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Schaier M, Falcone E, Prstek T, Vileno B, Hager S, Keppler BK, Heffeter P, Koellensperger G, Faller P, Kowol CR. Human serum albumin as a copper source for anticancer thiosemicarbazones. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad046. [PMID: 37505477 PMCID: PMC10405564 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) are a class of biologically active compounds with promising anticancer activity. Their typical mechanism, especially of the clinically far developed representative Triapine, is chelation of iron (Fe), with the Fe-containing enzyme ribonucleotide reductase as primary intracellular target. However, for the subclass of terminally disubstituted, nanomolar-active derivatives like Dp44mT and Me2NNMe2, recent findings suggest that the chelation, stability, and reduction properties of the copper(II) (Cu) complexes are essential for their modes of action. Consequently, it is important to elucidate whether blood serum Cu(II) is a potential metal source for these TSCs. To gain more insights, the interaction of Triapine, Dp44mT or Me2NNMe2 with purified human serum albumin (HSA) as the main pool of labile Cu(II) was investigated by UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Subsequently, a size-exclusion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for the differentiation of Cu species in serum was developed, especially separating the non-labile Cu enzyme ceruloplasmin from HSA. The results indicate that the TSCs specifically chelate copper from the N-terminal Cu-binding site of HSA. Furthermore, the Cu(II)-TSC complexes were shown to form ternary HSA conjugates, most likely via histidine. Noteworthy, Fe-chelation from transferrin was not overserved, even not for Triapine. In summary, the labile Cu pool of HSA is a potential source for Cu-TSC complex formation and, consequently, distinctly influences the anticancer activity and pharmacological behavior of TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schaier
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrico Falcone
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tomas Prstek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bertrand Vileno
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sonja Hager
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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New Iron Metabolic Pathways and Chelation Targeting Strategies Affecting the Treatment of All Types and Stages of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213990. [PMID: 36430469 PMCID: PMC9696688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is new and increasing evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies implicating the pivotal role of iron and associated metabolic pathways in the initiation, progression and development of cancer and in cancer metastasis. New metabolic and toxicity mechanisms and pathways, as well as genomic, transcription and other factors, have been linked to cancer and many are related to iron. Accordingly, a number of new targets for iron chelators have been identified and characterized in new anticancer strategies, in addition to the classical restriction of/reduction in iron supply, the inhibition of transferrin iron delivery, the inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase in DNA synthesis and high antioxidant potential. The new targets include the removal of excess iron from iron-laden macrophages, which affects anticancer activity; the modulation of ferroptosis; ferritin iron removal and the control of hyperferritinemia; the inhibition of hypoxia related to the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF); modulation of the function of new molecular species such as STEAP4 metalloreductase and the metastasis suppressor N-MYC downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1); modulation of the metabolic pathways of oxidative stress damage affecting mitochondrial function, etc. Many of these new, but also previously known associated iron metabolic pathways appear to affect all stages of cancer, as well as metastasis and drug resistance. Iron-chelating drugs and especially deferiprone (L1), has been shown in many recent studies to fulfill the role of multi-target anticancer drug linked to the above and also other iron targets, and has been proposed for phase II trials in cancer patients. In contrast, lipophilic chelators and their iron complexes are proposed for the induction of ferroptosis in some refractory or recurring tumors in drug resistance and metastasis where effective treatments are absent. There is a need to readdress cancer therapy and include therapeutic strategies targeting multifactorial processes, including the application of multi-targeting drugs involving iron chelators and iron-chelator complexes. New therapeutic protocols including drug combinations with L1 and other chelating drugs could increase anticancer activity, decrease drug resistance and metastasis, improve treatments, reduce toxicity and increase overall survival in cancer patients.
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Aly AA, Abdallah EM, Ahmed SA, Rabee MM, Abdelhafez ESMN. Metal complexes of thiosemicarbazones derived by 2-quinolones with Cu(I), Cu(II) and Ni(II); Identification by NMR, IR, ESI mass spectra and in silico approach as potential tools against SARS-CoV-2. J Mol Struct 2022; 1265:133480. [PMID: 35698532 PMCID: PMC9179108 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Substituted thiosemicarbazones derived by 2-quinolone were synthesized to investigate their complexation capability towards Cu(I), Cu(II) and Ni(II) salts. The structure of the complexes was established by ESI, IR and NMR spectra in addition to elemental analyses. Monodetate Cu(I) quinoloyl-substituted ligands were observed, whereas Ni(II) and Cu(II) formed bidentate-thiosemicarbazone derived by 2-quinolones. Subsequently, molecular docking was used to evaluate each analog's binding affinity as well as the inhibition constant (ki) to RdRp complex of SARS-CoV-2. Docking results supported the ability of the tested complexes that potentially inhibit the RdRp of SARSCov-2 show binding energy higher than their corresponding ligands. Additionally, ADMET prediction revealed that some compounds stratify to Lipinski's rule, indicating a good oral absorption, high bioavailability good permeability, and transport via biological membranes. Therefore, these metals-based complexes are suggested to be potentially good candidates as anti-covid agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Elham M Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mai M Rabee
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
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Nunes C, Depestel L, Mus L, Keller KM, Delhaye L, Louwagie A, Rishfi M, Whale A, Kara N, Andrews SR, Dela Cruz F, You D, Siddiquee A, Cologna CT, De Craemer S, Dolman E, Bartenhagen C, De Vloed F, Sanders E, Eggermont A, Bekaert SL, Van Loocke W, Bek JW, Dewyn G, Loontiens S, Van Isterdael G, Decaesteker B, Tilleman L, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Vermeirssen V, Van Neste C, Ghesquiere B, Goossens S, Eyckerman S, De Preter K, Fischer M, Houseley J, Molenaar J, De Wilde B, Roberts SS, Durinck K, Speleman F. RRM2 enhances MYCN-driven neuroblastoma formation and acts as a synergistic target with CHK1 inhibition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1382. [PMID: 35857500 PMCID: PMC9278860 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma, a pediatric tumor originating from the sympathetic nervous system, has a low mutation load but highly recurrent somatic DNA copy number variants. Previously, segmental gains and/or amplifications allowed identification of drivers for neuroblastoma development. Using this approach, combined with gene dosage impact on expression and survival, we identified ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) as a candidate dependency factor further supported by growth inhibition upon in vitro knockdown and accelerated tumor formation in a neuroblastoma zebrafish model coexpressing human RRM2 with MYCN. Forced RRM2 induction alleviates excessive replicative stress induced by CHK1 inhibition, while high RRM2 expression in human neuroblastomas correlates with high CHK1 activity. MYCN-driven zebrafish tumors with RRM2 co-overexpression exhibit differentially expressed DNA repair genes in keeping with enhanced ATR-CHK1 signaling activity. In vitro, RRM2 inhibition enhances intrinsic replication stress checkpoint addiction. Last, combinatorial RRM2-CHK1 inhibition acts synergistic in high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models, illustrating the therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nunes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Depestel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liselot Mus
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Louis Delhaye
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amber Louwagie
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Rishfi
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alex Whale
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neesha Kara
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Filemon Dela Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daoqi You
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Armaan Siddiquee
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camila Takeno Cologna
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam De Craemer
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emmy Dolman
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christoph Bartenhagen
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fanny De Vloed
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen Sanders
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aline Eggermont
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Lee Bekaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Willem Bek
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Givani Dewyn
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siebe Loontiens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Bieke Decaesteker
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurentijn Tilleman
- NXTGNT, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Vanessa Vermeirssen
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquiere
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Eyckerman
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jon Houseley
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Bram De Wilde
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephen S. Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaat Durinck
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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O,N,S-tris-chelating ligand scaffolds flanked with cyclohexyl or adamantyl substituents anchored with diorganotin(IV) moieties: synthesis, structures and cytotoxicity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Huff SE, Winter JM, Dealwis CG. Inhibitors of the Cancer Target Ribonucleotide Reductase, Past and Present. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060815. [PMID: 35740940 PMCID: PMC9221315 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is an essential multi-subunit enzyme found in all living organisms; it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis, namely, the conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates. As expression levels of human RR (hRR) are high during cell replication, hRR has long been considered an attractive drug target for a range of proliferative diseases, including cancer. While there are many excellent reviews regarding the structure, function, and clinical importance of hRR, recent years have seen an increase in novel approaches to inhibiting hRR that merit an updated discussion of the existing inhibitors and strategies to target this enzyme. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and clinical applications of classic nucleoside analog inhibitors of hRRM1 (large catalytic subunit), including gemcitabine and clofarabine, as well as inhibitors of the hRRM2 (free radical housing small subunit), including triapine and hydroxyurea. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches to targeting RR and the discovery of new classes of hRR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Huff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Jordan M. Winter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Akron, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Chris G. Dealwis
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Mechanistic Insights of Chelator Complexes with Essential Transition Metals: Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Activity and Applications in Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031247. [PMID: 35163169 PMCID: PMC8835618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity of drugs and dietary molecules and their role in the maintenance of redox homeostasis, as well as the implications in health and different diseases, have not yet been fully evaluated. In particular, the redox activity and other interactions of drugs with essential redox metal ions, such as iron and copper, need further investigation. These metal ions are ubiquitous in human nutrition but also widely found in dietary supplements and appear to exert major effects on redox homeostasis in health, but also on many diseases of free radical pathology. In this context, the redox mechanistic insights of mainly three prototype groups of drugs, namely alpha-ketohydroxypyridines (alpha-hydroxypyridones), e.g., deferiprone, anthraquinones, e.g., doxorubicin and thiosemicarbazones, e.g., triapine and their metal complexes were examined; details of the mechanisms of their redox activity were reviewed, with emphasis on the biological implications and potential clinical applications, including anticancer activity. Furthermore, the redox properties of these three classes of chelators were compared to those of the iron chelating drugs and also to vitamin C, with an emphasis on their potential clinical interactions and future clinical application prospects in cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases.
