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McDonald M, Kohls G, Henke N, Wahl H, Backhausen LL, Roessner V, Buse J. Altered neural anticipation of reward and loss but not receipt in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:362. [PMID: 38745267 PMCID: PMC11094903 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts and repetitive actions. Such repetitive thoughts and/or behaviors may be reinforced either by reducing anxiety or by avoiding a potential threat or harm, and thus may be rewarding to the individual. The possible involvement of the reward system in the symptomatology of OCD is supported by studies showing altered reward processing in reward-related regions, such as the ventral striatum (VS) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), in adults with OCD. However, it is not clear whether this also applies to adolescents with OCD. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, two sessions were conducted focusing on the anticipation and receipt of monetary reward (1) or loss (2), each contrasted to a verbal (control) condition. In each session, adolescents with OCD (n1=31/n2=26) were compared with typically developing (TD) controls (n1=33/ n2=31), all aged 10-19 years, during the anticipation and feedback phase of an adapted Monetary Incentive Delay task. RESULTS Data revealed a hyperactivation of the VS, but not the OFC, when anticipating both monetary reward and loss in the OCD compared to the TD group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that aberrant neural reward and loss processing in OCD is associated with greater motivation to gain or maintain a reward but not with the actual receipt. The greater degree of reward 'wanting' may contribute to adolescents with OCD repeating certain actions more and more frequently, which then become habits (i.e., OCD symptomatology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria McDonald
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Nathalie Henke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Hannes Wahl
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lea L Backhausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Judith Buse
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Hurter B, Gourley SL, Wolmarans DW. Associations between nesting, stereotypy, and working memory in deer mice: response to levetiracetam. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:647-656. [PMID: 37055664 PMCID: PMC10227124 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) exhibit various phenotypes of persistent behaviors. It remains unknown if and how said phenotypes associate with early-life and adult cognitive perturbations, and whether potentially cognitive enhancing drugs might modify such associations. Here, we explored the longitudinal relationship between early-life behavioral flexibility and the expression of persistent behavior in adulthood. We also investigated how said phenotypes might associate with working memory in adulthood, and how this association might respond to chronic exposure to the putative cognitive enhancer, levetiracetam (LEV). METHODS 76 juvenile deer mice were assessed for habit-proneness in the Barnes maze (BM) and divided into two exposure groups (n = 37-39 per group), i.e., control and LEV (75 mg/kg/day). After 56 days of uninterrupted exposure, mice were screened for nesting and stereotypical behavior, and then assessed for working memory in the T-maze. RESULTS Juvenile deer mice overwhelmingly utilize habit-like response strategies, regardless of LNB and HS behavior in adulthood. Further, LNB and HS are unrelated in terms of their expression, while LEV reduces the expression of LNB, but bolsters CR (but not VA). Last, an increased level of control over high stereotypical expression may facilitate improved working memory performance. CONCLUSION LNB, VA and CR, are divergent in terms of their neurocognitive underpinnings. Chronic LEV administration throughout the entire rearing period may be of benefit to some phenotypes, e.g., LNB, but not others (CR). We also show that an increased level of control over the expression of stereotypy may facilitate improved working memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Hurter
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - De Wet Wolmarans
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Ralph S, Cooper M. Brief humanistic counselling with an adolescent client experiencing obsessive‐compulsive difficulties: A theory‐building case study. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hollmann K, Hohnecker CS, Haigis A, Alt AK, Kühnhausen J, Pascher A, Wörz U, App R, Lautenbacher H, Renner TJ, Conzelmann A. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:989550. [PMID: 36329915 PMCID: PMC9624471 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.989550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in childhood and adolescence often leads to significant impairment in various areas of life and has a high risk of becoming chronic. