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Kancherla V, Rhoads A, Conway KM, Suhl J, Langlois PH, Hoyt AT, Shaw GM, Evans SP, Moore CA, Luben TJ, Michalski A, Feldkamp ML, Romitti PA. Maternal periconceptional exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and neural tube defects in offspring. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2370. [PMID: 38888449 PMCID: PMC11295258 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between maternal periconceptional exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water and neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring are inconclusive, limited in part by exposure misclassification. METHODS Maternal interview reports of drinking water sources and consumption from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study were linked with DBP concentrations in public water system monitoring data for case children with an NTD and control children delivered during 2000-2005. DBPs analyzed were total trihalomethanes, the five most common haloacetic acids combined, and individual species. Associations were estimated for all NTDs combined and selected subtypes (spina bifida, anencephaly) with maternal periconceptional exposure to DBPs in public water systems and with average daily periconceptional ingestion of DBPs accounting for individual-level consumption and filtration information. Mixed effects logistic regression models with maternal race/ethnicity and educational attainment at delivery as fixed effects and study site as a random intercept were applied. RESULTS Overall, 111 case and 649 control children were eligible for analyses. Adjusted odds ratios for maternal exposure to DBPs in public water systems ranged from 0.8-1.5 for all NTDs combined, 0.6-2.0 for spina bifida, and 0.7-1.9 for anencephaly; respective ranges for average daily maternal ingestion of DBPs were 0.7-1.1, 0.5-1.5, and 0.6-1.8. Several positive estimates (≥1.2) were observed, but all confidence intervals included the null. CONCLUSIONS Using community- and individual-level data from a large, US, population-based, case-control study, we observed statistically nonsignificant associations between maternal periconceptional exposure to total and individual DBP species in drinking water and NTDs and subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kancherla
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - A. Rhoads
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - K. M. Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - J. Suhl
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - P. H. Langlois
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, University of Texas School of Public Health – Austin Campus, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - A. T. Hoyt
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - G. M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - S. P. Evans
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C. A. Moore
- Goldbelt Professional Services LLC, Chesapeake, Virginia, USA
| | - T. J. Luben
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - A. Michalski
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Albany, New York, USA
| | - M. L. Feldkamp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - P. A. Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Tindula G, Issac B, Mukherjee SK, Ekramullah SM, Arman DM, Islam J, Suchanda HS, Sun L, Rockowitz S, Christiani DC, Warf BC, Mazumdar M. Genome-wide analysis of spina bifida risk variants in a case-control study from Bangladesh. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2331. [PMID: 38526198 PMCID: PMC10963057 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human studies of genetic risk factors for neural tube defects, severe birth defects associated with long-term health consequences in surviving children, have predominantly been restricted to a subset of candidate genes in specific biological pathways including folate metabolism. METHODS In this study, we investigated the association of genetic variants spanning the genome with risk of spina bifida (i.e., myelomeningocele and meningocele) in a subset of families enrolled from December 2016 through December 2022 in a case-control study in Bangladesh, a population often underrepresented in genetic studies. Saliva DNA samples were analyzed using the Illumina Global Screening Array. We performed genetic association analyses to compare allele frequencies between 112 case and 121 control children, 272 mothers, and 128 trios. RESULTS In the transmission disequilibrium test analyses with trios only, we identified three novel exonic spina bifida risk loci, including rs140199800 (SULT1C2, p = 1.9 × 10-7), rs45580033 (ASB2, p = 4.2 × 10-10), and rs75426652 (LHPP, p = 7.2 × 10-14), after adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing. Association analyses comparing cases and controls, as well as models that included their mothers, did not identify genome-wide significant variants. CONCLUSIONS This study identified three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in biological pathways not previously associated with neural tube defects. The study warrants replication in larger groups to validate findings and to inform targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Tindula
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Biju Issac
- Research Computing, Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Sudipta Kumer Mukherjee
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargoan, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Muhammad Ekramullah
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargoan, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - DM Arman
