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Painter H, Larsen SE, Williams BD, Abdelaal HFM, Baldwin SL, Fletcher HA, Fiore-Gartland A, Coler RN. Backtranslation of human RNA biosignatures of tuberculosis disease risk into the preclinical pipeline is condition dependent. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.600067. [PMID: 38948876 PMCID: PMC11212953 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.600067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It is not clear whether human progression to active tuberculosis disease (TB) risk signatures are viable endpoint criteria for evaluations of treatments in clinical or preclinical development. TB is the deadliest infectious disease globally and more efficacious vaccines are needed to reduce this mortality. However, the immune correlates of protection for either preventing infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or preventing TB disease have yet to be completely defined, making the advancement of candidate vaccines through the pipeline slow, costly, and fraught with risk. Human-derived correlate of risk (COR) gene signatures, which identify an individual's risk to progressing to active TB disease, provide an opportunity for evaluating new therapies for TB with clear and defined endpoints. Though prospective clinical trials with longitudinal sampling are prohibitively expensive, characterization of COR gene signatures is practical with preclinical models. Using a 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) approach we reanalyzed heterogeneous publicly available transcriptional datasets to determine whether a specific set of COR signatures are viable endpoints in the preclinical pipeline. We selected RISK6, Sweeney3 and BATF2 human-derived blood-based RNA biosignatures because they require relatively few genes to assign a score and have been carefully evaluated across several clinical cohorts. Excitingly, these data provide proof-of-concept that human COR signatures seem to have high fidelity across several tissue types in the preclinical TB model pipeline and show best performance when the model most closely reflected human infection or disease conditions. Human-derived COR signatures offer an opportunity for high-throughput preclinical endpoint criteria of vaccine and drug therapy evaluations. One Sentence Summary Human-derived biosignatures of tuberculosis disease progression were evaluated for their predictive fidelity across preclinical species and derived tissues using available public data sets.
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Yadav S, Pal S, Rawal G, Jeyaraman M, Jeyaraman N. Disseminated Tuberculosis of the Lungs, Brain, Pleurae, Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy, and Elbow Joint in an Immunocompetent Indian Female: A First-of-Its-Type Case. Cureus 2024; 16:e58974. [PMID: 38800244 PMCID: PMC11127241 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is usually seen in the lungs. However, the involvement of various extrapulmonary sites is due to the spread of the bacteria via blood, lymphatic, or direct inoculation. The present case is a rare presentation of tuberculosis in an Indian female who came with complaints of swelling in her right elbow joint, headache, and cough with expectoration. A diagnostic evaluation resulted in the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the sputum samples and elbow joints, which was further supported by an exudative picture on the cerebrospinal fluid examination. The findings were supported by advanced radiometric techniques. She was commenced on an antituberculous treatment per her weight. Disseminated tuberculosis is a challenging diagnosis as there is often a delay in clinical presentation, a lack of awareness about the possibility of multiple sites with tuberculous infection in clinicians, and a time lag in the availability of the culture results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Yadav
- Medicine, Shri Madan Lal Khurana Chest Clinic, New Delhi, IND
| | - Surinder Pal
- Medicine, Choudhary Desraj Chest Clinic, New Delhi, IND
| | - Gautam Rawal
- Respiratory Medical Critical Care, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Clinical Research, Virginia Tech India, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
- Orthopedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Orthopedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
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Yang J, Jang HA, Cho H, Im YH, Kim JH. Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in Patients with Spondyloarthritis: A Population-Based Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:579. [PMID: 38674225 PMCID: PMC11052061 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), while nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) encompass a group of mycobacterial species that are distinct from the MTB complex and leprae. Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases with shared clinical characteristics and is treated with biological agents; however, their use may elevate the risk of MTB and NTM infections. This study aimed to compare the incidence and risk of MTB and NTM infections in patients with SpA, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), using a population-based approach. Materials and Methods: This study included 2333 patients with SpA and 9332 age- and sex-matched controls from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database from 2002 to 2019. The patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for AS, PsA, MTB, and NTM. Results: The results showed that a negligible percentage of patients with SpA developed NTM (0.002%) and MTB (0.016%), with no significant difference in the incidence rate ratio (IRR) compared to controls. Among patients with SpA treated with biologics, the IRRs for NTM and MTB were 5.66 and 3.069, respectively; however, these were not statistically significant. No cases of NTM or MTB infection were reported in female patients with SpA treated with biologics. In both the SpA patient group and the control group, the incidence of MTB was higher in individuals over 60 years old compared to those under 60 years old. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed a significant adjusted hazard ratio of 1.479 for MTB in patients with SpA after adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, insurance level, and comorbidities. However, this significance was not maintained when biological therapy was further adjusted. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the risks of NTM and MTB infection are not elevated in patients with SpA. Although biological use may potentially increase the risk of MTB infection, it does not lead to a significant increase in incidence rates. Proactive screening for latent tuberculosis and adequate prophylaxis using biologics can effectively manage the risk of NTM and MTB infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoul Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-a Jang
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA;
| | - Hyunjeong Cho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Im
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyoun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Biset S, Teferi M, Alamirew H, Birhanu B, Dessie A, Aschale A, Haymanot A, Dejenie S, Gebremedhin T, Abebe W, Adane G. Trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in Northwest Ethiopia: Xpert® MTB/RIF assay results from 2015 to 2021. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:238. [PMID: 38389060 PMCID: PMC10882931 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in countries with limited resources. The emergence of drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), particularly rifampicin (RIF) resistance, hindered TB control efforts. Continuous surveillance and regular monitoring of drug-resistant TB, including rifampicin resistance (RR), are required for effective TB intervention strategies and prevention and control measures. OBJECTIVE Determine the trend of TB and RR-TB among presumptive TB patients in Northwest Ethiopia. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UoG-CSH). The study included TB registration logbook data from all patients who visited the hospital and were tested for MTB using the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay between 2015 and 2021. The SPSS version 26 software was used to enter, clean, and analyze the laboratory-based data. RESULTS A total of 18,787 patient results were included, with 93.8% (17,615/18787) of them being successful, meaning they were not invalid, error, or aborted. About 10.5% (1846/17615) of the 17,615 results were MTB-positive, with 7.42% (137/1846) RIF resistant. Age, anti-TB treatment history, and diagnosis year were associated with the presence of MTB and RR-MTB. Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence was higher in productive age groups, whereas RR-TB prevalence was higher in the elderly. Regarding diagnosis year, the prevalence of TB and RR-TB showed a declining trend as the year progressed. While MTB was detected in 12.8% (471/3669) of new and 22.2% (151/679) of re-treatment presumptive TB patients, RR-MTB was detected in 8.5% (40/471) of new and 18.5% (28/151) of re-treatment TB cases. CONCLUSION The prevalence of TB and RR-TB in the study area showed a declining trend over the years. While TB was more prevalent in productive age groups (15 to 45 years), RR-TB was more prevalent in older populations (over 45 years), than others. Moreover, patients with a history of anti-TB drug exposure were more likely to be positive for DR-TB, highlighting the need to strengthen DOT programs for proper management of TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirak Biset
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Milto Teferi
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Haylemesikel Alamirew
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Biniyam Birhanu
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Dessie
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Aschale
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Anmaw Haymanot
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Selamu Dejenie
- University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Teshager Gebremedhin
- University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Abebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Adane
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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He X, Wang Y, Yang Y, He Q, Sun L, Jin J. Quantitative proteomics reveals plasma protein profile and potential pathways in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without diabetes. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143:102424. [PMID: 37871493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Patients with DM are at higher risk of developing PTB, and PTB is one of the important factors that exacerbate the development of DM. However, the impact of DM on the protein profile and underlying pathways in PTB patients is unclear. METHODS We systematically used data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in plasma samples from PTB patients, DM combined with PTB patients, and healthy controls. Then these DEPs were analyzed by bioinformatics. RESULTS Our analysis identified 268 proteins, the results indicated that DEPs in the PTB group as well as in the DM-PTB group were mainly involved in immune responses, complement and coagulation cascade and cholesterol metabolic pathways compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS We analyzed the plasma protein profiles of PTB, DM-PTB, and HC groups using proteomics techniques and identified potential pathways for PTB patients with and without DM. This provides valuable clues to explore the impact of DM on PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311399, PR China.
| | - Yunguang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China.
