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Kmieć P, Rosenkranz S, Odenthal M, Caglayan E. Differential Role of Aldosterone and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 in Cardiac Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12237. [PMID: 37569619 PMCID: PMC10419155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II, a major culprit in cardiovascular disease, activates mediators that are also involved in pathological cardiac remodeling. In this context, we aimed at investigating the effects of two of them: aldosterone (Ald) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) in an in vivo model. Six-week-old male wild-type (WT) and TGF-β1-overexpressing transgenic (TGF-β1-TG) mice were infused with subhypertensive doses of Ald for 2 weeks and/or treated orally with eplerenone from postnatal day 21. Thehearts' ventricles were examined by morphometry, immunoblotting to assess the intracellular signaling pathways and RT qPCR to determine hypertrophy and fibrosis marker genes. The TGF-β1-TG mice spontaneously developed cardiac hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis and exhibited a higher baseline phosphorylation of p44/42 and p38 kinases, fibronectin and ANP mRNA expression. Ald induced a comparable increase in the ventricular-heart-weight-to-body-weight ratio and cardiomyocyte diameter in both strains, but a less pronounced increase in interstitial fibrosis in the transgenic compared to the WT mice (23.6% vs. 80.9%, p < 0.005). Ald increased the phosphorylation of p44/42 and p38 in the WT but not the TGF-β1-TG mice. While the eplerenone-enriched chow partially prevented Ald-induced cardiac hypertrophy in both genotypes and interstitial fibrosis in the WT controls, it completely protected against additional fibrosis in transgenic mice. Ald appears to induce cardiac hypertrophy independently of TGF-β1, while in the case of fibrosis, the downstream signaling pathways of these two factors probably converge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kmieć
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, Cologne University Heart Center, 50937 Köln, Germany;
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Köln, Germany;
| | - Evren Caglayan
- Department of Cardiology, University-Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Bauersachs J, López-Andrés N. Mineralocorticoid receptor in cardiovascular diseases-Clinical trials and mechanistic insights. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3119-3134. [PMID: 34643952 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone binds to the mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2), a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor family, present in the kidney and in various other non-epithelial cells including the heart and the vasculature. Indeed, extra-renal pathophysiological effects of this hormone have been characterized, extending its actions to the cardiovascular system. A growing body of clinical and pre-clinical evidence suggests that mineralocorticoid receptor overactivation plays an important pathophysiological role in cardiovascular remodelling by promoting cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, arterial stiffness and in inflammation and oxidative stress. The following review article outlines the role of mineralocorticoid receptor in cardiovascular disease with a focus on myocardial remodelling and heart failure (HF) including clinical trials as well as cellular and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research. Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Rationale and design of the PHOspholamban RElated CArdiomyopathy intervention STudy (i-PHORECAST). Neth Heart J 2021; 30:84-95. [PMID: 34143416 PMCID: PMC8799798 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-021-01584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p.Arg14del (c.40_42delAGA) phospholamban (PLN) pathogenic variant is a founder mutation that causes dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Carriers are at increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure, which has been ascribed to cardiac fibrosis. Importantly, cardiac fibrosis appears to be an early feature of the disease, occurring in many presymptomatic carriers before the onset of overt disease. As with most monogenic cardiomyopathies, no evidence-based treatment is available for presymptomatic carriers. Aims The PHOspholamban RElated CArdiomyopathy intervention STudy (iPHORECAST) is designed to demonstrate that pre-emptive treatment of presymptomatic PLN p.Arg14del carriers using eplerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist with established antifibrotic effects, can reduce disease progression and postpone the onset of overt disease. Methods iPHORECAST has a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) design. Presymptomatic PLN p.Arg14del carriers are randomised to receive either 50 mg eplerenone once daily or no treatment. The primary endpoint of the study is a multiparametric assessment of disease progression including cardiac magnetic resonance parameters (left and right ventricular volumes, systolic function and fibrosis), electrocardiographic parameters (QRS voltage, ventricular ectopy), signs and/or symptoms related to DCM and ACM, and cardiovascular death. The follow-up duration is set at 3 years. Baseline results A total of 84 presymptomatic PLN p.Arg14del carriers (n = 42 per group) were included. By design, at baseline, all participants were in New York Heart Association (NHYA) class I and had a left ventricular ejection fraction > 45% and < 2500 ventricular premature contractions during 24-hour Holter monitoring. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any of the baseline characteristics. The study is currently well underway, with the last participants expected to finish in 2021. Conclusion iPHORECAST is a multicentre, prospective randomised controlled trial designed to address whether pre-emptive treatment of PLN p.Arg14del carriers with eplerenone can prevent or delay the onset of cardiomyopathy. iPHORECAST has been registered in the clinicaltrials.gov-register (number: NCT01857856).
