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Hwang RJ, Chen HJ, Ni LF, Liu TY, Shih YL, Chuang YO. Neurobiological effects of exercise intervention for premenstrual syndrome. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1297-1308. [PMID: 37786666 PMCID: PMC10542049 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Up to 75%-90% of women have varying degrees of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Exercises are recognized to be beneficial to regulate the negative emotions associated with PMS; however, the effects of exercise on sadness inhibition have not yet been investigated from the neurobiological perspective. Purpose This study examined the effects of a single exercise intervention on the neural mechanisms mediating sadness response inhibition at the cortical level using multichannel event-related potential (ERP) recording in women with PMS. Methods Participants performed Go/No-go trials while viewing of sad or neutral images before and after exercise intervention, and changes in the No-go-evoked N200 (N2) ERP component were measured by electroencephalography (EEG) at multiple cortical sites. The associations of PMS Inventory scores with N2 amplitude and latency changes were then examined using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results There were no significant differences in N2 latency and response error rate following exercise compared to baseline. However, women with higher PMS Inventory scores (greater symptom severity) demonstrated significantly lengthen N2 latency at the Fz electrode sites during correct sad face No-go trials after exercise (p < 0.05), which was not the case in the pre-exercise baseline. We detected no significant relationship between the PMS score and N2 amplitude, either pre- or post-exercise. Conclusion Women with higher PMS severity exhibited longer sad N2 latencies as well as slow down the speed of reaction to negative stimuli by exercise, suggesting that the prefrontal emotion regulation network is involved in PMS symptoms and is sensitive to the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jen Hwang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wei-Hwa 1st Rd, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Clinical Competency Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wei-Hwa 1st Rd, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Fen Ni
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wei-Hwa 1st Rd, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Clinical Competency Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ying Liu
- Science & Technology Policy Research and Information Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Shih
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-O. Chuang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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2
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Ben-Dor Cohen M, Maeir A, Eldar E, Nahum M. Everyday Cognitive Control and Emotion Dysregulation in Young Adults With and Without ADHD: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:539-553. [PMID: 36779529 PMCID: PMC9978869 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231153934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the contribution of the temporal dynamics of two cognitive control mechanisms-inhibitory control (IC) and working memory (WM)-to emotion dysregulation (ED) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in ecological settings. METHOD One hundred twenty-two participants (age 18-33 years; 60 with ADHD) reported their ED at baseline, followed by a 5-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study, with short behavioral IC and WM tasks performed five times/day. RESULTS For IC, mean and lability of performance over EMA significantly accounted for differences in ED but not baseline performance. For WM, both baseline and mean of EMA, but not EMA lability, accounted for ED variance. ADHD status further contributed to the explained variance of ED. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the contribution of dynamic IC processes to ED in ADHD, in addition to WM performance level, and highlight the importance of dynamic and ecological investigation of different cognitive control components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adina Maeir
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Eldar
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mor Nahum
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, Israel,Mor Nahum, Faculty of Medicine, School of
Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Mt Scopus Campus, Jerusalem 9190501,
Israel.
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3
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Benzait A, Krenz V, Wegrzyn M, Doll A, Woermann F, Labudda K, Bien CG, Kissler J. Hemodynamic correlates of emotion regulation in frontal lobe epilepsy patients and healthy participants. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1456-1475. [PMID: 36366744 PMCID: PMC9921231 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to regulate emotions is indispensable for maintaining psychological health. It heavily relies on frontal lobe functions which are disrupted in frontal lobe epilepsy. Accordingly, emotional dysregulation and use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies have been reported in frontal lobe epilepsy patients. Therefore, it is of clinical and scientific interest to investigate emotion regulation in frontal lobe epilepsy. We studied neural correlates of upregulating and downregulating emotions toward aversive pictures through reappraisal in 18 frontal lobe epilepsy patients and 17 healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients tended to report more difficulties with impulse control than controls. On the neural level, patients had diminished activity during upregulation in distributed left-sided regions, including ventrolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus and anterior temporal gyrus. Patients also showed less activity than controls in the left precuneus for upregulation compared to downregulation. Unlike controls, they displayed no task-related activity changes in the left amygdala, whereas the right amygdala showed task-related modulations in both groups. Upregulation-related activity changes in the left inferior frontal gyrus, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus were correlated with questionnaire data on habitual emotion regulation. Our results show that structural or functional impairments in the frontal lobes disrupt neural mechanisms underlying emotion regulation through reappraisal throughout the brain, including posterior regions involved in semantic control. Findings on the amygdala as a major target of emotion regulation are in line with the view that specifically the left amygdala is connected with semantic processing networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Benzait
