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Wu X, Tang L, Gong J. Correlation analysis of mental toughness, family social support, and anxiety of nursing staff. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2563-2570. [PMID: 39006263 PMCID: PMC11236631 DOI: 10.62347/pwlm8459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the impact of family social support affects anxiety levels and mental toughness among nursing staff, and to identify the pathways of how mental toughness develops. METHODS We selected 256 nursing staff from the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu using a convenience sampling method. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing family social support, anxiety level and mental toughness of the nursing staff. The questionnaires included the general information questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Then, we analyzed the correlation between nursing staff' family social support, anxiety symptoms and mental toughness by using Pearson correlation. Finally, we analyzed the effect of family social support on mental toughness and anxiety levels by using linear regression, and analyzed the path of family social support and psychological toughness on anxiety symptoms by using structural equation modeling. RESULTS We finally collected 246 valid questionnaires with a valid recovery rate of 96.09%. 116 (47.15%) nursing staff reported a moderate level of family social support, with a mean PSSS score of (58.98 ± 7.64). Anxiety risk was identified in 43.39% of participants, with a mean SAS score of 50.47 ± 10.96. In terms of mental toughness, 104 (42.28%) nursing staff exhibited a low level of mental toughness, and 116 (47.15%) demonstrated moderate level of mental toughness with CD-RISC score of (58.23 ± 10.12). Correlation analyses revealed a strong negative correlation between the family social support, mental toughness and their anxiety (r = -0.586, -0.516, respectively), and a strong positive correlation between family social support and mental toughness (r = 0.571). Regression analysis showed that family social support was a significant negative predictor for anxiety (β = -0.841, t = -9.488), but a significant positive predictor for mental toughness (β = 0.756, t = 11.669). Mediation analysis indicated that mental toughness mediated 26.28% of the relationship between family social support and anxiety levels. CONCLUSION Family social support can significantly reduce anxiety levels in nursing staff directly, as well as indirectly by increasing mental toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wu
- Central Sterile Supply Department, The People’s Hospital of XichangXichang 615000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Central Operating Room, The Third People’s Hospital of ChengduChengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
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Harp NR, Gross JJ, Uusberg A, Neta M. The role of trait reappraisal in response to emotional ambiguity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Emotion 2024; 24:935-946. [PMID: 37971850 PMCID: PMC11096266 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals exhibit a systematic valence bias-a specific form of interpretation bias-in response to emotional ambiguity. Accumulating evidence suggests most people initially respond to emotional ambiguity negatively and differ only in subsequent responses. We hypothesized that trait-level cognitive reappraisal-an emotion regulation strategy involving the reinterpretation of affective meaning of stimuli-might explain individual differences in valence bias. To answer this question, we conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of 14 effect sizes from 13 prior studies (n = 2,086), identified via Google Scholar searches. We excluded studies (a) in languages other than English, (b) from non-peer-reviewed sources, or (c) nonempirical sources. We included studies with (a) the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, (b) a putative measure of valence bias prior to any study-specific manipulations, and (c) adult human participants (i.e., 17+). Supporting our prediction, we found individuals with higher trait reappraisal exhibited a less negative bias (r = -.18, z = -4.04, p < .001), whereas there was a smaller, opposite effect for trait expressive suppression (r = .10, z = 2.14, p = .03). The effects did, however, vary across tasks with stronger effects observed among studies using the scrambled sentences task compared to the valence bias task. Although trait reappraisal accounted for only a small amount of variance, reappraisal may be one mechanism contributing to variability in response to ambiguity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA, USA
| | - Andero Uusberg
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu,
Estonia
| | - Maital Neta
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln,
Lincoln, NE, USA
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Stover AD, Shulkin J, Lac A, Rapp T. A meta-analysis of cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 110:102428. [PMID: 38657292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal, an adaptive emotion regulation strategy that involves subjectively reinterpreting stressful and adverse experiences in a more positive manner, can enhance personal resilience. Personal resilience is a constellation of attributes that facilitate successful coping and an expeditious return to adaptive functioning after exposure to stress or adversity. This meta-analysis evaluated the association between cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience. A systematic and exhaustive search identified 64 independent samples from 55 studies (N = 29,824) that examined the correlation between cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience. A random-effects model revealed a positive summary effect (r = 0.47, p < .001), indicating that higher cognitive reappraisal was associated with higher personal resilience. Six potential meta-moderators were tested: culture, age, name of the cognitive reappraisal measure, name of the personal resilience measure, study design, and publication period. After two extreme effect size outliers were omitted, tests of publication bias did not reveal any publication bias in this line of research. This quantitative synthesis offers compelling evidence showing that cognitive reappraisal skills operate as a protective strategy against stress and adversity and, therefore, enhance personal resilience. The protective benefits of cognitive reappraisal in relation to personal resilience are relatively robust, as the correlations were statistically significant for all subgroups in the meta-moderation analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Stover
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America.