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Jeewandara TM, Ameer OZ, Boyd R, Wyse BF, Underwood CF, Phillips JK. Protective cardiorenal effects of spironolactone in a rodent model of polycystic kidney disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:353-60. [PMID: 25676668 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies were performed to examine the contribution of aldosterone to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal disease in a rodent model of genetic kidney disease. Spironolactone (20 mg/kg per day) was administered in water to mixed sex Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK) rats (n = 20) and control Lewis rats (n = 27) from 4 to 12 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age, hypertension was reduced in female LPK rats; systolic blood pressure declined from 226.4 ± 26.8 mmHg in untreated rats and to 179.2 ± 3.2 mmHg in treated rats (P = 0.018). No similar effect on male or control rats was found. Water consumption and urine volume were significantly greater in LPK animals than in Lewis rats, and treatment reduced both variables by ~30% in LPK animals (P < 0.05). Proteinuria and the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio were normalized in treated LPK relative to Lewis controls, and plasma creatinine levels were significantly reduced by treatment in LPK rats. Spironolactone did not alter kidney morphology in LPK rats (fibrosis or cyst size). Aortic vascular responses to noradrenaline and acetylcholine were sensitized and impaired in the LPK (P < 0.01). Aldosterone antagonism did not alter these responses or indicators of aortic structural remodelling. There was no treatment effect on left ventricular hypertrophy or elevated cardiac messenger RNA for β-myosin-heavy chain and brain natriuretic peptide in the LPK rats. However, perivascular fibrosis and messenger RNA for α-cardiac actin were normalized by spironolactone in LPK animals relative to Lewis controls. In conclusion, we have shown an important blood pressure independent effect whereby inhibition of aldosterone via spironolactone was able to retard both renal and cardiac disease progression in a rodent model of polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamarasee M Jeewandara
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Roth L, Rombouts M, Schrijvers DM, Lemmens K, De Keulenaer GW, Martinet W, De Meyer GRY. Chronic intermittent mental stress promotes atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, myocardial infarction and sudden death in mice. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:288-94. [PMID: 26233915 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are prone to plaque rupture leading to acute cardiovascular syndromes and death. Elucidating the risk of plaque rupture is important to define better therapeutic or preventive strategies. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chronic intermittent mental stress on atherosclerotic plaque stability and cardiovascular mortality in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice with a heterozygous mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene (Fbn1(C1039G+/)(-)). This mouse model displays exacerbated atherosclerosis with spontaneous plaque ruptures, myocardial infarction and sudden death, when fed a Western-type diet (WD). Female ApoE(-/-)Fbn1(C1039G+/-) mice were fed a WD for up to 25 weeks. After 10 weeks WD, mice were divided in a control (n = 27) and mental stress (n = 29) group. The chronic intermittent mental stress protocol consisted of 3 triggers: water avoidance, damp bedding and restraint stress, in a randomly assigned order lasting 6 h every weekday for 15 weeks. Chronic intermittent mental stress resulted in a significant increase in the amount of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques of the proximal ascending aorta, whereas type I collagen and fibrous cap thickness were decreased. The coronary arteries of mental stress-treated mice showed larger plaques, more stenosis, and an increased degree of perivascular fibrosis. Moreover, myocardial infarctions occurred more frequently in the mental stress group. As compared to the control group, the survival of stressed ApoE(-/-)Fbn1(C1039G+/-) mice decreased from 67% to 52% at 25 weeks WD, presumably due to myocardial infarctions. In conclusion, chronic intermittent mental stress promotes plaque instability, myocardial infarctions, and mortality of ApoE(-/-)Fbn1(C1039G+/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Miche Rombouts
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Katrien Lemmens
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Vizzardi E, Sciatti E, Bonadei I, D'Aloia A, Tartière-Kesri L, Tartière JM, Cohen-Solal A, Metra M. Effects of spironolactone on ventricular-arterial coupling in patients with chronic systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. Clin Res Cardiol 2015; 104:1078-87. [PMID: 26058790 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-015-0877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies demonstrated that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are able to prevent myocardial and vascular fibrosis, and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with systolic chronic heart failure (HF) and mild symptoms. Ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) should be influenced by anti-fibrotic interventions. We have assessed the effects of spironolactone on VAC and its components, aortic elastance (Ea) and end-systolic LV elastance (Ees), in patients with HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Changes from baseline in VAC were compared between 65 patients treated with spironolactone and 32 controls not receiving MRAs. All patients had HF, reduced LVEF with reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I-II symptoms, and underwent transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and after 6 months. VAC was estimated by the modified single-beat method as Ea/Ees. Parameters of LV function improved after 6 month treatment with spironolactone with an increase in the LVEF from 34 ± 8 to 39 ± 8 % (p < 0.001). Spironolactone increased Ees from 1.32 ± 0.38 to 1.57 ± 0.42 mmHg/mL (p < 0.001) and reduced VAC from 2.03 ± 0.59 to 1.66 ± 0.31 (p < 0.001), but did not affect Ea and V0 (LV volume at end-systolic pressure of 0 mmHg). No change in any of these parameters occurred in the control group. CONCLUSIONS 6-month therapy with spironolactone improved VAC mainly through its effect on Ees in patients with mild HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Vizzardi