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargoan, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Joynul Islam
- Department of Clinical Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargoan, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Hafiza Sultana Suchanda
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Research Committee, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargoan, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing, Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- Research Computing, Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Warf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Maitreyi Mazumdar
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
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Oxman E, Li H, Wang HY, Zohn IE. Identification and functional analysis of rare HECTD1 missense variants in human neural tube defects. Hum Genet 2024; 143:263-277. [PMID: 38451291 PMCID: PMC11043113 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe malformations of the central nervous system that arise from failure of neural tube closure. HECTD1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for cranial neural tube closure in mouse models. NTDs in the Hectd1 mutant mouse model are due to the failure of cranial mesenchyme morphogenesis during neural fold elevation. Our earlier research has linked increased extracellular heat shock protein 90 (eHSP90) secretion to aberrant cranial mesenchyme morphogenesis in the Hectd1 model. Furthermore, overexpression of HECTD1 suppresses stress-induced eHSP90 secretion in cell lines. In this study, we report the identification of five rare HECTD1 missense sequence variants in NTD cases. The variants were found through targeted next-generation sequencing in a Chinese cohort of 352 NTD cases and 224 ethnically matched controls. We present data showing that HECTD1 is a highly conserved gene, extremely intolerant to loss-of-function mutations and missense changes. To evaluate the functional consequences of NTD-associated missense variants, functional assays in HEK293T cells were performed to examine protein expression and the ability of HECTD1 sequence variants to suppress eHSP90 secretion. One NTD-associated variant (A1084T) had significantly reduced expression in HEK293T cells. All five NTD-associated variants (p.M392V, p.T801I, p.I906V, p.A1084T, and p.P1835L) reduced regulation of eHSP90 secretion by HECTD1, while a putative benign variant (p.P2474L) did not. These findings are the first association of HECTD1 sequence variation with NTDs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Oxman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Research and Innovation Campus, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20012, USA
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, State Key Laboratory of Genetic, Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Research and Innovation Campus, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20012, USA.
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Oxman E, Li H, Wang HY, Zohn I. Identification and Functional Analysis of Rare HECTD1 Missense Variants in Human Neural Tube Defects. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3794712. [PMID: 38260607 PMCID: PMC10802691 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3794712/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe malformations of the central nervous system that arise from failure of neural tube closure. HECTD1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for cranial neural tube closure in mouse models. NTDs in the Hectd1 mutant mouse model are due to the failure of cranial mesenchyme morphogenesis during neural fold elevation. Our earlier research has linked increased secretion of extracellular heat shock protein 90 (eHSP90) to aberrant cranial mesenchyme morphogenesis in the Hectd1 model. Furthermore, overexpression of HECTD1 suppresses stress-induced eHSP90 secretion in cell lines. In this study, we report the identification of five rare HECTD1 missense sequence variants in NTD cases. The variants were found through targeted next-generation sequencing in a Chinese cohort of 352 NTD cases and 224 ethnically matched controls. We present data showing that HECTD1 is a highly conserved gene, extremely intolerant to loss-of-function mutations and missense changes. To evaluate the functional consequences of NTD-associated missense variants, functional assays in HEK293T cells were performed to examine protein expression and the ability of HECTD1 sequence variants to suppress eHSP90 secretion. One NTD-associated variant (A1084T) had significantly reduced expression in HEK293T cells. All five NTD-associated variants (p.M392V, p.T801I, p.I906V, p.A1084T, and p.P1835L) reduced regulation of eHSP90 secretion by HECTD1, while a putative benign variant (p.P2474L) did not. These findings are the first association of HECTD1 sequence variation with human disease and suggest that sequence variation in HECTD1 may play a role in the etiology of human NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huili Li
- University of Colorado at Boulder