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the recommended first-line treatment, but it is too rarely implemented in accordance with guidelines and is often not available close to the patient's home. Importantly, internet-based CBT could help to reduce this gap in care. Having previously successfully demonstrated the feasibility of an internet-based CBT approach, we aimed to assess its effectiveness in a waiting list controlled randomized trial. METHODS Children and adolescents aged 6-18 years with a principal diagnosis of OCD received 14 sessions of therapist-delivered CBT via videoconference distributed over 16 weeks. After inclusion, participants were randomly assigned to either the treatment or waiting list group. Participants in the treatment group began treatment immediately after baseline diagnostics, and participants in the waiting list group began treatment after a 16-week waiting period. The primary outcome was a pre-post comparison of OCD symptoms as measured with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). Additionally, remission was an important outcome measure. Follow-up assessments were conducted for all measures 16 and 32 weeks after completion of treatment. RESULTS A total of 60 children and adolescents were included into the analyses. Over the course of the treatment, OCD symptoms according to the CY-BOCS significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the waiting-list control group. Cohen's d between groups was 1.63. After the patients in the waiting list group also received the treatment, the OCD symptoms decreased significantly in this group as well. This improvement of symptoms increased over the course of the follow-up assessments. Remission rate peaked at the 32-week follow-up, with 68% in the treatment group and 79% in the waiting list group. Importantly, patient satisfaction with treatment was high to very high. CONCLUSION In our study, OCD symptoms decreased significantly and remission rate was high after internet-based CBT. Those effects were comparable to those found in studies of face-to-face treatment. Although further evidence is needed, these are early indications that our approach may be a viable way to provide access to adequate treatment for children and adolescents affected by OCD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05037344].
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Hollmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin S Hohnecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Haigis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika K Alt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Kühnhausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Pascher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Wörz
- Section for Information Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rehan App
- Section for Information Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Tobias J Renner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology II), Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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Cunning C, Hodes M. The COVID-19 pandemic and obsessive-compulsive disorder in young people: Systematic review. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:18-34. [PMID: 34171975 PMCID: PMC8814616 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211028169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the world since the first cases were reported in China in January 2020. The secondary mental health impacts of the pandemic are thought to be significant. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a condition defined by recurrent obsessions and compulsions. It has been hypothesised that the focus on hygiene and contamination during the pandemic could exacerbate obsessive-compulsive symptoms in young people. METHOD A systematic literature review was conducted. Papers were sought looking at the effect of the pandemic on obsessive-compulsive disorder in young people. RESULTS Six published cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were identified, of which four studies investigated clinic samples with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder and two looked at community adolescent populations. Five out of the six studies found that obsessive-compulsive symptoms were exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic appears to be associated with a worsening of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in young people. Being in treatment seems to have a protective effect. Maintaining mental health services during a pandemic is vital. It is important to be aware of the implications of pandemic on obsessive-compulsive symptoms in young people in order to allow them to access appropriate treatments. More research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cunning
- Division of Psychiatry, 4615Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hodes
- Division of Psychiatry, 4615Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, 4615Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Yang W, Tang Z, Wang X, Ma X, Cheng Y, Wang B, Sun P, Tang W, Luo J, Wang C, Li P, Xu G, Yan J, Brakoulias V, Wang Z. The cost of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in China: a multi-center cross-sectional survey based on hospitals. Gen Psychiatr 2021; 34:e100632. [PMID: 34950853 PMCID: PMC8655608 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2021-100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered a very debilitating disorder with severe loss of quality of life and income. Aims This study estimates the quality of life and economic consequences of OCD in China. Methods The research team interviewed 639 patients with OCD in 13 hospitals in 12 cities in China. The direct method was used to get the direct cost of OCD. Indirect costs associated with OCD were estimated using the human capital approach. Linear regression analysis was conducted for quality of life and generalised linear model analysis was conducted for total cost. Sensitivity analysis was used to analyse the uncertainty of total cost. Results The mean quality of life score for OCD was 52.78 (20.46). The annual total cost of OCD per capita was 24 503.78 (95% CI: 22 621.53 to 26 386.03) renminbi (RMB) (US$3465.88 (95% CI: US$3199.65 to US$3732.11)). The annual cost of OCD in China was estimated to be 37.74 billion (95% CI: 34.95 billion to 40.53 billion) RMB (equal to US$5.34 billion (95% CI: US$4.94 billion to US$5.73 billion)). Sensitivity analysis showed that the total annual cost of OCD in China was between 23.15 billion RMB (US$3.27 billion) and 370.00 billion RMB (US$52.33 billion). Worse social function status, more psychiatric symptoms and higher Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score were associated with worse quality of life. The numbers of clinic visits and hospitalisations, socioeconomic status, education, Y-BOCS scores and age were found to be significantly associated with total cost. Conclusions OCD is associated with low quality of life and high costs in China. The findings call for concerted efforts to improve services for patients with OCD. Improvements may include early detection and diagnosis, the provision of evidence-based treatments and relapse prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xijin Wang