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Study of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. .,, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Sciatti
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Study of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ivano Bonadei
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Study of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Aloia
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Study of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lamia Tartière-Kesri
- Cardiac Rehabilitation, Léon Bérard Hospital, Hyères, France.,Cardiology Department, Sainte Musse Hospital, Toulon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Tartière
- Cardiology Department, Sainte Musse Hospital, Toulon, France.,INSERM U942, Paris, France
| | - Alain Cohen-Solal
- Cardiology Department, Lariboisière Hospital and Denis Diderot University, Paris, France.,INSERM U942, Paris, France
| | - Marco Metra
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Study of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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DeMarco VG, Habibi J, Jia G, Aroor AR, Ramirez-Perez FI, Martinez-Lemus LA, Bender SB, Garro M, Hayden MR, Sun Z, Meininger GA, Manrique C, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Low-Dose Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade Prevents Western Diet-Induced Arterial Stiffening in Female Mice. Hypertension 2015; 66:99-107. [PMID: 26015449 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Women are especially predisposed to development of arterial stiffening secondary to obesity because of consumption of excessive calories. Enhanced activation of vascular mineralocorticoid receptors impairs insulin signaling, induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and maladaptive immune responses. We tested whether a subpressor dose of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone (1 mg/kg per day) prevents aortic and femoral artery stiffening in female C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat/high-sugar western diet (WD) for 4 months (ie, from 4-20 weeks of age). Aortic and femoral artery stiffness were assessed using ultrasound, pressurized vessel preparations, and atomic force microscopy. WD induced weight gain and insulin resistance compared with control diet-fed mice and these abnormalities were unaffected by spironolactone. Blood pressures and heart rates were normal and unaffected by diet or spironolactone. Spironolactone prevented WD-induced stiffening of aorta and femoral artery, as well as endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, within aortic explants. Spironolactone prevented WD-induced impaired aortic protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling, as well as impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation. Spironolactone ameliorated WD-induced aortic medial thickening and fibrosis and the associated activation of the progrowth extracellular receptor kinase 1/2 pathway. Finally, preservation of normal arterial stiffness with spironolactone in WD-fed mice was associated with attenuated systemic and vascular inflammation and an anti-inflammatory shift in vascular immune cell marker genes. Low-dose spironolactone may represent a novel prevention strategy to attenuate vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and growth pathway signaling and remodeling to prevent development of arterial stiffening secondary to consumption of a WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G DeMarco
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.).
| | - Javad Habibi
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Guanghong Jia
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Shawn B Bender
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Mona Garro
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Zhe Sun
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Camila Manrique
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.).
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8
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Role of smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptor in vascular tone. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1643-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Galmiche G, Pizard A, Gueret A, El Moghrabi S, Ouvrard-Pascaud A, Berger S, Challande P, Jaffe IZ, Labat C, Lacolley P, Jaisser F. Smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptors are mandatory for aldosterone-salt to induce vascular stiffness. Hypertension 2014; 63:520-526. [PMID: 24296280 PMCID: PMC4446717 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is recognized as a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. Aldosterone via its binding to and activation of the mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) is a main regulator of blood pressure by controlling renal sodium reabsorption. Although both clinical and experimental data indicate that MR activation by aldosterone is involved in arterial stiffening, the molecular mechanism is not known. In addition to the kidney, MR is expressed in both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but the specific contribution of the VSMC MR to aldosterone-induced vascular stiffness remains to be explored. To address this question, we generated a mouse model with conditional inactivation of the MR in VSMC (MR(SMKO)). MR(SMKO) mice show no alteration in renal sodium handling or vascular structure, but they have decreased blood pressure when compared with control littermate mice. In vivo at baseline, large vessels of mutant mice presented with normal elastic properties, whereas carotids displayed a smaller diameter when compared with those of the control group. As expected after aldosterone/salt challenge, the arterial stiffness increased in control mice; however, it remained unchanged in MR(SMKO) mice, without significant modification in vascular collagen/elastin ratio. Instead, we found that the fibronectin/α5-subunit integrin ratio is profoundly altered in MR(SMKO) mice because the induction of α5 expression by aldosterone/salt challenge is prevented in mice lacking VSMC MR. Altogether, our data reveal in the aldosterone/salt hypertension model that MR activation specifically in VSMC leads to the arterial stiffening by modulation of cell-matrix attachment proteins independent of major vascular structural changes.
