang X, Li B, Cai Y, Cao P, Wan Q. The relative effectiveness of different types of exercise for people with Mild Cognitive Impairment or dementia: Systematic review protocol. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:3662-3668. [PMID: 32996626 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Nursing Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiuxiu Huang
- School of Nursing Peking University Beijing China
| | - Bei Li
- School of Nursing Peking University Beijing China
| | - Ying Cai
- School of Nursing Peking University Beijing China
| | - Peiye Cao
- Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China
| | - Qiaoqin Wan
- School of Nursing Peking University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Puente-González AS, Sánchez-González F, Hernández-Xumet JE, Sánchez-Sánchez MC, Barbero-Iglesias FJ, Méndez-Sánchez R. Short and medium-term effects of a multicomponent physical exercise program with a Mediterranean diet on bone mineral density, gait, balance, and fall risk for patients with Alzheimer disease: Randomized controlled clinical trial study protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22385. [PMID: 32957420 PMCID: PMC7505369 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reduced bone mineral density and increased risk of falls are related with Alzheimer disease, and these increase likelihood of bone osteoporotic fractures causing serious complications such as disability, fear of falling, loss autonomy, decreased quality of life, and anticipated mortality in elderly patients. Gait and balance disturb are 2 factors to favor falls in elderly, and in patients with cognitive impairment, the risk of falls increases to double. Exercise and Mediterranean diet produce beneficial effects for aging, cognitive decline, and are widely recommended to reduce the effects of osteoporosis, fall risk, and related fragility fractures. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the short and medium-term effects during 6 months, of a multicomponent physical exercise program with a Mediterranean diet on bone mineral density, fall risk, balance, and gait by a controlled clinical trial in patients with Alzheimer disease. METHODS The study is a 6-month, randomized controlled parallel-group, single-blinded clinical trial. Institutionalized patients with Alzheimer disease will be included. The intervention group will perform a multicomponent physical exercise program in reduced groups, with a frequency of 3 sessions per week, associated with a Mediterranean diet. This program includes strength, balance, and aerobic resistance exercises, and in the main part of the session, also ludic exercises to improve agility, coordination, and balance. The control group will receive usual care. The outcomes to assess are the change of physical functions, such as gait and balance, and the change of bone mineral density by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound, during the study follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months. This clinical trial will generate more and new evidence on the effects of a multicomponent physical exercise program and Mediterranean diet in patients with Alzheimer disease on risk of falls and osteoporotic fractures, the relation of these with bone mineral density, gait and balance, and the correlations between them. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Salamanca. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated in national and international conferences, to the participants and their families, and the general public through the associations of people with AD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID ClínicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04439097.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silvia Puente-González
- Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy. University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - María Carmen Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy. University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fausto José Barbero-Iglesias
- Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy. University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Roberto Méndez-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy. University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bergeron MF, Landset S, Zhou X, Ding T, Khoshgoftaar TM, Zhao F, Du B, Chen X, Wang X, Zhong L, Liu X, Ashford JW. Utility of MemTrax and Machine Learning Modeling in Classification of Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1545-1558. [PMID: 32894241 PMCID: PMC7683062 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The widespread incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has prompted an urgent call for research to validate early detection cognitive screening and assessment. Objective: Our primary research aim was to determine if selected MemTrax performance metrics and relevant demographics and health profile characteristics can be effectively utilized in predictive models developed with machine learning to classify cognitive health (normal versus MCI), as would be indicated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 259 neurology, memory clinic, and internal medicine adult patients recruited from two hospitals in China. Each patient was given the Chinese-language MoCA and self-administered the continuous recognition MemTrax online episodic memory test on the same day. Predictive classification models were built using machine learning with 10-fold cross validation, and model performance was measured using Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC). Models were built using two MemTrax performance metrics (percent correct, response time), along with the eight common demographic and personal history features. Results: Comparing the learners across selected combinations of MoCA scores and thresholds, Naïve Bayes was generally the top-performing learner with an overall classification performance of 0.9093. Further, among the top three learners, MemTrax-based classification performance overall was superior using just the top-ranked four features (0.9119) compared to using all 10 common features (0.8999). Conclusion: MemTrax performance can be effectively utilized in a machine learning classification predictive model screening application for detecting early stage cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Landset
