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Seidizadeh O, Eikenboom JCJ, Denis CV, Flood VH, James P, Lenting PJ, Baronciani L, O'Donnell JS, Lillicrap D, Peyvandi F. von Willebrand disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:51. [PMID: 39054329 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. The disorder is characterized by excessive mucocutaneous bleeding. The most common bleeding manifestations of this condition include nosebleeds, bruising, bleeding from minor wounds, menorrhagia or postpartum bleeding in women as well as bleeding after surgery. Other less frequent symptoms include gastrointestinal bleeding, haematomas or haemarthroses. VWD pathophysiology is complex and results from defects in von Willebrand factor (VWF) glycoprotein. Quantitative deficiencies are responsible for type 1 VWD with a partial decrease of VWF and type 3 with the complete absence of VWF. Qualitative abnormalities cause type 2 VWD, being further divided into types 2A, 2B, 2M and 2N. Although common, VWD is at risk of misdiagnosis, overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis owing to several factors, including complex diagnosis, variability of bleeding symptoms, presence of external variables (blood groups and other physiological modifiers such as exercise, thyroid hormones, oestrogens, and ageing), and lack of disease awareness among non-specialist health-care providers. Establishing the correct VWD diagnosis requires an array of specialized phenotypic assays and/or molecular genetic testing of the VWF gene. The management of bleeding includes increasing endogenous VWF levels with desmopressin or infusion of exogenous VWF concentrates (plasma-derived or recombinant). Fibrinolytic inhibitors, topical haemostatic agents and hormonal therapies are used as effective adjunctive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Seidizadeh
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeroen C J Eikenboom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile V Denis
- Laboratory for Hemostasis, Inflammation & Thrombosis, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Veronica H Flood
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Paula James
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J Lenting
- Laboratory for Hemostasis, Inflammation & Thrombosis, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Luciano Baronciani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - James S O'Donnell
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Moser MM, Schoergenhofer C, Jilma B. Progress in von Willebrand Disease Treatment: Evolution towards Newer Therapies. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:720-732. [PMID: 38331000 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a very heterogenous disease, resulting in different phenotypes and different degrees of bleeding severity. Established therapies (i.e., desmopressin, antifibrinolytic agents, hormone therapy for heavy menstrual bleeding, and von Willebrand factor [VWF] concentrates) may work in some subtypes, but not in all patients. In recent years, progress has been made in improving the diagnosis of VWD subtypes, allowing for more specific therapy. The impact of VWD on women's daily lives has also come to the fore in recent years, with hormone therapy, tranexamic acid, or recombinant VWF as treatment options. New treatment approaches, including the replacement of lacking factor VIII (FVIII) function, may work in those subgroups affected by severe FVIII deficiency. Reducing the clearance of VWF is an alternative treatment pathway; for example, rondaptivon pegol is a VWFA1 domain-binding aptamer which not only improves plasma VWF/FVIII levels, but also corrects platelet counts in thrombocytopenic type 2B VWD patients. These approaches are currently in clinical development, which will be the focus of this review. In addition, half-life extension methods are also important for the improvement of patients' quality of life. Targeting specific mutations may further lead to personalized treatments in the future. Finally, a few randomized controlled trials, although relatively small, have been published in recent years, aiming to achieve a higher level of evidence in future guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Moser
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Thonon H, Van Nieuwenhove M, Thachil J, Lippi G, Hardy M, Mullier F. Hemostasis Testing in the Emergency Department: A Narrative Review. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024. [PMID: 38897223 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Routine laboratory screening is typically performed at initial evaluation of the vast majority of presentations to the emergency department (ED). These laboratory results are crucial to the diagnostic process, as they may influence up to 70% of clinical decisions. However, despite the usefulness of biological assessments, many tests performed are inappropriate or of doubtful clinical relevance. This overutilization rate of laboratory testing in hospitals, which represents a significant medical-economic burden, ranges from 20 to 67%, with coagulation tests at the top of the list. While reviews frequently focus on nonintensive care units, there are few published assessments of emergency-specific interventions or guidelines/guidance to date. The aim of this review is to highlight current recommendations for hemostasis evaluation in the emergency setting with a specific analysis of common situations leading to ED admissions, such as suspected venous thrombosis or severe bleeding. We revisit the evidence related to the assessment of patient's hemostatic capacity based on comprehensive history taking and physical examination as well as best practice recommendations for blood sample collection to ensure the reliability of results. This review also includes an examination of various currently available point of care tests and a comprehensive discussion on indications, limitations, and interpretation of these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Thonon
- Emergency Department, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Yvoir, Belgium
| | | | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michael Hardy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Yvoir, Belgium
| | - François Mullier
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Hematology Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle Mont, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Yvoir, Belgium
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4
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Platton S, Baker P, Bowyer A, Keenan C, Lawrence C, Lester W, Riddell A, Sutherland M. Guideline for laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of von Willebrand disease: A joint guideline from the United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation and the British Society for Haematology. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1714-1731. [PMID: 38532595 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Platton
- Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, London, UK
| | - Peter Baker
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Annette Bowyer
- Department of Coagulation, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Catriona Keenan
- Department of Haematology & the National Coagulation Centre, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Will Lester
- Haemophilia Unit, University Hospitals, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anne Riddell
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Megan Sutherland
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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5
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Tiede A, Susen S, Lisman T. Acquired bleeding disorders. Haemophilia 2024; 30 Suppl 3:29-38. [PMID: 38562115 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Acquired bleeding disorders can develop in previously healthy people irrespective of age or gender but are particularly common in patients with certain underlying conditions. Here, we review recent advances in the management of acquired haemophilia A (AHA), acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS), and patients with hemostatic abnormalities due to chronic liver disease (CLD). Patients with AHA can now benefit from prophylaxis with emicizumab, a therapeutic antibody that mimics the function of activated coagulation factor VIII. The treatment of AVWS remains challenging in many situations and requires careful consideration of the underlying condition. Haemostatic abnormalities in CLD are often compensated by proportional reduction in pro and anti-haemostatic factors resulting in sustained or even increased thrombin generation. Consequently, bleeding in CLD is rarely caused by haemostatic failure and infusion of plasma or coagulation factor concentrates may not be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tiede
- Department of Haematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Susen
- Hemostasis and Transfusion Department, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Ton Lisman
- Surgical Research Laboratory and Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Andreescu M, Andreescu B. A Review About the Assessment of the Bleeding and Thrombosis Risk for Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Scheduled for Surgery. Cureus 2024; 16:e56008. [PMID: 38606222 PMCID: PMC11007487 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) present a unique challenge in surgical management due to their inherent predisposition to both bleeding and thrombosis. MPNs are a heterogenous group of acquired clonal conditions. The three classic MPNs are essential thrombocythemia (ET), myelofibrosis (PMF), and polycythemia vera (PV). All subtypes of MPN are associated with both thrombotic and bleeding complications. There are four risk categories for thrombosis in MPN patients: age, thrombosis history, and JAK-2 mutation. They are further classified as very low, low, intermediate, and high risk. The genetic landscape of MPN is fascinating and complex like all myeloid disorders. Bleeding risk can be assessed through leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS), and a previous history of bleeding in a patient. Risk assessment and perioperative management are important aspects of improving the quality of life and preventing complications in surgeries. Preoperative management includes a risk assessment of venous thromboembolism, use of appropriate pharmacological treatment, platelet count control, and correction and cardiovascular risk factors. This review summarizes the assessment of bleeding and thrombosis risk for patients with MPNs scheduled for surgery. Furthermore, this review discusses various tools that can be used to identify MPN patients at risk of thrombosis prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Andreescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, ROU