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Guo Q, Li L, Hou S, Yuan Z, Li C, Zhang W, Zheng L, Li X. The Role of Iron in Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:778492. [PMID: 34858857 PMCID: PMC8631356 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.778492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element for the human body, and its deficiency or excess can induce a variety of biological processes. Plenty of evidences have shown that iron metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. In addition, iron plays an important role in cell death, which is very important for the development of potential strategies for tumor treatment. Here, we reviewed the latest research about iron metabolism disorders in various types of tumors, the functions and properties of iron in ferroptosis and ferritinophagy, and new opportunities for iron-based on treatment methods for tumors, providing more information regarding the prevention and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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9
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Ribeiro M, Sousa CA, Simões M. Harnessing microbial iron chelators to develop innovative therapeutic agents. J Adv Res 2021; 39:89-101. [PMID: 35777919 PMCID: PMC9263657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial iron chelators as a new route to develop inspiring antimicrobials. Siderophore-mimicking antibiotics as a pathogen-targeted strategy. Effectiveness of iron chelators on antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Iron chelators and the treatment of iron overload diseases. Iron chelators as powerful tools for cancer therapy.
Background Aim of Review Key Scientific Concepts of Review
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10
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Babak MV, Ahn D. Modulation of Intracellular Copper Levels as the Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Copper Complexes: Clinical Relevance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080852. [PMID: 34440056 PMCID: PMC8389626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital element required for cellular growth and development; however, even slight changes in its homeostasis might lead to severe toxicity and deleterious medical conditions. Cancer patients are typically associated with higher Cu content in serum and tumor tissues, indicating increased demand of cancer cells for this micronutrient. Cu is known to readily cycle between the +1 and +2 oxidation state in biological systems. The mechanism of action of Cu complexes is typically based on their redox activity and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to deadly oxidative stress. However, there are a number of other biomolecular mechanisms beyond ROS generation that contribute to the activity of anticancer Cu drug candidates. In this review, we discuss how interfering with intracellular Cu balance via either diet modification or addition of inorganic Cu supplements or Cu-modulating compounds affects tumor development, progression, and sensitivity to treatment modalities. We aim to provide the rationale for the use of Cu-depleting and Cu-overloading conditions to generate the best possible patient outcome with minimal toxicity. We also discuss the advantages of the use of pre-formed Cu complexes, such as Cu-(bis)thiosemicarbazones or Cu-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones, in comparison with the in situ formed Cu complexes with metal-binding ligands. In this review, we summarize available clinical and mechanistic data on clinically relevant anticancer drug candidates, including Cu supplements, Cu chelators, Cu ionophores, and Cu complexes.
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11
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Weber S, Parmon A, Kurrle N, Schnütgen F, Serve H. The Clinical Significance of Iron Overload and Iron Metabolism in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 11:627662. [PMID: 33679722 PMCID: PMC7933218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.627662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplasticsyndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell diseases leading to an insufficient formation of functional blood cells. Disease-immanent factors as insufficient erythropoiesis and treatment-related factors as recurrent treatment with red blood cell transfusions frequently lead to systemic iron overload in MDS and AML patients. In addition, alterations of function and expression of proteins associated with iron metabolism are increasingly recognized to be pathogenetic factors and potential vulnerabilities of these diseases. Iron is known to be involved in multiple intracellular and extracellular processes. It is essential for cell metabolism as well as for cell proliferation and closely linked to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, iron can influence the course of clonal myeloid disorders, the leukemic environment and the occurrence as well as the defense of infections. Imbalances of iron homeostasis may induce cell death of normal but also of malignant cells. New potential treatment strategies utilizing the importance of the iron homeostasis include iron chelation, modulation of proteins involved in iron metabolism, induction of leukemic cell death via ferroptosis and exploitation of iron proteins for the delivery of antileukemic drugs. Here, we provide an overview of some of the latest findings about the function, the prognostic impact and potential treatment strategies of iron in patients with MDS and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weber
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Parmon
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Cancer cells accumulate iron to supplement their aberrant growth and metabolism. Depleting cells of iron by iron chelators has been shown to be selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Iron chelators are effective at combating a range of cancers including those which are difficult to treat such as androgen insensitive prostate cancer and cancer stem cells. This review will evaluate the impact of iron chelation on cancer cell survival and the underlying mechanisms of action. A plethora of studies have shown iron chelators can reverse some of the major hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer. Iron chelators inhibit signalling pathways that drive proliferation, migration and metastasis as well as return tumour suppressive signalling. In addition to this, iron chelators stimulate apoptotic and ER stress signalling pathways inducing cell death even in cells lacking a functional p53 gene. Iron chelators can sensitise cancer cells to PARP inhibitors through mimicking BRCAness; a feature of cancers trademark genomic instability. Iron chelators target cancer cell metabolism, attenuating oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Moreover, iron chelators may reverse the major characteristics of oncogenic transformation. Iron chelation therefore represent a promising selective mode of cancer therapy.
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13
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In vitro evaluation of the metabolic enzymes and drug interaction potential of triapine. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:633-640. [PMID: 32989483 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the metabolic pathways of triapine in primary cultures of human hepatocytes and human hepatic subcellular fractions; to investigate interactions of triapine with tenofovir and emtricitabine; and to evaluate triapine as a perpetrator of drug interactions. The results will better inform future clinical studies of triapine, a radiation sensitizer currently being studied in a phase III study. METHODS Triapine was incubated with human hepatocytes and subcellular fractions in the presence of a number of inhibitors of drug metabolizing enzymes. Triapine depletion was monitored by LC-MS/MS. Tenofovir and emtricitabine were co-incubated with triapine in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Triapine was incubated with a CYP probe cocktail and human liver microsomes, followed by LC-MS/MS monitoring of CYP specific metabolite formation. RESULTS Triapine was not metabolized by FMO, AO/XO, MAO-A/B, or NAT-1/2, but was metabolized by CYP450s. CYP1A2 accounted for most of the depletion of triapine. Tenofovir and emtricitabine did not alter triapine depletion. Triapine reduced CYP1A2 activity and increased CYP2C19 activity. CONCLUSION CYP1A2 metabolism is the major metabolic pathway for triapine. Triapine may be evaluated in cancer patients in the setting of HIV with emtricitabine or tenofovir treatment. Confirmatory clinical trials may further define the in vivo triapine metabolic fate and quantify any drug-drug interactions.