- The First Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiancang Ma
- Department of psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia Luo
- The Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Vlasios Brakoulias
- The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Buonanno C, Iuliano E, Grossi G, Mancini F, Stendardo E, Tudisco F, Pizzini B. Forgiveness in the Modulation of Responsibility in a Sample of Italian Adolescents with a Tendency towards Conduct or Obsessive-Compulsive Problems. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101333. [PMID: 34679398 PMCID: PMC8534277 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and the conduct disorders (CD) express a contrasting symptomatology, they could represent different answers to a common matrix about morality. In the literature, some theoretical models describe people with OCD as individuals who experience high levels of responsibility and guilt. On the other hand, adolescents with a CD are described as if they do not feel guilty at all or consider anti-social purposes as more important than existing moral purposes. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of forgiveness in responsibility and guilt levels and to test whether this putative relation was influenced by tendencies towards obsessive–compulsive problems (OCP) or conduct problems (CP). In total, 231 adolescents aged between 16 and 18 years were self-assessed using a Youth Self-Report, Child Responsibility Attitudes Questionnaire, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and Test Of Self-Conscious Affect. The results show that self-forgiveness predicted responsibility levels, while guilt was predicted by self-forgiveness and situation-forgiveness. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that the effects of OCP on responsibility and guilt were mediated by self-forgiveness and situation-forgiveness. Regarding CP, no mediated effects were found. In conclusion, lower proneness to forgive increases responsibility and guilt, and this is particularly evident in subjects with higher levels of OCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Buonanno
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy srl, 00162 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (B.P.)
| | - Enrico Iuliano
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy srl, 00162 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.T.)
- InMovement Center, 04022 Fondi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grossi
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy srl, 00162 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.T.)
- InMovement Center, 04022 Fondi, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy srl, 00162 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.T.)
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Studies Guglielmo Marconi, 00193 Roma, Italy
| | - Emiliana Stendardo
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy srl, 00162 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Fabrizia Tudisco
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy srl, 00162 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Barbara Pizzini
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy srl, 00162 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (E.S.); (F.T.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (B.P.)
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Wanderer S, Roessner V, Strobel A, Martini J. WISC-IV performance of children with Chronic Tic Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: results from a German clinical study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:44. [PMID: 34465371 PMCID: PMC8408972 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Tic Disorder (CTD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are complex neuropsychiatric disorders that frequently co-occur. The aim of this study was to examine WISC-IV performance of a clinical cohort of children with CTD, OCD and/or ADHD. METHODS N = 185 children aged 6 to 17 years from Germany with CTD, OCD and/or ADHD were examined with the WISC-IV that comprises four index scores (VCI: Verbal Comprehension Index, PRI: Perceptual Reasoning Index, WMI: Working Memory Index, PSI: Processing Speed Index) and a Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). WISC-IV profiles of children with CTD-only, OCD-only, ADHD-only, CTD+ADHD, CTD+OCD and CTD+OCD+ADHD were compared with the WISC-IV norm (N = 1650, M = 100 and SD = 15) and among each other. RESULTS Unpaired t-tests revealed that children with ADHD-only showed significant lower PSI scores, whereas children with CTD-only and OCD-only had significant higher VCI scores as compared to the German WISC-IV norm. One-way ANOVA revealed that children with ADHD-only showed significant lower WMI scores as compared to children with CTD+OCD. CONCLUSIONS We were able to confirm previous evidence on WISC-IV profiles in ADHD in a German clinical sample and contribute new findings on cognitive performance in children with (non-)comorbid CTD and OCD that have to be seen in light of the study's limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Wanderer
- grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Strobel
- grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Wilhelm-Raabe-Str. 43, 09120 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Yang W, Gu W, Brakoulias V, Li D, Ji L, Wang Z. The outpatient costs and trends of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Shanghai, China. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113102. [PMID: 32544713 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Gu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Vlasios Brakoulias
- The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Sydney Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dong Li
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Long Ji
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Novara C, Pardini S, Cardona F, Pastore M. Comparing Models of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) in an Italian Clinical Sample. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:615. [PMID: 32848897 PMCID: PMC7424057 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder that interferes with daily functioning and may arise during childhood. The current study is the first attempt by Italian researchers to validate the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). AIMS The study's primary aim was to investigate the best CY-BOCS model fit, adopting a Bayesian model comparison strategy, among four different factor models: a one-factor model; a two-factor model based on Obsessions and Compulsions; Storch et al.'s and Mc Kay et al.'s two-factor model based on Disturbance and Severity. The study also aimed to investigate the types of treatments found in a sample of Italian OCD children patients. METHODS The study sample was made up of 53 children with OCD and 14 children with Tourette Syndrome and TIC. RESULTS An analysis of our data demonstrated that the Obsessions and Compulsions model was the most plausible one, as it demonstrated the best fit indices, strong convergent validity, and good reliability. The study results additionally uncovered that 24.5% of the children in the OCD sample had not yet begun any treatment pathway a year after a diagnosis was formulated. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the Obsessions and Compulsions scales of the CY-BOCS separately represent appropriate instruments to evaluate children with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Novara
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Susanna Pardini
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardona
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Umane, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pastore
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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11
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Drăgoi AM, Pecie LG, Patrichi BE, Ladea M. Morphopathological changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2020; 61:51-60. [PMID: 32747895 PMCID: PMC7728136 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been studied for many years using several structural magnetic resonance imaging, discovering that the anomalies of function and structure of the brain are widespread, they involve different areas, structures and circuits with a complex interconnectivity. More than that, these anomalies cover all the life of a patient, from early childhood, due to variations of developmental stages until adult life. The research is highly important also because OCD has a major hereditary factor, with the phenotype variance between 27–47% due to hereditary factors. Under this paper, that follows last 10 years studies in this area, we will find some relevant findings consisting on neuroanatomic changes, the morphology findings of striatum, globus pallidus and thalamus, the blood flow circuit changes in various regions of the brain, brain connectivity and various correlations of them. Not to forget that OCD must be understand as an emotional disorder but in the same time as a cognitive disorder too. This approach highlights the abnormalities that have been found in brain regions involved in the cognitive and emotional behavior, as for example: extended temporal, parietal, and occipital regions, anterior cingulate, frontal gyrus, amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miruna Drăgoi
- Department of Psychiatry, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital for Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania;
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Ashraf F, Jibeen T, Masood A. Perceived Stress in Relation to Obsessions and Compulsions in South Asian Adults: Moderating Role of Socio-demographic Characteristics. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:680-691. [PMID: 31853693 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examines perceived stress associated with obsessions and compulsions (OC) in a normative sample of adults. The aim was to discover whether socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, marital status, employment status, age and education) had a moderating effect on perceived stress and OC symptoms. The participants were 362 Pakistani adults (M age = 26.82 years, SD = 4.75; males = 188, females = 174) and the findings were based on a demographic questionnaire, the perceived stress scale (Cohen et al., in Applied multiple correlation/regression analysis for the behavioral sciences, Taylor & Francis, London, 1983), and the Padua inventory of obsessive compulsion disorder symptoms (Burns et al., in Behav Res Ther, 34(2), 163-173, 1996). A series of stepwise regression analyses showed that socio-demographic characteristics (employment status, age, and education) significantly moderated the relationship between perceived stress and OC symptoms. The current findings have implications for clinicians and researchers in generating effective stress management programs and learning mechanism for managing OC symptoms, particularly in the context of socio-demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ashraf