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MESH Headings
- Aldosterone/toxicity
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary/toxicity
- Vascular Stiffness/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Galmiche
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
| | - Anne Pizard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
| | - Alexandre Gueret
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
| | - Soumaya El Moghrabi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
| | - Antoine Ouvrard-Pascaud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
| | - Stefan Berger
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
| | - Pascal Challande
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
| | - Carlos Labat
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie, Inserm U872 Équipe 1, Paris, France (G.G., S.E.M., F.J.); Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., C.L., P.L.); Inserm U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., A.O.-P.); German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.B.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, France (P.C.); CNRS, UMR 7190, Paris, France (P.C.); Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.); and Centre for Clinical Investigation, Inserm U9501, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (A.P., F.J.)
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10
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Cooper JN, Fried L, Tepper P, Barinas-Mitchell E, Conroy MB, Evans RW, Brooks MM, Woodard GA, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Changes in serum aldosterone are associated with changes in obesity-related factors in normotensive overweight and obese young adults. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:895-901. [PMID: 23657296 PMCID: PMC3766434 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest excess circulating aldosterone promotes cardiometabolic decline. Weight loss may lower aldosterone levels, but little longitudinal data is available in normotensive adults. We aimed to determine whether, independent of changes in sodium excretion, reductions in serum aldosterone are associated with favorable changes in obesity-related factors in normotensive overweight/obese young adults. We studied 285 overweight/obese young adult participants (body mass index ≥ 25 and<40 kg m⁻², age 20-45 years) in a clinical trial examining the effects of a 1-year diet and physical activity intervention with or without sodium restriction on vascular health. Body weight, serum aldosterone, 24-h sodium and potassium excretion and obesity-related factors were measured at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. Weight loss was significant at 6 (7%), 12 (6%) and 24 months (4%; all P<0.0001). Decreases in aldosterone were associated with decreases in C-reactive protein, leptin, insulin, homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance, heart rate, tonic cardiac sympathovagal balance and increases in adiponectin (all P<0.05) in models adjusting for baseline age, sex, race, intervention arm, time since baseline, and sodium and potassium excretion. Weight loss and reductions in thigh intermuscular fat (intermuscular adipose tissue area; IMAT) were associated with decreases in aldosterone in the subgroup (n=98) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline (MetS × weight loss, P=0.04; MetS × change in IMAT, P=0.04). Favorable changes in obesity-related factors are associated with reductions in aldosterone in young adults with no risk factors besides excess weight, an important finding, given aldosterone's emergence as an important cardiometabolic risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Cooper
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Linda Fried
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive Division
| | - Ping Tepper
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Molly B. Conroy
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Rhobert W. Evans
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Maria Mori Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Genevieve A. Woodard
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Kim Sutton-Tyrrell
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
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11
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Boesby L, Elung-Jensen T, Strandgaard S, Kamper AL. Eplerenone attenuates pulse wave reflection in chronic kidney disease stage 3-4--a randomized controlled study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64549. [PMID: 23704994 PMCID: PMC3660355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity associated with increased arterial stiffness. Plasma aldosterone levels are increased in CKD, and aldosterone has been found to increase vascular inflammation and fibrosis. It was hypothesized that aldosterone receptor inhibition with eplerenone could reduce arterial stiffness in CKD stage 3–4. Study Design The design was randomized, open, parallel group. Measurements of arterial stiffness markers were undertaken at weeks 1 and 24. Intervention 24 weeks of add-on treatment with 25–50 mg eplerenone or standard medication. Outcomes Primary outcome parameter was carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Secondary outcomes were augmentation index (AIx), ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and urinary albumin excretion. Results Fifty-four CKD patients (mean eGFR 36 mL/min/1.73 m2, SD 11) were randomized. Forty-six patients completed the trial. The mean difference in cfPWV changes between groups was 0.1 m/s (95%CI: −1.0, 1.3), P = 0.8. The mean difference in AIx changes between groups was 4.4% (0.1, 8.6), P = 0.04. AASI was unchanged in both groups. The ratio of change in urinary albumin excretion in the eplerenone group compared to the control was 0.61 (0.37, 1.01), P = 0.05. Four patients were withdrawn from the eplerenone group including three because of possible side effects; one was withdrawn from the control group. Mild hyperkalemia was seen on three occasions and was easily managed. Limitations The full planned number of patients was not attained. The duration of the trial may have been too short to obtain full effect of eplerenone on the arteries. Conclusions Add-on treatment with eplerenone in CKD stage 3–4 did not significantly reduce cfPWV. There may be beneficial vascular effects leading to attenuated pulse wave reflection. Treatment was well-tolerated. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT01100203