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311399, PR China.
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China.
| | - Lifang Sun
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, PR China; Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, PR China.
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China.
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Munnaluri RK, Chevula J, Patnam N, Yamini L, Manga V. One-pot synthesis, spectral characterization, biological evaluation, molecular docking studies and in silico ADME/Tox profiling of new 2,4,5 triaryl imidazole derivatives as anti tubercular agents. Indian J Tuberc 2023; 70:451-459. [PMID: 37968051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis still looms large on the global epidemiological radar and warrants continuous effort in the direction of developing new anti TB drugs to battle evolving resistance mechanisms of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS In the present paper, synthesis of n has been attempted. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy. Anti TB profile of the synthesized compounds were tested by MABA assay employing M.tb H37Rv strain. RESULTS Two compounds namely N-(2-acetoxy)-N-methyl-4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl) benzenamine and 2-(N-(4-(4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazole-2-yl)phenyl)-N-methylamino) ethanol exhibited impressive anti TB inhibitory potential with an MIC of 3.125 μg/mL. To visualize the binding interactions of the active compounds molecular docking studies were carried out on putative target M. tuberculosis Glutamine synthetase (MtGS) in complex with a trisubstituted imidazole. To ascertain their drug likeliness and safety profile in silico ADME/T prediction was performed on all the synthesized compounds. CONCLUSION Three compounds 1a, 2g and 2c exhibited good inhibitory potency against M.tb H37Rv and all the synthesized compounds also show promising antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Munnaluri
- Molecular Modeling and Medicinal Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Janaiah Chevula
- Molecular Modeling and Medicinal Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Nagesh Patnam
- Molecular Modeling and Medicinal Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Lingala Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, University College for Women, OU, Koti, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vijjulatha Manga
- Molecular Modeling and Medicinal Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Chemistry, University College for Women, OU, Koti, Hyderabad, India.
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Namusobya M, Bongomin F, Mukisa J, Batte C, Olwit WK, Rhein J, Sekaggya-Wiltshire C, Prasad S. The Impact of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis Co-infection on the Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Uganda. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:713-720. [PMID: 37195546 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) significantly affect health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). We aimed to determine the impact of CPA co-infection on the HR-QoL of Ugandans with PTB. METHODS We conducted a prospective study as part of a larger study among participants with PTB with persistent pulmonary symptoms after 2 months of anti-TB treatment at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda between July 2020 and June 2021. HR-QoL was assessed using St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) at enrollment and at the end of PTB treatment (4 months apart). SGRQ scores range from 0 to 100, with higher score representing a poorer HR-QoL. RESULTS Of the 162 participants enrolled in the larger study, 32 (19.8%) had PTB + CPA and 130 (80.2%) had PTB. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. Regarding overall health, a higher proportion of the PTB group rated their HR-QoL as "very good" compared to those who had PTB + CPA (68 [54.0%] versus 8 [25.8%]). At enrollment, both groups had comparable median SGRQ scores. However, at follow up, the PTB group had statistically significantly better SGRQ scores (interquartile range); symptoms (0 [0-12.4] versus 14.4 [0-42.9], p < 0.001), activity ((0 [0-17.1] versus 12.2 [0-35.5], p = .03), impact (0 [0-4.0] versus 3.1 [0-22.5], p = 0.004), and total scores ((0 [0-8.5] versus 7.6[(0-27.4], p = 0.005). CONCLUSION CPA co-infection impairs HR-QoL of people with PTB. Active screening and management of CPA in patients with PTB is recommended to improve HR-QoL of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Namusobya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - John Mukisa
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Batte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Kane Olwit
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joshua Rhein
- Centre for Global Health and Social Responsibility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Shailendra Prasad
- Centre for Global Health and Social Responsibility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Shamanna K, Gopi R, Deshpande GA. A Rare Case of Tubercular Osteomyelitis of Maxilla: A Case Report. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:2477-2481. [PMID: 37636603 PMCID: PMC10447810 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic granulomatous infection which primarily affects lungs. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which was discovered by Dr Robert Koch. It can also affect other organs. Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Early detection and initiation of antitubercular therapy are important in the management of TB. Extrapulmonary TB might not exhibit same features as pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of maxilla is an extremely rare entity which can be misdiagnosed as carcinoma of maxillary sinus or other infectious conditions. We are presenting a case of tuberculous osteomyelitis of maxilla in a 14-year-old female who came with a discharging sinus over the right cheek. She underwent endoscopic debridement of sinuses and histopathological examination was suggestive of Koch's infection. Patient was further treated with antitubercular therapy and showed significant improvement at four weeks follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Shamanna
- Department of ENT, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Rahul Gopi
- Department of ENT, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka India
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Todowede O, Afaq S, Adhikary A, Kanan S, Shree V, Jennings HM, Faisal MR, Nisar Z, Khan I, Desai G, Huque R, Siddiqi N. Barriers and facilitators to integrating depression care in tuberculosis services in South Asia: a multi-country qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:818. [PMID: 37525209 PMCID: PMC10391993 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common among people with tuberculosis (TB). The condition is typically unrecognised or untreated despite available and effective treatments in most low- and middle-income countries. TB services in these countries are relatively well established, offering a potential opportunity to deliver integrated depression screening and care. However, there is limited evidence on how such integration could be achieved. This study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to integrate depression care in TB services. METHODS We conducted nine workshops with 76 study participants, including people with TB, their carers, and health service providers in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, seeking views on integrating depression care into TB clinics. We used a deductive thematic approach to analyse the translated transcripts of audio recordings, contemporaneous notes made during workshops for Bangladesh and India and workshop reports for Pakistan. Using the SURE (Supporting the Use of Research Evidence) thematic framework, we extracted and categorised barriers and facilitators into various domains. RESULTS Reported barriers to integrating depression care in TB services included lack of knowledge about depression amongst patients and the staff, financial burden, and associated stigma for people with TB and their carers. Government buy-in and understanding of how to identify and screen for depression screening were potential facilitators reported. Additionally, breaking through mental health stigma and providing the additional resources required to deliver this service (human resources and consultation time) were essential for integrating depression and TB care. CONCLUSIONS Depression is a common condition found among people with TB, requiring early identification among people with TB. Integrating depression care into Tb services by health workers requires the availability of political support and the provision of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Todowede
- University of York, York, England, UK
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Saima Afaq
- University of York, York, England, UK.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England, UK.
- Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Anoshmita Adhikary
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vidhya Shree
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Zara Nisar
- Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Khan
- Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Geetha Desai
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Najma Siddiqi
- University of York, York, England, UK
- Hull York Medical School, York, England, UK
- Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, England, UK
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10
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Jaiswal N, Kumar A. A soft-computation hybrid method for search of the antibiotic-resistant gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis for promising drug target identification and antimycobacterial lead discovery. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2023; 3:vbad090. [PMID: 37521310 PMCID: PMC10382254 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) control programs were already piloted before the COVID-19 pandemic commenced and the global TB response was amplified by the pandemic. To combat the global TB epidemic, drug repurposing, novel drug discovery, identification and targeting of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and addressing social determinants of TB are required. The study aimed to identify AMR genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and a new anti-mycobacterial drug candidate. In this research, we used a few software to explore some AMR genes as a target protein in MTB and identified some potent antimycobacterial agents. We used Maestro v12.8 software, along with STRING v11.0, KEGG and Pass Server databases to gain a deeper understanding of MTB AMR genes as drug targets. Computer-aided analysis was used to identify mtrA and katG AMR genes as potential drug targets to depict some antimycobacterial drug candidates. Based on docking scores of -4.218 and -6.161, carvacrol was identified as a potent inhibitor against both drug targets. This research offers drug target identification and discovery of antimycobacterial leads, a unique and promising approach to combating the challenge of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium, and contributes to the development of a potential futuristic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jaiswal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
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11
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Goswami KK, Kumar R, Kumar R, Reddy AJ, Goswami SK. Deep Learning Classification of Tuberculosis Chest X-rays. Cureus 2023; 15:e41583. [PMID: 37559842 PMCID: PMC10406978 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other organs, such as the kidneys, bones, and brain. TB is transmitted through the air when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks, releasing tiny droplets containing the bacteria. Despite significant efforts to combat TB, challenges such as drug resistance, co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and limited resources in high-burden settings continue to pose obstacles to its eradication. TB remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating accurate and timely detection for effective management. Methods This study aimed to develop a TB detection model using chest X-ray images obtained from Kaggle.com, utilizing Google's Collaboration Platform. Over 1196 chest X-ray images, comprising both TB-positive and normal cases, were employed for model development. The model was trained to recognize patterns within the TB chest X-rays to efficiently recognize TB within patients in order to be treated in time. Results The model achieved an average precision of 0.934, with precision and recall values of 94.1% each, indicating its high accuracy in classifying TB-positive and normal cases. Sensitivity and specificity values were calculated as 96.85% and 91.49%, respectively. The F1 score was also calculated to be 0.941. The overall accuracy of the model was found to be 94%. Conclusion These results highlight the potential of machine learning algorithms for TB detection using chest X-ray images. Further validation studies and research efforts are needed to assess the model's generalizability and integration into clinical practice, ultimately facilitating early detection and improved management of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik K Goswami
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stockton Pulmonary Doctors, Stockton, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Nursing, St. Joseph Medical Center, Stockton, USA
| | - Akshay J Reddy
- Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Sanjeev K Goswami
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, St. Joseph Medical Center, Stockton, USA
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Chizimu JY, Solo ES, Bwalya P, Kapalamula TF, Mwale KK, Squarre D, Shawa M, Lungu P, Barnes DA, Yamba K, Mufune T, Chambaro H, Kamboyi H, Munyeme M, Hang'ombe BM, Kapata N, Mukonka V, Chilengi R, Thapa J, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y. Genomic Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Resistant to Second-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in Lusaka, Zambia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1126. [PMID: 37508222 PMCID: PMC10376136 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB) is a threat to TB control programs in developing countries such as Zambia. Studies in Zambia have applied molecular techniques to understand drug-resistance-associated mutations, circulating lineages and transmission patterns of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, none has reported genotypes and mutations associated with pre-XDR TB. This study characterized 63 drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains from the University Teaching Hospital between 2018 and 2019 using targeted gene sequencing and conveniently selected 50 strains for whole genome sequencing. Sixty strains had resistance mutations associated to MDR, one polyresistant, and two rifampicin resistant. Among MDR strains, seven percent (4/60) had mutations associated with pre-XDR-TB. While four, one and nine strains had mutations associated with ethionamide, para-amino-salicylic acid and streptomycin resistances, respectively. All 50 strains belonged to lineage 4 with the predominant sub-lineage 4.3.4.2.1 (38%). Three of four pre-XDR strains belonged to sub-lineage 4.3.4.2.1. Sub-lineage 4.3.4.2.1 strains were less clustered when compared to sub-lineages L4.9.1 and L4.3.4.1 based on single nucleotide polymorphism differences. The finding that resistances to second-line drugs have emerged among MDR-TB is a threat to TB control. Hence, the study recommends a strengthened routine drug susceptibility testing for second-line TB drugs to stop the progression of pre-XDR to XDR-TB and improve patient treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Yamweka Chizimu
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | | | - Precious Bwalya
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- University Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Thoko Flav Kapalamula
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi
| | | | - David Squarre
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Misheck Shawa
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Patrick Lungu
- National TB Control Program, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - David Atomanyi Barnes
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kaunda Yamba
- University Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Tiza Mufune
- Provincial Health Office, Central Province, Ministry of Health, Kabwe 10101, Zambia
| | - Herman Chambaro
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Harvey Kamboyi
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Musso Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Bernard Mudenda Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Nathan Kapata
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Victor Mukonka
- School of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
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Arredondo-Hernández R, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Orduña P, Juárez-López D, Varela-Salinas T, López-Vidal Y. Identification of peptides presented through the MHC-II of dendritic cells stimulated with Mycobacterium avium. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152416. [PMID: 37429053 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) represents a species of concern, because of its ability to modulate the host's innate immune response, and therefore influence trajectory of adaptative immunity. Since eradicative response against mycobacteria, and M. tuberculosis/M. avium, relies on peptides actively presented on a Major Histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II) context, we assessed paradoxical stimulation of Dendritic Cell resulting on immature immunophenotype characterized by membrane minor increase of MHC-II and CD40 despite of high expression of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in supernatants. Identification of M. avium leucine rich peptides forming short α-helices shutting down Type 1T helper (Th1), contribute to the understanding of immune evasion of an increasingly prevalent pathogen, and may provide a basis for future immunotherapy to infectious and non-infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Arredondo-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Microbioma, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Schcolnik-Cabrera
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Orduña
- Laboratorio de Microbioma, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Juárez-López
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tania Varela-Salinas
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda López-Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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14
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Sarkar S, Haider N, Islam A, Hossain MB, Hossain K, Mafij Uddin MK, Rahman A, Ahmed SSU, Banu S, Rahim Z, Heffelfinger JD, Zeidner N. Occurrence of tuberculosis among people exposed to cattle in Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37327465 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) has been an important public health concern in Bangladesh. The most common cause of human TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while bovine TB is caused by Mycobacterium bovis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of TB in individuals with occupational exposure to cattle and to detect Mycobacterium bovis among cattle in slaughterhouses in Bangladesh. METHODS Between August and September 2015, an observational study was conducted in two government chest disease hospitals, one cattle market, and two slaughterhouses. Sputum samples were collected from individuals who met the criteria for suspected TB and had been exposed to cattle. Tissue samples were collected from cattle that had low body condition score(s). Both humans and cattle samples were screened for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) staining and cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Region of difference (RD) 9-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed to identify Mycobacterium spp. We also conducted Spoligotyping to identify the specific strain of Mycobacterium spp. RESULTS Sputum was collected from a total of 412 humans. The median age of human participants was 35 (IQR: 25-50) years. Twenty-five (6%) human sputum specimens were positive for AFB, and 44 (11%) were positive for MTC by subsequent culture. All (N = 44) culture-positive isolates were confirmed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis by RD9 PCR. Besides, 10% of cattle workers were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the cattle market. Of all TB (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) infected individuals, 6.8% of individuals were resistant to one or two anti-TB drugs. The majority of the sampled cattle (67%) were indigenous breeds. No Mycobacterium bovis was detected in cattle. CONCLUSIONS We did not detect any TB cases caused by Mycobacterium bovis in humans during the study. However, we detected TB cases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in all humans, including cattle market workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Sarkar