- Hematology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
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Álvarez Román MT, Rivas Pollmar MI, De la Corte-Rodríguez H, Gómez-Cardero P, Rodríguez-Merchán EC, Gutiérrez-Alvariño M, García-Pérez E, Martín-Salces M, Zagrean D, Butta-Coll NV, Jiménez-Yuste V. Knee replacement surgery in a patient with acquired von Willebrand disease: a case study with recommendations for patient management. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1681-1686. [PMID: 38463081 PMCID: PMC10923270 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Acquired von Willebrand disease (AvWD) is a rare underdiagnosed bleeding disorder caused by alterations in the levels of the major blood-clotting protein von Willebrand factor (vWF). The clinical and laboratory parameters of AvWD are similar to congenital vWD, but it is found in individuals with no positive family history with no underlying genetic basis. The disease remains multifactorial and incompletely understood. Proposed mechanisms include the development of autoantibodies to vWF, absorption of high molecular weight vWF multimers that impair normal function, shear stress induced vWF cleavage and increased proteolysis.The aetiology of the disease is variable, the most common being hematoproliferation, lymophoproliferation, myeloproliferation and autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. Consensus and protocols for AvWD patients that require major surgery are currently lacking. Patients with AvWD can experience thrombotic events during surgery as a result of therapeutic interactions with pro-thrombotic risk factors. Case presentation Here, the authors report a patient with AvWD requiring a knee prosthesis implantation due to chronic pain, limited range of motion and functional impairment. The patient had a high risk of bleeding during surgery and was at risk of thrombosis due to age and obesity. Clinical discussion Perioperative care required a collaborative approach and the management of bleeding. The patient was administered vWF concentrate Willfact lacking Factor VIII to prevent haemorrhage and to minimize the risk of thrombosis. Conclusion The treatment was effective and well-tolerated. The authors use this information to provide recommendations for AvWD patients for whom major surgery is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán
- Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Autonomous University of Madrid)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Víctor Jiménez-Yuste
- Departments ofHematology
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Youn L, Kuta A, Srinivasan M, Mahatara R, Khalil M. Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome in a 17-Year-Old With Essential Thrombocythemia: A Case Report With Literature Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55668. [PMID: 38586809 PMCID: PMC10995757 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a rare bleeding disorder that is often underdiagnosed. AVWS typically occurs in adults without a family history of bleeding disorders and with associated conditions such as lymphoproliferative, myeloproliferative, and cardiovascular disorders. Here, we present a case of AVWS in a young patient with essential thrombocythemia and a literature review on AVWS in the setting of essential thrombocythemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Youn
- Internal Medicine, St. Bernards Medical Center, Jonesboro, USA
| | - Amber Kuta
- Internal Medicine, St. Bernards Medical Center, Jonesboro, USA
| | | | - Renuka Mahatara
- Internal Medicine, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Jonesboro, USA
| | - Mazen Khalil
- Hematology/Oncology, St. Bernards Medical Center, Jonesboro, USA
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Monti M, Massari E, Rosetti M, Clementoni A, Poletti G, Olivieri M, Conti D, Fasano T. Same Syndrome, Different Causes and Treatment: Path to Diagnosis and Management of Two Interesting Cases of Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:307-309. [PMID: 37640045 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Hub Laboratory, AUSL della Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Evita Massari
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Hub Laboratory, AUSL della Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Marco Rosetti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Hub Laboratory, AUSL della Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Alice Clementoni
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Hub Laboratory, AUSL della Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Poletti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Hub Laboratory, AUSL della Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Melania Olivieri
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Hub Laboratory, AUSL della Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Daniela Conti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Hub Laboratory, AUSL della Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fasano
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Hub Laboratory, AUSL della Romagna, Cesena, Italy
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10
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Kogan L, Price R, Kotchetkov R. Case report: Peri-procedural hydroxyurea helps minimize bleeding in patients with Essential Thrombocythemia associated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1326209. [PMID: 38361779 PMCID: PMC10867169 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1326209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Essential Thrombocythemia is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by an isolated excessive production of platelets. Extreme thrombocytosis is defined by having a platelet count greater than or equal to 1,000 x 109/L, which may lead to the development of acquired von Willebrand syndrome and complications of excessive hemorrhage. Case description A 74-year-old female patient was brought in for a bone marrow examination regarding elevated platelet count. She had no history of excessive bleeding. The physical exam was unremarkable with no petechiae or hematomas. Complete blood count showed platelet count 1,491x109/L. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were unremarkable, however, the patient developed bleeding from the biopsy site. Local pressure and an ice pack were ineffective, so she received 20 mcg of desmopressin subcutaneously, 1 unit of fresh frozen plasma and was started on tranexamic acid 1,000 mg orally every 8 hours. She was admitted for bleeding control and had another dose of desmopressin. Blood work showed elevated partial thromboplastin time and normal international normalized ratio. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome was suspected and a sample for von Willebrand disease was sent out. The next day her bleeding continued, and her Hb decreased from 145 to 89 g/L, she became symptomatic (tachycardic) and fatigued. The coagulation profile was consistent with acquired von Willebrand syndrome. Since she continued bleeding, she received 1 unit of packed red blood cells. A high dose of hydroxyurea (3g/day) was started urgently; within 24 hours platelet count was halved, and the bleeding resolved. Blood work was repeated 24 hours later and showed normalization of partial thromboplastin time and a normal Von Willebrand profile. Conclusion Patients with extreme thrombocytosis are at high risk of bleeding due to acquired Von Willebrand Syndrome. Initiation of hydroxyurea at the time of bone marrow exam helps to control platelet count and minimizes the risk of peri-procedural hemorrhage in high-risk Essential Thrombocythemia patients with suspected acquired Von Willebrand Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Kogan
- Department of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Russell Price
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON, Canada
| | - Rouslan Kotchetkov
- Simcoe Muskoka Regional Cancer Program, Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON, Canada
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11
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Ledergerber K, Hollinger A, Zimmermann S, Todorov A, Trutmann M, Gallachi L, Gschwandtner LA, Ryser LA, Gebhard CE, Bolliger D, Buser A, Tsakiris DA, Siegemund M. Impact of Additional Administration of von Willebrand Factor Concentrates to Thrombocyte Transfusion in Perioperative Bleeding in Cardiac Surgery. Transfus Med Hemother 2024; 51:22-31. [PMID: 38314243 PMCID: PMC10836859 DOI: 10.1159/000530810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is an important part of blood coagulation since it binds platelets to each other and to endothelial cells. In traumatic and surgical haemorrhage, both blood cells and plasmatic factors are consumed, leading to consumption coagulopathy and fluid resuscitation. This often results in large amounts of crystalloids and blood products being infused. Additional administration of vWF complex and platelets might mitigate this problem. We hypothesize that administration of vWF concentrate additionally to platelet concentrates reduces blood loss and the amount of blood products (platelets, red blood cells [RBC], fresh frozen plasma [FFP]) administered. Methods We conducted a monocentric 6-year retrospective data analysis of cardiac surgery patients. Included were all patients receiving platelet concentrates within 48 h postoperatively. Patients who additionally received vWF concentrates were allocated to the intervention group and all others to the control group. Groups were compared in mixed regression models correcting for known confounders, based on nearest neighbour propensity score matching. Primary endpoints were loss of blood (day one and two) and amount of needed blood products on day one and two (platelets, RBC, FFP). Secondary endpoints were intensive care unit (ICU) and in-hospital length of stay, ICU and in-hospital mortality, and absolute difference of platelet counts before and after treatment. Results Of 497 patients analysed, 168 (34%) received vWF concentrates. 121 patients in both groups were considered for nearest neighbour matching. Patients receiving additional vWF were more likely to receive more blood products (RBC, FFP, platelets) in the first 24 h after surgery and had around 200 mL more blood loss at the same time. Conclusion In this retrospective analysis, no benefit in additional administration of vWF to platelet concentrates on perioperative blood loss, transfusion requirement (platelets, RBC, FFP), length of stay, and mortality could be found. These findings should be verified in a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04555785).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa Hollinger
