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Tezcanli Kaymaz B, Gumus N, Celik B, Alcitepe İ, Biray Avci C, Aktan C. Ponatinib and STAT5 Inhibitor Pimozide Combined Synergistic Treatment Applications Potentially Overcome Drug Resistance via Regulating the Cytokine Expressional Network in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:178-189. [PMID: 38579140 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative hematological disease characterized by the chimeric breakpoint-cluster region/Abelson kinase1 (BCR::ABL1) oncoprotein; playing a pivotal role in CML molecular pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and possible resistance arising from the success and tolerance of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based therapy. The transcription factor STAT5 constitutive signaling, which is influenced by the cytokine signaling network, triggers BCR::ABL1-based CML pathogenesis and is also relevant to acquired TKI resistance. The unsuccessful therapeutic approaches targeting BCR::ABL1, in particular third-line therapy with ponatinib, still need to be further developed with alternative combination strategies to overcome drug resistance. As treatment with the STAT5 inhibitor pimozide in combination with ponatinib resulted in an efficient and synergistic therapeutic approach in TKI-resistant CML cells, this study focused on identifying the underlying amplification of ponatinib response mechanisms by determining different cytokine expression profiles in parental and ponatinib-resistant CML cells, in vitro. The results showed that expression of interleukin (IL) 1B, IL9, and IL12A-B was increased by 2-fold, while IL18 was downregulated by 2-fold in the ponatinib-resistant cells compared to sensitive ones. Importantly, ponatinib treatment upregulated the expression of 21 of the 23 interferon and IL genes in the ponatinib-resistant cells, while treatment with pimozide or a combination dose resulted in a reduction in the expression of 19 different cytokine genes, such as for example, inflammatory cytokines, IL1A-B and IL6 or cytokine genes associated with supporting tumor progression, leukemia stem cell growth or poor survival, such as IL3, IL8, IL9, IL10, IL12, or IL15. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis results showed that the genes were mainly enriched in the regulation of receptor signaling through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and hematopoietic cell lineage. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that IL2, IL6, IL15, IFNG, and others appeared in the top lists of pathways, indicating their high centrality and importance in the network. Therefore, pimozide could be a promising agent to support TKI therapies in ponatinib resistance. This research would help to clarify the role of cytokines in ponatinib resistance and advance the development of new therapeutics to utilize the STAT5 inhibitor pimozide in combination with TKIs.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Pimozide/pharmacology
- Pimozide/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Interleukin-15/metabolism
- Interleukin-15/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-9/metabolism
- Interleukin-9/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Imidazoles
- Pyridazines
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurcan Gumus
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Besne Celik
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - İlayda Alcitepe
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Cagdas Aktan
- Department of Medical Biology, Beykent University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Department of Medical Biology, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University Medical School, Balikesir, Turkiye
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2
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Golestani A, Rahimi A, Najafzadeh M, Sayadi M, Sajjadi SM. "Combination treatments of imatinib with astaxanthin and crocin efficiently ameliorate antioxidant status, inflammation and cell death progression in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells". Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:108. [PMID: 38227060 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Crocin (CRC) and astaxanthin (ATX) are phytochemicals with anti-cancer properties. AIMS This study aimed to explore the effects of combination treatment of Imatinib with CRC and ATX on Imatinib-resistant K562 (IR-K562) cells. METHODS AND RESULTS After the establishment of IR-K562 cells, growth inhibitory activity was determined by the MTT assay. To test the regeneration potential, a colony formation assay was performed. Cell cycle analyses were examined by flow cytometry. Cell injury was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Real-time PCR was applied to assess the expression of IL6, TNF-α, STAT3, BAD, CASP3, TP53, and Bcl-2 genes. Caspase-3 activity was determined by a colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activity was measured using a diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. After 48 h of treatment, ATX (IC50 = 30µM) and CRC (IC50 = 190µM) significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation ability, induced G1 cell cycle arrest and cell injury, upregulated the expression of apoptosis-associated genes, and downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic and inflammatory genes. The combination of IM with ATX and/or CRC synergistically reduced cell viability (combination index [CI] < 1). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that IM shows better therapeutic efficacy at lower doses when combined with ATX and/or CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Golestani
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Atefeh Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahsa Najafzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sayadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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3
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Zhang M, Meng Y, Ying Y, Zhou P, Zhang S, Fang Y, Yao Y, Li D. Selective activation of STAT3 and STAT5 dictates the fate of myeloid progenitor cells. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:274. [PMID: 37507383 PMCID: PMC10382539 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular programs that govern the directed differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells are still poorly defined. Using a previously established immortalized, phenotypically normal myeloid progenitor cell model mEB8-ER, we unveil a new mechanism mediated by STAT5 and STAT3 at a bifurcation point of myeloid progenitor cell-fate specification. We find that myeloid progenitor cells can spontaneously differentiate into neutrophils with a basal level of STAT3 phosphorylation, which is enhanced by G-CSF treatment or STAT3 over-expression, leading to elevated neutrophil differentiation. Reduced STAT3 phosphorylation caused by GM-CSF treatment, STAT3 specific inhibitor, or STAT3 depletion leads to attenuated myeloid differentiation into neutrophils, while elevating differentiation into monocytes/macrophages. In contrast, STAT5 appears to have an antagonistic function to STAT3. When activated by GM-CSF, STAT5 promotes myeloid differentiation into monocytes/macrophages but inhibits neutrophil differentiation. At the mechanistic level, GM-CSF activates STAT5 to up-regulate SOCS3, which attenuates STAT3 phosphorylation and consequently neutrophil differentiation, while enhancing monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT5 and STAT3 in primary myeloid progenitors recapitulates the results from the mEB8-ER model. Together, our findings provide new mechanistic insights into myeloid differentiation and may prove useful for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to abnormal myeloid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxia Ying
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingting Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suning Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Yin L, Zhang Q, Xie S, Cheng Z, Li R, Zhu H, Yu Q, Yuan H, Wang C, Peng H, Zhang G. HDAC inhibitor chidamide overcomes drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia with the T315i mutation through the Akt-autophagy pathway. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00919-1. [PMID: 37222919 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Currently, therapy for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients with the T315I mutation is a major challenge in clinical practice due to its high degree of resistance to first- and second-generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs). Chidamide, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (HDACi) drug, is currently used to treat peripheral T-cell lymphoma. In this study, we investigated the anti-leukemia effects of chidamide on the CML cell lines Ba/F3 P210 and Ba/F3 T315I and primary tumor cells from CML patients with the T315I mutation. The underlying mechanism was investigated, and we found that chidamide could inhibit Ba/F3 T315I cells at G0/G1 phase. Signaling pathway analysis showed that chidamide induced H3 acetylation, downregulated pAKT expression and upregulated pSTAT5 expression in Ba/F3 T315I cells. Additionally, we found that the antitumor effect of chidamide could be exerted by regulating the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. When chidamide was used in combination with imatinib or nilotinib, the antitumor effects were enhanced compared with chidamide alone in Ba/F3 T315I and Ba/F3 P210 cells. Therefore, we conclude that chidamide may overcome T315I mutation-related drug resistance in CML patients and works efficiently if used in combination with TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yin
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Yuan
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, China
| | - Canfei Wang
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, China.