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Najmul Haider
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Ariful Islam
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Belal Hossain
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamal Hossain
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arfatur Rahman
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sayera Banu
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zeaur Rahim
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - James D Heffelfinger
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nord Zeidner
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
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15
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Jawed A, Tharwani ZH, Siddiqui A, Masood W, Qamar K, Islam Z, Jawed A, Shah M, Adnan A, Essar MY, Rackimuthu S, Head MG. Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review of public health impact in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1357. [PMID: 37359409 PMCID: PMC10287908 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims South Asian countries, including Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh, have a high prevalence of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This prevalence is influenced by various risk factors such as ethnicity, nutrition, socioeconomic disparities, high out-of-pocket healthcare expenses, and specific Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) lineages. The COVID-19 pandemic has likely hindered access to healthcare and led to under-reporting of EPTB cases nationally and internationally. This rapid review aimed to summarize the literature on the prevalence and disease outcomes of EPTB in the mentioned countries, compare the situations across countries, and provide recommendations for future action. Methods The review utilized PubMed and Google Scholar databases to search for literature on EPTB in South Asian countries. The search string included keywords related to different forms of EPTB and the countries of interest while excluding pulmonary tuberculosis. Results The results showed that both TB, including drug-resistant TB, and EPTB are prevalent and burdensome in South Asia. In Pakistan, pleural TB was the most commonly reported form of EPTB, followed by lymph node TB, abdominal TB, osteoarticular TB, Central Nervous System TB, and miliary TB. In India, lymph node TB(LNTB) was more common among EPTB cases. Bangladesh reported a high prevalence of EPTB involving lymph node, pleura, and abdomen, while Afghanistan had a higher prevalence of forms such as LNTB and tuberculous meningitis. Conclusion In conclusion, the prevalence of EPTB in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh is alarmingly high and negatively impacts population health. Effective measures are needed for treatment and management of this condition, along with addressing current and future challenges. Strengthening the evidence base through surveillance and research is crucial to understand the patterns and significant factors related to EPTB, requiring investment in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areesha Jawed
- Department of MedicineDow Medical CollegeKarachiPakistan
| | | | | | - Waniyah Masood
- Department of MedicineDow Medical CollegeKarachiPakistan
| | - Khulud Qamar
- Department of MedicineDow Medical CollegeKarachiPakistan
| | - Zarmina Islam
- Department of MedicineDow Medical CollegeKarachiPakistan
| | - Aleeza Jawed
- The Ziauddin Medical UniversityKarachiSindhPakistan
| | - Muzhgan Shah
- Bolan University of Medical and Health SciencesQuettaPakistan
| | | | | | | | - Michael G. Head
- Clinical Informatics Research Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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16
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Gautam S, Qureshi KA, Jameel Pasha SB, Dhanasekaran S, Aspatwar A, Parkkila S, Alanazi S, Atiya A, Khan MMU, Venugopal D. Medicinal Plants as Therapeutic Alternatives to Combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030541. [PMID: 36978408 PMCID: PMC10044459 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and a significant health concern worldwide. The main threat to the elimination of TB is the development of resistance by MTB to the currently used antibiotics and more extended treatment methods, which is a massive burden on the health care system. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify new, effective therapeutic strategies with fewer adverse effects. The traditional medicines found in South Asia and Africa have a reservoir of medicinal plants and plant-based compounds that are considered another reliable option for human beings to treat various diseases. Abundant research is available for the biotherapeutic potential of naturally occurring compounds in various diseases but has been lagging in the area of TB. Plant-based compounds, or phytoproducts, are being investigated as potential anti-mycobacterial agents by reducing bacterial burden or modulating the immune system, thereby minimizing adverse effects. The efficacy of these phytochemicals has been evaluated through drug delivery using nanoformulations. This review aims to emphasize the value of anti-TB compounds derived from plants and provide a summary of current research on phytochemicals with potential anti-mycobacterial activity against MTB. This article aims to inform readers about the numerous potential herbal treatment options available for combatting TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvi Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Kamal A. Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (K.A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | | | - Sugapriya Dhanasekaran
- Department of Molecular Analytics, Institute of Bioinformatics, SSE-SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Ltd., Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Samyah Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhtar Atiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Divya Venugopal
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, India
- Correspondence: (K.A.Q.); (D.V.)
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Zhang T, Zhang J, Wei L, Liang H, Zhang J, Shi D, Wang Z. The global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:368-375. [PMID: 36702011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease and ranks 13th among the leading causes of death worldwide. In this study, we aimed to report the burden of TB in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI). METHODS Annual death number, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates (ASDR) with a 95% uncertainty interval (UI) of TB were derived from the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 for the time period between 1990 and 2019. The association between the burden of TB and SDI was also investigated. RESULTS The total death number related to TB decreased by 33.6%, from 1777.5 in 1990-1179.8 in 2019, per 1000 individuals. The global ASMR and ASDR for TB were 14.64 (13.39-16.03) and 590.42 (536.85-646.42), which were 63.5% and 62.8% lower than in 1990, respectively. South Asia, Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Western Sub-Saharan Africa had the largest number of TB deaths in 2019. Central Sub-Saharan Africa was the region with the highest ASMR and ASDR in 2019. India had the highest number of TB deaths, and the Central African Republic and Switzerland had the highest and lowest ASMR per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The number of deaths and DALYs were higher in males than in females and the ASDR significantly increased from the 10-14-year-old age group to the 80-84-year-old age group in both sexes. Most cases of TB were caused by drug-susceptible TB. A negative association between the regional SDI and the ASDR of TB was found. CONCLUSIONS From 1990-2019, TB death number, ASMR, and ASDR decreased. It is important to note that, despite the decreasing burden of TB, it remains a major public health problem, especially in low SDI countries. It is necessary to design and implement suitable strategies to address the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hongsen Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Junhang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Donglei Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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18
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Borah Slater K, Kim D, Chand P, Xu Y, Shaikh H, Undale V. A Current Perspective on the Potential of Nanomedicine for Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:100. [PMID: 36828516 PMCID: PMC9965948 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten infectious diseases that cause the highest amount of human mortality and morbidity. This infection, which is caused by a single pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, kills over a million people every year. There is an emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance in TB that needs urgent treatment and management. Tuberculosis treatment is complicated by its complex drug regimen, its lengthy duration and the serious side-effects caused by the drugs required. There are a number of critical issues around drug delivery and subsequent intracellular bacterial clearance. Drugs have a short lifespan in systemic circulation, which limits their activity. Nanomedicine in TB is an emerging research area which offers the potential of effective drug delivery using nanoparticles and a reduction in drug doses and side-effects to improve patient compliance with the treatment and enhance their recovery. Here, we provide a minireview of anti-TB treatment, research progress on nanomedicine and the prospects for future applications in developing innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Borah Slater
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UK
| | - Daniel Kim
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UK
| | - Pooja Chand
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UK
| | - Ye Xu
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UK
| | - Hanif Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
- Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory and Evaluation (CARE) Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Vaishali Undale
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
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Explicit molecular dynamics simulation studies to discover novel natural compound analogues as Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibitors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13324. [PMID: 36816262 PMCID: PMC9932657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in one of the dreadful diseases present globally. This is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis dethiobiotin synthetase (MtDTBS) is an essential enzyme in biotin biosynthesis and is an ideal target to design and develop novel inhibitors. In order to effectively combat this disease six natural compound (butein) analogues were subjected to molecular docking to determine their binding mode and the binding affinities. The resultant complex structures were subjected to 500 ns simulation run to estimate their binding stabilities using GROMACS. The molecular dynamics simulation studies provided essential evidence that the systems were stable during the progression of 500 ns simulation run. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) of all the systems was found to be below 0.3 nm stating that the systems are well converged. The radius of gyration (Rg) profiles indicated that the systems were highly compact without any major fluctuations. The principle component analysis (PCA) and Gibbs energy landscape studies have revealed that the comp3, comp5 and comp11 systems navigated marginally through the PC2. The intermolecular interactions have further demonstrated that all the compounds have displayed key residue interactions, firmly holding the ligands at the binding pocket. The residue Lys37 was found consistently to interact with all the ligands highlighting its potential role in inhibiting the MtDTBS. Our investigation further put forth two novel compounds (comp10 and comp11) as putative antituberculosis agents. Collectively, we propose six compounds has plausible inhibitors to curtail TB and further can act as scaffolds in designing new compounds.