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14
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Hager S, Pape VFS, Pósa V, Montsch B, Uhlik L, Szakács G, Tóth S, Jabronka N, Keppler BK, Kowol CR, Enyedy ÉA, Heffeter P. High Copper Complex Stability and Slow Reduction Kinetics as Key Parameters for Improved Activity, Paraptosis Induction, and Impact on Drug-Resistant Cells of Anticancer Thiosemicarbazones. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:395-414. [PMID: 32336116 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Due to their significant biological activity, thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) are promising candidates for anticancer therapy. In part, the efficacy of TSCs is linked to their ability to chelate essential metal ions such as copper and iron. Triapine, the best-studied anticancer TSC, has been tested clinically with promising results in hematological diseases. During the past few years, a novel subclass of TSCs with improved anticancer activity was found to induce paraptosis, a recently characterized form of cell death. The aim of this study was to identify structural and chemical properties associated with anticancer activity and paraptosis induction of TSCs. Results: When testing a panel of structurally related TSCs, compounds with nanomolar anticancer activity and paraptosis-inducing properties showed higher copper(II) complex solution stability and a slower reduction rate, which resulted in reduced redox activity. In contrast, TSCs with lower anticancer activity induced higher levels of superoxide that rapidly stimulated superoxide dismutase expression in treated cells, effectively protecting the cells from drug-induced redox stress. Innovation: Consequently, we hypothesize that in the case of close Triapine derivatives, intracellular reduction leads to rapid dissociation of intracellularly formed copper complexes. In contrast, TSCs characterized by highly stable, slowly reducible copper(II) complexes are able to reach new intracellular targets such as the endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein disulfide isomerase. Conclusion: The additional modes of actions observed with highly active TSC derivatives are based on intracellular formation of stable copper complexes, offering a new approach to combat (drug-resistant) cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hager
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika F S Pape
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Pósa
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bianca Montsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Uhlik
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Jabronka
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research,' Vienna, Austria
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15
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Abstract
Iron chelators have long been a target of interest as anticancer agents. Iron is an important cellular resource involved in cell replication, metabolism and growth. Iron metabolism is modulated in cancer cells reflecting their increased replicative demands. Originally, iron chelators were first developed for use in iron overload disorders, however, their potential as anticancer agents has been gaining increasing interest. This is due, in part, to the downstream effects of iron depletion such as the inhibition of proliferation through ribonucleotide reductase activity. Additionally, some chelators form redox active metal complexes with iron resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Newer synthetic iron chelators such as Deferasirox, Triapine and di-2-pyridylketone-4,4,-dimethyl-3-thiosemicrbazone (Dp44mt) have improved pharmacokinetic properties over the older chelator Deferoxamine. This review examines and discusses the various iron chelators that have been trialled for cancer therapy including both preclinical and clinical studies. The successes and shortcomings of each of the chelators and their use in combination therapies are highlighted and future potential in the cancer therapy world is considered.
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16
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Shakya B, Yadav PN. Thiosemicarbazones as Potent Anticancer Agents and their Modes of Action. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:638-661. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191029130310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) are a class of Schiff bases usually obtained by the condensation of thiosemicarbazide with a suitable aldehyde or ketone. TSCs have been the focus of chemists and biologists due to their wide range of pharmacological effects. One of the promising areas in which these excellent metal chelators are being developed is their use against cancer. TSCs have a wide clinical antitumor spectrum with efficacy in various tumor types such as leukemia, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer and bladder cancer. To obtain better activity, different series of TSCs have been developed by modifying the heteroaromatic system in their molecules. These compounds possessed significant antineoplastic activity when the carbonyl attachment of the side chain was located at a position α to the ring nitrogen atom, whereas attachment of the side chain β or γ to the heterocyclic N atom resulted in inactive antitumor agents. In addition, replacement of the heterocyclic ring N with C also resulted in a biologically inactive compound suggesting that a conjugated N,N,S-tridentate donor set is essential for the biological activities of thiosemicarbazones. Several possible mechanisms have been implemented for the anticancer activity of thiosemicarbazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Shakya
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Paras Nath Yadav
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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17
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Brown RAM, Richardson KL, Kabir TD, Trinder D, Ganss R, Leedman PJ. Altered Iron Metabolism and Impact in Cancer Biology, Metastasis, and Immunology. Front Oncol 2020; 10:476. [PMID: 32328462 PMCID: PMC7160331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient that plays a complex role in cancer biology. Iron metabolism must be tightly controlled within cells. Whilst fundamental to many cellular processes and required for cell survival, excess labile iron is toxic to cells. Increased iron metabolism is associated with malignant transformation, cancer progression, drug resistance and immune evasion. Depleting intracellular iron stores, either with the use of iron chelating agents or mimicking endogenous regulation mechanisms, such as microRNAs, present attractive therapeutic opportunities, some of which are currently under clinical investigation. Alternatively, iron overload can result in a form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis, which can be activated in cancer cells presenting an alternative anti-cancer strategy. This review focuses on alterations in iron metabolism that enable cancer cells to meet metabolic demands required during different stages of tumorigenesis in relation to metastasis and immune response. The strength of current evidence is considered, gaps in knowledge are highlighted and controversies relating to the role of iron and therapeutic targeting potential are discussed. The key question we address within this review is whether iron modulation represents a useful approach for treating metastatic disease and whether it could be employed in combination with existing targeted drugs and immune-based therapies to enhance their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki A. M. Brown
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kirsty L. Richardson
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tasnuva D. Kabir
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter J. Leedman
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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18
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Carcelli M, Tegoni M, Bartoli J, Marzano C, Pelosi G, Salvalaio M, Rogolino D, Gandin V. In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of tridentate thiosemicarbazone copper complexes: Unravelling an unexplored pharmacological target. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 194:112266. [PMID: 32248006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Certain metal complexes can have a great antitumor activity, as the use of cisplatin in therapy has been demonstrating for the past fifty years. Copper complexes, in particular, have attracted much attention as an example of anticancer compounds based on an endogenous metal. In this paper we present the synthesis and the activity of a series of copper(II) complexes with variously substituted salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone ligands. The in vitro activity of both ligands and copper complexes was assessed on a panel of cell lines (HCT-15, LoVo and LoVo oxaliplatin resistant colon carcinoma, A375 melanoma, BxPC3 and PSN1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma, BCPAP thyroid carcinoma, 2008 ovarian carcinoma, HEK293 non-transformed embryonic kidney), highlighting remarkable activity of the metal complexes, in some cases in the low nanomolar range. The copper(II) complexes were also screened, with good results, against 3D spheroids of colon (HCT-15) and pancreatic (PSN1) cancer cells. Detailed investigations on the mechanism of action of the copper(II) complexes are also reported: they are able to potently inhibit Protein Disulfide Isomerase, a copper-binding protein, that is recently emerging as a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Good preliminary results obtained in C57BL mice indicate that this series of metal-based compounds could be a very promising weapon in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Carcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Università di Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Università di Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Jennifer Bartoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Università di Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Università di Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Marika Salvalaio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Dominga Rogolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Università di Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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19
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Wang J, Wang YT, Fang Y, Lu YL, Li MX. Tin thiocarbonohydrazone complexes: synthesis, crystal structures and biological evaluation. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:862-867. [PMID: 32206301 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00109c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, three organotin complexes formulated as [(Me)2Sn(H2L1)] (1), [(Ph)2Sn(H2L1)]·MeOH (2) and [(Me)2Sn(HL2)(OAc)]4(Me)2O (3) (H4L1 = bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) thiocarbohydrazone and H2L2 = bis(2-acetylpyrazine) thiocarbonohydrazone) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Growth inhibition assays indicated that both the proligands and the three complexes are capable of showing anticancer activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with H2L2 and complex 3 showing much higher cytotoxic potential. Subsequent toxicity studies on normal QSG7701cells showed that complex 3 has the highest tumor cell selectivity, and its IC50 value on QSG7701 cells is 8.48 fold higher than that in HepG2 cells. In acute toxicity experiments, complex 3 produces a dose-dependent effect in NIH mice with a LD50 value of 17.2 mg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy , Zhoukou Normal University , Zhoukou 466000 , Henan , P.R. China .