| | - Hongling Peng
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, China.
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, No.139th Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, China
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5
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Ma D, Liu P, Hu C, Zhou Z, Wang P, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ran Y, Li P, Zhao J, Wang J, Zhang C, Tang L. Intracellular angiopoietin-1 promotes TKI-resistance via activation of JAK/STAT5 pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2023; 42:124-137. [PMID: 36385374 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance from BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and other chemotherapeutics results in treatment failure and disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the mechanism is still uncertain. In this study, we investigated the role of angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1) as a potential prognostic factor for drug resistance in CML. Both intracellular and secretory ANG-1 (iANG-1 and sANG-1) were overexpressed in multidrug-resistant CML samples. The IC50 value was higher in primary CD34+ CD38- cells with more ANG-1. Silencing ANG-1significantly sensitized three TKI-resistant CML cell lines to imatinib (IM) while recombinant human ANG-1 failed to retain cell survival in vitro. This indicated the important role of iANG-1 as opposed to sANG-1 in CML drug resistance. Moreover, a similar effect was observed in xenograft mice models bearing ANG-1-silenced CML cells. Subsequently, pathway analysis and protein validation experiments showed activation of the JAK/STAT pathway and augmentation of STAT5a phosphorylation in ANG-1 restored CML cells. Upstream Src phosphorylation, which plays a crucial role in CML drug resistance, was also upregulated as a key event in iANG-1-related JAK/STAT pathway activation. In conclusion, our study elucidated a new BCR-ABL independent molecular mechanism induced by intracytoplasmic ANG-1 overexpression as a potential strategy for overcoming CML resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Chujiao Hu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yunsheng Ran
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Pinghao Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Lei Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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6
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Cheng R, Huang Y, Fang Y, Wang Q, Yan M, Ge Y. Cryptotanshinone enhances the efficacy of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors via inhibiting STAT3 and eIF4E signalling pathways in chronic myeloid leukaemia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:893-903. [PMID: 34214017 PMCID: PMC8259876 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1944224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A portion of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) develop resistance to the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), limiting the clinical applications. Previous results have demonstrated the synergistic effects between cryptotanshinone (CPT) and imatinib on apoptosis of CML cells in vitro. OBJECTIVE To determine the antileukemia effects of CPT and TKIs on the resistant CML cells, and further investigate the effect of combined treatment of CPT and imatinib on tumour growth and apoptosis in the xenograft model and clarify its regulatory mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The combination effects of CPT and second-generation TKIs were evaluated in resistant CML cells K562-R. CPT and imatinib were orally administered once daily for 21 days on K562-R xenografts in nude mice (6 per group). Tumour proliferation and apoptosis were examined by Ki-67, PCNA and TUNEL staining. The expression levels of apoptotic markers and activities of STAT3 and eIF4E pathways were determined via immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting analysis. RESULTS CPT significantly enhanced the antiproliferative effects of TKIs, via triggering cleavages of caspase proteins, and inhibiting activities of STAT3 and eIF4E pathways. The administration of CPT and imatinib dramatically inhibited the tumour growth of xenografts and achieved a suppression of 60.2%, which is 2.6-fold higher than that of single imatinib group. Furthermore, CPT and imatinib increased the apoptotic rates and markedly decreased the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and eIF4E. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that CPT could significantly enhance the antileukemia efficacy of TKIs, suggesting the therapeutic potential of CPT to overcome CML resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Bolandi SM, Pakjoo M, Beigi P, Kiani M, Allahgholipour A, Goudarzi N, Khorashad JS, Eiring AM. A Role for the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Drug Resistance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2021; 10:2833. [PMID: 34831055 PMCID: PMC8616250 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis and remarkable resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Understanding resistance mechanisms against currently available drugs helps to recognize the therapeutic obstacles. Various mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy or targeted inhibitors have been described for AML cells, including a role for the bone marrow niche in both the initiation and persistence of the disease, and in drug resistance of the leukemic stem cell (LSC) population. The BM niche supports LSC survival through direct and indirect interactions among the stromal cells, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and leukemic cells. Additionally, the BM niche mediates changes in metabolic and signal pathway activation due to the acquisition of new mutations or selection and expansion of a minor clone. This review briefly discusses the role of the BM microenvironment and metabolic pathways in resistance to therapy, as discovered through AML clinical studies or cell line and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammadreza Bolandi
- Department of Immunology, Razi Vaccine and Sera Research Institute, Karaj, Iran; (S.M.B.); (N.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Mahdi Pakjoo
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; (M.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Peyman Beigi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; (M.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Mohammad Kiani
- Department of Pharmacology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali Allahgholipour
- Department of Pharmacology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Negar Goudarzi