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20
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Namusobya M, Bongomin F, Mukisa J, Batte C, Olwit WK, Rhein J, Sekaggya-Wiltshire C, Prasad S. The Impact of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis Co-infection on the Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Uganda. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2389854. [PMID: 36711486 PMCID: PMC9882611 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2389854/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Both pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) significantly affect health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). We aimed to determine the impact of CPA co-infection on the HR-QoL of Ugandans with PTB. Methods We conducted a prospective study among participants with PTB with persistent pulmonary symptoms after 2 months of anti-TB treatment at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda between July 2020 and June 2021. HR-QoL was assessed using St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) at enrollment and at the end of PTB treatment (4 months apart). SGRQ scores range from 0 to 100, with higher score representing a poorer HR-QoL. Results Of the 162 participants enrolled, 32 (19.8%) had CPA + PTB and 130 (80.2%) had PTB only. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. Regarding overall health, a higher proportion of the PTB only group rated their HR-QoL as "very good" compared to those who had both TB and CPA (68 (54.0%) versus 8 (25.8%)). At enrollment, both groups had comparable median SGRQ scores. However, at follow up, the PTB only group had statistically significantly better SGRQ scores (interquartile range); symptoms (0 (0 - 12.4) versus 14.4 (0 - 42.9), p < 0.001), activity ((0 (0 - 17.1) versus 12.2 (0 - 35.5), p = .03), impact (0 (0 - 4.0) versus 3.1 (0 - 22.5), p = 0.004), and total scores ((0 (0 - 8.5) versus 7.6 (0 - 27.4), p = 0.005). Conclusion CPA co-infection impairs HR-QoL of people with PTB. Active screening and management of CPA in patients with PTB is recommended to improve HR-QoL of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Namusobya
- Makerere University CHS: Makerere University College of Health Sciences
| | | | - John Mukisa
- Makerere University Faculty of Medicine: Makerere University College of Health Sciences
| | - Charles Batte
- Makerere University Faculty of Medicine: Makerere University College of Health Sciences
| | - William Kane Olwit
- Makerere University Medical School: Makerere University College of Health Sciences
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Larsen SE, Erasmus JH, Reese VA, Pecor T, Archer J, Kandahar A, Hsu FC, Nicholes K, Reed SG, Baldwin SL, Coler RN. An RNA-Based Vaccine Platform for Use against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010130. [PMID: 36679975 PMCID: PMC9862644 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), a bacterial pathogen that causes tuberculosis disease (TB), exerts an extensive burden on global health. The complex nature of M.tb, coupled with different TB disease stages, has made identifying immune correlates of protection challenging and subsequently slowing vaccine candidate progress. In this work, we leveraged two delivery platforms as prophylactic vaccines to assess immunity and subsequent efficacy against low-dose and ultra-low-dose aerosol challenges with M.tb H37Rv in C57BL/6 mice. Our second-generation TB vaccine candidate ID91 was produced as a fusion protein formulated with a synthetic TLR4 agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion) or as a novel replicating-RNA (repRNA) formulated in a nanostructured lipid carrier. Protein subunit- and RNA-based vaccines preferentially elicit cellular immune responses to different ID91 epitopes. In a single prophylactic immunization screen, both platforms reduced pulmonary bacterial burden compared to the controls. Excitingly, in prime-boost strategies, the groups that received heterologous RNA-prime, protein-boost or combination immunizations demonstrated the greatest reduction in bacterial burden and a unique humoral and cellular immune response profile. These data are the first to report that repRNA platforms are a viable system for TB vaccines and should be pursued with high-priority M.tb antigens containing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E. Larsen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jesse H. Erasmus
- HDT BioCorp, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Valerie A. Reese
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tiffany Pecor
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Childrens Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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Zeynali kelishomi F, Khanjani S, Fardsanei F, Saghi Sarabi H, Nikkhahi F, Dehghani B. Bacteriophages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, their diversity, and potential therapeutic uses: a review. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:957. [PMID: 36550444 PMCID: PMC9773572 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is a highly infectious disease and worldwide health problem. Based on the WHO TB report, 9 million active TB cases are emerging, leading to 2 million deaths each year. The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) strains emphasizes the necessity to improve novel therapeutic plans. Among the various developing antibacterial approaches, phage therapy is thought to be a precise hopeful resolution. Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria such as Mycobacterium spp., containing the M. tuberculosis complex. Phages and phage-derived proteins can act as promising antimicrobial agents. Also, phage cocktails can broaden the spectrum of lysis activity against bacteria. Recent researches have also shown the effective combination of antibiotics and phages to defeat the infective bacteria. There are limitations and concerns about phage therapy. For example, human immune response to phage therapy, transferring antibiotic resistance genes, emerging resistance to phages, and safety issues. So, in the present study, we introduced mycobacteriophages, their use as therapeutic agents, and their advantages and limitations as therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zeynali kelishomi
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Susan Khanjani
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fardsanei
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hediyeh Saghi Sarabi
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Behzad Dehghani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Bacteriology-Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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23
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Trawally M, Demir-Yazıcı K, İpek Dingis-Birgül S, Kaya K, Akdemir A, Güzel-Akdemir Ö. Dithiocarbamates and dithiocarbonates containing 6-nitrosaccharin scaffold: Synthesis, antimycobacterial activity and in silico target prediction using ensemble docking-based reverse virtual screening. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Luo X, Zeng X, Gong L, Ye Y, Sun C, Chen T, Zhang Z, Tao Y, Zeng H, Zou Q, Yang Y, Li J, Sun H. Nanomaterials in tuberculosis DNA vaccine delivery: historical perspective and current landscape. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2912-2924. [PMID: 36081335 PMCID: PMC9467597 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2120565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations, especially DNA vaccines that promote host immunity, are the most effective interventions for tuberculosis (TB) control. However, the vaccine delivery system exhibits a significant impact on the protective effects of the vaccine. Recently, effective nanomaterial-based delivery systems (including nanoparticles, nanogold, nanoliposomes, virus-like particles, and virus carriers) have been developed for DNA vaccines to control TB. This review highlights the historical development of various nanomaterial-based delivery systems for TB DNA vaccines, along with the emerging technologies. Nanomaterial-based vaccine delivery systems could enhance the efficacy of TB vaccination; therefore, this summary could guide nanomaterial selection for optimal and safe vaccine delivery, facilitating the design and development of highly effective TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zeng
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Ye
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cun Sun
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zelong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yikun Tao
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Yang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieping Li
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Department of Hematology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwu Sun
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Singh S, Maurya SK, Aqdas M, Bashir H, Arora A, Bhalla V, Agrewala JN. Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits MPT64 to generate myeloid-derived suppressor cells to evade the immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:567. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Patel M, Mazumder R, Mishra R, Kant Kaushik K. Potential of Nanotechnology-based Formulations in Combating Pulmonary Infectious Diseases: A Current Scenario. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3413-3427. [PMID: 36397631 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221116143138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary microbial infection is mainly caused by microbes like atypical bacteria, viruses, and fungi, on both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. One of the demands of the present is the use of nanotechnology-based treatments to fight various lung infections. AIM The main aim of the study is to explore all pulmonary infectious diseases and to compare the advanced and novel treatment approaches with the conventional methods which are available to treat infections. METHODS This work sheds light on pulmonary infectious diseases with their conventional and present treatment approaches along with a focus on the advantageous roles of nano-based formulations. In the literature, it has been reported that the respiratory system is the key target of various infectious diseases which gives rise to various challenges in the treatment of pulmonary infections. RESULTS The present review article describes the global situation of pulmonary infections and the different strategies which are available for their management, along with their limitations. The article also highlights the advantages and different examples of nanoformulations currently combating the limitations of conventional therapies. CONCLUSION The content of the present article further reflects on the summary of recently published research and review works on pulmonary infections, conventional methods of treatment with their limitations, and the role of nano-based approaches to combat the existing infectious diseases which will jointly help the researchers to produce effective drug formulations with desired pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Patel