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment , Henan Institute of Finance and Banking , Zhengzhou , 450046 , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalates , Institute of Molecular and Crystal Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , Henan , P.R. China .
| | - Yan-Li Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalates , Institute of Molecular and Crystal Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , Henan , P.R. China .
| | - Ming-Xue Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalates , Institute of Molecular and Crystal Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , Henan , P.R. China .
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20
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Polynuclear zinc(II) complexes of thiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, X-ray structure and biological evaluation. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110908. [PMID: 31683125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Two new dimeric Zn(II) ([{ZnL1(DMSO2)}2]·DMSO (1), [{ZnL2Cl}2] (2)) and a novel tetrameric Zn(II) complex ([(Zn2L3)2(μ-OAc)2(μ3-O)2] (3)), where H2L1 = 4-(p-methoxyphenyl) thiosemicarbazone of o-hydroxynapthaldehyde, HL2 = 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)thiosemicarbazone of benzoyl pyridine and H2L3 = 4-(p-chlorophenyl)thiosemicarbazone of o-vanillin are reported. Ligands and their complexes were characterized by spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. In addition, the complexes exhibited good binding affinity towards HSA (1012 M-1), which is supported by their ability to quench the tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra of HSA. The complexes were also screened for their DNA binding propensity through UV-vis absorption titration, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectral studies. Results show that they effectively interact with CT-DNA through an intercalative mode of binding, with binding constants ranging from 103 to 104 M-1. Among the three complexes 1 has the highest binding affinity towards CT-DNA. Further, the phosphatase activity was evaluated using bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate (BDNPP) as substrate, however, the complexes did not yield any measurable catalytic activity. Nevertheless the complexes showed significant cytotoxic potential against HeLa and HT-29 cancer cell lines that was assessed through MTT assay and DAPI staining. Remarkably, complex 1 showed better activity than cisplatin against HT-29 cell line.
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21
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Wang F, Lv H, Zhao B, Zhou L, Wang S, Luo J, Liu J, Shang P. Iron and leukemia: new insights for future treatments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:406. [PMID: 31519186 PMCID: PMC6743129 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron, an indispensable element for life, is involved in all kinds of important physiological activities. Iron promotes cell growth and proliferation, but it also causes oxidative stress damage. The body has a strict regulation mechanism of iron metabolism due to its potential toxicity. As a cancer of the bone marrow and blood cells, leukemia threatens human health seriously. Current studies suggest that dysregulation of iron metabolism and subsequent accumulation of excess iron are closely associated with the occurrence and progress of leukemia. Specifically, excess iron promotes the development of leukemia due to the pro-oxidative nature of iron and its damaging effects on DNA. On the other hand, leukemia cells acquire large amounts of iron to maintain rapid growth and proliferation. Therefore, targeting iron metabolism may provide new insights for approaches to the treatment of leukemia. This review summarizes physiologic iron metabolism, alternations of iron metabolism in leukemia and therapeutic opportunities of targeting the altered iron metabolism in leukemia, with a focus on acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.,Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China. .,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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22
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Nickel Complexes Bearing SNN and SS Donor Atom Ligands: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Biological activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Abstract
This review explores the multifaceted role that iron has in cancer biology. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between excess iron and increased cancer incidence and risk, while experimental studies have implicated iron in cancer initiation, tumor growth, and metastasis. The roles of iron in proliferation, metabolism, and metastasis underpin the association of iron with tumor growth and progression. Cancer cells exhibit an iron-seeking phenotype achieved through dysregulation of iron metabolic proteins. These changes are mediated, at least in part, by oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The dependence of cancer cells on iron has implications in a number of cell death pathways, including ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death. Uniquely, both iron excess and iron depletion can be utilized in anticancer therapies. Investigating the efficacy of these therapeutic approaches is an area of active research that promises substantial clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA;
| | - David H Manz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA; .,School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Bibbin T Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA;
| | - Nicole Blanchette-Farra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA;
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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24
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Abstract
Many ferrocene complexes have been prepared for their oncological potential. Some derive from molecules with known biological effects (taxanes, podophyllotoxine, artemisine, SAHA, etc.) while others are synthetic molecules selected for their cytotoxic effects (N-alkylaminoferrocenes and ferrocenyl alkylpyridinium). Although these complexes have received a great deal of attention, the field of iron metallodrugs is not limited to them. A number of inorganic complexes of iron(ii) and iron(iii) with possible anticancer effects have also been published, although research into their biological effects is often only at an early stage. This chapter also includes iron chelators, molecules that are administered in non-metallic form but whose cytotoxic species are their coordination complexes of iron generated in vivo. The most emblematic molecule of this family is bleomycin, used as an anticancer agent in many chemotherapies. To these can be added the iron chelates originally synthesized to treat iron overload, some of which have been shown to possess interesting anticancer properties. They have been, and continue to be, the subject of many clinical trials, whether alone or in combination. Thus, the area of iron metallodrugs includes molecules with very different structures and reactivity, studied from a number of different perspectives, but focused on increasing the number of molecules at our disposal for combatting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vessieres
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232 4, Place Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
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25
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Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Glioblastoma through Bioinformatic Analysis and Evaluating Their Prognostic Value. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6581576. [PMID: 31119182 PMCID: PMC6500689 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6581576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a common malignant tumor in the central nervous system with an extremely poor outcome; understanding the mechanisms of glioblastoma at the molecular level is essential for clinical treatment. In the present study, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers associated with prognosis in glioblastoma and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The result revealed that 552 common genes were differentially expressed between glioblastoma and normal tissues based on TCGA, GSE4290, and GSE 50161 datasets. Gene Oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were carried out to gain insight into the actions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). As a result, 20 genes (CALB1, CDC20, CDCA8, CDK1, CEP55, DLGAP5, KIF20A, KIF4A, NDC80, PBK, RRM2, SYN1, SYP, SYT1, TPX2, TTK, VEGFA, BDNF, GNG3, and TOP2A) were found as hub genes via CytoHubba in Cytoscape and functioned mainly by participating in cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway; among them, RRM2 and CEP55 were considered to have relationship with the prognosis of glioblastoma, especially RRM2. High expression of RRM2 was consistent with shorter overall survival time. In conclusion, our study displayed the bioinformatic analysis methods in screening potential oncogenes in glioblastoma and underlying mechanisms. What is more is that we successfully identified RRM2 as a novel biomarker linked with prognosis, which might be expected to be a promising target for the therapy of glioblastoma.