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Atanas Todorov
- Cardiovascular Gender Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maren Trutmann
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gallachi
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Caroline Eva Gebhard
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bolliger
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buser
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service of the Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Athanasios Tsakiris
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Siegemund
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Baioumi A, Kolenova A, Avatapalle HB. An unusual cause of bleeding in primary hypothyroidism. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 33:71-75. [PMID: 38572381 PMCID: PMC10985014 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2023-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A 10-yr-old female was referred due to prolonged bleeding lasting for a week following tooth extraction. She had heavy periods since she was 9. Her height was < 0.4th centile. Tanner staging was breast stage B3-4, axillary hair A1, and pubic hair P1. Thyroid function tests showed elevated TSH, low free T4, and negative anti-TPO antibodies. Gonadotrophins showed high FSH and a prepubertal LH. Prolactin was high and ovarian cysts were found on ultrasound. Further investigations revealed low von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen levels, leading to a diagnosis of acquired von Willebrand disease. She was started on levothyroxine therapy, with normalization of vWF antigen levels, prolactin levels, cessation of her menstrual periods and resolution of ovarian cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Baioumi
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alzbeta Kolenova
- Paediatric Department, Bronglais Hospital, Hywel Dda University Health Board, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Hima Bindu Avatapalle
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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13
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Zhou KI, Kapoor S, Onwuemene OA. Surprise diagnosis of acquired von Willebrand syndrome in a patient previously thought to have type III von Willebrand disease: evaluation and periprocedural management. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e257760. [PMID: 38056930 PMCID: PMC10711894 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a rare disorder that is characterised by an acquired deficiency of von Willebrand factor. AVWS was suspected in a patient with type III von Willebrand disease (VWD) who did not respond to factor replacement therapy. Given the crucial implications for management, we describe this patient's clinical presentation, diagnosis and periprocedural management. To facilitate pericardiocentesis, periprocedural management included steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and factor replacement therapy. In other patients with suspected immune-mediated AVWS, a similar approach may be effective. This case also highlights the importance of distinguishing AVWS from inherited VWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ismei Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sargam Kapoor
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Drop JG, Wildschut ED, de Maat MPM, van Rosmalen J, de Boode WP, de Hoog M, Heleen van Ommen C. Acquired von Willebrand disease in children undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective observational study. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3383-3392. [PMID: 37579879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides cardiopulmonary support for children with severe cardiac and/or pulmonary failure. The incidence of bleeding complications during ECMO support is high. Acquired von Willebrand disease (AVWD) might contribute to the development of bleeding complications. OBJECTIVE To study the incidence and longitudinal profile of AVWD during the first 14 days of ECMO support in children and to investigate the association between AVWD and bleeding complications. METHODS This prospective observational study included pediatric patients (0-17 years) receiving ECMO. Blood was sampled prior to and after ECMO start, daily and 12 to 24 hours after stopping ECMO. von Willebrand factor (VWF) parameters and multimer patterns were determined. Clinical data were collected for each patient. AVWD was defined as loss of high-molecular weight multimers (ie, decreased compared with baseline) or a VWF:collagen binding/VWF: antigen (Ag) ratio or VWF:activity/VWF:Ag ratio below 0.7. RESULTS All of 50 (100%) patients developed AVWD during ECMO. The VWF:collagen binding /VWF:Ag ratio, VWF:activity/VWF:Ag ratio, and high-molecular weight multimers decreased during the initial days and recovered to baseline level within 24 hours after stopping ECMO. The incidence and longitudinal profile of AVWD were similar in patients with and without major bleeding complications. CONCLUSION Children receiving ECMO support commonly develop AVWD. AVWD develops rapidly after ECMO initiation and recovers quickly after ECMO cessation. Importantly, AVWD appears to be independent of major bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joppe G Drop
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive care and Pediatric surgery, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Enno D Wildschut
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive care and Pediatric surgery, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Moniek P M de Maat
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost van Rosmalen
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem P de Boode
- Division of Neonatology, Dept. of Perinatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs de Hoog
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive care and Pediatric surgery, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Heleen van Ommen
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Bannow BS, Konkle BA. How I approach bleeding in hospitalized patients. Blood 2023; 142:761-768. [PMID: 36652635 PMCID: PMC10562531 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive bleeding is relatively common in adult inpatients, whether as the primary reason for admission or as a development during the hospital stay. Common causes include structural issues, medication effects, and systemic illnesses; occasionally, unexpected bleeding can develop as a result of an undiagnosed or newly acquired bleeding disorder. The first step in caring for the inpatient who is bleeding is to determine whether the bleeding symptom is truly new or whether the patient has a history of abnormal bleeding. Patients with a history of abnormal bleeding may warrant evaluation for inherited bleeding disorders, such as platelet function disorders, von Willebrand disease, hemophilia, or rare factor deficiencies. Patients with no history of bleeding, for whom other causes, such as liver dysfunction, medication effect, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or certain vitamin deficiencies have been ruled out may require evaluation for acquired coagulopathies, such as acquired hemophilia or acquired von Willebrand disease. Here, we present 3 cases to discuss the diagnosis and management of the 2 most common acquired bleeding disorders as well as a patient with a congenital bleeding disorder with a historical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Samuelson Bannow
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Barbara A Konkle
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington Center for Bleeding Disorders, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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16
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Mennitti C, Miele C, Scarano C, Veneruso I, Gentile A, Mormile R, Saviano F, D’Alicandro G, Mazzaccara C, Frisso G, Capasso F, D’Argenio V, Scudiero O. Integrated Approach to Highlighting the Molecular Bases of a Deep Vein Thrombosis Event in an Elite Basketball Athlete. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12256. [PMID: 37569632 PMCID: PMC10419060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute or intense exercise can result in metabolic imbalances, muscle injuries, or reveal hidden disorders. Laboratory medicine in sports is playing an increasingly crucial role in monitoring athletes' health conditions. In this study, we designed an integrated approach to explore the causes of a deep venous thrombosis event in an elite basketball player. Since the complete blood count revealed a marked platelet count (838 × 103 µL), and thrombophilia screening tests did not reveal any significant alteration, we evaluated the thrombin generation, which highlights a state of hypercoagulability. First-level haemostasis exams showed only a slight prolongation of the activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). Thus, screening tests for von Willebrand Disease showed a reduction in vWF parameters. Therefore, we directed our hypothesis towards a diagnosis of acquired von Willebrand disease secondary to Essential Thrombocythemia (ET). To confirm this hypothesis and highlight the molecular mechanism underlying the observed phenotype, molecular tests were performed to evaluate the presence of the most common mutations associated with ET, revealing a 52-bp deletion in the coding region of CALR exon 9. This case report highlights the importance of an integrated approach to monitoring the athletes' health status to personalise training and treatments, thus avoiding the appearance of diseases and injuries that, if underestimated, can undermine the athlete's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (I.V.); (O.S.)
| | - Ciro Miele
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (I.V.); (O.S.)
- UOC Laboratory Medicine, Hematology and Laboratory Haemostasis and Special Investigations, AOU Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Scarano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (I.V.); (O.S.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Iolanda Veneruso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (I.V.); (O.S.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gentile
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (I.V.); (O.S.)
| | - Rosaria Mormile
- Hematology, Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Saviano
- UOC Laboratory Medicine, Hematology and Laboratory Haemostasis and Special Investigations, AOU Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D’Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (I.V.); (O.S.)