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Chen Y, Pang J, Ye L, Zhang Z, Lin S, Lin N, Lee TH, Liu H. Disorders of the central nervous system: Insights from Notch and Nrf2 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115383. [PMID: 37643483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional complexity of the central nervous system (CNS) is unparalleled in living organisms. It arises from neural crest-derived cells that migrate by the exact route, leading to the formation of a complex network of neurons and glial cells. Recent studies have shown that novel crosstalk exists between the Notch1 and Nrf2 pathways and is associated with many neurological diseases. The Notch1-Nrf2 axis may act on nervous system development, and the molecular mechanism has recently been reported. In this review, we summarize the essential structure and function of the CNS. The significance of interactions between signaling pathways and between developmental processes like proliferation, apoptosis and migration in ensuring the correct development of the CNS is also presented. We primarily focus on research concerning possible mechanism of interaction between Notch1 and Nrf2 and the functions of Notch1-Nrf2 in neurons. There may be a direct interaction between Notch1 and NRF2, which is closely related to the crosstalk that occurs between them. The significance and potential applications of the Notch1-Nrf2 axis in abnormal development of the nervous system are been highlighten. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which the Notch1-Nrf2 axis controls the apoptosis, antioxidant pathway and differentiation of neurons to modulate the development of the nervous system. This information will lead to a better understanding of Notch1-Nrf2 axis signaling pathways in the nervous system and may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiao Pang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lu Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Suijin Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Na Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Kancherla V. Neural tube defects: a review of global prevalence, causes, and primary prevention. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:1703-1710. [PMID: 36882610 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects and contribute to life-long disabilities, high medical care costs, and perinatal and child mortality. This review is a primer on prevalence, causes, and evidence-based prevention strategies for NTDs. The estimated average global prevalence of NTDs is two cases per 1000 births, amounting to approximately 214,000-322,000 affected pregnancies worldwide annually. Prevalence and associated adverse outcomes are disproportionately high in developing countries. NTDs have multiple risk factors including genetic and non-genetic (i.e., maternal nutritional status, pre-pregnancy diabetes, early pregnancy exposure to valproic acid (anti-epileptic medication), and a previous pregnancy affected by a NTD) factors. Maternal folate insufficiency before and during early pregnancy is the most common risk factor and is preventable. Folic acid (vitamin B9) is required for formation of the neural tube early in pregnancy, around 28 days after conception, when most women are unaware of their pregnancies. Current guidelines recommend that all women planning or capable of pregnancy take a daily supplement containing 400-800 μg of folic acid. Mandatory folic acid fortification of staple foods (e.g., wheat flour, maize flour, rice) is safe, economical, and the effective intervention for primary prevention of NTDs. Currently, about 60 countries are implementing mandatory folic acid fortification of staple foods, preventing just a quarter of all preventable NTD cases worldwide. There is an urgent need for active champions, including neurosurgeons and other healthcare providers, to generate political will and promote effective mandatory food fortification with folic acid, and reach equitable primary prevention of NTDs in all countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Kancherla
- Center for Spina Bifida Prevention, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Zemet R, Krispin E, Johnson RM, Kumar NR, Westerfield LE, Stover S, Mann DG, Castillo J, Castillo HA, Nassr AA, Sanz Cortes M, Donepudi R, Espinoza J, Whitehead WE, Belfort MA, Shamshirsaz AA, Van den Veyver IB. Implication of chromosomal microarray analysis prior to in-utero repair of fetal open neural tube defect. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 61:719-727. [PMID: 36610024 PMCID: PMC10238557 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In-utero repair of open neural tube defects (ONTD) is an accepted treatment option with demonstrated superior outcome for eligible patients. While current guidelines recommend genetic testing by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) when a major congenital anomaly is detected prenatally, the requirement for an in-utero repair, based on the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) criteria, is a normal karyotype. In this study, we aimed to evaluate if CMA should be recommended as a prerequisite for in-utero ONTD repair. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies complicated by ONTD that underwent laparotomy-assisted fetoscopic repair or open-hysterotomy fetal surgery at a single tertiary center between September 2011 and July 2021. All patients met the MOMS eligibility criteria and had a normal karyotype. In a subset of the pregnancies (n = 77), CMA testing was also conducted. We reviewed the CMA results and divided the cohort into two groups according to whether clinically reportable copy-number variants (CNV) were detected (reportable-CNV group) or not (normal-CMA group). Surgical characteristics, complications, and maternal and early neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. The primary outcomes were fetal or neonatal death, hydrocephalus, motor function at 12 months of age and walking status at 30 months of age. Standard parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were employed as appropriate. RESULTS During the study period, 146 fetuses with ONTD were eligible for and underwent in-utero repair. CMA results were available for 77 (52.7%) patients. Of those, 65 (84%) had a normal CMA and 12 (16%) had a reportable CNV, two of which were