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26
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Chen G, Niu C, Yi J, Sun L, Cao H, Fang Y, Jin T, Li Y, Lou C, Kang J, Wei W, Zhu J. Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3107-3121. [PMID: 30835473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Triapine, an iron chelator that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, has been evaluated in clinical trials for cancer treatment. Triapine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents shows promising efficacy in certain hematologic malignancies; however, it is less effective against many advanced solid tumors, probably due to the unsatisfactory potency and pharmacokinetic properties. In this report, we developed a triapine derivative IC25 (10) with potent antitumor activity. 10 Preferentially inhibited the proliferation of hematopoietic cancers by inducing mitochondria reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Unlike triapine, 10 executed cytotoxic action in a copper-dependent manner. 10-Induced up-expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein resulted in decreased thioredoxin activity to permit c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 activation and ultimately led to the execution of the cell death program. Remarkedly, 10 showed good bioavailability and inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Taken together, our study identifies compound 10 as a copper-dependent antitumor agent, which may be applied to the treatment of hematopoietic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science , Shanghai Institutes of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | | | | | | | - Hengyi Cao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | | | - Taijie Jin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | | | | | | | - Wanguo Wei
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201210 , China
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27
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Palamarciuc O, Milunović MNM, Sîrbu A, Stratulat E, Pui A, Gligorijevic N, Radulovic S, Kožíšek J, Darvasiová D, Rapta P, Enyedy EA, Novitchi G, Shova S, Arion VB. Investigation of the cytotoxic potential of methyl imidazole-derived thiosemicarbazones and their copper(ii) complexes with dichloroacetate as a co-ligand. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the cytotoxic potential of imidazole-derived thiosemicarbazones and their copper(ii) complexes with CHCl2CO2− as a co-ligand.
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28
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Hager S, Korbula K, Bielec B, Grusch M, Pirker C, Schosserer M, Liendl L, Lang M, Grillari J, Nowikovsky K, Pape VFS, Mohr T, Szakács G, Keppler BK, Berger W, Kowol CR, Heffeter P. The thiosemicarbazone Me 2NNMe 2 induces paraptosis by disrupting the ER thiol redox homeostasis based on protein disulfide isomerase inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1052. [PMID: 30323190 PMCID: PMC6189190 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their high biological activity, thiosemicarbazones have been developed for treatment of diverse diseases, including cancer, resulting in multiple clinical trials especially of the lead compound Triapine. During the last years, a novel subclass of anticancer thiosemicarbazones has attracted substantial interest based on their enhanced cytotoxic activity. Increasing evidence suggests that the double-dimethylated Triapine derivative Me2NNMe2 differs from Triapine not only in its efficacy but also in its mode of action. Here we show that Me2NNMe2- (but not Triapine)-treated cancer cells exhibit all hallmarks of paraptotic cell death including, besides the appearance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vesicles, also mitochondrial swelling and caspase-independent cell death via the MAPK signaling pathway. Subsequently, we uncover that the copper complex of Me2NNMe2 (a supposed intracellular metabolite) inhibits the ER-resident protein disulfide isomerase, resulting in a specific form of ER stress based on disruption of the Ca2+ and ER thiol redox homeostasis. Our findings indicate that compounds like Me2NNMe2 are of interest especially for the treatment of apoptosis-resistant cancer and provide new insights into mechanisms underlying drug-induced paraptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hager
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Korbula
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria
| | - Björn Bielec
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Liendl
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Lang
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.,Evercyte GmbH, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Nowikovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika F S Pape
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Science Consult DI Thomas Mohr KG, Enzianweg 10a, A-2353, Guntramsdorf, Austria
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Sîrbu A, Palamarciuc O, Babak MV, Lim JM, Ohui K, Enyedy EA, Shova S, Darvasiová D, Rapta P, Ang WH, Arion VB. Copper(ii) thiosemicarbazone complexes induce marked ROS accumulation and promote nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in highly resistant breast cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:3833-3847. [PMID: 28271099 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of water-soluble sodium salts of 3-formyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid thiosemicarbazones (or sodium 5-sulfonate-salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazones) containing different substituents at the terminal nitrogen atom (H, Me, Et, Ph) and their copper(ii) complexes have been prepared and characterised by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV-vis, 1H NMR), ESI mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography and cyclic voltammetry. The proligands and their copper(ii) complexes exhibit moderate water solubility and good stability in aqueous environment, determined by investigating their proton dissociation and complex formation equilibria. The copper(ii) complexes showed moderate anticancer activity in established human cancer cell lines, while the proligands were devoid of cytotoxicity. The anticancer activity of the copper(ii) complexes correlates with their ability to induce ROS accumulation in cells, consistent with their redox potentials within the biological window, triggering the activation of antioxidation defense mechanisms in response to the ROS insult. These studies pave the way for the investigation of ROS-inducing copper(ii) complexes as prospective antiproliferative agents in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sîrbu
- Moldova State University, Department of Chemistry, A. Mateevici Street 60, MD-2009, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Oleg Palamarciuc
- Moldova State University, Department of Chemistry, A. Mateevici Street 60, MD-2009, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Maria V Babak
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Jia Min Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Kateryna Ohui
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, Nr. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Denisa Darvasiová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Vladimir B Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Kogan S, Carpizo DR. Zinc Metallochaperones as Mutant p53 Reactivators: A New Paradigm in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E166. [PMID: 29843463 PMCID: PMC6025018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of wild-type structure and function to mutant p53 with a small molecule (hereafter referred to as "reactivating" mutant p53) is one of the holy grails in cancer therapeutics. The majority of TP53 mutations are missense which generate a defective protein that is targetable. We are currently developing a new class of mutant p53 reactivators called zinc metallochaperones (ZMCs) and, here, we review our current understanding of them. The p53 protein requires the binding of a single zinc ion, coordinated by four amino acids in the DNA binding domain, for proper structure and function. Loss of the wild-type structure by impairing zinc binding is a common mechanism of inactivating p53. ZMCs reactivate mutant p53 using a novel two-part mechanism that involves restoring the wild-type structure by reestablishing zinc binding and activating p53 through post-translational modifications induced by cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The former causes a wild-type conformation change, the later induces a p53-mediated apoptotic program to kill the cancer cell. ZMCs are small molecule metal ion chelators that bind zinc and other divalent metal ions strong enough to remove zinc from serum albumin, but weak enough to donate it to mutant p53. Recently we have extended our understanding of the mechanism of ZMCs to the role of cells' response to this zinc surge. We found that cellular zinc homeostatic mechanisms, which normally function to maintain free intracellular zinc levels in the picomolar range, are induced by ZMCs. By normalizing zinc levels, they function as an OFF switch to ZMCs because zinc levels are no longer sufficiently high to maintain a wild-type structure. This on/off switch leads to a transient nature to the mechanism of ZMCs in which mutant p53 activity comes on in a few hours and then is turned off. This finding has important implications for the translation of ZMCs to the clinic because it indicates that ZMC concentrations need not be maintained at high levels for their activity. Indeed, we found that short exposures (as little as 15 min) were adequate to observe the mutant p53 reactivating activity. This switch mechanism imparts an advantage over other targeted therapeutics in that efficacy can be accomplished with minimal exposure which minimizes toxicity and maximizes the therapeutic window. This on/off switch mechanism is unique in targeted cancer therapeutics and will impact the design of human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kogan
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Darren R Carpizo
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
- Z53 Therapeutics, Inc., Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA.