- Pharmacy Institute, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 306, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- Pharmacy Institute, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 306, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Pharmacy Institute, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 306, India
| | - Kamal Kant Kaushik
- Pharmacy Institute, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 306, India
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27
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Gauba K, Gupta S, Shekhawat J, Dutt N, Yadav D, Nag VL, Rao M, Sharma P, Banerjee M. Gene expression, levels and polymorphism (Ala16Val) of Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase in Tuberculosis patients of Rajasthan. Microbes Infect 2022; 25:105075. [PMID: 36356830 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases cause redox imbalance and oxidative stress (OS) in host. Superoxide Dismutases(SOD) decrease this OS. SOD2 gene polymorphism can influence the expression and levels of enzyme. AIM To investigate the association of genetic polymorphism of MnSOD with enzyme levels and mRNA expression in TB patients. METHODS A total of 87 TB patients and 85 healthy individuals participated in the study. The serum SOD2 levels were measured by ELISA. Gene polymorphism was analysed using PCR-RFLP with BsaW1 as the restriction enzyme. Expression was studied by Real-TimePCR. Statistical significance was determined using the Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The median(IQR) serum SOD2 levels of TB patients were lower than those of healthy subjects (4.64(6.48) vs 11.35(20.36)ng/mL respectively,p < 0.001). SOD2 expression was significantly down-regulated in TB patients with a fold change value of 0.312. The Val/Val genotype was higher in the patient group than healthy subjects (36.8% vs 23.5%). However, the difference observed between serum SOD2 levels and mRNA expression in the different genotypes were statistically non-significant. CONCLUSION Significant difference was found between levels and expression of SOD2 in TB patients and healthy controls, but not for SOD2 gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Gauba
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, 342005, India
| | - Shruti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, 342005, India
| | - Jyoti Shekhawat
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, 342005, India
| | - Naveen Dutt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, 342005, India
| | - Dharmveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, 342005, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Nag
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, 342005, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, 342005, India
| | - Mithu Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, 342005, India.
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28
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Sy MCC, Espiritu AI, Pascual JLR. Global Frequency and Clinical Features of Stroke in Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis: A Systematic Review. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2229282. [PMID: 36048445 PMCID: PMC9437750 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.29282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Stroke in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To determine the country-specific, regional, and overall prevalence of stroke among patients with TBM, including their clinical manifestations, stroke locations, and outcomes. EVIDENCE REVIEW This systematic review searched records in MEDLINE by PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE until July 2020 for relevant articles on the occurrence and characteristics of stroke in TBM. Randomized clinical trials and cohort studies that included a population of patients with TBM were analyzed for clinical manifestations, type of stroke, area of stroke, vascular territory, and outcomes. Studies that did not report the occurrence of stroke, reported as abstract only with no full-texts available, and articles not in English were excluded. The country-specific, regional, and overall frequencies of stroke among patients with TBM were determined; secondary analysis enumerated the summary estimates of the clinical presentations, common locations of stroke, and outcomes. The Murad tool was used to assess methodological quality. FINDINGS From 852 articles identified, 71 studies involving 2194 patients with stroke in TBM were included. The sample size for each study ranged from 17 to 806 patients. The frequency of stroke in TBM showed an estimate of 0.30 (95% CI, 0.26-0.33). The most common clinical manifestations were fever and headache. The lateral striate, middle cerebral, and medial striate arteries were typically affected. The basal ganglia, cortex and lobar, and internal capsule were the frequently involved areas of the brain. The pooled proportions of mortality and poor outcomes were 0.22 (95% CI, 0.16-0.29) and 0.51 (95% CI, 0.37-0.66), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic review suggest that stroke is considerably frequent among patients with TBM. The reported frequencies of stroke in TBM and its clinical features vary across the studies and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Charmaine C. Sy
- Division of Adult Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Adrian I. Espiritu
- Division of Adult Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jose Leonard R. Pascual
- Division of Adult Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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29
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Stephanie F, Saragih M, Tambunan USF, Siahaan TJ. Structural Design and Synthesis of Novel Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transcription. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091333. [PMID: 36143370 PMCID: PMC9506182 DOI: 10.3390/life12091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Although several established antitubercular drugs have been found, various factors obstruct efforts to combat this disease due to the existence of drug-resistance (DR) TB strains, the need for lengthy treatment, and the occurrence of side effects from drug–drug interactions. Rifampicin (RIF) is the first line of antitubercular drugs and targets RNA polymerase (RNAP) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Here, RIF blocks the synthesis of long RNA during transcription initiation. The efficacy of RIF is low in DR-TB strains, and the use of RIF leads to various side effects. In this study, novel cyclic peptides were computationally designed as inhibitors of MTB transcription initiation. The designed cyclic peptides were subjected to a virtual screening to generate compounds that can bind to the RIF binding site in MTB RNAP subunit β (RpoB) for obtaining a new potential TB drug with a safe clinical profile. The molecular simulations showed that the cyclic peptides were capable of binding with RpoB mutants, suggesting that they can be possibility utilized for treating DR-TB. Structural modifications were carried out by acetylation and amidation of the N- and C-terminus, respectively, to improve their plasma stability and bioavailability. The modified linear and cyclic peptides were successfully synthesized with a solid-phase peptide synthesis method using Fmoc chemistry, and they were characterized by analytical HPLC, LC-ESI-MS+, and 1H NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filia Stephanie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia
| | - Mutiara Saragih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia
| | - Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia
| | - Teruna J. Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(785)-864-7327
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Eoh H, Liu R, Lim J, Lee JJ, Sell P. Central carbon metabolism remodeling as a mechanism to develop drug tolerance and drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:958240. [PMID: 36072228 PMCID: PMC9441700 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.958240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal efficacy of the current antibiotic regimens and frequent emergence of antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), an etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), render TB the world’s deadliest infectious disease before the COVID-19 outbreak. Our outdated TB treatment method is designed to eradicate actively replicating populations of Mtb. Unfortunately, accumulating evidence suggests that a small population of Mtb can survive antimycobacterial pressure of antibiotics by entering a “persister” state (slowly replicating or non-replicating and lacking a stably heritable antibiotic resistance, termed drug tolerance). The formation of drug-tolerant Mtb persisters is associated with TB treatment failure and is thought to be an adaptive strategy for eventual development of permanent genetic mutation-mediated drug resistance. Thus, the molecular mechanisms behind persister formation and drug tolerance acquisition are a source of new antibiotic targets to eradicate both Mtb persisters and drug-resistant Mtb. As Mtb persisters are genetically identical to antibiotic susceptible populations, metabolomics has emerged as a vital biochemical tool to differentiate these populations by determining phenotypic shifts and metabolic reprogramming. Metabolomics, which provides detailed insights into the molecular basis of drug tolerance and resistance in Mtb, has unique advantages over other techniques by its ability to identify specific metabolic differences between the two genetically identical populations. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the metabolic adaptations used by Mtb persisters to achieve intrinsic drug tolerance and facilitate the emergence of drug resistance. These findings present metabolomics as a powerful tool to identify previously unexplored antibiotic targets and improved combinations of drug regimens against drug-resistant TB infection.