- Department of Immunology, Razi Vaccine and Sera Research Institute, Karaj, Iran; (S.M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Jamshid S. Khorashad
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK;
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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8
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Narasimhan M, Khamkar V, Tilwani S, Dalal SN, Shetty D, Subramanian PG, Gupta S, Govekar R. Atypical activation of signaling downstream of inactivated Bcr-Abl mediates chemoresistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:207-222. [PMID: 34596797 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) epitomises successful targeted therapy, where inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity of oncoprotein Bcr-Abl1 by imatinib, induces remission in 86% patients in initial chronic phase (CP). However, in acute phase of blast crisis, 80% patients show resistance, 40% among them despite inhibition of Bcr-Abl1 activity. This implies activation of either Bcr-Abl1- independent signalling pathways or restoration of signalling downstream of inactive Bcr-Abl1. In the present study, mass spectrometry and subsequent in silico pathway analysis of differentiators in resistant CML-CP cells identified key differentiators, 14-3-3ε and p38 MAPK, which belong to Bcr-Abl1 pathway. Their levels and activity respectively, indicated active Bcr-Abl1 pathway in CML-BC resistant cells, though Bcr-Abl1 is inhibited by imatinib. Further, contribution of these components to resistance was demonstrated by inhibition of Bcr-Abl1 down-stream signalling by knocking-out of 14-3-3ε and inhibition of p38 MAPK activity. The observations merit clinical validation to explore their translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythreyi Narasimhan
- Rukmini Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Vaishnavi Khamkar
- Rukmini Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sarika Tilwani
- Sorab Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Sorab Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Dhanlaxmi Shetty
- Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, , ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - P G Subramanian
- Hematopathology Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Gupta Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Rukmini Govekar
- Rukmini Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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9
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Rinaldi I, Putri A, Louisa M, Koesnoe S. High STAT5A Expression is Associated with Major Molecular Response Achievement Failure of Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Receiving Hydroxyurea before Imatinib: A Cross-sectional Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: STAT5 is a transcriptional factor which when highly expressed in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells stimulate proliferation and mediate resistance from tyrosine kinase inhibitors, resulting in major molecular response (MMR) failure. STAT5 has two isoforms, STAT5A and STAT5B. However, prolonged use of imatinib appears to only upregulate STAT5A pathway. In addition, the resistance conferred by STAT5A does not extend to other drugs such as hydroxyurea. Hence, STAT5A and STAT5B might have different functions in CML cells.
AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the association of STAT5A and STAT5B expression with MMR failure in CML patients.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of CML patients in chronic phase with age ≥ 18 years old, receiving IM therapy ≥ 12 months, and previously given hydroxyurea. MMR status was evaluated and patients were categorized as achieved or failed to achieve MMR. Expression levels of STAT5A and STAT5B were conducted using RT-PCR methods. Associations between STAT5A expression, STAT5B expression, hydroxyurea duration, and imatinib duration with MMR achievement were calculated using logistic regression.
RESULTS: A total of 118 patients were analyzed; 71.1% failed to achieve MMR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant association between high STAT5A expression (odds ratio [OR]: 3.852; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.420–10.452; p = 0.008), STAT5A/STAT5B interaction (OR: 0.150; 95% CI: 0.038–0.593; p = 0.007), longer hydroxyurea administration (OR: 3.882; 95% CI: 1.023–14.733; p = 0.046), and shorter imatinib administration (OR: 0.333; 95% CI: 0.132–0.840; p = 0.020) with MMR achievement failure. After adjusting STAT5A expression with STAT5A/STAT5B interaction, high STAT5A expression independently increased the likelihood of MMR achievement failure only in high expression STAT5B patients (OR: 3.852; 95% CI: 1.420–10.452; p = 0.008).
CONCLUSION: High STAT5A expression which is induced by high STAT5B is associated with MMR achievement failure of chronic phase CML patients who received hydroxyurea before imatinib. Longer duration of hydroxyurea and shorter duration of IM confound of STAT5A expression to MMR achievement failure.
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10
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Moser B, Edtmayer S, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Stoiber D. The Ups and Downs of STAT Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1051. [PMID: 34440253 PMCID: PMC8392322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a highly heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy. The management of AML is complex and despite impressive efforts into better understanding its underlying molecular mechanisms, survival rates in the elderly have not shown a substantial improvement over the past decades. This is particularly due to the heterogeneity of AML and the need for personalized approaches. Due to the crucial role of the deregulated JAK-STAT signaling in AML, selective targeting of the JAK-STAT pathway, particularly constitutively activated STAT3 and STAT5 and their associated upstream JAKs, is of great interest. This strategy has shown promising results in vitro and in vivo with several compounds having reached clinical trials. Here, we summarize recent FDA approvals and current potential clinically relevant inhibitors for AML patients targeting JAK and STAT proteins. This review underlines the need for detailed cytogenetic analysis and additional assessment of JAK-STAT pathway activation. It highlights the ongoing development of new JAK-STAT inhibitors with better disease specificity, which opens up new avenues for improved disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Division Pharmacology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (B.M.); (S.E.); (A.W.-S.)