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (I.V.); (O.S.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Capasso
- UOC Laboratory Medicine, Hematology and Laboratory Haemostasis and Special Investigations, AOU Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria D’Argenio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (I.V.); (O.S.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
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17
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Omolehinwa TT, Dayo A, Adegite E. Patient with von Willebrand Disease Presenting for Selective Scaling and Root Planning. Dent Clin North Am 2023; 67:469-472. [PMID: 37244717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Von Willebrand disease is a platelet phase bleeding disorder, affecting platelet aggregation and adhesion. It can be inherited or acquired in origin. Patients with von Willebrand disease can be successfully treated in a dental setting. This article discusses the dental management of a 74-year-old white woman presenting with pain and gingival erythema in the maxillary anterior area. The article emphasizes the importance of consultation with the hematologist in treating patients with von Willebrand disease, and understanding that disease severity varies in patients. A patient-specific protocol recommended by the hematologist should be followed for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeyinka Dayo
- Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enitan Adegite
- Drexel University, St Christopher's Children Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Ocran E, Chornenki NLJ, Bowman M, Sholzberg M, James P. Gastrointestinal bleeding in von Willebrand patients: special diagnostic and management considerations. Expert Rev Hematol 2023; 16:575-584. [PMID: 37278227 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2023.2221846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe and recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding caused by angiodysplasia is a significant problem in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) and in those with acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). At present, angiodysplasia-related GI bleeding is often refractory to standard treatment including replacement therapy with von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrates and continues to remain a major challenge and cause of significant morbidity in patients despite advances in diagnostics and therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews the available literature on GI bleeding in VWD patients, examines the molecular mechanisms implicated in angiodysplasia-related GI bleeding, and summarizes existing strategies in the management of bleeding GI angiodysplasia in patients with VWF abnormalities. Suggestions are made for further research directions. EXPERT OPINION Bleeding from angiodysplasia poses a significant challenge for individuals with abnormal VWF. Diagnosis remains a challenge and may require multiple radiologic and endoscopic investigations. Additionally, there is a need for enhanced understanding at a molecular level to identify effective therapies. Future studies of VWF replacement therapies using newer formulations as well as other adjunctive treatments to prevent and treat bleeding will hopefully improve care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Ocran
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | - Michelle Sholzberg
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, St. Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paula James
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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19
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Giridharan GA, Berg IC, Ismail E, Nguyen KT, Hecking J, Kirklin JK, Cheng X, Sethu P. Loss of pulsatility with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices and the significance of the arterial endothelium in von-Willebrand factor production and degradation. Artif Organs 2023; 47:640-648. [PMID: 36404709 PMCID: PMC10065921 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients on continuous flow ventricular assist devices (CF-VADs) are at high risk for the development of Acquired von-Willebrand Syndrome (AVWS) and non-surgical bleeding. von Willebrand Factor (vWF) plays an essential role in maintaining hemostasis via platelet binding to the damaged endothelium to facilitate coagulation. In CF-VAD patients, degradation of vWF into low MW multimers that are inefficient in facilitating coagulation occurs and has been primarily attributed to the supraphysiological shear stress associated with the CF-VAD impeller. METHODS In this review, we evaluate information from the literature regarding the unraveling behavior of surface-immobilized vWF under pulsatile and continuous flow pertaining to: (A) the process of arterial endothelial vWF production and release into circulation, (B) the critical shear stress required to unravel surface bound versus soluble vWF which leads to degradation, and (C) the role of pulsatility in on the production and degradation of vWF. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggests that the loss of pulsatility and its impact on arterial endothelial cells plays an important role in the production, release, unraveling, and proteolytic degradation of vWF into low MW multimers, contributing to the development of AVWS. Restoration of pulsatility can potentially mitigate this issue by preventing AVWS and minimizing the risk of non-surgical bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guruprasad A. Giridharan
- Department of Bioengineering, J. B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Ian C. Berg
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Esraa Ismail
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18018
| | - Khanh T. Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jana Hecking
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - James K. Kirklin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18018
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18018
| | - Palaniappan Sethu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
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20
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Saldanha A, Veiga ME, Okazaki E, Rothschild C, Martinez G, Rocha V, Orsi FA, Villaca P. Acquired von willebrand syndrome secondary to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: long-term remission after treatment with bortezomib. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2023; 55:770-774. [PMID: 37000318 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a plasma cell disorder that can precede the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. MGUS is characterized by the presence of a monoclonal paraprotein without evidence of multiple myeloma or other lymphoplasmacytic malignancies. Even though MGUS is an asymptomatic condition that does not require management strategies other than periodic follow-up to prevent complications, secondary nonmalignant diseases may arise, requiring control of the plasma cell clone. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a rare bleeding disorder that occurs in patients with no prior personal or family history of bleeding. It is associated with several other disorders, such as neoplasia, mainly hematological (including MGUS and other lymphoproliferative disorders), autoimmune, infectious and cardiac diseases. At diagnosis, patients usually present with cutaneous and mucosal bleeding, including gastrointestinal bleeding. Here, we report a case of a patient with MGUS who developed AVWS after one year of follow-up. The patient was refractory to glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide and achieved remission only after monoclonal paraprotein was eradicated following treatment with bortezomib and dexamethasone. Our report sdemonstrates that, for refractory cases, eradication of the monoclonal paraprotein may be necessary to treat bleeding complications due to MGUS-associated AVWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Saldanha
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Veiga
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erica Okazaki
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Rothschild
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gracia Martinez
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Orsi
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Hematology and Hemotherapy, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 155. Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 13083-887, 05403-000, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Paula Villaca
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Perlot Q, Hermans C, Vekemans MC. Manifestations rares des gammapathies monoclonales : à propos de 2 cas et revue de la littérature. Rev Med Interne 2023:S0248-8663(23)00088-7. [PMID: 37005096 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoclonal gammopathies are common over the age of 50. Patients are usually asymptomatic. However, some patients present with secondary clinical manifestations, which are now grouped under the entity « Monoclonal Gammopathy of Clinical Significance » (MGCS). CASE REPORT Here, we report two rare cases of MGCS: an acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) and an acquired angioedema (AAE). CONCLUSION The discovery of a decrease in von Willebrand activity (vWF:RCo) or angioedema in a patient over 50 years of age, in the absence of a family history, should prompt a search for a hemopathy and in particular, a monoclonal gammopathy.
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22
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Oganesyan A, Gregory A, Malard F, Ghahramanyan N, Mohty M, Kazandjian D, Mekinian A, Hakobyan Y. Monoclonal gammopathies of clinical significance (MGCS): In pursuit of optimal treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1045002. [PMID: 36505449 PMCID: PMC9728929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS) represents a new clinical entity referring to a myriad of pathological conditions associated with the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The establishment of MGCS expands our current understanding of the pathophysiology of a range of diseases, in which the M protein is often found. Aside from the kidney, the three main organ systems most affected by monoclonal gammopathy include the peripheral nervous system, skin, and eye. The optimal management of these MGUS-related conditions is not known yet due to the paucity of clinical data, the rarity of some syndromes, and limited awareness among healthcare professionals. Currently, two main treatment approaches exist. The first one resembles the now-established therapeutic strategy for monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS), in which chemotherapy with anti-myeloma agents is used to target clonal lesion that is thought to be the culprit of the complex clinical presentation. The second approach includes various systemic immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive options, including intravenous immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, or biological agents. Although some conditions of the MGCS spectrum can be effectively managed with therapies aiming at the etiology or pathogenesis of the disease, evidence regarding other pathologies is severely limited to individual patient data from case reports or series. Future research should pursue filling the gap in knowledge and finding the optimal treatment for this novel clinical category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Oganesyan
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia,Department Of Adult Hematology, Hematology Center after Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia,*Correspondence: Artem Oganesyan,
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Florent Malard
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Cellular Therapy, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Nerses Ghahramanyan
- Department Of Adult Hematology, Hematology Center after Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Cellular Therapy, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Dickran Kazandjian
- Myeloma Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Arsène Mekinian
- Department of Internal Medicine (DMU i3), Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France,French-Armenian Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Yervand Hakobyan
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia,Department Of Adult Hematology, Hematology Center after Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
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23
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Jones E, Dillon B, Swan D, Thachil J. Practical management of the haemorrhagic complications of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:313-321. [PMID: 35724983 PMCID: PMC9796684 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms can be associated with bleeding manifestations which can cause significant morbidities. Although haematologists are aware of the likelihood of this complication in the setting of myeloproliferative neoplasms, it may often be overlooked especially in patients with no extreme elevation of blood counts and those with myelofibrosis. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome and platelet dysfunction are the two common diagnoses to be considered in this regard. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms for the development of these rare bleeding disorders, their diagnosis and practical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Jones