classified as pathogenic. The first case with a pathogenic CNV was diagnosed with a 749-kb central 22q11.21 deletion spanning low-copy-repeat regions B-D of chromosome 22; the second case was diagnosed with a 1.3-Mb interstitial deletion at 1q21.1q21.2. Maternal demographics, clinical characteristics, operative data and postoperative complications were similar between those with normal CMA results and those with reportable CNVs. There were no significant differences in gestational age at delivery or any obstetric and early neonatal outcome between the study groups. Motor function at birth and at 12 months of age, and walking status at 30 months of age, were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Standard diagnostic testing with CMA should be offered when an ONTD is detected prenatally, as this approach has implications for counseling regarding prognosis and recurrence risk. Our results indicate that the presence of a clinically reportable CNV should not a priori affect eligibility for in-utero repair, as overall pregnancy outcome is similar in these cases to that of cases with normal CMA. Nevertheless, significant CMA results will require a case-by-case multidisciplinary discussion to evaluate eligibility. To generalize the conclusion of this single-center series, a larger, multicenter long-term study should be considered. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Zemet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E. Krispin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R. M. Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N. R. Kumar
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L. E. Westerfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine and Reproductive and Prenatal Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S. Stover
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D. G. Mann
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Clinical Ethics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. Castillo
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H. A. Castillo
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A. A. Nassr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M. Sanz Cortes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R. Donepudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. Espinoza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W. E. Whitehead
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M. A. Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A. A. Shamshirsaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I. B. Van den Veyver
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal–Fetal Medicine and Reproductive and Prenatal Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Fetal Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Menekşe G, Kahvecioğlu D, Aksoy HT, Kankaya Y, Bayar MA. First report of surgery for anencephaly in twin pregnancies: Technical notes and postoperative management. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33358. [PMID: 36961186 PMCID: PMC10036067 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anencephaly, the most severe form of neural tube defect, has no known cure, and in most cases, patients die before or shortly after birth. To date, no surgical intervention has been reported in the management of anencephaly. This study presents a case of dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy in which 1 twin was anencephalic and describes the surgical management of this complex case. We aimed to share the problems experienced during the follow up of a patient who survived for a long time after surgery. We also aimed to highlight several clinical issues, including the challenges of managing anencephaly in twin pregnancies, problems experienced during the follow up process in our case, diagnosis of brain death in anencephaly cases, and ethical dilemmas related to organ donation. This case is notable because of the challenging nature of the surgical procedure and complexity of postoperative care. By highlighting the difficulties encountered during the follow up period, we hope to provide insights to health professionals that can inform the management of similar cases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güner Menekşe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koru Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kahvecioğlu
- Department of Neonatology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Yüksel Kankaya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Bayar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Advances in Fetal Surgical Repair of Open Spina Bifida. Obstet Gynecol 2023; 141:505-521. [PMID: 36735401 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spina bifida remains a common congenital anomaly of the central nervous system despite national fortification of foods with folic acid, with a prevalence of 2-4 per 10,000 live births. Prenatal screening for the early detection of this condition provides patients with the opportunity to consider various management options during pregnancy. Prenatal repair of open spina bifida, traditionally performed by the open maternal-fetal surgical approach through hysterotomy, has been shown to improve outcomes for the child, including decreased need for cerebrospinal fluid diversion surgery and improved lower neuromotor function. However, the open maternal-fetal surgical approach is associated with relatively increased risk for the patient and the overall pregnancy, as well as future pregnancies. Recent advances in minimally invasive prenatal repair of open spina bifida through fetoscopy have shown similar benefits for the child but relatively improved outcomes for the pregnant patient and future childbearing.