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11
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Catara G, Spano D. Combinatorial Strategies to Target Molecular and Signaling Pathways to Disarm Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689131. [PMID: 34381714 PMCID: PMC8352560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an urgent public health issue with a very huge number of cases all over the world expected to increase by 2040. Despite improved diagnosis and therapeutic protocols, it remains the main leading cause of death in the world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a tumor subpopulation defined by ability to self-renewal and to generate the heterogeneous and differentiated cell lineages that form the tumor bulk. These cells represent a major concern in cancer treatment due to resistance to conventional protocols of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. In fact, although partial or complete tumor regression can be achieved in patients, these responses are often followed by cancer relapse due to the expansion of CSCs population. The aberrant activation of developmental and oncogenic signaling pathways plays a relevant role in promoting CSCs therapy resistance. Although several targeted approaches relying on monotherapy have been developed to affect these pathways, they have shown limited efficacy. Therefore, an urgent need to design alternative combinatorial strategies to replace conventional regimens exists. This review summarizes the preclinical studies which provide a proof of concept of therapeutic efficacy of combinatorial approaches targeting the CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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12
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Barreto Vianna DR, Gotardi J, Baggio Gnoatto SC, Pilger DA. Natural and Semisynthetic Pentacyclic Triterpenes for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Therapy: Reality, Challenges and Perspectives. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1835-1860. [PMID: 33682360 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a neoplasm characterized by BCR-ABL1, an oncoprotein with vital role in leukemogenesis. Its inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors represents the main choice of treatment. However, therapeutic failure is worrying given the lack of pharmacological options. Pentacyclic triterpenes are phytochemicals with outstanding antitumoral properties and have also been explored as a basis for the design of potential leads. In this review, we have gathered and discuss data regarding both natural and semisynthetic pentacyclic triterpenes applied to CML cell treatment. We found consistent evidence that the class of pentacyclic triterpenes in general exerts promising pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative activities in sensitive and resistant CML cells, and thus represents a rich source for drug development. We also analyze the predicted drug-like properties of the molecules, discuss the structural changes with biological implications and show the great opportunities this class represents, as well as the perspectives they provide on drug discovery for CML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Renz Barreto Vianna
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752 CEP, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jessica Gotardi
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo André Pilger
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752 CEP, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Jeanpierre S, Arizkane K, Thongjuea S, Grockowiak E, Geistlich K, Barral L, Voeltzel T, Guillemin A, Gonin-Giraud S, Gandrillon O, Nicolini FE, Mead AJ, Maguer-Satta V, Lefort S. The quiescent fraction of chronic myeloid leukemic stem cells depends on BMPR1B, Stat3 and BMP4-niche signals to persist in patients in remission. Haematologica 2021; 106:111-122. [PMID: 32001529 PMCID: PMC7776261 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.232793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia arises from the transformation of hematopoietic stem cells by the BCR-ABL oncogene. Though transformed cells are predominantly BCR-ABL-dependent and sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, some BMPR1B+ leukemic stem cells are treatment-insensitive and rely, among others, on the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway for their survival via a BMP4 autocrine loop. Here, we further studied the involvement of BMP signaling in favoring residual leukemic stem cell persistence in the BM of patients having achieved remission under treatment. We demonstrate by single-cell RNASequencing analysis that a sub-fraction of surviving BMPR1B+ leukemic stem cells are co-enriched in BMP signaling, quiescence and stem cell signatures, without modulation of the canonical BMP target genes, but enrichment in actors of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. Indeed, based on a new model of persisting CD34+CD38– leukemic stem cells, we show that BMPR1B+ cells display co-activated Smad1/5/8 and Stat3 pathways. Interestingly, we reveal that only the BMPR1B+ cells adhering to stromal cells display a quiescent status. Surprisingly, this quiescence is induced by treatment, while non-adherent BMPR1B+ cells treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors continued to proliferate. The subsequent targeting of BMPR1B and Jak2 pathways decreased quiescent leukemic stem cells by promoting their cell cycle re-entry and differentiation. Moreover, while Jak2-inhibitors alone increased BMP4 production by mesenchymal cells, the addition of the newly described BMPR1B inhibitor (E6201) impaired BMP4-mediated production by stromal cells. Altogether, our data demonstrate that targeting both BMPR1B and Jak2/Stat3 efficiently impacts persisting and dormant leukemic stem cells hidden in their BM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lea Barral
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon
| | | | - Anissa Guillemin
- Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule. LBMC - Ecole Normale Superieure - Lyon
| | - Sandrine Gonin-Giraud
- Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule. LBMC - Ecole Normale Superieure - Lyon
| | - Olivier Gandrillon
- Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule. LBMC - Ecole Normale Superieure - Lyon
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14
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Lamie PF, Philoppes JN. 2-Thiopyrimidine/chalcone hybrids: design, synthesis, ADMET prediction, and anticancer evaluation as STAT3/STAT5a inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:864-879. [PMID: 32208772 PMCID: PMC7144330 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1740922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel 2-thiopyrimidine/chalcone hybrid was designed, synthesised, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three different cell lines, K-562, MCF-7, and HT-29. The most active cytotoxic derivatives were 9d, 9f, 9n, and 9p (IC50=0.77-1.74 µM, against K-562 cell line), 9a and 9r (IC50=1.37-3.56 µM against MCF-7 cell line), and 9a, 9l, and 9n (IC50=2.10 and 2.37 µM against HT-29 cell line). Compounds 9a, 9d, 9f, 9n, and 9r were further evaluated for their cytotoxicity against normal fibroblast cell line WI38. Moreover, STAT3 and STAT5a inhibitory activities were determined for the most active derivatives 9a, 9d, 9f, 9n, and 9r. Dual inhibitory activity was observed in compound 9n (IC50=113.31 and 50.75 µM, against STAT3 and STAT5a, respectively). Prediction of physicochemical properties, drug likeness score, pharmacokinetic and toxic properties was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe F. Lamie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - John N. Philoppes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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15
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Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Masson F, Paciucci R, LLeonart ME. Insights into new mechanisms and models of cancer stem cell multidrug resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:166-180. [PMID: 31369817 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of genetic alterations, clonal evolution, and the tumor microenvironment promote cancer progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. These events correspond to the establishment of the great phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cells that contribute to tumor progression and resistant disease. Targeting resistant cancers is a major challenge in oncology; however, the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. Even though current treatments can reduce tumor size and increase life expectancy, relapse and multidrug resistance (MDR) ultimately remain the second cause of death in developed countries. Recent evidence points toward stem-like phenotypes in cancer cells, promoted by cancer stem cells (CSCs), as the main culprit of cancer relapse, resistance (radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and/or chemotherapy) and metastasis. Many mechanisms have been proposed for CSC resistance, such as drug efflux through ABC transporters, overactivation of the DNA damage response (DDR), apoptosis evasion, prosurvival pathways activation, cell cycle promotion and/or cell metabolic alterations. Nonetheless, targeted therapy toward these specific CSC mechanisms is only partially effective to prevent or abolish resistance, suggesting underlying additional causes for CSC resilience. This article aims to provide an integrated picture of the MDR mechanisms that operate in CSCs' behavior and to propose a novel model of tumor evolution during chemotherapy. Targeting the pathways mentioned here might hold promise and reveal new strategies for future clinical therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Masson
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Paciucci
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology, CIBERONC, Spain.