- Department of HaematologySt James' HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Bryan Dillon
- Department of HaematologySt James' HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Dawn Swan
- National University IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of HaematologyManchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
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24
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Green A, Shen YMP, Nelson AT, Sarode R, Ibrahim IF, Cao J, Afraz S, Yates SG. Successful use of lenalidomide to treat refractory acquired von Willebrand disease associated with monoclonal gammopathy. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:2627-2631. [PMID: 36194257 PMCID: PMC9530414 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by quantitative or qualitative defects of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a protein crucial for normal hemostasis. AVWS has been described in association with several pathologic entities with varied mechanisms. Among these, lymphoproliferative disorders are the most common, with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) being the most frequently reported. AVWS in this setting is commonly associated with the development of bleeding that is clinically challenging to manage due to accelerated clearance of vWF, limiting the utility of many conventional treatment modalities such as DDAVP or vWF/FVIII. We report a case of a 43-year-old male who was sent to our institution for new-onset easy bruising and laboratories concerning for von Willebrand disease (vWD). Further diagnostic workup revealed evidence of an IgG monoclonal gammopathy and findings suggestive of vWF inhibition. Ultimately, he was found to have monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS)-associated AVWS refractory to conventional treatment but responsive to lenalidomide and dexamethasone. This case suggests that lenalidomide may be suitable for patients with AVWS secondary to MGCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Green
- Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yu-Min P Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew T Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ravi Sarode
- Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ibrahim F Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Sajjad Afraz
- Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Sean G Yates
- Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Voigtländer M, Langer F. [Cancer-associated coagulation disorders]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 73:809-819. [PMID: 36102956 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of paraneoplastic coagulation disorders are a challenge in daily practice. While prophylactic anticoagulation to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) is standard of care in all surgical and acutely ill medical cancer patients, particularly careful evaluation of risks and benefits using validated risk assessment models is required during outpatient chemotherapy. Low-molecular-weight heparin and direct oral factor Xa inhibitors are available to treat established cancer-associated VTE, adhering to algorithms for bleeding risk stratification. In patients with overt disseminated intravascular coagulation, therapeutic measures should strictly follow clinical symptoms. An acquired von Willebrand syndrome may evoke a severe bleeding tendency in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms or plasma cell dyscrasias. In 15% of cases, acquired hemophilia A, due to the formation of inhibitory autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII, is associated with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Voigtländer
- Zentrum für Onkologie - Universitäres Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Florian Langer
- Zentrum für Onkologie - Universitäres Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
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26
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Arruda VR, Lillicrap D, Herzog RW. Immune complications and their management in inherited and acquired bleeding disorders. Blood 2022; 140:1075-1085. [PMID: 35793465 PMCID: PMC9461471 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of coagulation, resulting in serious risks for bleeding, may be caused by autoantibody formation or by mutations in genes encoding coagulation factors. In the latter case, antidrug antibodies (ADAs) may form against the clotting factor protein drugs used in replacement therapy, as is well documented in the treatment of the X-linked disease hemophilia. Such neutralizing antibodies against factors VIII or IX substantially complicate treatment. Autoantibody formation against factor VIII leads to acquired hemophilia. Although rare, antibody formation may occur in the treatment of other clotting factor deficiencies (eg, against von Willebrand factor [VWF]). The main strategies that have emerged to address these immune responses include (1) clinical immune tolerance induction (ITI) protocols; (2) immune suppression therapies (ISTs); and (3) the development of drugs that can improve hemostasis while bypassing the antibodies against coagulation factors altogether (some of these nonfactor therapies/NFTs are antibody-based, but they are distinct from traditional immunotherapy as they do not target the immune system). Choice of immune or alternative therapy and criteria for selection of a specific regimen for inherited and autoimmune bleeding disorders are explained. ITI serves as an important proof of principle that antigen-specific immune tolerance can be achieved in humans through repeated antigen administration, even in the absence of immune suppression. Finally, novel immunotherapy approaches that are still in the preclinical phase, such as cellular (for instance, regulatory T cell [Treg]) immunotherapies, gene therapy, and oral antigen administration, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valder R Arruda
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; and
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Ghariani I, Braham N, Veyradier A, Bekir L. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome: Five cases report and literature review. Thromb Res 2022; 218:145-150. [PMID: 36049419 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome is a rare bleeding disorder with laboratory findings similar to those of inherited von Willebrand disease. Principal factors distinguishing acquired von Willebrand syndrome from the latter condition include lack of prior bleeding disorders, diagnosis at older age, negative family history and association with underlying conditions. METHODS Retrospective, monocentric descriptive case series of acquired von Willebrand syndrome diagnosed between 2010 and 2020. Diagnostic criteria included a recent history of bleeding, a negative family history and a presence of underlying disorders. RESULTS Five men were diagnosed with acquired von Willebrand syndrome. All of them presented with recent mucocutaneous bleeding. The biological phenotype was a type 2 von Willebrand disease in all cases, with decreased VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag and VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratios (<0.7). Lymphoproliferative, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases were the main underlying conditions identified. Screening for an anti-von Willebrand factor inhibitor was positive in two patients. Four patients received treatment for the underlying disorder. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulins were the most frequent treatment administrated. Improvement of plasma von Willebrand factor levels was observed in four cases. CONCLUSION Acquired von Willebrand syndrome is a rare but potentially serious disease. The diagnostic should be suspected in adults with unusual mucocutaneous bleeding associated with lymphoproliferative, myeloproliferative, autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ghariani
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, University Hospital of Mongi Slim, La Marsa, Tunisia; University of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Néjia Braham
- University of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Laboratory Hematology, University Hospital of Farhat Hached, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Agnès Veyradier
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Leila Bekir
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, University Hospital of Mongi Slim, La Marsa, Tunisia; University of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
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Nicol C, Pan-Petesch B, Ianotto JC. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome and lymphoid neoplasms: A review of malignancy management, and propositions of practical recommendations. Haemophilia 2022; 28:938-949. [PMID: 36006003 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AWS) is a rare and potentially life-threatening bleeding disorder. AWS is primarily associated with lymphocyte-related disorders (AWS-LRD), such as lymphoma and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and plasmocyte-related disorders (AWS-PRD), such as non-IgM MGUS and myeloma. Symptomatic treatments are important to control and prevent bleeding, but AWS-LRD and AWS-PRD can only be cured by targeting the responsible clonal cell. No reviews exist on this specific subgroup of AWS. AIM We performed a literature review to help manage these rare cases. METHOD Thirty-two AWS-PRD and 43 AWS-LRD cases with data on malignancy treatment were reported in 56 articles from the Medline database. RESULTS LRDs were exclusively indolent and primarily associated with IgM monoclonal compounds. LRDs and PRDs may be treated because of severe bleeding symptoms, but severe VWF deficiency did not necessarily correlate with severe bleeding. Immunosuppressive drugs in AWS-PRD, including rituximab, provided an overall response rate of AWS (AWS-ORR) of 30% (3/10), including short responses. Anti-myeloma drugs provided an AWS-ORR of 71.4% (20/28), with long-lasting remissions. Bortezomib was the most commonly used drug and provided an AWS-ORR of 66.7% (6/9), including therapeutic associations with other anti-myeloma drugs. Autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed in eight and two patients, respectively, and some details on the management of AWS during these procedures were provided. Rituximab in AWS-LRD provided an AWS-ORR of 60% (3/5), and a chemotherapy + rituximab regimen increased the AWS-ORR to above 50%. Bleeding syndrome in AWS-PRD and AWS-LRD generally improved prior to AWS biological improvement. CONCLUSION Long term remission of AWS due to lymphoid neoplasms is attainable by treating the underlying clonal cell. Some data and recommendations are provided to help answer difficult questions, including treatment timing, choice of drug, and the timing of evaluations and treatment changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Nicol
- Service d'Onco-Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier des Pays de Morlaix, Morlaix, France
| | - Brigitte Pan-Petesch
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Institut de Cancéro-Hématologie, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.,Centre de ressources et de compétence des maladies hémorragiques, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
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Successful Chemical Synovectomy in a Patient with Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome with Chronic Synovitis Due to Recurrent Knee Hemarthrosis: A Case Report. Rheumatol Ther 2022; 9:1465-1474. [PMID: 35947268 PMCID: PMC9510071 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-022-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a rare, non-hereditary bleeding disorder related to heterogeneous medical conditions such as hematological malignancies and cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. We describe the clinical course of a 62-year-old man with polycythemia vera who experienced post-traumatic knee and leg swelling due to hemarthrosis. He was treated at another center with low molecular weight heparin due to misdiagnosed deep vein thrombosis further exacerbating the ongoing bleeding. At our center, he was diagnosed with AVWS with reduced von Willebrand factor (VWF):GPIbR plasma activity and loss of high molecular weight multimers (HMWM). He was treated with compressive bandages with resolution. Five months later, on clinical recurrence of knee and leg swelling, knee ultrasound scan showed the presence of chronic synovitis and a hemorrhagic Baker's cyst with signs of rupture. The treatment consisted of chemical synovectomy with rifampicin and steroids preceded by systemic replacement therapy using plasma-derived factor VIII-VWF concentrate. At the end of the treatment cycle, our patient reported complete resolution of knee pain and restoration of joint range of motion and function. Ultrasound evaluation confirmed complete resolution of knee capsule distension and Baker's cyst. Hemarthrosis is an anecdotal presentation of AVWS and chemical synovectomy was successful in treating this complication. A multidisciplinary approach allowed an effective management of this rare complication.