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31
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Fordham SE, Blair HJ, Elstob CJ, Plummer R, Drew Y, Curtin NJ, Heidenreich O, Pal D, Jamieson D, Park C, Pollard J, Fields S, Milne P, Jackson GH, Marr HJ, Menne T, Jones GL, Allan JM. Inhibition of ATR acutely sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to nucleoside analogs that target ribonucleotide reductase. Blood Adv 2018; 2:1157-1169. [PMID: 29789314 PMCID: PMC5965047 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017015214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinase promotes cancer cell survival by signaling stalled replication forks generated by replication stress, a common feature of many cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we show that the antileukemic activity of the chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogs hydroxyurea and gemcitabine was significantly potentiated by ATR inhibition via a mechanism involving ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) abrogation and inhibition of replication fork progression. When administered in combination with gemcitabine, an inhibitor of the M1 RNR subunit, the ATR inhibitor VX-970, eradicated disseminated leukemia in an orthotopic mouse model, eliciting long-term survival and effective cure. These data identify a synergistic interaction between ATR inhibition and RNR loss that will inform the deployment of small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of AML and other hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Fordham
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Blair
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J Elstob
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Plummer
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yvette Drew
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Deepali Pal
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Jamieson
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Park
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Pollard
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Fields
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Milne
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Graham H Jackson
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Marr
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Menne
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gail L Jones
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James M Allan
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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32
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Deng J, Su G, Chen P, Du Y, Gou Y, Liu Y. Evaluation of DNA binding and DNA cleavage of nickel(II) complexes with tridentate α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Mannargudi MB, Deb S. Clinical pharmacology and clinical trials of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors: is it a viable cancer therapy? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28624910 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) enzymes (RR1 and RR2) play an important role in the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides which is involved in DNA replication and repair. Augmented RR activity has been ascribed to uncontrolled cell growth and tumorigenic transformation. METHODS This review mainly focuses on several biological and chemical RR inhibitors (e.g., siRNA, GTI-2040, GTI-2501, triapine, gemcitabine, and clofarabine) that have been evaluated in clinical trials with promising anticancer activity from 1960's till 2016. A summary on whether their monotherapy or combination is still effective for further use is discussed. RESULTS Among the RR2 inhibitors evaluated, GTI-2040, siRNA, gallium nitrate and didox were more efficacious as a monotherapy, whereas triapine was found to be more efficacious as combination agent. Hydroxyurea is currently used more in combination therapy, even though it is efficacious as a monotherapy. Gallium nitrate showed mixed results in combination therapy, while the combination activity of didox is yet to be evaluated. RR1 inhibitors that have long been used in chemotherapy such as gemcitabine, cladribine, fludarabine and clofarabine are currently used mostly as a combination therapy, but are equally efficacious as a monotherapy, except tezacitabine which did not progress beyond phase I trials. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of clinical trials, we conclude that RR inhibitors are viable treatment options, either as a monotherapy or as a combination in cancer chemotherapy. With the recent advances made in cancer biology, further development of RR inhibitors with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity is possible for treatment of variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundan Baskar Mannargudi
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Subrata Deb
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Roosevelt University College of Pharmacy, 1400 N. Roosevelt Blvd., Schaumburg, IL, 60173, USA.
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34
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Yu X, Blanden A, Tsang AT, Zaman S, Liu Y, Gilleran J, Bencivenga AF, Kimball SD, Loh SN, Carpizo DR. Thiosemicarbazones Functioning as Zinc Metallochaperones to Reactivate Mutant p53. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:567-575. [PMID: 28320780 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule restoration of wild-type structure and function to mutant p53 (so-called mutant reactivation) is a highly sought-after goal in cancer drug development. We previously discovered that small-molecule zinc chelators called zinc metallochaperones (ZMCs) reactivate mutant p53 by restoring zinc binding to zinc-deficient p53 mutants. The lead compound identified from the NCI-60 human tumor cell lines screen, NSC319726 (ZMC1), belongs to the thiosemicarbazone (TSC) class of metal ion chelators that bind iron, copper, magnesium, zinc, and other transition metals. Here, we have investigated the other TSCs, NSC319725 and NSC328784, identified in the same screen, as well as the more well studied TSC, 3-AP (Triapine), to determine whether they function as ZMCs. We measured the zinc Kd zinc ionophore activity, ability to restore zinc to purified p53 DNA binding domain (DBD), and ability to restore site-specific DNA binding to purified R175H-DBD in vitro. We tested all four TSCs in a number of cell-based assays to examine mutant p53 reactivation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that NSC319725 and NSC328784 behave similarly to ZMC1 in both biophysical and cell-based assays and are heretofore named ZMC2 (NSC319725) and ZMC3 (NSC328784). 3-AP generates a ROS signal similar to ZMC1-3, but it fails to function as a ZMC both in vitro and in cells and ultimately does not reactivate p53. These findings indicate that not all TSCs function as ZMCs, and much of their activity can be predicted by their affinity for zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (X.Y., A.T.T., S.Z., Y.L., D.R.C.), Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (X.Y., A.T.T, Y.L., D.R.C.), Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (S.D.K.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.G., A.F.B., S.D.K.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (A.B., S.N.L.); and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt General Surgery Residency Program, New York, New York (A.T.T.)
| | - Adam Blanden
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (X.Y., A.T.T., S.Z., Y.L., D.R.C.), Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (X.Y., A.T.T, Y.L., D.R.C.), Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (S.D.K.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.G., A.F.B., S.D.K.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (A.B., S.N.L.); and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt General Surgery Residency Program, New York, New York (A.T.T.)
| | - Ashley T Tsang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (X.Y., A.T.T., S.Z., Y.L., D.R.C.), Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (X.Y., A.T.T, Y.L., D.R.C.), Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (S.D.K.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.G., A.F.B., S.D.K.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (A.B., S.N.L.); and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt General Surgery Residency Program, New York, New York (A.T.T.)
| | - Saif Zaman
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (X.Y., A.T.T., S.Z., Y.L., D.R.C.), Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (X.Y., A.T.T, Y.L., D.R.C.), Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (S.D.K.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.G., A.F.B., S.D.K.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (A.B., S.N.L.); and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt General Surgery Residency Program, New York, New York (A.T.T.)
| | - Yue Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (X.Y., A.T.T., S.Z., Y.L., D.R.C.), Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (X.Y., A.T.T, Y.L., D.R.C.), Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (S.D.K.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.G., A.F.B., S.D.K.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (A.B., S.N.L.); and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt General Surgery Residency Program, New York, New York (A.T.T.)
| | - John Gilleran
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (X.Y., A.T.T., S.Z., Y.L., D.R.C.), Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (X.Y., A.T.T, Y.L., D.R.C.), Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (S.D.K.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.G., A.F.B., S.D.K.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (A.B., S.N.L.); and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt General Surgery Residency Program, New York, New York (A.T.T.)
| | - Anthony F Bencivenga
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (X.Y., A.T.T., S.Z., Y.L., D.R.C.), Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (X.Y., A.T.T, Y.L., D.R.C.), Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (S.D.K.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.G., A.F.B., S.D.K.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (A.B., S.N.L.); and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt General Surgery Residency Program, New York, New York (A.T.T.)
| | - S David Kimball
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (X.Y., A.T.T., S.Z., Y.L., D.R.C.), Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (X.Y., A.T.T, Y.L., D.R.C.), Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (S.D.K.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.G., A.F.B., S.D.K.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (A.B., S.N.L.); and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt General Surgery Residency Program, New York, New York (A.T.T.)
| | - Stewart N Loh
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (X.Y., A.T.T., S.Z., Y.L., D.R.C.), Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (X.Y., A.T.T, Y.L., D.R.C.), Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (S.D.K.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.G., A.F.B., S.D.K.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (A.B., S.N.L.); and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt General Surgery Residency Program, New York, New York (A.T.T.)
| | - Darren R Carpizo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (X.Y., A.T.T., S.Z., Y.L., D.R.C.), Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (X.Y., A.T.T, Y.L., D.R.C.), Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (S.D.K.), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.G., A.F.B., S.D.K.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (A.B., S.N.L.); and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt General Surgery Residency Program, New York, New York (A.T.T.)