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Tahira Jibeen
- Department of Psychology, University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Masood
- Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Nazeer A, Latif F, Mondal A, Azeem MW, Greydanus DE. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Transl Pediatr 2020; 9:S76-S93. [PMID: 32206586 PMCID: PMC7082239 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2019.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be found in about 4% of the general population and is characterized by various compulsions and obsessions that interfere with the person's quality of life from a mild to severe degree. The following discussion reflects on current concepts in this condition, including its epidemiology and etiologic underpinnings (behavioral, neurological, immunological, gastroenterological, as well as genetic). The interplay of PANS and PANDAS are included in this review. In addition, the core concepts of OCD diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and co-morbidities are considered. It is stressed that the quality of life for persons with pediatric OCD as well as for family members can be quite limited and challenged. Thus, principles of management are presented as a guide to improve the quality of life for these persons as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Nazeer
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Finza Latif
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aisha Mondal
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Donald E Greydanus
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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Sharma E, Tripathi A, Grover S, Avasthi A, Dan A, Srivastava C, Goyal N, Manohari SM, Reddy J. Clinical profile of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: A multicentric study from India. Indian J Psychiatry 2019; 61:564-571. [PMID: 31896861 PMCID: PMC6862976 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_128_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Data from the Western countries suggest that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is associated with male preponderance, comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders, and high family loading. However, data are limited from the developing countries with respect to the demographic and clinical characteristics of OCD in children and adolescents. AIMS To study the demographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents (age ≤18 years) with OCD. SETTING AND DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in outpatient treatment setting, across six centers in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were assessed using a semi-structured pro forma for sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, the Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CYBOCS), Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition Research Version, Children's Depression Rating Scale, and Family Interview for Genetic Studies. RESULTS The sample was largely male with a moderate illness severity. Nearly 75% of the sample had illness onset before the age of 14 years. Aggressive, contamination-related obsessions and washing, checking, and repeating compulsions were the most common symptoms. CYBOCS assessment revealed that >2/3rd of children and adolescents endorsed avoidance, pathological doubting, overvalued sense of responsibility, pervasive slowness, and indecisiveness. Family history and comorbidity rates were low. OC-related disorders were present in about 10% of the sample. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the clinical characteristics of OCD in children and adolescents in developing countries differ on certain aspects as reported from developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eesha Sharma
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Adarsh Tripathi
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amitava Dan
- Department of Psychiatry, Burdwan Medical College, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Chhitij Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nishant Goyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkahnd, India
| | - S M Manohari
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Lee TH, Kim M, Kwak YB, Hwang WJ, Kim T, Choi JS, Kwon JS. Altered Eye-Movement Patterns During Text Reading in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Internet Gaming Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:248. [PMID: 30405372 PMCID: PMC6200846 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and internet gaming disorder (IGD), which are similar in that both involve repetitive behaviors and related with cognitive dysfunctions, frequently begin in early adolescence, which is a critical period for learning. Although the deterioration in cognitive functioning caused by these conditions may have adverse effects on information processing, such as text reading, there has been no comprehensive research on the objective indicators of altered reading patterns in these patients. Therefore, we evaluated eye-movement patterns during text reading in patients with OCD or IGD. In total, 20 patients with OCD, 28 patients with IGD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) participated in the reading task using an eye tracker. We compared the fixation durations (FDs), saccade amplitudes and eye-movement regressions of the three groups during reading. We explored relationships between the parameters reflecting altered reading patterns and those reflecting the severity of clinical symptoms. The average FDs and forward saccade amplitudes did not differ significantly among the groups. There were more eye-movement regressions in patients with OCD than in patients with IGD and HCs. No correlation was found between altered eye-movement patterns during reading and the severity of clinical symptoms in any of the patient groups. The significantly increased number of regressions (NRs) in the OCD group during reading may reflect these patients’ difficulties with inferential information processing, whereas the reading pattern in the IGD group is relatively intact. These findings suggest that patients with OCD and patients with IGD have different eye-movement patterns during reading reflecting distinct cognitive impairments in the two patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Hyung Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo Bin Kwak