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Khadadah F, Rupani N, Scott J, Trinkaus M, Teitel J, Sholzberg M. Lymphoma‐associated acquired von Willebrand syndrome responsive to splenectomy: A case report. EJHAEM 2022; 3:996-999. [PMID: 36051021 PMCID: PMC9421994 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khadadah
- Division of Hematology Kuwait Cancer Control Centre Shuwaikh Kuwait
| | - Natasha Rupani
- Division of Hematology Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Jordan Scott
- Division of Hematology Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Martina Trinkaus
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Jerome Teitel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Michelle Sholzberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto Toronto Canada
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Comerford C, Glavey S, Quinn J, O’Sullivan JM. The role of VWF/FVIII in thrombosis and cancer progression in multiple myeloma and other hematological malignancies. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1766-1777. [PMID: 35644028 PMCID: PMC9546473 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer associated thrombosis (CAT) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, highlighting an unmet clinical need to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of CAT. Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with one of the highest rates of thrombosis despite widespread use of thromboprophylactic agents. The pathophysiology of thrombosis in MM is multifactorial and patients with MM appear to display a hypercoagulable phenotype with potential contributory factors including raised von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels, activated protein C resistance, impaired fibrinolysis, and abnormal thrombin generation. In addition, the toxic effect of anti-myeloma therapies on the endothelium and contribution to thrombosis has been widely described. Elevated VWF/factor VIII (FVIII) plasma levels have been reported in heterogeneous cohorts of patients with MM and other hematological malignancies. In specific studies, high plasma VWF levels have been shown to associate with VTE risk and reduced overall survival. While the mechanisms underpinning this remain unclear, dysregulation of the VWF and A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease Thrombospondin type 1, motif 13 (ADAMTS-13) axis is evident in certain solid organ malignancies and correlates with advanced disease and thrombosis. Furthermore, thrombotic microangiopathic conditions arising from deficiencies in ADAMTS-13 and thus an accumulation of prothrombotic VWF multimers have been reported in patients with MM, particularly in association with specific myeloma therapies. This review will discuss current evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning thrombosis in MM and in particular summarize the role of VWF/FVIII in hematological malignancies with a focus on thrombotic risk and emerging evidence for contribution to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Comerford
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
- Department of HaematologyBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Siobhan Glavey
- Department of HaematologyBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- School of PathologyRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - John Quinn
- Department of HaematologyBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- School of MedicineRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Jamie M. O’Sullivan
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
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32
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Best practice & research: Clinical hematology review on thrombosis and bleeding in hematological malignancy. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2022; 35:101353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2022.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kalbhenn J, Zieger B. Bleeding During Veno-Venous ECMO: Prevention and Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:879579. [PMID: 35677828 PMCID: PMC9168900 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.879579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) has become a routine treatment for severe lung failure in specialized centers. Spontaneous bleeding complications, however, are observed in 30–60% of patients during vvECMO treatment. Bleeding increases mortality by factors 2–3. Anticoagulation in combination with several acquired bleeding disorders caused by the mechanical pump and the foreign layer of the extracorporeal system contribute to the risk of bleeding. In this review, the mechanisms of the underlying pathologies and the route from diagnosis to treatment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kalbhenn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- *Correspondence: Johannes Kalbhenn ; orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-5082
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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34
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Marten S, Teipel R, Tiebel O, Trautmann-Grill K. Successful treatment of acquired von Willebrand syndrome in multiple myeloma. THROMBOSIS UPDATE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tru.2022.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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35
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Laporte P, Tuffigo M, Ryman A, Fiore M, Riviere E, James C, Guy A. HemosIL VWF:GPIbR assay has a greater sensitivity than VWF:RCo technique to detect acquired von Willebrand syndrome in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1673-1682. [PMID: 35322397 DOI: 10.1055/a-1806-9972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is frequent in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). For VWF functional evaluation, ristocetin cofactor activity by aggregometry (VWF: RCo) is considered the gold standard but have limitations, and automated activities measurement has been developed such as the HemosIl VWF:RCo Werfen® with particle agglutination (VWF:GPIbR). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of VWF:GPIbR with HemosIL VWF:RCo Werfen® (VWF:GPIbR) versus VWF:RCo in patients with thrombocytosis in the context of MPNs (T-MPNs) and in patients with secondary thrombocytosis (ST). PATIENTS/METHODS MPNs patients with thrombocytosis >450 G/L (T-MPNs) were compared to patients with secondary thrombocytosis (ST) due to inflammation or iron deficiency. VWF activity (VWF:Act) was analyzed using VWF:RCo or VWF:GPIbR. VWF analysis was completed by analysis of VWF multimers and VWF collagen binding (CB) assay (VWF:CB). RESULTS 33 T-MPNs and 18 ST patients were included. Compared to aggregometry, evaluation of VWF:Act by VWF:GPIbR leaded to lower values in T-MPNs patients, but also in ST patients. Interestingly, whereas VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratio did not reveal differences between T-MPNs and ST patients, VWF:GPIbR/VWF:Ag ratio analysis allowed to suspect AVWS only in T-MPNs patients. Using the distribution of VWF multimers analysis and VWF:CB, we here demonstrated that VWF:GPIbR allows AVWS diagnosis in 9 T-MPNs as opposed to aggregometry. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of VWF:Act using VWF:GPIbR has a greater sensitivity compared to aggregometry to detect AVWS in T-MPNs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Laporte
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Laboratory of Hematology, Pessac, France
| | - Marie Tuffigo
- Angers University Hospital, Laboratory of Hematology, Angers, France
| | - Anne Ryman
- Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Mathieu Fiore
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Laboratory of Hematology, Pessac, France
| | - Etienne Riviere
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Pessac, France.,University of Bordeaux, UMR1034, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases,, Pessac, France
| | - Chloé James
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Laboratory of Hematology, Pessac, France.,University of Bordeaux, UMR1034, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases,, Pessac, France
| | - Alexandre Guy
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1034, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases,, Pessac, France.,Bordeaux University Hospital, Laboratory of Hematology, Pessac, France
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The Intriguing Connections between von Willebrand Factor, ADAMTS13 and Cancer. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030557. [PMID: 35327035 PMCID: PMC8953111 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a complex and large protein that is cleaved by ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), and together they serve important roles in normal hemostasis. Malignancy can result in both a deficiency or excess of VWF, leading to aberrant hemostasis with either increased bleeding or thrombotic complications, as respectively seen with acquired von Willebrand syndrome and cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. There is emerging evidence to suggest VWF also plays a role in inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor biology, and it is likely that VWF promotes tumor metastasis. High VWF levels have been documented in a number of malignancies and in some cases correlate with more advanced disease and poor prognosis. Tumor cells can induce endothelial cells to release VWF and certain tumor cells have the capacity for de novo expression of VWF, leading to a proinflammatory microenvironment that is likely conducive to tumor progression, metastasis and micro-thrombosis. VWF can facilitate tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells and aids with the recruitment of platelets into the tumor microenvironment, where tumor/platelet aggregates are able to form and facilitate hematogenous spread of cancer. As ADAMTS13 moderates VWF level and activity, it too is potentially involved in the pathophysiology of these events. VWF and ADAMTS13 have been explored as tumor biomarkers for the detection and prognostication of certain malignancies; however, the results are underdeveloped and so currently not utilized for clinical use. Further studies addressing the basic science mechanisms and real word epidemiology are required to better appreciate the intriguing connections between VWF, ADAMTS13 and malignancy. A better understanding of the role VWF and ADAMTS13 play in the promotion and inhibition of cancer and its metastasis will help direct further translational studies to aid with the development of novel cancer prognostic tools and treatment modalities.