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Valentina Krenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wegrzyn
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anna Doll
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Epileptology (Mara Hospital), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Friedrich Woermann
- Department of Epileptology (Mara Hospital), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kirsten Labudda
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian G Bien
- Department of Epileptology (Mara Hospital), Medical School, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johanna Kissler
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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4
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Chen Y, Yu H, Gao X. Influences of Emotional Information on Response Inhibition in Gaming Disorder: Behavioral and ERP Evidence from Go/Nogo Task. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16264. [PMID: 36498338 PMCID: PMC9740308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaming disorder (GD) may impair executive functions such as response inhibition. According to the tripartite neurocognitive model, the interoceptive system generates a state of craving that exacerbates the dysfunction of GD. We speculate that emotional information may play an important role in the mechanism, which leads to impaired response inhibition in people with GD. METHODS A three-factor mixed experimental design was adopted in this go/nogo task. The between-subject factor was group (GD or control group), and the within-subject factors were two types of emotional information, task relevance (related or unrelated) and emotional valence (negative or positive). RESULTS The GD group had lower nogo accuracies than the control group in the task-unrelated condition and also in the negative condition. Parallelly, the GD group showed faster reactions and lower accuracy in the go trials than the control group under task-unrelated negative conditions. At the neural level, the GD group had smaller amplitudes of nogo-N2 and larger amplitudes of nogo-P3 than the control group in the task-unrelated condition. CONCLUSIONS The findings prove the hypothesis of this study that emotional information could be a factor leading to impaired response inhibition in GD individuals. The response inhibition abilities of GD are weakened when processing task-unrelated or negative information, which may be caused by failure of behavioral inhibition and weakened conflict control, resulting in more cognitive resources to complete response suppression under specific conditions. This study provides evidence for weaker response inhibition in GD individuals from the perspective of cognitive-emotional interaction and provides more detailed information for interventions for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongling Yu
- Yucai School Huiyuan Branch Attached to Sichuan Chengdu No. 7 High School, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Groves NB, Wells EL, Soto EF, Marsh CL, Jaisle EM, Harvey TK, Kofler MJ. Executive Functioning and Emotion Regulation in Children with and without ADHD. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:721-735. [PMID: 34762251 PMCID: PMC9091051 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties with emotion regulation affect the majority of youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and predict greater functional impairment than ADHD symptoms alone. Deficits in executive functioning are also present for most children with ADHD, and have been linked with emotion regulation difficulties in both clinical and neurotypical populations throughout development. The current study was the first to assess all three core executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control, set shifting) simultaneously in a clinically-diverse sample of children with and without ADHD and common comorbidities and investigate the extent to which they uniquely predict emotion dysregulation. A sample of 151 children ages 8-13 years (M = 10.36, SD = 1.52; 52 girls; 70.2% White/Non-Hispanic) were assessed using a criterion battery of executive functioning tasks, teacher-reported ADHD symptoms, and parent-reported emotion regulation. Results of the bias-corrected, bootstrapped conditional effects path model revealed that better-developed working memory predicted better emotion regulation (β = 0.23) and fewer ADHD symptoms (β = -0.21 to -0.37), that ADHD symptoms (β = -0.18 to -0.20) independently predicted emotion dysregulation, and that working memory exerted indirect effects on emotion regulation through both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity (β = 0.04-0.07). Sensitivity analyses indicated that these effects were generally robust to control for age, sex, executive function interrelations, and inclusion/exclusion of children with co-occurring ASD. These findings underscore the importance of working memory (relative to inhibitory control and set shifting) and its relations with ADHD symptoms for understanding children's emotion regulation skills, and may help explain the limited efficacy of first-line ADHD treatments, which do not target working memory, for improving emotion regulation skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Groves
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Erica L Wells
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Elia F Soto
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Carolyn L Marsh
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Emma M Jaisle
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - T Kathy Harvey
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, 3210 Stone Building, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Michael J Kofler
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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Bartholomew ME, Heller W, Miller GA. Inhibitory control of emotional processing: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 163:5-10. [PMID: 30936042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although inhibitory control appears to support successful emotion regulation (ER; Joorman and Gotlib, 2010; McCabe et al., 2010), few emotion inhibition studies position themselves in the literature on ER, and even fewer ER studies reference the role of emotion inhibition. Perhaps contributing to this, the ER literature is frequently divided into implicit or "automatic" (which subsumes emotion inhibition) and explicit or "effortful" control (Braunstein et al., 2017; Gyurak et al., 2011). The present paper evaluates relationships among constructs of inhibitory control, emotion inhibition, and ER to assess neural evidence for and against distinctions between implicit and explicit ER. We argue that, whereas the distinction between implicit and explicit ER may appear organizationally or conceptually helpful, such categorical distinctions are not supported by available research and in fact contribute to imbalances in the research literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Bartholomew