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10
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Liu Y, Chen L, Bi Y, Shen J, Chen H, Ma Y. The Mechanism of Bladder Injury in Fetal Rats With Myelomeningocele. Front Neurol 2022; 13:861308. [PMID: 35756928 PMCID: PMC9218472 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.861308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder dysfunction has been implicated as a major cause of progressive renal failure in children with neurogenic bladder. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the expression of proliferation, apoptosis, and neuromuscular-related proteins during the development of the bladder in myelomeningocele fetal rats, and to explore the characteristics of its abnormal development. Methods For the myelomeningocele group, Sprague Dawley pregnant rats were intragastrically injected with retinoic acid on the 10th day of gestation to induce myelomeningocele fetal rats. For the control group, the same amount of olive oil was injected to induce normal fetal rats. Bladders were harvested at embryonic days E16, E18, E20, and E22. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cleaved caspase-3, neuron-specific nuclear-binding protein (NeuN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and mRNA at E16-E22; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of cleaved caspase-3 at E22. Results The proliferation of bladder tissue cells was inhibited, with suppressed PCNA expression in myelomeningocele bladder tissue compared with that in control tissue at the early stage (E16). Myelomeningocele bladders showed increased tissue apoptosis in the late embryonic stage, with significantly higher cleaved caspase-3 protein expression than in the control bladders at E20 and E22. NeuN protein expression increased along with embryonic stage, although the expression at E20 and E22 was significantly lower in myelomeningocele bladders than in control bladders. α-SMA protein expression in myelomeningocele bladders increased gradually with the progression of pregnancy, although its expression was lower than that for control bladders at E22. Immunohistochemistry showed abundant positive staining for cleaved caspase-3 in the bladder mucosa and muscle layer of myelomeningocele bladders, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was significantly higher in myelomeningocele bladders than in control bladders. Conclusions Bladder dysfunction in myelomeningocele fetal rats is related to the inhibition of proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, and reduction of bladder nerve and smooth muscle-related protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University at Xiamen (Xiamen Children's Hospital), Xiamen, China
| | - Yunli Bi
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Liu Y, Yuan Q, Wang Z, Ding L, Kong N, Liu J, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Li C, Yan G, Jiang Y, Sun H. A high level of KLF12 causes folic acid-resistant neural tube defects by activating the Shh signalling pathway in mice. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:837-845. [PMID: 34104947 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adequate periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation has reduced the occurrence of pregnancies affected by neural tube defects (NTDs), the mechanisms underlying FA-resistant NTDs are poorly understood, and thus NTDs still remain a global public health concern. A high level of Krüppel-like factor 12 (KLF12) exerts deleterious effects on heath in most cases, but evidence for its roles in development has not been published. We observed KLF12-overexpressing mice showed disturbed neural tube development. KLF12-overexpressing foetuses died in utero at approximately 10.5 days post coitus, with 100% presenting cranial NTDs. Neither FA nor formate promoted normal neural tube closure in mutant foetuses. The RNA-seq results showed that a high level of KLF12 caused NTDs in mice via overactivating the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway, leading to the upregulation of patched 1, GLI-Krüppel family member GLI1, hedgehog-interacting protein, etc., while FA metabolism-related enzymes did not express differently. PF-5274857, an antagonist of the Shh signalling pathway, significantly promoted dorsolateral hinge point formation and partially rescued the NTDs. The regulatory hierarchy between a high level of KLF12 and FA-resistant NTDs might provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of unexplained NTDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Kong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijun Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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12
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Evans MI, Chen M, Britt DW. Understanding False Negative in Prenatal Testing. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:888. [PMID: 34067767 PMCID: PMC8156690 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A false negative can happen in many kinds of medical tests, regardless of whether they are screening or diagnostic in nature. However, it inevitably poses serious concerns especially in a prenatal setting because its sequelae can mark the birth of an affected child beyond expectation. False negatives are not a new thing because of emerging new tests in the field of reproductive, especially prenatal, genetics but has occurred throughout the evolution of prenatal screening and diagnosis programs. In this paper we aim to discuss the basic differences between screening and diagnosis, the trade-offs and the choices, and also shed light on the crucial points clinicians need to know and be aware of so that a quality service can be provided in a coherent and sensible way to patients so that vital issues related to a false negative result can be appropriately comprehended by all parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I. Evans
- Fetal Medicine Foundation of America, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.I.E.); (D.W.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Dayeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - David W. Britt
- Fetal Medicine Foundation of America, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.I.E.); (D.W.B.)