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Acquired Von Willebrand Syndrome and Desmopressin Resistance During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With COVID-19. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:1246-1255. [PMID: 35234414 PMCID: PMC9275806 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although COVID-19 is associated with high von Willebrand factor (vWF) parameters promoting thrombosis, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) is associated with the development of acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) promoting bleeding. This study was designed to assess both the incidence and severity of AVWS in COVID-19 patients undergoing vvECMO, and the benefit of comprehensive vWF analyses. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING ICU at a tertiary-care center. PATIENTS Twenty-seven consecutive COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring vvECMO. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Comprehensive vWF analyses (including sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) were performed before, during, and after vvECMO. In a subgroup of 12 patients with AVWS, effectiveness of treatment with desmopressin was assessed. The patients' mean age was 53 years (range, 23-73), 70% were male, and all had various comorbidities. Following markedly elevated vwf antigen (vWF: Ag; mean, 546% ( sd , 282]), vWF collagen binding capacity (mean, 469% [ sd , 271]), vWF activity (vWF:A; mean, 383% [ sd , 132]), and factor VIII activity (mean, 302% [ sd , 106]), and only borderline decreases in high-molecular-weight (HMW) vWF multimers before vvECMO, all of these variables decreased and HMW vWF multimers became undetectable within hours following initiation of vvECMO. All variables fully recovered within 3-38 hours after discontinuation of vvECMO. During vvECMO, decreases in the vWF:A/vWF:Ag ratio correlated with absent HMW vWF multimers. Desmopressin did not affect vWF parameters. CONCLUSIONS In patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS, AVWS developed soon after initiation of vvECMO. The vWF:A/vWF:Ag ratio was a suitable screening test for AVWS. As desmopressin was ineffective, bleeding during vvECMO-associated AVWS should preferably be treated with concentrates containing vWF.
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Hemostatic Dysfunction in Dogs Naturally Infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum—A Narrative Review. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020249. [PMID: 35215192 PMCID: PMC8878016 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review aims to describe Angiostrongylus vasorum-induced hemostatic dysfunction of dogs with emphasis on clinical and laboratory findings as well as potential therapeutic strategies for the bleeding patient. Canine angiostrongylosis (CA) is a disease with potentially high morbidity and mortality in endemic areas and with fatal outcome often associated with either severe respiratory compromise, pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure, or hemostatic dysfunction with severe bleeding. The most common signs of hemorrhage are hematomas, petecchiation, ecchymoses, oral mucosal membrane bleeding and scleral bleeding, while intracranial and pulmonary hemorrhage are among the most severe. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hemostatic dysfunction in these patients are presently researched. While the larval effect on platelets remains unknown, the parasite appears to induce dysregulation of hemostatic proteins, with studies suggesting a mixture of pro-coagulant protein consumption and hyperfibrinolysis. Importantly, not all dogs display the same hemostatic abnormalities. Consequently, characterizing the hemostatic state of the individual patient is necessary, but has proven difficult with traditional coagulation tests. Global viscoelastic testing shows promise, but has limited availability in general practice. Treatment of A. vasorum-infected dogs with hemostatic dysfunction relies on anthelmintic treatment as well as therapy directed at the individual dog’s specific hemostatic alterations.
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Franchini M. Response to "Parathyroid Adenoma in a Young Girl with Type 3 von Willebrand Disease". Semin Thromb Hemost 2022; 48:627. [PMID: 35139548 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Franchini
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy
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40
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Feng Y, Zhang Y, Shi J. Thrombosis and hemorrhage in myeloproliferative neoplasms: The platelet perspective. Platelets 2022; 33:955-963. [PMID: 35081860 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.2019210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), also known as BCR-ABL-negative MPN, is a clonal disease characterized by abnormal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. It has been demonstrated that MPN patients are more susceptible to thrombotic events compared to the general population. Therefore, researchers have been exploring the treatment for MPN thrombosis. However, antithrombotic therapies have brought another concern for the clinical management of MPN because they may cause bleeding events. When thrombosis and bleeding, two seemingly contradictory complications, occur in MPN patients at the same time, they will lead to more serious consequences. Therefore, it is a major challenge to achieving the best antithrombotic effect and minimizing bleeding events simultaneously. To date, there has yet been a perfect strategy to meet this challenge and therefore a new treatment method needs to be established. In this article, we describe the mechanism of thrombosis and bleeding events in MPN from the perspective of platelets for the first time. Based on the double-sided role of platelets in MPN, optimal antithrombotic treatment strategies that can simultaneously control thrombosis and bleeding at the same time may be formulated by adjusting the administration time and dosage of antiplatelet drugs. We argue that more attention should be paid to the critical role of platelets in MPN thrombosis and MPN bleeding in the future, so as to better manage adverse vascular events in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Feng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Departments of Medical Oncology and Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Va Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Wang S, Hu Q, Chen Y, Hu X, Tang N, Zhang A, Liu A. Case report: A case of acquired von Willebrand syndrome as onset clinical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus manifested as epistaxis and pulmonary hemorrhage. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1013764. [PMID: 36204663 PMCID: PMC9530141 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1013764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a less common bleeding disorder, primarily manifested as mild to moderate mucocutaneous bleeding and laboratory tests are similar to hereditary von Willebrand disease (VWD). AVWS is secondary to other diseases, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a relatively rare cause. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of AVWS as onset clinical presentation of SLE manifested as epistaxis and pulmonary hemorrhage. A 13-year-old male child presented to the hospital with a six-month history of recurrent epistaxis and a one-month history of anemia. Routine blood tests demonstrated severe normocytic anemia and normal platelet count. Von Willebrand test revealed a significantly lower level. High-resolution chest computed tomography (CT) showed patchy ground glass opacities consistent with hemorrhagic changes. After ruling out the family history, the patient was diagnosed with AVWS. Additional tests confirmed positive antinuclear and anti-Sm antibodies. The underlying SLE was diagnosed and treated with methylprednisolone with disease recovery. CONCLUSION We recommend screening for bleeding disorders in patients with recurrent epistaxis. AVWS should be considered when laboratory findings suggest hereditary von Willebrand disease without a personal or familial history of bleeding. In addition, the underlying disease should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxian Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiufen Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiguo Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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42
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Haddad M, Voisin J, Reynes C, Blanc-Jouvan F, Gressin R, Mansard C, Park S, Marlu R. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome secondary to lymphoproliferative disorders: A case series from two French centers. Thromb Res 2021; 209:1-4. [PMID: 34826640 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Haddad
- Hemostasis Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Grenoble, France
| | - Joris Voisin
- Hematology Laboratory, Annecy Genevois Hospital Center, Annecy, France
| | - Claire Reynes
- Hematology Unit, Annecy Genevois Hospital Center, Annecy, France
| | | | - Rémi Gressin
- Department of Hematology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Mansard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Park
- Department of Hematology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Faculty of Medicine, Grenoble, France
| | - Raphaël Marlu
- Hemostasis Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Faculty of Medicine, Grenoble, France.