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Xianbo Zhou
- SJN Biomed LTD, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Center for Alzheimer's Research, Washington Institute of Clinical Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Taghi M Khoshgoftaar
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Dehong People's Hospital, Dehong, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - J Wesson Ashford
- War-Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Morales JS, de la Villa P, Hampel H, Emanuele E, Lista S, Lucia A. Exercise benefits on Alzheimer's disease: State-of-the-science. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101108. [PMID: 32561386 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although there is no unanimity, growing evidence supports the value of regular physical exercise to prevent Alzheimer's disease as well as cognitive decline in affected patients. Together with an introductory summary on epidemiological evidence, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the potential biological mechanisms underlying exercise benefits in this condition. Regular physical exercise has proven to be beneficial for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., reduced vascular flow, diabetes) involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Exercise also promotes neurogenesis via increases in exercise-induced metabolic factors (e.g., ketone bodies, lactate) and muscle-derived myokines (cathepsin-B, irisin), which in turn stimulate the production of neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Finally, regular exercise exerts anti-inflammatory effects and improves the brain redox status, thereby ameliorating the pathophysiological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (e.g., amyloid-β deposition). In summary, physical exercise might provide numerous benefits through different pathways that might, in turn, help prevent risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease. More evidence is needed, however, based on human studies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Mahalakshmi B, Maurya N, Lee SD, Bharath Kumar V. Possible Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165895. [PMID: 32824367 PMCID: PMC7460620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) improves physical performance, mental status, general health, and well-being. It does so by affecting many mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level. PE is beneficial for people suffering from neuro-degenerative diseases because it improves the production of neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, and hormones. PE promotes neuronal survival and neuroplasticity and also optimizes neuroendocrine and physiological responses to psychosocial and physical stress. PE sensitizes the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and central nervous system (CNS) by promoting many processes such as synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. Overall, it carries out many protective and preventive activities such as improvements in memory, cognition, sleep and mood; growth of new blood vessels in nervous system; and the reduction of stress, anxiety, neuro-inflammation, and insulin resistance. In the present work, the protective effects of PE were overviewed. Suitable examples from the current research work in this context are also given in the article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Nancy Maurya
- Department of Botany, Government Science College, Pandhurna, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh 480334, India;
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-D.L.); (V.B.K.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7300) (S.-D.L.); +886-4-2332-3456 (ext. 6352 or 6353) (V.B.K.); Fax: 886-4-22065051 (S.-D.L.); +886-4-23305834 (V.B.K.)
| | - V. Bharath Kumar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-D.L.); (V.B.K.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7300) (S.-D.L.); +886-4-2332-3456 (ext. 6352 or 6353) (V.B.K.); Fax: 886-4-22065051 (S.-D.L.); +886-4-23305834 (V.B.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li Y, Bai H, Huang H, Zhu M, Zhang D, Huang X. Forward genetic screening of a novel gene hmgs-1 Involved in Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:S0006-291X(20)30344-2. [PMID: 32081429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), which poses a serious challenge in aging societies, still lacks effective treatments to reverse its progression, and thus, has been a major focus of research for decades. There are several risk factors associated with the etiology of AD. To further identify potential new factors involved in AD pathogenesis, a forward genetic screening method using transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans CL4176 exposed to different temperatures was employed to screen mutant worms resistant to β-amyloid toxicity. After transcriptome sequencing, and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism variations by RNA-Seq and DNA-Seq, it is suggested that a novel gene hmgs-1 is involved in AD pathogenesis. We verified its involvement again by the phenotype of gene knockdown mutant and the rescue effect of complementing hmgs-1. Our study provides a workable screening method for new gene mutations and a potential target of hmgs-1 in the AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Li
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Hua Bai
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; College of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Man Zhu
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| |
Collapse
|