| | - Josh Shulkin
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America
| | - Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America
| | - Timothy Rapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America
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Cui M, Wang S, Gao Y, Hao Y, Dai H. The effect of emotion regulation strategies on nomophobia in college students: The masking role of resilience. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30075. [PMID: 38699027 PMCID: PMC11064443 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
College students have a high prevalence of nomophobia. However, research on the effects of emotion regulation and resilience on nomophobia in China is lacking. This research investigated how cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies directly and indirectly affect nomophobia through resilience. Therefore, from March to May 2023, 756 university student volunteers (21.4 % men) were selected from a university in northeastern China for a questionnaire survey. Our findings suggest that college students' resilience has a masking effect on the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and nomophobia and can attenuate the negative effect of the frequency of using cognitive reappraisal strategies on nomophobia. The frequency of expressive suppression strategies directly and positively affected nomophobia. Early psychological interventions targeting resilience might be potentially effective in alleviating nomophobia among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Cui
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Center for Mental Health Guidance, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ye Gao
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
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Ervin J, Fleitas Alfonzo L, Taouk Y, Maheen H, King T. Unpaid caregiving and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic-A systematic review of the quantitative literature. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297097. [PMID: 38635604 PMCID: PMC11025839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed additional and specific challenges on the lives and wellbeing of informal unpaid carers. Addressing an important gap in the existing literature, this systematic review (prospectively registered with PROSPERO CRD42022376012) synthesises and evaluates the quantitative evidence examining the association between unpaid caregiving and mental health (compared to non-caring), during the pandemic. Five databases were searched (Medline, PsycInfo, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science) from Jan 1, 2020, to March 1, 2023. Population-based, peer-reviewed quantitative studies using any observational design were included, with screening, data extraction and quality assessment (amended NOS) independently conducted by two reviewers. Of the 3,073 records screened, 20 eligible studies (113,151 participants) were included. Overall quality of evidence was moderate. Narrative synthesis was complemented by Effect-direction and Albatross plots (given significant between-study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis). Results indicate that the mental health of informal carers, already poorer pre-COVID compared to non-caregivers, was disproportionally impacted as a result of the pandemic and its associated public health containment measures. This review highlights the vulnerability of this group and should motivate political will and commensurate policies to ensure unpaid caregivers are better supported now, in the medium term, and crucially if, and when, another global public health emergency emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ervin
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ludmila Fleitas Alfonzo
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yamna Taouk
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Humaira Maheen
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tania King
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Weise C, Rief W. Clinical Psychology in Transition: Taking Responsibility and Broadening the Scope. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2023; 5:e13465. [PMID: 38357427 PMCID: PMC10863681 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Weise
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Kaleta FO, Kristensen CB, Duncan M, Crutchley P, Kerr P, Hirsch CR. Cognitive mechanisms and resilience in UK-based general practitioners: cross-sectional findings. Occup Med (Lond) 2023; 73:91-96. [PMID: 36745461 PMCID: PMC10016029 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being a general practitioner (GP) is a stressful occupation, and the strain GPs are under can have negative effects on their psychological well-being, as well as on the patients' experience of healthcare. Resilience can help buffer against this and is a dynamic process by which one can cope with adversity and stress. AIMS This study aimed to identify modifiable cognitive mechanisms related to resilience in GPs, specifically interpretation bias and cognitive reappraisal. METHODS One hundred and fourteen GPs completed an online cross-sectional correlational study. This comprised questionnaires assessing resilience, emotional distress, work environment and cognitive mechanisms (emotion regulation), as well as a task assessing interpretation bias. RESULTS Resilience of GPs was negatively correlated with measures of emotional distress. Furthermore, resilience was positively correlated with positive interpretation bias (r = 0.60, ρ = 0.60, P < 0.01) and cognitive reappraisal (r = 0.39, ρ = 0.40, P < 0.01). In a hierarchical regression, positive interpretation bias (B = 0.25, SE B = 0.06, β = 0.39, P < 0.01) was a significant independent predictor of resilience when controlling for depression, anxiety and stress. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to establish an association between resilience and positive interpretation bias and cognitive reappraisal in GPs. Future research should use longitudinal designs to determine if they have a causal role in promoting resilience, and importantly whether interventions focusing on these processes may foster resilience in less resilient GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O Kaleta
- King’s College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 4AF, UK
| | - C B Kristensen
- King’s College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 4AF, UK
| | - M Duncan
- King’s College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 4AF, UK
| | - P Crutchley
- Harrow Community Mental Health Team, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust (CNWL), Bentley House, Harrow HA3 5QX, UK
| | - P Kerr
- Cornerways Surgery, Bromley BR3 5LG, UK
| | - C R Hirsch
- King’s College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 4AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BX, UK
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