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13
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Nonaka M, Ueno K, Isozaki H, Kamei T, Takeda J, Asai A. Familial tendency in patients with lipoma of the filum terminale. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:1641-1647. [PMID: 33415512 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipoma of the filum terminale (FL) is an abnormality in which fat is deposited in the filum terminale. This lipoma is often detected by skin abnormalities in the lumbosacral area such as a sacrococcygeal dimple. Some cases may develop tethered cord and become symptomatic. However, the genetic basis of FL is still unclear. METHODS This study aimed to determine whether there was a family history of FL or other forms of spina bifida among 54 families of 56 patients with FL and to examine whether there is a familial predisposition in FL. In addition, sex, age at diagnosis, presence of symptoms, presence of sacrococcygeal dimple, and the level of conus medullaris between familial and spontaneous cases were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 54 families of FL patients, there were 48 siblings. Among the 48 siblings, 2 had "occult" FL. The frequency of FL among siblings was estimated to be 4.2% (2/48), which was significantly higher than the sum of previously reported cases of spontaneous FL (0.91%; p = 0.017). However, there was no significant difference in sex, age at diagnosis, presence of symptoms, presence of sacrococcygeal dimple, diameter of filum terminale, or level of conus medullaris between familial and spontaneous cases. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report on familial FL and examination of the frequency of FL among siblings. The high probability of FL among siblings of FL patients suggests that genetic factors may play a role in FL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nonaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Ueno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Haruna Isozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kamei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Junichi Takeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Akio Asai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
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14
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Abstract
During embryonic development, the central nervous system forms as the neural plate and then rolls into a tube in a complex morphogenetic process known as neurulation. Neural tube defects (NTDs) occur when neurulation fails and are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The frequency of NTDs varies greatly anywhere from 0.5 to 10 in 1000 live births, depending on the genetic background of the population, as well as a variety of environmental factors. The prognosis varies depending on the size and placement of the lesion and ranges from death to severe or moderate disability, and some NTDs are asymptomatic. This chapter reviews how mouse models have contributed to the elucidation of the genetic, molecular, and cellular basis of neural tube closure, as well as to our understanding of the causes and prevention of this devastating birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene E Zohn
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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15
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Houtrow AJ, Thom EA, Fletcher JM, Burrows PK, Adzick NS, Thomas NH, Brock JW, Cooper T, Lee H, Bilaniuk L, Glenn OA, Pruthi S, MacPherson C, Farmer DL, Johnson MP, Howell LJ, Gupta N, Walker WO. Prenatal Repair of Myelomeningocele and School-age Functional Outcomes. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-1544. [PMID: 31980545 PMCID: PMC6993457 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS), a randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair for myelomeningocele, found that prenatal surgery resulted in reduced hindbrain herniation and need for shunt diversion at 12 months of age and better motor function at 30 months. In this study, we compared adaptive behavior and other outcomes at school age (5.9-10.3 years) between prenatal versus postnatal surgery groups. METHODS Follow-up cohort study of 161 children enrolled in MOMS. Assessments included neuropsychological and physical evaluations. Children were evaluated at a MOMS center or at a home visit by trained blinded examiners. RESULTS The Vineland composite score was not different between surgery groups (89.0 ± 9.6 in the prenatal group versus 87.5 ± 12.0 in the postnatal group; P = .35). Children in the prenatal group walked without orthotics or assistive devices more often (29% vs 11%; P = .06), had higher mean percentage scores on the Functional Rehabilitation Evaluation of Sensori-Neurologic Outcomes (92 ± 9 vs 85 ± 18; P < .001), lower rates of hindbrain herniation (60% vs 87%; P < .001), had fewer shunts placed for hydrocephalus (49% vs 85%; P < .001) and, among those with shunts, fewer shunt revisions (47% vs 70%; P = .02) than those in the postnatal group. Parents of children repaired prenatally reported higher mean quality of life z scores (0.15 ± 0.67 vs 0.11 ± 0.73; P = .008) and lower mean family impact scores (32.5 ± 7.8 vs 37.0 ± 8.9; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference between surgery groups in overall adaptive behavior. Long-term benefits of prenatal surgery included improved mobility and independent functioning and fewer surgeries for shunt placement and revision, with no strong evidence of improved cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Houtrow
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth A. Thom
- Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Pamela K. Burrows
- Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - N. Scott Adzick
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nina H. Thomas
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John W. Brock
- Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy Cooper
- Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hanmin Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Orit A. Glenn
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sumit Pruthi
- Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cora MacPherson
- Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Diana L. Farmer
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; and
| | - Mark P. Johnson
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lori J. Howell
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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16
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Lupo PJ, Mitchell LE, Jenkins MM. Genome-wide association studies of structural birth defects: A review and commentary. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1329-1342. [PMID: 31654503 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is strong evidence that genetic risk factors play an important role in the etiologies of structural birth defects, compared to other diseases, there have been relatively few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of these conditions. We reviewed the current landscape of GWAS conducted for birth defects, noting novel insights, and future directions. METHODS This article reviews the literature with regard to GWAS of structural birth defects. Key defects included in this review include oral clefts, congenital heart defects (CHDs), biliary atresia, pyloric stenosis, hypospadias, craniosynostosis, and clubfoot. Additionally, other issues related to GWAS are considered, including the assessment of polygenic risk scores and issues related to genetic ancestry, as well as utilizing genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism array data to evaluate gene-environment interactions and Mendelian randomization. RESULTS For some birth defects, including oral clefts and CHDs, several novel susceptibility loci have been identified and replicated through GWAS, including 8q24 for oral clefts, DGKK for hypospadias, and 4p16 for CHDs. Relatively common birth defects for which there are currently no published GWAS include neural tube defects, anotia/microtia, anophthalmia/microphthalmia, gastroschisis, and omphalocele. CONCLUSIONS Overall, GWAS have been successful in identifying several novel susceptibility genes and genomic regions for structural birth defects. These findings have provided new insights into the etiologies of these phenotypes. However, GWAS have been underutilized for understanding the genetic etiologies of several birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura E Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary M Jenkins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Stricker S, Balmer C, Guzman R, Soleman J. Dizygotic opposite-sex twins with surgically repaired concordant myelomeningocele conceived by in vitro fertilization using intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:725-728. [PMID: 30349985 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a common subtype of congenital neural tube defects (NTD). Although congenital malformations including NTD are more common in twins, concordance, especially in dizygotic twins, is extremely rare and is found mostly in same-sex twins. The role of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of MMC is unclear. CASE REPORT Dizygotic twins of opposite sex were born at term to a 35-year-old woman conceived with in vitro fertilization (IVF) using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Prenatal ultrasonography (US) revealed concordant lumbosacral MMC at 18 weeks of gestation as well as ventriculomegaly and Arnold-Chiari malformation type II at 28 weeks. Both twins underwent surgical repair of the MMC within 48 h after birth and required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in the second week of life. DISCUSSION The case presented raises questions concerning the etiology of MMC, since in twins, it is compelling to attribute the etiology to genetic factors. In the literature, 22 pairs of twins with concordant MMC have been reported, and of the 10 dizygotic twins described, four were of opposite sex. However, in monozygotic twins, most of the cases are non-concordant; therefore, the role of genetics remains unclear. In addition, environmental factors such as nutrition, metabolic folic acid deficiency, and assisted conception with IVF and ICSI might play a role as well. CONCLUSION The appearance of concordant MMC in opposite-sex dizygotic twins, conceived by IVF using ICSI, intrigues questions concerning the etiology of MMC. In such cases, genetic counseling and evaluation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stricker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital and Children's Hospital of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Balmer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital and Children's Hospital of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jehuda Soleman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital and Children's Hospital of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Castillo J, Lupo PJ, Tu DD, Agopian A, Castillo H. The National Spina Bifida Patient Registry: A Decade's journey. Birth Defects Res 2018; 111:947-957. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Castillo
- Developmental Pediatrics, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of PediatricsSection of Hematology‐Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Duong D. Tu
- Department of Pediatric UrologyTexas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - A.J. Agopian
- Department of EpidemiologyHuman Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UT Health School of Public Health Houston Texas
| | - Heidi Castillo
- Developmental Pediatrics, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
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