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Boesby
- Department of Nephrology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
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12
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Hong F, Junling H, Yi S, Chi L, Huan Z, Yu Qing D, Lingxia L, Yang G, Ming L. The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptide LAP on the left common carotid artery remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Ir J Med Sci 2013; 182:711-8. [PMID: 23661144 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-013-0963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide LAP on the left common carotid artery remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS A cohort of male SHRs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 for each group): pseudo-experimental group, enalapril-treated group as a positive control group, ACE-inhibitory peptide LAP-treated group. After the experiment, the left common carotid artery from each rat was removed for morphological evaluation. RESULTS It was observed that the vascular medial thickness, media thickness/lumen diameter, medial cross-sectional area and mean nuclear area of smooth muscle cells of the left common carotid artery in the LAP group or enalapril group were significantly lower than those in the pseudo-experimental group, while there was no significant difference in these parameters observed between the LAP group and enalapril group. Additionally, the vascular area percentage of collagen fibers of the left common carotid artery in the LAP group and enalapril group was significantly lower than that of the pseudo-experimental group. CONCLUSIONS The protective vessel remodeling effect in SHRs was observed with ACE-inhibitory peptide LAP in SHRs by decreasing blood pressure, inhibiting smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and reducing the proliferation of collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
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13
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Ayari H, Legedz L, Lantelme P, Feugier P, Randon J, Cerutti C, Lohez O, Scoazec JY, Li JY, Gharbi-Chihi J, Bricca G. Auto-amplification of cortisol actions in human carotid atheroma is linked to arterial remodeling and stroke. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 28:53-64. [PMID: 23025717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High cortisol and aldosterone levels increase cardiovascular risk, but the respective roles of each hormone within the arterial wall remain controversial. We tested the hypothesis that cortisol production within the arterial wall may contribute to atherosclerotic remodeling and act through illicit activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Gene expression studies of the corticoid system components and marker genes of the atherosclerotic process in human carotid atheroma plaque and nearby macroscopically intact tissue (MIT) were considered together with clinical data and compared with pharmacological stimulations of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in contractile or lipid-storing phenotypes. The components of corticoid production and action were present and active within the human carotid wall and VSMCs. Atheroma plaque and lipid-storing VSMCs expressed 11β-hydroxysteroid deshydrogenase-1 (11β-HSD1) at two- to tenfold higher levels than MIT or contractile VSMCs. The 11β-HSD1 expression was stimulated by cortisol and cortisone, especially in lipid-storing VSMCs. MR mRNA level was lower in atheroma and lipid-storing VSMCs and downregulated via MR by fludrocortisone and cortisol. Cortisol upregulated collagen1 and MCP-1 mRNAs via the glucocorticoid receptor (GRα), in both VSMC phenotypes, whereas fludrocortisone stimulated the collagen1 expression only in lipid-storing VSMCs. The GRα mRNA level in MIT was higher in patients with previous stroke and correlated positively with the collagen1 mRNA but negatively with diastolic blood pressure. Local cortisol production by 11β-HSD1, and its action via high parietal GRα could be relevant from the first step of atherosclerotic remodeling and auto-amplify with transdifferentiation of VSMCs during atheroma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanène Ayari
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie EA 4173, INSERM ERI22, Lyon, France; Université de Tunis, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Tunis, Tunisia
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14
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Heffernan KS. How healthy were the arteries of Phidippides? Clin Cardiol 2011; 35:65-8. [PMID: 22125198 DOI: 10.1002/clc.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute and chronic cardiac adaptations to marathon running may increase risk for sudden death. Herein, it is proposed that cardiac arrhythmogenic remodeling resulting from prolonged strenuous exertion may also have a systemic vascular component. Marathon running reduces coronary perfusion pressure and causes acute endothelial damage, possibly via altering concentrations of circulating angiogenic growth factors with novel vasoregulatory properties. Marathon runners have increased arterial stiffness and augmented pressure from wave reflections contributing to a widening of pulse pressure. Pulsatile hemodynamics may contribute to target organ damage. Moreover, each of these vascular maladaptations (increased arterial stiffness, augmented pressure from wave reflections, and widened pulse pressure) has been associated with atrial fibrillation and may provide a substrate for lethal arrhythmogenesis in the marathon runner.