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16
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Brachet-Botineau M, Polomski M, Neubauer HA, Juen L, Hédou D, Viaud-Massuard MC, Prié G, Gouilleux F. Pharmacological Inhibition of Oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 Signaling in Hematopoietic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E240. [PMID: 31963765 PMCID: PMC7016966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 3 and 5 are important effectors of cellular transformation, and aberrant STAT3 and STAT5 signaling have been demonstrated in hematopoietic cancers. STAT3 and STAT5 are common targets for different tyrosine kinase oncogenes (TKOs). In addition, STAT3 and STAT5 proteins were shown to contain activating mutations in some rare but aggressive leukemias/lymphomas. Both proteins also contribute to drug resistance in hematopoietic malignancies and are now well recognized as major targets in cancer treatment. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations during the last decade. This review summarizes the current knowledge of oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 functions in hematopoietic cancers as well as advances in preclinical and clinical development of pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brachet-Botineau
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Marion Polomski
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ludovic Juen
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Damien Hédou
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gildas Prié
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
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17
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Jia ZX, Lu XZ, Cai XH, Qin W, Han WM, Xiao R, Zhou M, Xu W. [Mechanism of STAT3 phosphorylation mediated leukemia cells resistance to doxorubicin]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2020; 41:69-71. [PMID: 32023758 PMCID: PMC7357914 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z X Jia
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, China; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - X Z Lu
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - X H Cai
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - W Qin
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - W M Han
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - R Xiao
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - M Zhou
- Changzhou No.3 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - W Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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18
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Liu HW, Lee PM, Bamodu OA, Su YK, Fong IH, Yeh CT, Chien MH, Kan IH, Lin CM. Enhanced Hsa-miR-181d/p-STAT3 and Hsa-miR-181d/p-STAT5A Ratios Mediate the Anticancer Effect of Garcinol in STAT3/5A-Addicted Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121888. [PMID: 31783691 PMCID: PMC6966688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant grade IV tumor, is the most malignant brain tumor due to its hyper-proliferative and apoptosis-evading characteristics. The signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) family genes, including STAT3 and STAT5A, have been indicated to play important roles in GBM progression. Increasing number of reports suggest that garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone and major bioactive component of Garcinia indica contains potent anti-cancer activities. Material and Methods: The present study investigated the anti-GBM effects of garcinol, focusing on the STAT3/STAT5A activation, using a combination of bioinformatics, in vitro, and ex vivo assays. Results: Our bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)–GBM cohort (n = 173) showed that STAT3 and STAT5A are preferentially elevated in primary and recurrent GBM, compared to non-tumor brain tissues, and is significantly correlated with reduced overall survival. In support, our immunohistochemical staining of a GBM cohort (n = 45) showed an estimated 5.3-fold (p < 0.001) elevation in STAT3 and STAT5A protein expression in primary and recurrent GBM versus the non-tumor group. In vitro, garcinol treatment significantly suppressed the proliferative, invasive, and migratory potential of U87MG or GBM8401 cells, dose-dependently. In addition, garcinol anticancer effect significantly attenuated the GBM stem cell-like phenotypes, as reflected by diminished ability of U87MG or GBM8401 to form colonies and tumorspheres and suppressed expression of OCT4 and SOX2. Furthermore, analysis on GBM transcriptome revealed an inverse correlation between the level of STAT3/5A and hsa-miR-181d. Garcinol-mediated anti-GBM effects were associated with an increased hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratio. The results were further verified in vivo using U87MG mouse xenograft model where administration of garcinol significantly inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions: We present evidence of anti-GBM efficacy of garcinol mediated by enhancing the hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratios in GBM cells. Our findings suggest a potential new therapeutic agent for combating aggressive GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Peter Mingjui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, College of Medicine, California North State University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA;
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - I-Hung Kan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (I.-H.K.); (C.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8881) (I.-H.K.)
| | - Chien-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (I.-H.K.); (C.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8881) (I.-H.K.)