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31
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Singh P, Tiwari S, Yadav A, Singh S, Thareja S, Mohimen A, Dhull P, Ahuja NB, Mitra D. Pulmonary cavitation in follow-up COVID 2019 cases: An etiological perspective. Med J Armed Forces India 2022:S0377-1237(22)00098-3. [PMID: 35999863 PMCID: PMC9388290 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global healthcare challenge that has caused morbidity and mortality at unprecedented levels. Since the post-COVID pulmonary complications are evolving and challenging, a study was carried out to assess pulmonary cavitation in follow-up COVID cases from an etiological perspective. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of pulmonary cavitation and describe its etiology and evolution in moderate and severe post-COVID pneumonia patients. Methods A prospective observational study of all patients admitted to our institution with moderate or severe COVID pneumonia was carried out. Some of these patients again became symptomatic after discharge and developed pulmonary cavitation on imaging. Results 6.2% (n = 37) out of 589 patients admitted to our institution with moderate or severe COVID pneumonia developed pulmonary cavitation on follow-up. We describe the imaging characteristics of post-COVID cavitation and present these patients' clinical, laboratory, and microbiological parameters. Conclusion Cavitary lung disease in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease is not uncommon, and an etiological workup is necessary to institute timely and correct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Pulmonologist, Command Hospital (Central Command), Lucknow, India
| | - Saurabh Tiwari
- Pulmonologist, Command Hospital (Central Command), Lucknow, India
| | - Aseem Yadav
- Pulmonologist, Command Hospital (Central Command), Lucknow, India
| | | | - Sandeep Thareja
- Commandant, Command Hospital (Central Command), Lucknow, India
| | - Aneesh Mohimen
- Intervention Radiologist, Command Hospital (Central Command), Lucknow, India
| | - Pawan Dhull
- Neurologist, Command Hospital (Central Command), Lucknow, India
| | - Nitin B Ahuja
- Instructor, Officers Training College, Lucknow, India
| | - Debdeep Mitra
- Dermatologist, Command Hospital (Air Force), Bengaluru, India
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32
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Taheri A, Fakhar M, Sharifpour A, Nakhaei M, Banimostafavi ES. Lophomonas and Mycobacterium co-infection: the first molecular evidence to overcome potential diagnostic pitfalls. Oxf Med Case Reports 2022; 2022:omac064. [DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Lophomoniasis is an emerging protozoan disease that mostly involves the lungs. Because the disease has similar symptoms to other pulmonary infections such as tuberculosis, most cases are underdiagnosed. Here, we present a patient with co-infection of Lophomonas/Mycobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmasoud Taheri
- Parasitology Department , Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Parasitology Department , Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifpour
- Parasitology Department , Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Nakhaei
- Parasitology Department , Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elham Sadat Banimostafavi
- Parasitology Department , Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Radiology Department , Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), , Sari, Iran
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), , Sari, Iran
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33
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Chia SPS, Kong SLY, Pang JKS, Soh BS. 3D Human Organoids: The Next “Viral” Model for the Molecular Basis of Infectious Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071541. [PMID: 35884846 PMCID: PMC9312734 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has driven the scientific community to adopt an efficient and reliable model that could keep up with the infectious disease arms race. Coinciding with the pandemic, three dimensional (3D) human organoids technology has also gained traction in the field of infectious disease. An in vitro construct that can closely resemble the in vivo organ, organoid technology could bridge the gap between the traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models. By harnessing the multi-lineage characteristic of the organoid that allows for the recapitulation of the organotypic structure and functions, 3D human organoids have emerged as an essential tool in the field of infectious disease research. In this review, we will be providing a comparison between conventional systems and organoid models. We will also be highlighting how organoids played a role in modelling common infectious diseases and molecular mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of causative agents. Additionally, we present the limitations associated with the current organoid models and innovative strategies that could resolve these shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Pei Shan Chia
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, ASTAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (S.P.S.C.); (S.L.Y.K.); (J.K.S.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Sharleen Li Ying Kong
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, ASTAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (S.P.S.C.); (S.L.Y.K.); (J.K.S.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, ASTAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (S.P.S.C.); (S.L.Y.K.); (J.K.S.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, ASTAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (S.P.S.C.); (S.L.Y.K.); (J.K.S.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Jamwal A, Mohanty A, Swami A, Turbadkar D. Impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis services: an experience from a tertiary care hospital. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35737515 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. India is home to the most significant number of tuberculosis (TB) cases around the globe. The COVID-19 crisis has massively affected TB healthcare services in the country.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Are we sufficiently equipped to fight against TB during emergencies?Aim. Our study aims to provide a true insight into the disruption of TB care during the pandemic period at a tertiary care hospital in India.Methods. A retrospective observational cohort analysis was conducted on 6491 patients who accessed the TB diagnostics at the tertiary care hospital during the study period, i.e. the COVID-19 pandemic period (March 2020 to March 2021) compared with 14 665 in the control period (March 2019 to Feb 2020).Results. Out of the total tested, 3136 patients were notified as new TB cases in the study period than 4370 in the control period (P-value=0.0000001), i.e. 28.23 % decline in notifications. A drastic decline of 69 % in notifications was observed during the lock down months in the pandemic period, i.e. March to June 2020 (P-value=0.00001). A reduction of 44 % in treatment accession by 3690 TB patients in the control period compared with 2062 in the study period (P-value=0.0000001) was noted. Lost to follow-up patients increased by 65 % from 460 in the control period to 760 in the study period (P-value=0.0000001). Also, an increased death rate by 43 % from control to study period (P-value=0.0000001) was reported.Conclusion. There is an urgent need to maintain the continuity of essential TB services to reduce the rising burden in vulnerable populations. The need of the hour is to undertake novel strategies for tuberculosis control to combat such emergencies in the coming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Jamwal
- Department of Microbiology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankita Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjali Swami
- Department of Microbiology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dilip Turbadkar
- Department of Microbiology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Heidary M, Shirani M, Moradi M, Goudarzi M, Pouriran R, Rezaeian T, Khoshnood S. Tuberculosis challenges: Resistance, co-infection, diagnosis, and treatment. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2022; 12:1-17. [PMID: 35420996 PMCID: PMC9036649 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2021.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), followed by effective treatment, is the cornerstone of global TB control efforts. An estimated 3 million cases of TB remain undetected each year. Early detection and effective management of TB can prevent severe disease and reduce mortality and transmission. Intrinsic and acquired drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) severely restricted the anti-TB therapeutic options, and public health policies are required to preserve the new medications to treat TB. In addition, TB and HIV frequently accelerate the progression of each other, and one disease can enhance the other effect. Overall, TB-HIV co-infections show an adverse bidirectional interaction. For HIV-infected patients, the risk of developing TB disease is approximately 22 times higher than for persons with a protective immune response. Analysis of the current TB challenges is critical to meet the goals of the end TB strategy and can go a long way in eradicating the disease. It provides opportunities for global TB control and demonstrates the efforts required to accelerate eliminating TB. This review will discuss the main challenges of the TB era, including resistance, co-infection, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Melika Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebe Rezaeian