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15
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Resch M, Schmid P, Amann K, Fredersdorf S, Weil J, Schach C, Birner C, Griese DP, Kreuzer P, Brunner S, Luchner A, Riegger GAJ, Endemann DH. Eplerenone prevents salt-induced vascular stiffness in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: a preliminary report. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011; 10:94. [PMID: 22008236 PMCID: PMC3217853 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aldosterone levels are elevated in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the Zucker Diabetic fatty rat (ZDF). Moreover blood pressure in ZDF rats is salt-sensitive. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the aldosterone antagonist eplerenone on structural and mechanical properties of resistance arteries of ZDF-rats on normal and high-salt diet. Methods After the development of diabetes, ZDF animals were fed either a normal salt diet (0.28%) or a high-salt diet (5.5%) starting at an age of 15 weeks. ZDF rats on high-salt diet were randomly assigned to eplerenone (100 mg/kg per day, in food) (ZDF+S+E), hydralazine (25 mg/kg per day) (ZDF+S+H), or no treatment (ZDF+S). Rats on normal salt-diet were assigned to eplerenone (ZDF+E) or no treatment (ZDF). Normoglycemic Zucker lean rats were also divided into two groups receiving normal (ZL) or high-salt diet (ZL+S) serving as controls. Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail cuff method. The experiment was terminated at an age of 25 weeks. Mesenteric resistance arteries were studied on a pressurized myograph. Specifically, vascular hypertrophy (media-to-lumen ratio) and vascular stiffness (strain and stress) were analyzed. After pressurized fixation histological analysis of collagen and elastin content was performed. Results Blood pressure was significantly higher in salt-loaded ZDF compared to ZDF. Eplerenone and hydralazine prevented this rise similarily, however, significance niveau was missed. Media-to-lumen ratio of mesenteric resistance arteries was significantly increased in ZDF+S when compared to ZDF and ZL. Both, eplerenone and hydralazine prevented salt-induced vascular hypertrophy. The strain curve of arteries of salt-loaded ZDF rats was significantly lower when compared to ZL and when compared to ZDF+S+E, but was not different compared to ZDF+S+H. Eplerenone, but not hydralazine shifted the strain-stress curve to the right indicating a vascular wall composition with less resistant components. This indicates increased vascular stiffness in salt-loaded ZDF rats, which could be prevented by eplerenone but not by hydralazine. Collagen content was increased in ZL and ZDF rats on high-salt diet. Eplerenone and hydralazine prevented the increase of collagen content. There was no difference in elastin content. Conclusion Eplerenone and hydralazine prevented increased media-to-lumen ratio in salt-loaded ZDF-rats, indicating a regression of vascular hypertrophy, which is likely mediated by the blood pressure lowering-effect. Eplerenone has additionally the potential to prevent increased vascular stiffness in salt-loaded ZDF-rats. This suggests an effect of the specific aldosterone antagonist on adverse vascular wall remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Resch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Regensburg University Medical Center, Germany.
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16
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López-Andrés N, Martin-Fernandez B, Rossignol P, Zannad F, Lahera V, Fortuno MA, Cachofeiro V, Díez J. A role for cardiotrophin-1 in myocardial remodeling induced by aldosterone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H2372-82. [PMID: 21926338 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00283.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaldosteronim is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) and fibrosis. Cardiotrophin (CT)-1 is a cytokine that induces myocardial remodeling. We investigated whether CT-1 mediates aldosterone (Aldo)-induced myocardial remodeling in two experimental models. Wistar rats were treated with Aldo-salt (1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) with or without spironolactone (200 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 3 wk. Wild-type (WT) and CT-1-null mice were infused with Aldo (1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 3 wk. Hemodynamic parameters were analyzed. LVH, fibrosis, inflammation, and CT-1 expression were evaluated in both experimental models by histopathological analysis, RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA. Hypertensive Aldo-treated rats exhibited increased LV end-diastolic pressure and -dP/dt compared with controls. The cardiac index, LV cross-sectional area and wall thickness, cardiomyocyte size, collagen deposition, and inflammation were increased in Aldo-salt-treated rats. Myocardial expression of molecular markers assessing LVH and fibrosis as well as CT-l levels were also augmented by Aldo-salt. Spironolactone treatment reversed all the above effects. CT-1 correlated positively with hemodynamic, histological, and molecular parameters showing myocardial remodeling. In WT and CT-1-null mice, Aldo infusion did not modify blood pressure. Whereas Aldo treatment induced LVH, fibrosis, and inflammation in WT mice, the mineralocorticoid did not provoke cardiac remodeling in CT-1-null mice. In conclusion, in experimental hyperaldosteronism, the increase in CT-1 expression was associated with parameters showing LVH and fibrosis. CT-1-null mice were resistant to Aldo-induced LVH and fibrosis. These data suggest a key role for CT-1 in cardiac remodeling induced by Aldo independent of changes in blood pressure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia López-Andrés
- U, Faculty of Medicine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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18