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Maurer B, Kollmann S, Pickem J, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V. STAT5A and STAT5B-Twins with Different Personalities in Hematopoiesis and Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1726. [PMID: 31690038 PMCID: PMC6895831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B have essential roles in survival and proliferation of hematopoietic cells-which have been considered largely redundant. Mutations of upstream kinases, copy number gains, or activating mutations in STAT5A, or more frequently in STAT5B, cause altered hematopoiesis and cancer. Interfering with their activity by pharmacological intervention is an up-and-coming therapeutic avenue. Precision medicine requests detailed knowledge of STAT5A's and STAT5B's individual functions. Recent evidence highlights the privileged role for STAT5B over STAT5A in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here, we provide an overview on their individual functions within the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maurer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Pickem
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Hoelbl-Kovacic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Polak KL, Chernosky NM, Smigiel JM, Tamagno I, Jackson MW. Balancing STAT Activity as a Therapeutic Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111716. [PMID: 31684144 PMCID: PMC6895889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by dysregulated IL-6 family member cytokine signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME), aberrant signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and (STAT5) activation have been identified as key contributors to tumorigenesis. Following transformation, persistent STAT3 activation drives the emergence of mesenchymal/cancer-stem cell (CSC) properties, important determinants of metastatic potential and therapy failure. Moreover, STAT3 signaling within tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils drives secretion of factors that facilitate metastasis and suppress immune cell function. Persistent STAT5 activation is responsible for cancer cell maintenance through suppression of apoptosis and tumor suppressor signaling. Furthermore, STAT5-mediated CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in suppression of immunosurveillance. We discuss these roles for STAT3 and STAT5, and weigh the attractiveness of different modes of targeting each cancer therapy. Moreover, we discuss how anti-tumorigenic STATs, including STAT1 and STAT2, may be leveraged to suppress the pro-tumorigenic functions of STAT3/STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Polak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Noah M Chernosky
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jacob M Smigiel
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Ilaria Tamagno
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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21
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Kim JH, Kim WS, Park C. Interleukin-6 mediates resistance to PI3K-pathway-targeted therapy in lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:936. [PMID: 31601188 PMCID: PMC6785854 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is associated with poor prognosis of hematologic malignancies, providing a strong rationale for the use of PI3K inhibitors in the treatment of malignant lymphoma. However, development of resistance limits the use of PI3K inhibitors in lymphoma patients. Methods We established copanlisib (pan-PI3K inhibitor)-resistant B-cell lymphoma and duvelisib (PI3Kδ and -γ inhibitor)-resistant T-cell lymphoma cell lines. The cytokine array and the phospho-kinase array were used to identify up-regulated proteins in the resistant cells. Cytokine expression and phospho-kinase levels were examined by ELISA and Western blot analysis, respectively. Cell proliferation capabilities were measured by using CCK-8 kit and colony formation assay. The effects of inhibitors on apoptosis were detected using an Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit and a flow cytometry system. The underlying mechanisms were studied by transfecting recombinant plasmids or siRNA into lymphoma cell lines. Cells were transiently transfected using the Amaxa electroporation system. We evaluated the effects of PI3K inhibitor alone and in combination with JAK inhibitor (BSK805) on lymphoma proliferation and signaling pathway activation. Results Cytokine arrays revealed upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6 in both copanlisib- and duvelisib-resistant cell lines. Phosphorylated STAT5, AKT, p70S6K and MAPK were increased in copanlisib-resistant B-cell lymphoma cells, whereas phosphorylated STAT3 and NF-κB were increased in duvelisib-resistant T cell lymphoma cells. Conversely, depletion of IL-6 sensitized both resistant cell lines, and led to downregulation of phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 in copanlisib- and duvelisib-resistant cells, respectively. Moreover, combined treatment with a JAK inhibitor (BSK805) and a PI3K inhibitor circumvented the acquired resistance to PI3K inhibitors in lymphoma, and concurrent inhibition of the activated pathways produced combined effects. Conclusions IL-6–induced STAT3 or STAT5 activation is a critical mechanism underlying PI3K inhibitor resistance in lymphoma, supporting the utility of IL-6 as an effective biomarker to predict therapeutic response to PI3K inhibitors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6057-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea. .,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Chaehwa Park
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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22
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Shimada A. Hematological malignancies and molecular targeting therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172641. [PMID: 31493406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) vastly improved the understanding of molecular mechanism of hematological malignancies. Many molecular targeting drugs have since been used in the clinic, which is timely as clinical outcomes using conventional chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) reached a plateau. The first memorable success in this field was imatinib, a first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), which has been applied in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) since 2001. Imatinib drastically changed CML treatment and many CML patients no longer require HSCT. Recently, the second generation TKIs, dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib, have also been available for CML patients. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is sub-categorized based on cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities. Chemotherapy and HSCT combined with TKI improved the event-free survival rate from 20% to 80% in Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive ALL. Reportedly, another Ph-like ALL subgroup with poor prognosis can also be treated by TKIs; additionally, cell therapies that include bispecific T-cell engagers or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy are emerging. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous disease and FMS-like related tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication, is the most robust marker for poor prognosis. Several first-generation TKIs have been studied for clinical use. Notably, chemotherapy plus midostaurin improved survival compared with chemotherapy alone. Therefore, midostaurin was approved to treat adult AML patients with FLT3-ITD in 2017. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, a selective anti-CD33 antibody-calicheamicin conjugate, is approved for clinical practice. Many molecular targeting agents are now being used for hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimada
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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23
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A Mouse Model to Assess STAT3 and STAT5A/B Combined Inhibition in Health and Disease Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091226. [PMID: 31443474 PMCID: PMC6770775 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs) lacking diseased-associated gene(s) globally or in a tissue-specific manner represent an attractive tool with which to assess the efficacy and toxicity of targeted pharmacological inhibitors. Stat3 and Stat5a/b transcription factors have been implicated in several pathophysiological conditions, and pharmacological inhibition of both transcription factors has been proposed to treat certain diseases, such as malignancies. To model combined inhibition of Stat3 and Stat5a/b we have developed a GEMM harboring a flox Stat3-Stat5a/b allele (Stat5/3loxP/loxP mice) and generated mice lacking Stat3 and Stat5a/b in hepatocytes (Stat5/3Δhep/Δhep). Stat5/3Δhep/Δhep mice exhibited a marked reduction of STAT3, STAT5A and STAT5B proteins in the liver and developed steatosis, a phenotype that resembles mice lacking Stat5a/b in hepatocytes. In addition, embryonic deletion of Stat3 and Stat5a/b (Stat5/3Δ/Δ mice) resulted in lethality, similar to Stat3Δ/Δ mice. This data illustrates that Stat5/3loxP/loxP mice are functional and can be used as a valuable tool to model the combined inhibition of Stat3 and Stat5a/b in tumorigenesis and other diseases.