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wu Jeong Hwang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taekwan Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee AJ, Buckingham ET, Kauer AJ, Mathews KD. Descriptive Phenotype of Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Males With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Child Neurol 2018; 33:572-579. [PMID: 29779439 PMCID: PMC6027593 DOI: 10.1177/0883073818774439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased rates of clinically significant internalizing disorders (obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety, and depression) have been demonstrated in males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and a Duchenne muscular dystrophy neuropsychiatric syndrome has been suggested. Although symptoms of depression are widely recognized, some of the other internalizing symptoms are less frequently identified. Through a retrospective chart review of 107 males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we identified 15 patients with obsessive compulsive disorder spectrum symptoms; 11 of those also had anxiety symptoms. Many of these patients received selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, commonly noting improvement in symptoms. Here we describe the clinical features of several patients in detail to facilitate early recognition and consideration for treatment for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and internalizing psychiatric symptoms. The results of this cohort showed a significantly increased rate of obsessive compulsive disorder spectrum symptoms (14%) compared to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Lee
- 1 Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edward T Buckingham
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aaron J Kauer
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katherine D Mathews
- 3 Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Associations between Disorder-Specific Symptoms of Anxiety and Error-Monitoring Brain Activity in Young Children. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 45:1439-1448. [PMID: 27995359 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are among the earliest emerging disorders and most common mental health problem across the lifespan. A common characteristic of individuals with anxiety is poor attentional and cognitive control. Therefore, researchers are interested in how cognitive functioning relates to anxiety in young children. In particular, research has demonstrated associations between anxiety and electrophysiological markers of cognitive control skills such as the error-related negativity (ERN). The nature of the anxiety-ERN relationship is not well understood, however. The purpose of the present study was to examine: 1) the association between the ERN and diagnostically-defined symptoms of different anxiety disorders; and 2) the extent to which disorder-specific symptoms of anxiety moderated the association between ERN and behavioral performance on a Go/No-Go task in a sample of 139 children 5-8 years of age (70 females and 69 males). Results suggest that more separation anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms are associated with a smaller ΔERN, even after controlling for other anxiety disorder symptoms. Children with more SAD symptoms showed higher error rates and failed to exhibit the expected association between ΔERN and behavioral performance, suggesting ineffective error-monitoring in young children with SAD problems.
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Increased decision thresholds enhance information gathering performance in juvenile Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005440. [PMID: 28403139 PMCID: PMC5406001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be described as cautious and hesitant, manifesting an excessive indecisiveness that hinders efficient decision making. However, excess caution in decision making may also lead to better performance in specific situations where the cost of extended deliberation is small. We compared 16 juvenile OCD patients with 16 matched healthy controls whilst they performed a sequential information gathering task under different external cost conditions. We found that patients with OCD outperformed healthy controls, winning significantly more points. The groups also differed in the number of draws required prior to committing to a decision, but not in decision accuracy. A novel Bayesian computational model revealed that subjective sampling costs arose as a non-linear function of sampling, closely resembling an escalating urgency signal. Group difference in performance was best explained by a later emergence of these subjective costs in the OCD group, also evident in an increased decision threshold. Our findings present a novel computational model and suggest that enhanced information gathering in OCD can be accounted for by a higher decision threshold arising out of an altered perception of costs that, in some specific contexts, may be advantageous.