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Panvascular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Hypertens 2011; 24:735-6. [PMID: 21681183 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Griol-Charhbili V, Fassot C, Messaoudi S, Perret C, Agrapart V, Jaisser F. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mediates the Vascular Dysfunction But Not the Remodeling Induced by Aldosterone/Salt. Hypertension 2011; 57:238-44. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.153619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathophysiological aldosterone (aldo)/mineralocorticoid receptor signaling has a major impact on the cardiovascular system, resulting in hypertension and vascular remodeling. Mineralocorticoids induce endothelial dysfunction, decreasing vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine and increasing the response to vasoconstrictors. Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is thought to mediate the vascular effects of aldo, but this has yet to be demonstrated in vivo. In this study, we analyzed the molecular and functional vascular consequences of aldo-salt challenge in the waved 2 mouse, a genetic model with a partial loss of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity. Deficient EGFR activity is associated with global oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. A decrease in EGFR activity did not affect the arterial wall remodeling process induced by aldo-salt. By contrast, normal EGFR activity was required for the aldo-induced enhancement of phenylephrine- and angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction. In conclusion, this in vivo study demonstrates that EGFR plays a key role in aldosterone-mediated vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Griol-Charhbili
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Céline Fassot
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Smail Messaoudi
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Perret
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Agrapart
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
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Susic D, Varagic J, Frohlich ED. Cardiovascular effects of inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system components in hypertensive rats given salt excess. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1177-81. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00866.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in mediating cardiovascular and renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) given salt excess. Since the circulating RAAS is inhibited in this model, it permits examination of the role of local tissue RAASs in mediating this injury. To this end, male 8-wk SHR were divided into 7 groups. The control group (C) received normal NaCl (0.6%) diet. All other groups were given 8% NaCl chow. In addition, group 2 was given placebo, group 3 the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker eplerenone (100 mg·kg−1·day−1), group 4 the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril (3 mg·kg−1·day−1), group 5 the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan (10 mg·kg−1·day−1), and groups 6 and 7 eplerenone and either quinapril or candesartan. The treatments lasted 8 wk. Compared with controls, mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow, coronary flow reserve, minimal coronary vascular resistance, diastolic time constant, and maximal rate of ventricular pressure fall were all adversely affected by salt loading. Left ventricular mass and fibrosis as well as proteinuria were also markedly increased by salt overload. Eplerenone induced only slight changes, whereas quinapril and candesartan normalized all indexes except MAP. Combination therapy also normalized all indexes, including MAP. These data suggest that 1) cardiovascular and renal damage induced by salt excess in the SHR were not pressure dependent; 2) mineralocorticoids were only marginally involved in this model; and 3) local tissue generation of angiotensin II may be, at least in part, responsible for the other adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Susic
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, Division of Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jasmina Varagic
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, Division of Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Edward D. Frohlich
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, Division of Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Cachofeiro V, López-Andrés N, Miana M, Martín-Fernández B, de las Heras N, Martínez E, Lahera V, Fortuño MA. Aldosterone and the cardiovascular system: a dangerous association. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2010; 4:539-48. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInitial studies have focussed on the actions of aldosterone in renal electrolyte handling and, as a consequence, blood pressure control. More recently, attention has primarily been focussed on its actions on the heart and vascular system, where it is locally produced. Aldosterone by binding mineralocorticoid receptors causes oxidative stress, fibrosis and triggers an inflammatory response in the cardiovascular system. All these effects could be underlying the role of aldo-sterone on cardiac and vascular remodelling associated with different pathological situations. At the vascular level, aldo-sterone affects endothelial function because administration of aldosterone to rats impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations. In addition, the administration of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists ameliorates endothelium-dependent relaxation in models of both hypertension and atherosclerosis, and in patients with heart failure. Several mechanisms can participate in this effect, including production of vasoconstrictor factors and a reduction in nitric oxide levels. This reduction can involve both a decrease in its production as well as an increase in its degradation by reactive oxygen species. Aldosterone can produce oxidative stress by the activation of transcription factors such as the NF-κB system, which can also trigger an inflammatory process through the production of different cytokines. At cardiac level, high levels of aldosterone can also adversely impact heart function by producing cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and electrical remodelling through changes in ionic channels. All these effects can explain the beneficial effect of mineralocorticoid blockade in the cardiovascular system.
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Abstract
The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in hypertension has since long been recognized and aldosterone has been acknowledged as one of the key hormones in the pathophysiology, not only in primary aldosteronism but also in essential hypertension and drug-resistant hypertension. Aldosterone-receptor antagonists (ARAs) are increasingly used in patients with resistant hypertension, often with impressive results. However, definitive evidence for the benefit of ARAs in these patients from randomized, controlled trials is lacking. This review gives an overview of the current data on this topic. Future studies should focus on the identification of factors that are able to predict the response to treatment, as to select patients who will benefit most from treatment with ARAs. On the basis of the current knowledge, we recommend prescription of ARAs to patients with primary aldosteronism, resistant hypertension and patients with hypertension and hypokalemia.