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24
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Kawai H, Matsushita H, Suzuki R, Kitamura Y, Ogawa Y, Kawada H, Ando K. Overcoming Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in Transformed Cell Harboring SEPT9-ABL1 Chimeric Fusion Protein. Neoplasia 2019; 21:788-801. [PMID: 31276931 PMCID: PMC6611969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies harboring various ABL1 fusions are expected to be sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), similar to those with BCR-ABL1. However, SEPT9-ABL1 exhibits TKI resistance both in vitro and in vivo. SEPT9-ABL1 has the same ABL1 region as seen in BCR-ABL1 but no point mutation in its kinase domain, which is one of the main mechanisms underlying TKI resistance in the leukemic cells harboring BCR-ABL1. The purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanism underlying TKI resistance induced by SEPT9-ABL1. We focused on the TP53 status because TKI-induced apoptosis in BCR-ABL1–positive cells is achieved through TP53. Mouse TP53 homologue TRP53 was downregulated and less phosphorylated in the cells expressing SEPT9-ABL1 than in those with BCR-ABL1, resulting in the prevention of apoptosis induced by TKIs. The CRM1 inhibitor KPT-330 accumulated nuclear TRP53 and NFKB1A (also known as IκBα), which is thought to capture TRP53 in the cytoplasm, and induced apoptosis in the hematopoietic cells expressing SEPT9-ABL1. In addition, the combination treatment of KPT-330 and imatinib, which induced the marked nuclear accumulation of PP2A and SET, reactivated PP2A through its dephosphorylation and inhibited SET expression, resulting in the effective induction of the apoptosis in the cells expressing SEPT9-ABL1. The combination treatment with KPT-330 and imatinib successfully reduced the subcutaneous masses expressing SEPT9-ABL1 and extended the survival of the mice intraperitoneally transplanted with SEPT9-ABL1–expressing cells. These results show that therapy with CRM1 inhibitors may be effective for overcoming TKI resistance induced by SEPT9-ABL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Kawai
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Matsushita
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rikio Suzuki
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Kitamura
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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25
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Li X, Ding J, Li N, Liu W, Ding F, Zheng H, Ning Y, Wang H, Liu R, Ren S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of celastrol derivatives as anti-ovarian cancer stem cell agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:667-679. [PMID: 31279299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is associated with a high percentage of recurrence of tumors and resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer progression, tumor recurrence, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Thus, developing CSC-targeting therapy is an urgent need in cancer research and clinical application. In an attempt to achieve potent and selective anti-CSC agents, a series of celastrol derivatives with cinnamamide chains were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-ovarian cancer activities. Most of the compounds exhibited stronger antiproliferative activity than celastrol, and celastrol derivative 7g with a 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamamide side chain was found to be the most potent antiproliferative agent against ovarian cancer cells with an IC50 value of 0.6 μM. Additionally, compound 7g significantly inhibited the colony formation ability and reduced the number of tumor spheres. Furthermore, compound 7g decreased the percentage of CD44+, CD133+ and ALDH+ cells. Thus, compound 7g is a promising anti-CSC agent and could serve as a candidate for the development of new anti-ovarian cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Ding
- Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhao Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Renmin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoda Ren
- Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Li H, Zhang Z, Gao C, Wu S, Duan Q, Wu H, Wang C, Shen Q, Yin T. Combination chemotherapy of valproic acid (VPA) and gemcitabine regulates STAT3/Bmi1 pathway to differentially potentiate the motility of pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:50. [PMID: 31244991 PMCID: PMC6582499 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gemcitabine is the standard first-line chemotherapy regimen for pancreatic cancer. However, its therapeutic value is substantially limited in pancreatic cancer patients due to occurrence of resistance towards gemcitabine. A strategy of combined chemo-regimens is widely employed in clinical settings in attempt to reduce the chance of developing therapeutic resistance. Valproic acid (VPA) has been reported as a promising anticancer drug in various clinical trials and studies. However, the clinical value and potential dose-effect of VPA in combination with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer treatment are under investigated. RESULTS In this study, we determined the synergistic effect of VPA and gemcitabine and found that high-dose VPA significantly and dose-dependently enhanced the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Intriguingly, low-dose VPA potentiated the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells that already showed gemcitabine-induced motility. Moreover, low-dose VPA increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which activated AKT to further stimulate the activation of STAT3, Bmi1 expression and eventually promoted the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells induced by gemcitabine. Whereas high-dose VPA stimulated excessive ROS accumulation that promoted p38 activation, which suppressed the activation of STAT3 and Bmi1. CONCLUSION Pancreatic cancer cells respond differentially towards low- or high-dose of VPA in combination with gemcitabine, and a low VPA further potentiate pancreatic cancer cell to migrate and invade. Our results suggest that STAT3/Bmi1 signaling cascade, which is regulated by ROS-dependent, AKT- or p38-modulated pathways, primarily mediated the sensitivity and motility of pancreatic cancer cells towards combined gemcitabine and VPA regimen. These findings suggest a highly clinically relevant new mechanism of developing resistance against combined chemo-regimens, warranting further mechanistic and translational exploration for VPA in combination with gemcitabine and other chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Zhengle Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Chenggang Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Shihong Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Qingke Duan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
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Meenakshi Sundaram DN, Jiang X, Brandwein JM, Valencia-Serna J, Remant KC, Uludağ H. Current outlook on drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and potential therapeutic options. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1355-1369. [PMID: 31102734 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia cells are armed with several resistance mechanisms that can make current drugs ineffective. A better understanding of resistance mechanisms is yielding new approaches to management of the disease. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm the hallmark of which, the breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) oncogene, has been the target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which have significantly improved the survival of patients with CML. However, because of an increase in TKI resistance, it is becoming imperative to identify resistance mechanisms so that drug therapies can be better prescribed and new agents developed. In this review, we discuss the various BCR-ABL-dependent and -independent mechanisms of resistance observed in CML, and the range of therapeutic solutions available to overcome such resistance and to ultimately improve the survival of patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Juliana Valencia-Serna
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K C Remant
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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28
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Agarwal P, Isringhausen S, Li H, Paterson AJ, He J, Gomariz Á, Nagasawa T, Nombela-Arrieta C, Bhatia R. Mesenchymal Niche-Specific Expression of Cxcl12 Controls Quiescence of Treatment-Resistant Leukemia Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:769-784.e6. [PMID: 30905620 PMCID: PMC6499704 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) originates in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transformed by the breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-abelson (ABL) oncogene and is effectively treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs do not eliminate disease-propagating leukemic stem cells (LSCs), suggesting a deeper understanding of niche-dependent regulation of CML LSCs is required to eradicate disease. Cxcl12 is expressed in bone marrow niches and controls HSC maintenance, and here, we show that targeted deletion of Cxcl12 from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) reduces normal HSC numbers but promotes LSC expansion by increasing self-renewing cell divisions, possibly through enhanced Ezh2 activity. In contrast, endothelial cell-specific Cxcl12 deletion decreases LSC proliferation, suggesting niche-specific effects. During CML development, abnormal clusters of colocalized MSCs and LSCs form but disappear upon Cxcl12 deletion. Moreover, MSC-specific deletion of Cxcl12 increases LSC elimination by TKI treatment. These findings highlight a critical role of niche-specific effects of Cxcl12 expression in maintaining quiescence of TKI-resistant LSC populations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/physiology