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Isatin-β-thiocarbohydrazones: Microwave-assisted synthesis, antitumor activity and structure-activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pratz KW, Rudek MA, Gojo I, Litzow MR, McDevitt MA, Ji J, Karnitz LM, Herman JG, Kinders RJ, Smith BD, Gore SD, Carraway HE, Showel MM, Gladstone DE, Levis MJ, Tsai HL, Rosner G, Chen A, Kaufmann SH, Karp JE. A Phase I Study of Topotecan, Carboplatin and the PARP Inhibitor Veliparib in Acute Leukemias, Aggressive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:899-907. [PMID: 27551000 PMCID: PMC5315611 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The PARP inhibitor veliparib delays DNA repair and potentiates cytotoxicity of multiple classes of chemotherapy drugs, including topoisomerase I inhibitors and platinating agents. This study evaluated veliparib incorporation into leukemia induction therapy using a previously described topotecan/carboplatin backbone.Experimental Design: Employing a 3+3 trial design, we administered escalating doses of veliparib combined with topotecan + carboplatin in relapsed or refractory acute leukemias, aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).Results: A total of 99 patients received veliparib 10-100 mg orally twice daily on days 1-8, 1-14, or 1-21 along with continuous infusion topotecan 1.0-1.2 mg/m2/d + carboplatin 120-150 mg/m2/d on days 3-7. The MTD was veliparib 80 mg twice daily for up to 21 days with topotecan 1.2 mg/m2/d + carboplatin 150 mg/m2/d. Mucositis was dose limiting and correlated with high veliparib concentrations. The response rate was 33% overall (33/99: 14 CR, 11 CRi, 8 PR) but was 64% (14/22) for patients with antecedent or associated aggressive MPNs or CMML. Leukemias with baseline DNA repair defects, as evidenced by impaired DNA damage-induced FANCD2 monoubiquitination, had improved survival [HR = 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.92)]. A single 80-mg dose of veliparib, as well as veliparib in combination with topotecan + carboplatin, induced DNA damage as manifested by histone H2AX phosphorylation in CD34+ leukemia cells, with greater phosphorylation in cells from responders.Conclusions: The veliparib/topotecan/carboplatin combination warrants further investigation, particularly in patients with aggressive MPNs, CMML, and MPN- or CMML-related acute leukemias. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 899-907. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W Pratz
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ivana Gojo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Michael A McDevitt
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiuping Ji
- National Clinical Target Validation Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - James G Herman
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert J Kinders
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - B Douglas Smith
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven D Gore
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hetty E Carraway
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Margaret M Showel
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas E Gladstone
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark J Levis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hua-Ling Tsai
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary Rosner
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alice Chen
- IDB/CTEP/NCI, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Judith E Karp
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Bacher F, Dömötör O, Enyedy ÉA, Filipović L, Radulović S, Smith GS, Arion VB. Complex formation reactions of gallium(III) and iron(III/II) with l-proline-thiosemicarbazone hybrids: A comparative study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Su W, Peng B, Li P, Xiao Q, Huang S, Gu Y, Lai Z. Synthesis, structure and antiproliferative activity of organometallic iridium(III) complexes containing thiosemicarbazone ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf; (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education; China
| | - Binghua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf; (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education; China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine; Nanning China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf; (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education; China
| | - Shan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf; (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education; China
| | - Yunqiong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf; (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education; China
| | - Zefeng Lai
- Department of Pharmacology; Guangxi Medicinal University; Nanning 530021 China
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39
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Dobrova A, Platzer S, Bacher F, Milunovic MNM, Dobrov A, Spengler G, Enyedy ÉA, Novitchi G, Arion VB. Structure-antiproliferative activity studies on l-proline- and homoproline-4-N-pyrrolidine-3-thiosemicarbazone hybrids and their nickel(ii), palladium(ii) and copper(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13427-39. [PMID: 27485263 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two water-soluble thiosemicarbazone-proline (H2L(1)) and thiosemicarbazone-homoproline hybrids (H2L(2)) were synthesised. By reaction of H2L(1) with NiCl2·6H2O, PdCl2 and CuCl2·2H2O in ethanol, the series of square-planar complexes [Ni(H2L(1))Cl]Cl·1.3H2O (1·1.3H2O), [Pd(H2L(1))Cl]Cl·H2O (2·H2O) and [Cu(H2L(1))Cl]Cl·0.7H2O (3·0.7H2O) was prepared, and starting from H2L(2) and CuCl2·2H2O in methanol, the complex [Cu(H2L(2))Cl2]·H2O (4·H2O) was obtained. The compounds have been characterised by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy), ESI mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray crystallography (H2L(1), 1, 2 and 4). As a solid, 1 is diamagnetic, while it is paramagnetic in methanolic solution. The effective magnetic moment of 3.26 B.M. at room temperature indicates the change in coordination geometry from square-planar to octahedral upon dissolution. The in vitro anticancer potency of ligand precursors H2L(1) and H2L(2) and metal complexes 1-4 was studied in three human cancer cell lines (A549, CH1 and SW480) and in noncancerous murine embryonal fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), and the mechanism of cell death was also assayed by flow cytometry. Clear-cut structure-activity relationships have been established. The metal ions exert marked effects in a divergent manner: copper(ii) increases, whereas nickel(ii) and palladium(ii) decrease the cytotoxicity of the hybrids. The antiproliferative activity of H2L(1) and metal complexes 1-3 decreases in all three tumour cell lines in the following rank order: 3 > H2L(1) > 1 > 2. The role of square-planar geometry in the underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity of the metal complexes studied seems to be negligible, while structural modifications at the terminal amino group of thiosemicarbazide and proline moieties are significant for enhancing the antiproliferative activity of both hybrids and copper(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliona Dobrova
- University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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40
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Gou Y, Wang J, Chen S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Yang F. α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone Fe(III) complex: Characterization of its antitumor activity and identification of anticancer mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:354-364. [PMID: 27487566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized an α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone ligand (L) and its Fe complex (C1) and assessed their chemical and biological properties in order to understand their marked activity. Electrochemical studies and ascorbate oxidation studies demonstrated that C1 shows considerable redox activity, and Fe(III/II) redox potentials was within the range accessible to cellular oxidants and reductants. Absorption spectral, emission spectral and viscosity analysis reveal that L and C1 interacted with DNA through intercalation and C1 exhibited a higher DNA binding ability. Agarose gel electrophoresis experiments indicated that C1 exhibited the highest pBR322 DNA cleaving ability. In vitro, C1 showed significantly more anticancer activity than the ligand alone. Moreover, C1 induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage, resulting in activation of the p53 pathway, cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shifang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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41
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Bacher F, Dömötör O, Chugunova A, Nagy NV, Filipović L, Radulović S, Enyedy ÉA, Arion VB. Strong effect of copper(II) coordination on antiproliferative activity of thiosemicarbazone-piperazine and thiosemicarbazone-morpholine hybrids. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:9071-90. [PMID: 25896351 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazones and three different heterocyclic pharmacophores were combined to prepare thiosemicarbazone–piperazine mPip-FTSC (HL1) and mPip-dm-FTSC (HL2), thiosemicarbazone–morpholine Morph-FTSC (HL3) and Morph-dm-FTSC (HL4), thiosemicarbazone–methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate hybrids mPyrr-FTSC (HL5) and mPyrr-dm-FTSC (HL6) as well as their copper(II) complexes [CuCl(mPipH-FTSC-H)]Cl (1 + H)Cl, [CuCl(mPipH-dm-FTSC-H)]Cl (2 + H)Cl, [CuCl(Morph-FTSC-H)] (3), [CuCl(Morph-dm-FTSC-H)] (4), [CuCl(mPyrr-FTSC-H)(H2O)] (5) and [CuCl(mPyrr-dm-FTSC-H)(H2O)] (6). The substances were characterized by elemental analysis, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (HL1–HL6), ESI mass spectrometry, IR and UV–vis spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction (1–5). All compounds were prepared in an effort to generate potential antitumor agents with an improved therapeutic index. In addition, the effect of structural alterations with organic hybrids on aqueous solubility and copper(II) coordination ability was investigated. Complexation of ligands HL2 and HL4 with copper(II) was studied in aqueous solution by pH-potentiometry, UV–vis spectrophotometry and EPR spectroscopy. Proton dissociation processes of HL2 and HL4 were also characterized in detail and microscopic constants for the Z/E isomers were determined. While the hybrids HL5, HL6 and their copper(II) complexes 5 and 6 proved to be insoluble in aqueous solution, precluding antiproliferative activity studies, the thiosemicarbazone–piperazine and thiosemicarbazone–morpholine hybrids HL1–HL4, as well as copper(II) complexes 1–4 were soluble in water enabling cytotoxicity assays. Interestingly, the metal-free hybrids showed very low or even a lack of cytotoxicity (IC50 values > 300 μM) in two human cancer cell lines HeLa (cervical carcinoma) and A549 (alveolar basal adenocarcinoma), whereas their copper(II) complexes were cytotoxic showing IC50 values from 25.5 to 65.1 μM and 42.8 to 208.0 μM, respectively in the same human cancer cell lines after 48 h of incubation. However, the most sensitive for HL4 and complexes 1–4 proved to be the human cancer cell line LS174 (colon carcinoma) as indicated by the calculated IC50 values varying from 13.1 to 17.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bacher