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Strauch B, Petrak O, Zelinka T, Wichterle D, Holaj R, Kasalicky M, Safarik L, Rosa J, Widimsky J. Adrenalectomy improves arterial stiffness in primary aldosteronism. Am J Hypertens 2008; 21:1086-92. [PMID: 18654122 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2008.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAldosterone has been shown to substantially contribute to the accumulation of different types of collagen fibers and growth factors in the arterial wall, which increase wall stiffness. We previously showed that arterial wall stiffness is increased in primary aldosteronism (PA) independently of concomitant hypertension. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of specific treatment of PA on the arterial stiffness.MethodsTwenty-nine patients with confirmed PA (15 with aldosterone-producing adenoma treated by unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy, 14 treated with spironolactone (mainly idiopathic aldosteronism) were investigated by Sphygmocor applanation tonometer (using measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI)) at the time of the diagnosis and then approximately 1 year after the specific treatment.ResultsThe office blood pressure (BP) decreased from 167 +/- 18/96 +/- 9 to 136 +/- 12/80 +/- 7 mm Hg after adrenalectomy (P = 0.001), and from 165 +/- 21/91 +/- 13 to 151 +/- 22/88 +/- 8 mm Hg (not significant (n.s.)) on spironolactone. The mean 24-h BP decreased from 150 +/- 18/93 +/- 11 mm Hg to 126 +/- 17/80 +/- 10 mm Hg after adrenalectomy (P < 0.01), and from 155 +/- 16/94 +/- 12 to 139 +/- 18/88 +/- 8 mm Hg (n.s.) on spironolactone. The PWV significantly decreased after surgery from 9.5 +/- 2.7 m/s to 7.6 +/- 2 m/s (P = 0.001), and the AI (recalculated for heart rate 75/min) decreased significantly from 27 +/- 10 to 19 +/- 9% (P < 0.01). On the other hand, we did not find significant change of arterial stiffness indices in patients treated with spironolactone (PWV: 9.3 +/- 1.6 m/s vs. 8.8 +/- 1.3 m/s (n.s.); AI: 25 +/- 9% vs. 25 +/- 8% (n.s.)).ConclusionsSurgical but not conservative treatment of PA led to a significant decrease of BP and arterial stiffness parameters.American Journal of Hypertension (2008). doi:10.1038/ajh.2008.243American Journal of Hypertension (2008); 21, 10, 1086-1092. doi 10.1038/ajh.2008.243.
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Abstract
In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that the extra-renal effects of aldosterone play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world, and MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) antagonism is a potential preventative therapy for patients at risk of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes. This protective effect of MR antagonism appears to occur at the level of the cerebral vasculature and may be related to the expression and activation of the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and the degree of vessel wall collagen deposition.
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Grossmann C, Krug AW, Freudinger R, Mildenberger S, Voelker K, Gekle M. Aldosterone-induced EGFR expression: interaction between the human mineralocorticoid receptor and the human EGFR promoter. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E1790-800. [PMID: 17311890 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00708.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone plays a key role in cardiovascular and renal injury. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Because the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in the development of fibrosis and vascular dysfunction, upregulation of EGFR expression by aldosterone-bound mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is an attractive hypothesis. We investigated the effect of aldosterone on EGFR expression in the aorta of adrenalectomized rats and in human aorta smooth muscle cells (HAoSMC) in primary culture. Aldosterone, but not dexamethasone, stimulated EGFR expression in vivo in the aorta as well as in HAoSMC. EGFR degradation was not affected. Aldosterone-induced EGFR expression in HAoSMC was dose dependent and prevented by spironolactone. Furthermore, incubation of HAoSMC with aldosterone led to enhanced EGF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and an EGFR-dependent increase in media fibronectin. EGFR promoter reporter gene assay as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation data indicate that MR interacts with the EGFR promoter. With deletion constructs we gained evidence that this interaction takes place between the hMR and the EGFR promoter regions 316-163 (stronger activation site, EC50 approximately 1.0 nM) and 163-1 (weaker activation site, EC50 approximately 0.7 nM), which do not comprise canonical glucocorticoid response elements and are not activated by the human glucocorticoid receptor. The interactions require in part the NH2-terminal domains of MR. ELISA-based transcription factor DNA binding assay with in vitro synthesized hMR suggest direct binding to region 163-1. Our results indicate that aldosterone leads to enhanced EGFR expression via an interaction with the EGFR promoter, which is MR specific and could contribute to the aldosterone-induced increase in fibronectin abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grossmann
- Physiologisches Institut, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 9, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
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