- Organ Specificity
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Stem Cell Niche/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Agarwal
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephan Isringhausen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew J Paterson
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianbo He
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Álvaro Gomariz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - César Nombela-Arrieta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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29
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Gleixner KV, Sadovnik I, Schneeweiss M, Eisenwort G, Byrgazov K, Stefanzl G, Berger D, Herrmann H, Hadzijusufovic E, Lion T, Valent P. A kinase profile-adapted drug combination elicits synergistic cooperative effects on leukemic cells carrying BCR-ABL1 T315I in Ph+ CML. Leuk Res 2019; 78:36-44. [PMID: 30711891 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), resistance against second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) remains a serious clinical challenge, especially in the context of multi-resistant BCR-ABL1 mutants, such as T315I. Treatment with ponatinib may suppress most of these mutants, including T315I, but is also associated with a high risk of clinically relevant side effects. We screened for alternative treatment options employing available tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in combination. Dasatinib and bosutinib are two second-generation TKI that bind to different, albeit partially overlapping, spectra of kinase targets in CML cells. This observation prompted us to explore anti-leukemic effects of the combination dasatinib + bosutinib in highly resistant primary CML cells, various CML cell lines (K562, K562R, KU812, KCL22) and Ba/F3 cells harboring various BCR-ABL1 mutant-forms. We found that bosutinib synergizes with dasatinib in inducing growth inhibition and apoptosis in all CML cell lines and in Ba/F3 cells exhibiting BCR-ABL1T315I. Clear synergistic effects were also observed in primary CML cells in all patients tested (n = 20), including drug-resistant cells carrying BCR-ABL1T315I. Moreover, the drug combination produced cooperative or even synergistic apoptosis-inducing effects on CD34+/CD38- CML stem cells. Finally, we found that the drug combination is a potent approach to block the activity of major additional CML targets, including LYN, KIT and PDGFRα. Together, bosutinib and dasatinib synergize in producing anti-leukemic effects in drug-resistant CML cells. Whether such cooperative TKI effects also occur in vivo in patients with drug-resistant CML, remains to be determined in forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline V Gleixner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Schneeweiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiation Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Lion
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Jiang X, Cheng Y, Hu C, Zhang A, Ren Y, Xu X. MicroRNA-221 sensitizes chronic myeloid leukemia cells to imatinib by targeting STAT5. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:1709-1720. [PMID: 30516071 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1543875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various processes from the development to drug resistance of tumors, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this study, we examined the STAT5-related miRNA-expression profile in CML cell lines (K562 and imatinib-resistant K562/G) by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions. MiR-221 expression was markedly decreased in K562/G cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with treatment failure, when compared to imatinib-sensitive CML cells and patients with optimal responses respectively. We also observed the expression of STAT5 inversely correlated with miR-221 expression in K562 and KBM5 cells. Additionally, STAT5 was validated as a direct target of miR-221 in dual-luciferase reporter vector assays. MiR-221 restoration and STAT5 knockdown in K562/G cells increased the sensitivity of CML cells to imatinib by reducing the Bcl2: Bax ratio. Collectively, our data suggested that miR-221-STAT5 axis played crucial roles in controlling the sensitivity of CML cells to imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Jiang
- a Central Laboratory , Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Yanhong Cheng
- a Central Laboratory , Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Chaojie Hu
- a Central Laboratory , Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- a Central Laboratory , Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Yingli Ren
- a Central Laboratory , Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Xiucai Xu
- a Central Laboratory , Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
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31
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Abstract
Deficiency in a chromatin remodeling complex enhances tumor immunotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghorani
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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32
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Orlova A, Wingelhofer B, Neubauer HA, Maurer B, Berger-Becvar A, Keserű GM, Gunning PT, Valent P, Moriggl R. Emerging therapeutic targets in myeloproliferative neoplasms and peripheral T-cell leukemia and lymphomas. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 22:45-57. [PMID: 29148847 PMCID: PMC5743003 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1406924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hematopoietic neoplasms are often driven by gain-of-function mutations of the JAK-STAT pathway together with mutations in chromatin remodeling and DNA damage control pathways. The interconnection between the JAK-STAT pathway, epigenetic regulation or DNA damage control is still poorly understood in cancer cell biology. Areas covered: Here, we focus on a broader description of mutational insights into myeloproliferative neoplasms and peripheral T-cell leukemia and lymphomas, since sequencing efforts have identified similar combinations of driver mutations in these diseases covering different lineages. We summarize how these pathways might be interconnected in normal or cancer cells, which have lost differentiation capacity and drive oncogene transcription. Expert opinion: Due to similarities in driver mutations including epigenetic enzymes, JAK-STAT pathway activation and mutated checkpoint control through TP53, we hypothesize that similar therapeutic approaches could be of benefit in these diseases. We give an overview of how driver mutations in these malignancies contribute to hematopoietic cancer initiation or progression, and how these pathways can be targeted with currently available tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Orlova
- a Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics , University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,b Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research , Vienna , Austria
| | - Bettina Wingelhofer
- a Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics , University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,b Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research , Vienna , Austria
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- a Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics , University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,b Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research , Vienna , Austria
| | - Barbara Maurer
- c Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Angelika Berger-Becvar
- g Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga , Canada.,h Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - György Miklós Keserű
- d Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- g Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga , Canada.,h Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Peter Valent
- e Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,f Ludwig Boltzmann-Cluster Oncology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- a Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics , University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,b Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research , Vienna , Austria.,i Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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