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Wendy Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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7
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Bartholomew ME, Yee CM, Heller W, Miller GA, Spielberg JM. Reconfiguration of brain networks supporting inhibition of emotional challenge. Neuroimage 2019; 186:350-357. [PMID: 30394327 PMCID: PMC6372757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reacting to the salient emotional features of a stimulus is adaptive unless the information is irrelevant or interferes with goal-directed behavior. The ability to ignore salient but otherwise extraneous information involves restructuring of brain networks and is a key impairment in several psychological disorders. Despite the importance of understanding inhibitory control of emotional response, the associated brain network mechanisms remain unknown. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data obtained from 103 participants performing an emotion-word Stroop (EWS) task, the present study applied graph-theory analysis to identify how brain regions subserving emotion processing and cognitive control are integrated within the global brain network to promote more specialized and efficient processing during successful inhibition of response to emotional distractors. The present study identified two sub-networks associated with emotion inhibition, one involving hyper-connectivity to prefrontal cortex and one involving hyper-connectivity to thalamus. Brain regions typically associated with identifying emotion salience were more densely connected with the thalamic hub, consistent with thalamic amplification of prefrontal cortex control of these regions. Additionally, stimuli high in emotional arousal prompted restructuring of the global network to increase clustered processing and overall communication efficiency. These results provide evidence that inhibition of emotion relies on interactions between cognitive control and emotion salience sub-networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Bartholomew
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
| | - Cindy M Yee
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Wendy Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Spielberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 the Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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Marceau EM, Kelly PJ, Solowij N. The relationship between executive functions and emotion regulation in females attending therapeutic community treatment for substance use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 182:58-66. [PMID: 29154148 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulties in emotion regulation influence the development of substance use disorder (SUD), its severity, course, treatment outcomes, and relapse. Impaired executive functions (EFs) are common in SUD populations and may relate to emotion dysregulation. The current study tested whether performance on three basic EF tasks ('working memory', 'inhibition', and 'task-switching') and/or inventory-based assessment of EF were related to difficulties in emotion regulation in females attending residential SUD therapeutic community treatment. METHODS Cross-sectional design in which participants (N=50, all female) completed a questionnaire battery including the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A) was used. Participants also completed neuropsychological assessment of EF including the Working Memory Index (WMI; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), and measures of inhibition and task-switching (Color-Word Interference Test; Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System). RESULTS Executive dysfunction, as assessed by the Global Executive Composite (GEC; BRIEF-A), and personality disorder indicators (Standardised Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale; SAPAS) were positively correlated with DERS scores. Sequential hierarchical regression indicated that task-switching, GEC, and SAPAS scores statistically predicted DERS scores, while working memory and inhibition did not. Mediation analysis indicated that there was a significant indirect effect of GEC scores and task-switching performance on DERS scores, through SAPAS scores. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of EF, particularly task-switching, is related to difficulties in emotion regulation in a female sample attending residential SUD treatment. Cognitive training interventions that improve task-switching performance may be beneficial in promoting effective emotion regulation and improved SUD treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ely M Marceau
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Peter J Kelly
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Turnbull OH, Salas CE. Confabulation: Developing the 'emotion dysregulation' hypothesis. Cortex 2016; 87:52-61. [PMID: 27899170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Confabulations offer unique opportunities for establishing the neurobiological basis of delusional thinking. As regards causal factors, a review of the confabulation literature suggests that neither amnesia nor executive impairment can be the sole (or perhaps even the primary) cause of all delusional beliefs - though they may act in concert with other factors. A key perspective in the modern literature is that many delusions have an emotionally positive or 'wishful' element, that may serve to modulate or manage emotional experience. Some authors have referred to this perspective as the 'emotion dysregulation' hypothesis. In this article we review the theoretical underpinnings of this approach, and develop the idea by suggesting that the positive aspects of confabulatory states may have a role in perpetuating the imbalance between cognitive control and emotion. We draw on existing evidence from fields outside neuropsychology, to argue for three main causal factors: that positive emotions are related to more global or schematic forms of cognitive processing; that positive emotions influence the accuracy of memory recollection; and that positive emotions make people more susceptible to false memories. These findings suggest that the emotions that we want to feel (or do not want to feel) can influence the way we reconstruct past experiences and generate a sense of self - a proposition that bears on a unified theory of delusional belief states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H Turnbull
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Christian E Salas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social (LaNCyS), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile; Unidad de Psicoterapia Dinámica (UPD), Instituto Psiquiátrico José Horwitz Barak, Santiago, Chile
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