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Kang Y, Shi Y, Xu S. Arbidol: The current demand, strategies, and antiviral mechanisms. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e984. [PMID: 37647451 PMCID: PMC10461429 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High morbidity and mortality of influenza virus infection have made it become one of the most lethal diseases threatening public health; the lack of drugs with strong antiviral activity against virus strains exacerbates the problem. METHODS Two independent researchers searched relevant studies using Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases from its inception to December 2022. RESULTS Based on the different antiviral mechanisms, current antiviral strategies can be mainly classified into virus-targeting approaches such as neuraminidase inhibitors, matrix protein 2 ion channel inhibitors, polymerase acidic protein inhibitors and other host-targeting antivirals. However, highly viral gene mutation has underscored the necessity of novel antiviral drug development. Arbidol (ARB) is a Russian-made indole-derivative small molecule licensed in Russia and China for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other respiratory viral infections. ARB also has inhibitory effects on many other viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coxsackie virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Hantaan virus, herpes simplex virus, and hepatitis B and C viruses. ARB is a promising drug which can not only exert activity against virus at different steps of virus replication cycle, but also directly target on hosts before infection to prevent virus invasion. CONCLUSION ARB is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that inhibits several viruses in vivo and in vitro, with high safety profile and low resistance; the antiviral mechanisms of ARB deserve to be further explored and more high-quality clinical studies are required to establish the efficacy and safety of ARB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of NeurodegenerationSchool of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of PharmacyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Silu Xu
- Department of PharmacyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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Kumari R, Sharma SD, Kumar A, Ende Z, Mishina M, Wang Y, Falls Z, Samudrala R, Pohl J, Knight PR, Sambhara S. Antiviral Approaches against Influenza Virus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0004022. [PMID: 36645300 PMCID: PMC10035319 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00040-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing and controlling influenza virus infection remains a global public health challenge, as it causes seasonal epidemics to unexpected pandemics. These infections are responsible for high morbidity, mortality, and substantial economic impact. Vaccines are the prophylaxis mainstay in the fight against influenza. However, vaccination fails to confer complete protection due to inadequate vaccination coverages, vaccine shortages, and mismatches with circulating strains. Antivirals represent an important prophylactic and therapeutic measure to reduce influenza-associated morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk populations. Here, we review current FDA-approved influenza antivirals with their mechanisms of action, and different viral- and host-directed influenza antiviral approaches, including immunomodulatory interventions in clinical development. Furthermore, we also illustrate the potential utility of machine learning in developing next-generation antivirals against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumari
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suresh D. Sharma
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary Ende
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), CDC Fellowship Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Association of Public Health Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zackary Falls
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ram Samudrala
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul R. Knight
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Niu T, Jiang Y, Fan S, Yang G, Shi C, Ye L, Wang C. Antiviral effects of Pediococcus acidilactici isolated from Tibetan mushroom and comparative genomic analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1069981. [PMID: 36704546 PMCID: PMC9871908 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1069981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is one of the main pathogens that cause diarrhoea in young animals, and countless animals have died of rotavirus infection worldwide. Three strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tibetan mushrooms were used to study the inhibition of rotavirus in vitro and in vivo. One part was to identify and study the biochemical and probiotic characteristics of three isolated lactic acid bacteria, and the other part was to evaluate the inhibitory effect on rotavirus via in vivo and in vitro experiments. The whole genome of the lactic acid bacteria with the best antiviral effect was sequenced, and the differences between them and the standard strains were analyzed by comparative genomic analysis, so as to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the antiviral effect of lactic acid bacteria.The three strains were identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei. Pediococcus acidilactici showed good acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, survival in artificial intestinal fluid, survival in gastric fluid and bacteriostasis. In in vitro experiments, pig intestinal epithelial cells cocultured with Pediococcus acidilactici exhibited reduced viral infection. In the in vivo experiment, the duodenum of mice fed Pediococcus acidilactici had extremely low numbers of virus particles. The total genome size was 2,026,809 bp, the total number of genes was 1988, and the total length of genes was 1,767,273 bp. The proportion of glycoside hydrolases and glycoside transferases in CAZy was 50.6 and 29.6%, respectively. The Metabolism function in KEEG had the highest number of Global and overview maps. Among the comparative genomes, Pediococcus acidilactici had the highest homology with GCF 000146325.1, and had a good collinearity with GCF 013127755.1, without numerous gene rearrangement events such as insertion, deletion, inversion and translocation. In conclusion, Pediococcus acidilactici was a good candidate strain for antiviral probiotics.
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Wang J, Sun Y, Liu S. Emerging antiviral therapies and drugs for the treatment of influenza. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2022; 27:389-403. [PMID: 36396398 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2022.2149734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both vaccines and antiviral drugs represent the mainstay for preventing and treating influenza. However, approved M2 ion channel inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, and various vaccines cannot meet therapeutic needs because of viral resistance. Thus, the discovery of new targets for the virus or host and the development of more effective inhibitors are essential to protect humans from the influenza virus. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the latest progress in vaccines and antiviral drug research to prevent and treat influenza, providing the foothold for developing novel antiviral inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Vaccines embody the most effective approach to preventing influenza virus infection, and recombinant protein vaccines show promising prospects in developing next-generation vaccines. Compounds targeting the viral components of RNA polymerase, hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein, and the modification of trusted neuraminidase inhibitors are future research directions for anti-influenza virus drugs. In addition, some host factors affect the replication of virus in vivo, which can be used to develop antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yihang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou Guangdong China
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