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Rees CS, Anderson RA, Kane RT, Finlay-Jones AL. Online Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment: Preliminary Results of the "OCD? Not Me!" Self-Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Young People. JMIR Ment Health 2016; 3:e29. [PMID: 27381977 PMCID: PMC4951631 DOI: 10.2196/mental.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and evaluation of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) interventions provides a potential solution for current limitations in the acceptability, availability, and accessibility of mental health care for young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Preliminary results support the effectiveness of therapist-assisted iCBT for young people with OCD; however, no previous studies have examined the effectiveness of completely self-guided iCBT for OCD in young people. OBJECTIVE We aimed to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of the OCD? Not Me! program for reducing OCD-related psychopathology in young people (12-18 years). This program is an eight-stage, completely self-guided iCBT treatment for OCD, which is based on exposure and response prevention. METHODS These data were early and preliminary results of a longer study in which an open trial design is being used to evaluate the effectiveness of the OCD? Not Me! PROGRAM Participants were required to have at least subclinical levels of OCD to be offered the online program. Participants with moderate-high suicide/self-harm risk or symptoms of eating disorder or psychosis were not offered the program. OCD symptoms and severity were measured at pre- and posttest, and at the beginning of each stage of the program. Data was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS A total of 334 people were screened for inclusion in the study, with 132 participants aged 12 to 18 years providing data for the final analysis. Participants showed significant reductions in OCD symptoms (P<.001) and severity (P<.001) between pre- and posttest. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that fully automated iCBT holds promise as a way of increasing access to treatment for young people with OCD; however, further research needs to be conducted to replicate the results and to determine the feasibility of the program. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12613000152729; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=363654 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/ 6iD7EDFqH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Samantha Rees
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
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The Relative Contribution of a Typological versus a Dimensional Approach for Understanding Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-015-9530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rees CS, Anderson RA, Finlay-Jones A. OCD? Not Me! Protocol for the development and evaluation of a web-based self-guided treatment for youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007486. [PMID: 25926148 PMCID: PMC4420975 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OCD? Not Me! is a novel, web-based, self-guided intervention designed to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in young people aged 12-18, using the principles of exposure and response prevention. The current paper presents the protocol for the development of the programme and for an open trial that will evaluate the effectiveness of this programme for OCD in young people, and associated distress and symptom accommodation in their parents and caregivers. METHODS We will measure the impact of the OCD? Not Me! programme on OCD symptoms using the Children's Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (C-FOCI), and both the self-report and parent report of the Children's Obsessional Compulsive Inventory-Revised (ChOCI-R). The impact of the programme on OCD-related functional impairment will be measured using the parent report of the Child Obsessive-Compulsive Impact Scale-Revised (COIS-R). Secondary outcome measures include the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Youth Quality of Life-Short Form (YQoL-SF). The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) will be used to measure the impact of the programme on parent/caregiver distress, while the Family Accommodation Scale (FAS) will be used to measure change in family accommodation of OCD symptoms. Multilevel mixed effects linear regression will be used to analyse the impact of the intervention on the outcome measures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee. The results of the study will be reported in international peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613000152729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare S Rees
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Anderson
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amy Finlay-Jones
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Kuhn KW, Cambron J. Chiropractic management using a brain-based model of care for a 15-year-old adolescent boy with migraine headaches and behavioral and learning difficulties: a case report. J Chiropr Med 2014; 12:274-80. [PMID: 24396330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this report is to describe chiropractic management, using a brain-based model of care, of a teen who had migraine headaches and several social and learning difficulties. CLINICAL FEATURES A 15-year-old adolescent boy with a chronic history of migraines and more than 10 years of learning and behavioral difficulties, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and Tourette syndrome, presented for chiropractic care. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME The patient received spinal manipulation and was given home physical coordination activities that were contralateral to the side of the involved basal ganglia and ipsilateral to the involved cerebellum, along with interactive metronome training. Quantitative changes were noted in neurological soft signs, tests of variables of attention Conners' Parent Rating Scale, the California Achievement Test, grade point, and reduction of medications. The patient reported qualitative improvements in tics, attention, reading, vision, health, relationships with his peers and his family, and self-esteem. CONCLUSION The patient with migraine headaches and learning difficulties responded well to the course of chiropractic care. This study suggests that there may be value in a brain-based model of care in the chiropractic management of conditions that are beyond musculoskeletal in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerrilyn Cambron
- Professor, Research, Basic and Clinical Science, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, IL
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Heintzeler MB. Correspondence (letter to the editor): More than 70% delivered by other methods. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2011; 108:741-742. [PMID: 22114650 PMCID: PMC3221420 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Petry H. Correspondence (letter to the editor): Obsessive-compulsive neurosis in psychoanalytical terms. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2011; 108:741-742. [PMID: 22114651 PMCID: PMC3221421 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0741b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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