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43
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Kong D, Li Y, Fu C, Hou M, Yan L, Shang J, Wang Z, Yin J, Yu Z, Wu D. Bortezomib provides favorable efficacy in type 3 acquired von willebrand syndrome related to lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:491-494. [PMID: 34668450 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1992766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Kong
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Hou
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Soochow Hopes Hematology Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Shang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyue Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yin
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
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44
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Treatment of Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Clinical Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205131. [PMID: 34680279 PMCID: PMC8533809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS) is a recently recognized clinical-pathological entity. Symptoms are caused by the presence of a monoclonal protein leading to high comorbidity. The affected organs vary according to the target antigen However, as most of the knowledge relies on case reports or short series; there is a lack of consensus regarding treatment approach. Here, we discuss MGCS other than renal (skin, ocular, neurologic, and bleeding disorders). We provide insights into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up based on clinical cases. Finally, we discuss future directions in this field, such as potential novel therapeutic targets and prognosis of patients with MGCS. Abstract Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is defined as the presence of a monoclonal protein (M-protein) produced by a small amount of plasma cells. The majority of patients remain asymptomatic; however, a fraction of them develop clinical manifestations related to the monoclonal gammopathy despite not fulfilling criteria of multiple myeloma or other lymphoproliferative disorder. These patients constitute an emerging clinical issue coined as monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS). The mechanisms involved are poorly understood, and literature is scarce regarding management. The clinical spectrum involves symptoms related to renal, neurologic, skin, ocular, or bleeding manifestations, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment strategies rely on the basis of symptomatic disease and the M-protein isotype. In this review, we focus on MGCS other than renal, as the latter was earliest recognized and better known. We review the literature and discuss management from diagnosis to treatment based on illustrative cases from daily practice.
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Oyedeji O, Sheqwara J, Onwubiko I, Lopez-Plaza I, Nagai S, Otrock ZK. Thrombocytapheresis for acquired von Willebrand syndrome in a patient with essential thrombocythemia and recent multivisceral transplantation. Transfusion 2021; 61:3277-3280. [PMID: 34569071 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is associated with increased risk of bleeding secondary to acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). Bleeding in ET requires urgent platelet reduction by cytoreductive therapy such as hydroxyurea or thrombocytapheresis. We report on the efficacy and safety of thrombocytapheresis in managing AVWS in a patient with ET and multivisceral transplantation. CASE REPORT The patient was a 51-year-old female who underwent multivisceral transplantation. Her postoperative course was complicated by bleeding from oral cavity, IV lines, gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tracts as well as vaginal bleeding, which coincided with ET flare with a platelet count of 1512 × 109 /L. Coagulation studies including von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen and activity, vWF propeptide antigen, and vWF multimer analysis were consistent with AVWS. Hydroxyurea was initiated. However, due to major bleeding, rapidly increasing platelet count, and uncertainty of response to hydroxyurea being given through the enteral tube, thrombocytapheresis was initiated for rapid platelet reduction. The patient tolerated the procedure well. Platelet count was reduced from 1636 × 109 /L to 275 × 109 /L with rapid cessation of bleeding. The patient's condition stabilized over the next few days; however, bleeding recurred with increasing platelet count, which required a second thrombocytapheresis 8 days after the first one. The patient was maintained on hydroxyurea 500 mg twice/day. At 11-month follow-up, she had a normal platelet count and no recurrence of bleeding. DISCUSSION Thrombocytapheresis is safe and efficient in managing postoperative bleeding due to ET/AVWS in solid organ transplant patients. The procedure can be an adjunct to bridging therapy before response to hydroxyurea is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwayomi Oyedeji
- Transfusion Medicine Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jawad Sheqwara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ifeoma Onwubiko
- Transfusion Medicine Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ileana Lopez-Plaza
- Transfusion Medicine Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shunji Nagai
- Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Zaher K Otrock
- Transfusion Medicine Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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46
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Petros S. [Pathophysiology of bleeding]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2021; 116:475-481. [PMID: 34402917 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-021-00844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bleeding is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Anatomic and hemostatic causes play a central role in the pathophysiology of bleeding, with anatomic causes being by far more common. While trauma and invasive procedures are the leading causes of bleeding in surgical disciplines, gastrointestinal bleeding is the major cause of bleeding in internal medicine. Major bleedings lead to secondary homeostatic changes, which in turn not only contribute to further bleeding, but also to the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction. Acquired coagulopathies due to antithrombotic treatment or an underlying disease also contribute to the extent and the dynamics of bleeding, while hereditary bleeding disorders are seldom. The balance between the physiological pro- and anticoagulant pathway plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of bleeding and coagulation. Therefore, the pathophysiology of bleeding cannot be described by means of easily available laboratory coagulation workup. The aim of coagulation correction during the management of life-threatening bleeding is not to normalize coagulation, but rather to stop bleeding. Besides a careful clinical evaluation of the course of bleeding coupled with basic understanding of the physiology of coagulation, targeted laboratory coagulation workup can contribute to a rational coagulation treatment concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirak Petros
- Interdisziplinäre Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland.
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Abstract
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome can occur in the setting of myeloproliferative neoplasms; plasma cell dyscrasias and other lymphoproliferative disorders; autoimmune conditions; and causes of increased shear forces, such as aortic stenosis or other structural heart disease and mechanical circulatory support. The depletion of von Willebrand factor, especially high-molecular-weight multimers, can lead to mucocutaneous bleeding and the formation of arteriovenous malformations, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Management focuses on correction of the underlying cause when possible, but may include intravenous immunoglobulins, von Willebrand factor concentrate, rituximab, or antiangiogenic therapy depending on the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle L Langer
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathan T Connell
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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48
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Trotti C, Sant'Antonio E, Vanni D, Casetti IC, Borsani O, Pietra D, Ferretti VV, Astori C, Arcaini L, Rumi E. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome in myeloproliferative neoplasms with extreme thrombocytosis. Hematol Oncol 2021; 39:589-592. [PMID: 34320245 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Trotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Vanni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Oscar Borsani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pietra
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Valeria Ferretti
- Service of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cesare Astori
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Arcaini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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49
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Continuous-infusion von Willebrand factor concentrate is effective for the management of acquired von Willebrand disease. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2813-2816. [PMID: 34269797 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired von Willebrand disease (aVWD) is a rare disorder associated with a reduction in von Willebrand factor (VWF) activity, leading to increased bleeding risk. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the most common cause of lymphoproliferative disorder-associated aVWD and is caused by accelerated clearance of circulating VWF. Standard VWF replacement protocols for congenital VWD based on intermittent bolus dosing are typically less effective for aVWD because of antibody-mediated clearance. Intermittent bolus dosing of VWF concentrates often leads to inadequate peak response and profoundly shortened VWF half-life in aVWD. Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) has demonstrated efficacy in aVWD; however, treatment effect is delayed up to 4 days, limiting its efficacy in acutely bleeding patients. We report the successful use of continuous-infusion VWF concentrate (with or without concomitant IVIG) in 3 patients with MGUS-associated aVWD who had demonstrated an inadequate response to bolus dosing. VWF concentrate doses required in this cohort were higher than typical doses for bleeding treatment in congenital VWD. This report illustrates that continuous-infusion VWF concentrate administration with or without intravenous immunoglobulin rapidly achieves target ristocetin cofactor activity and provides adequate hemostasis in aVWD associated with immunoglobulin G MGUS.
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50
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New Developments in Diagnosis and Management of Acquired Hemophilia and Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e586. [PMID: 34095769 PMCID: PMC8171371 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired hemophilia A and acquired von Willebrand syndrome are rare, but life-threatening bleeding disorders that require prompt diagnosis and treatment by hematologists. Acquired hemophilia A is defined as an acquired severe bleeding tendency caused by autoantibody formation against coagulation factor VIII. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome is characterized by a new onset bleeding tendency caused by a reduced concentration and/or function of von Willebrand factor. These disorders are associated with a variety of underlying disorders, including various hematological malignancies, for example, plasma cell disorders, lymphoproliferative disorders, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. It is of utmost important to recognize these acquired bleeding disorders in these patients who are at risk for severe bleeding, and to perform additional diagnostic hemostasis laboratory evaluation. This will enable immediate diagnosis of the acquired bleeding disorder and management of both the bleeding episodes and the causative underlying disorder. In recent years, several new etiological factors for acquired hemophilia A, such as treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors or DPP-4 inhibitors and SARS-CoV2 infection, and for acquired von Willebrand syndrome, for example, left ventricular assist devices, have been identified and also new treatment options have become available. In this concise review, the most recent data on etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acquired bleeding disorders are presented and discussed.
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