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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42
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Corcé V, Gouin SG, Renaud S, Gaboriau F, Deniaud D. Recent advances in cancer treatment by iron chelators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:251-256. [PMID: 26684852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic alternatives for cancers is a major public health priority. Among the more promising approaches, the iron depletion strategy based on metal chelation in the tumoral environment has been particularly studied in recent decades. After a short description of the importance of iron for cancer cell proliferation, we will review the different iron chelators developed as potential chemotherapeutics. Finally, the recent efforts to vectorize the chelating agents specifically in the microtumoral environment will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Corcé
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Sébastien G Gouin
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Stéphanie Renaud
- INSERM, UMR 991, CHRU Pontchaillou, 35033 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - François Gaboriau
- INSERM, UMR 991, CHRU Pontchaillou, 35033 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - David Deniaud
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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43
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Pelivan K, Miklos W, van Schoonhoven S, Koellensperger G, Gille L, Berger W, Heffeter P, Kowol CR, Keppler BK. Differences in protein binding and excretion of Triapine and its Fe(III) complex. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 160:61-9. [PMID: 26507768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Triapine has been investigated as anticancer drug in multiple clinical phase I/II trials. Although promising anti-leukemic activity was observed, Triapine was ineffective against solid tumors. The reasons are currently widely unknown. The biological activity of Triapine is strongly connected to its iron complex (Fe-Triapine) which is pharmacologically not investigated. Here, novel analytical tools for Triapine and Fe-Triapine were developed and applied for cell extracts and body fluids of treated mice. Triapine and its iron complex showed a completely different behavior: for Triapine, low protein binding was observed in contrast to fast protein adduct formation of Fe-Triapine. Notably, both drugs were rapidly cleared from the body (serum half-life time <1h). Remarkably, in contrast to Triapine, where (in accordance to clinical data) basically no renal excretion was found, the iron complex was effectively excreted via urine. Moreover, no Fe-Triapine was detected in serum or cytosolic extracts after Triapine treatment. Taken together, our study will help to further understand the biological behavior of Triapine and its Fe-complex and allow the development of novel thiosemicarbazones with pronounced activity against solid tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pelivan
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Miklos
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sushilla van Schoonhoven
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bisceglie F, Musiari A, Pinelli S, Alinovi R, Menozzi I, Polverini E, Tarasconi P, Tavone M, Pelosi G. Quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones and their Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes as topoisomerase IIa inhibitors. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 152:10-9. [PMID: 26335598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones and their copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized. In all complexes the ligands are in the E configuration with respect to the imino bond and behave as terdentate. The copper(II) complexes form square planar derivatives with one molecule of terdentate ligand and chloride ion. A further non-coordinated chloride ion compensates the overall charge. Nickel(II) ions form instead octahedral complexes with two ligands for each metal ion, independently from the stoichiometric metal:ligand ratio used in the synthesis. Ligands and complexes were tested for their antiproliferative properties on histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937. Copper(II) derivatives are systematically more active than the ligands and the nickel complexes. All copper derivatives result in inhibiting topoisomerase IIa in vitro. Computational methods were used to propose a model to explain the different extent of inhibition presented by these compounds. The positive charge of the dissociated form of the copper complexes may play a key role in their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Bisceglie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy; CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Parma Unit, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Anastasia Musiari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvana Pinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Parma Unit, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Rossella Alinovi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Parma Unit, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Menozzi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Polverini
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Pieralberto Tarasconi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy; CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Parma Unit, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Tavone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy; CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), Parma Unit, University of Parma, Italy.
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Bacher F, Dömötör O, Kaltenbrunner M, Mojović M, Popović-Bijelić A, Gräslund A, Ozarowski A, Filipovic L, Radulović S, Enyedy ÉA, Arion VB. Effects of terminal dimethylation and metal coordination of proline-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone hybrids on lipophilicity, antiproliferative activity, and hR2 RNR inhibition. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12595-609. [PMID: 25391085 DOI: 10.1021/ic502239u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) complexes of the proline-thiosemicarbazone hybrids 3-methyl-(S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (L-Pro-FTSC or (S)-H2L(1)) and 3-methyl-(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (D-Pro-FTSC or (R)-H2L(1)), as well as 3-methyl-(S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate-2-formylpyridine 4,4-dimethyl-thiosemicarbazone (dm-L-Pro-FTSC or (S)-H2L(2)), namely, [Ni(L-Pro-FTSC-2H)]2 (1), [Ni(D-Pro-FTSC-2H)]2 (2), [Ni(dm-L-Pro-FTSC-2H)]2 (3), [Cu(dm-L-Pro-FTSC-2H)] (6), [Zn(L-Pro-FTSC-2H)] (7), and [Zn(D-Pro-FTSC-2H)] (8), in addition to two previously reported, [Cu(L-Pro-FTSC-2H)] (4), [Cu(D-Pro-FTSC-2H)] (5), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, one- and two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism, UV-vis, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Compounds 1-3, 6, and 7 were also studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Magnetic properties and solid-state high-field electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of 2 over the range of 50-420 GHz were investigated. The complex formation processes of L-Pro-FTSC with nickel(II) and zinc(II) were studied in aqueous solution due to the excellent water solubility of the complexes via pH potentiometry, UV-vis, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that dimethylation improves the cytotoxicity and hR2 RNR inhibition. Therefore, introduction of more lipophilic groups into thiosemicarbazone-proline backbone becomes an option for the synthesis of more efficient cytotoxic agents of this family of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bacher
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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ZHANG C, LIU G, HUANG M. Ribonucleotide reductase metallocofactor: assembly, maintenance and inhibition. FRONTIERS IN BIOLOGY 2014; 9:104-113. [PMID: 24899886 PMCID: PMC4041730 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-014-1302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) supplies cellular deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTP) pools by converting ribonucleotides to the corresponding deoxy forms using radical-based chemistry. Eukaryotic RNR comprises α and β subunits: α contains the catalytic and allosteric sites; β houses a diferric-tyrosyl radical cofactor (FeIII2-Y•) that is required to initiates nucleotide reduction in α. Cells have evolved multi-layered mechanisms to regulate RNR level and activity in order to maintain the adequate sizes and ratios of their dNTP pools to ensure high-fidelity DNA replication and repair. The central role of RNR in nucleotide metabolism also makes it a proven target of chemotherapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the function and regulation of eukaryotic RNRs, with a focus on studies revealing the cellular machineries involved in RNR metallocofactor biosynthesis and its implication in RNR-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiguo ZHANG
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Guoqi LIU
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mingxia HUANG
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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