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Diriba K, Awulachew E. Associated risk factor of tuberculosis infection among adult patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221086725. [PMID: 35356810 PMCID: PMC8958711 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221086725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem causing death among millions of people each year. Even though many of the World Health Organization recommended tuberculosis control strategies were implemented, there is still a major gap in tuberculosis case detection and treatment which resulted in rapid transmission of the cases in high burden countries. This study aimed to provide updated information on the contributing factors for the development of tuberculosis. Methods A case-control study was carried out in Gedeo Zone from February to July 2021 to assess the risk factors of tuberculosis. Cases were confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis patients with age ⩾18 years, while controls were participants who were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis negative with the same age. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the associated risk factor. Results A total of 368 individuals (173 cases and 173 controls) were included in this study. Based on the multivariable logistic regression analysis, we identified six variables as independent risk factors for the development of tuberculosis after controlling possible confounders. Those were patients with income <1500 Ethiopian birr per month (adjusted odds ratio = 2.35; 95% confidence interval: 1.22-3.97), patients with no educational background (illiterate) (adjusted odds ratio = 2.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.17-2.51), patients smoking cigarette (adjusted odds ratio = 2.89; 95% confidence interval: 2.10-3.82), patients chewing khat (adjusted odds ratio = 2.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.28-3.79), patients in close contact with known tuberculosis cases (adjusted odds ratio = 3.63; 95% confidence interval: 2.24-4.46), and patients being positive for HIV (adjusted odds ratio = 3.01; 95% confidence interval: 1.07-3.52) who were found to be significantly associated with tuberculosis development, while Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination had a protective effect against the development of tuberculosis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.52; 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.88). Conclusion The priority should be given to the identified contributing factors through application of coordinated efforts on screening of patients suspected for pulmonary tuberculosis and all contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and treatment of known tuberculosis cases, and appropriate control methods to reduce Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuma Diriba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Awulachew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science and Medical College, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Larsen SE, Williams BD, Rais M, Coler RN, Baldwin SL. It Takes a Village: The Multifaceted Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Vaccine-Induced Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840225. [PMID: 35359957 PMCID: PMC8960931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite co-evolving with humans for centuries and being intensely studied for decades, the immune correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have yet to be fully defined. This lapse in understanding is a major lag in the pipeline for evaluating and advancing efficacious vaccine candidates. While CD4+ T helper 1 (TH1) pro-inflammatory responses have a significant role in controlling Mtb infection, the historically narrow focus on this cell population may have eclipsed the characterization of other requisite arms of the immune system. Over the last decade, the tuberculosis (TB) research community has intentionally and intensely increased the breadth of investigation of other immune players. Here, we review mechanistic preclinical studies as well as clinical anecdotes that suggest the degree to which different cell types, such as NK cells, CD8+ T cells, γ δ T cells, and B cells, influence infection or disease prevention. Additionally, we categorically outline the observed role each major cell type plays in vaccine-induced immunity, including Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Novel vaccine candidates advancing through either the preclinical or clinical pipeline leverage different platforms (e.g., protein + adjuvant, vector-based, nucleic acid-based) to purposefully elicit complex immune responses, and we review those design rationales and results to date. The better we as a community understand the essential composition, magnitude, timing, and trafficking of immune responses against Mtb, the closer we are to reducing the severe disease burden and toll on human health inflicted by TB globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E. Larsen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brittany D. Williams
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maham Rais
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Susan L. Baldwin,
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Drug Delivery Strategies and Biomedical Significance of Hydrogels: Translational Considerations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030574. [PMID: 35335950 PMCID: PMC8950534 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a promising and attractive option as polymeric gel networks, which have immensely fascinated researchers across the globe because of their outstanding characteristics such as elevated swellability, the permeability of oxygen at a high rate, good biocompatibility, easy loading, and drug release. Hydrogels have been extensively used for several purposes in the biomedical sector using versatile polymers of synthetic and natural origin. This review focuses on functional polymeric materials for the fabrication of hydrogels, evaluation of different parameters of biocompatibility and stability, and their application as carriers for drugs delivery, tissue engineering and other therapeutic purposes. The outcome of various studies on the use of hydrogels in different segments and how they have been appropriately altered in numerous ways to attain the desired targeted delivery of therapeutic agents is summarized. Patents and clinical trials conducted on hydrogel-based products, along with scale-up translation, are also mentioned in detail. Finally, the potential of the hydrogel in the biomedical sector is discussed, along with its further possibilities for improvement for the development of sophisticated smart hydrogels with pivotal biomedical functions.
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Diriba K, Churiso G. The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene Xpert among tuberculosis suspected patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:24. [PMID: 35151350 PMCID: PMC8840317 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease remains a major global health problem and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Even though many of the WHO recommended TB control strategies were implemented; there is still a major gap in TB case detection and treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among presumptive TB patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 TB suspected patients in Gedeo Zone from February to July 2021. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Laboratory examination was processed using Xpert-MTB/RIF assay. Data entry was made using Epi info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors. Results Out of 384 study participants suspected with TB, M. tuberculosis was isolated from 103 giving an overall prevalence of 26.8%. Males (AOR) = 1.95; 95% CI 1.56–2.65, P = 0.01) were more likely to develop TB than females. Study participants who were illiterate (AOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.17–2.51, P = 0.014) were more likely to develop TB than the educated ones. Cigarette smokers (AOR 2.89; 95% CI 2.10–3.84, P = 0.01), khat chewers (AOR 2.86; 95% CI 1.28–3.79, P = 0.01), vaccination (AOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.21–0.88, P = 0.02), close contact (AOR 3.42; 95% CI 2.24–4.50, P = 0.01) and being positive for HIV (AOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.07–3.52, 0.01) were more likely to develop TB. Conclusion Despite implementation of national and international TB control strategies, TB still remains one of the major public health problems in the country especially in the study area. The high prevalence of MTB was reported different risk groups. Early case detection and management of TB should be given special attention to strengthen and an appropriate control and prevention methods to reduce the emergence and increasing of MTB cases.
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Galvin J, Tiberi S, Akkerman O, Kerstjens HAM, Kunst H, Kurhasani X, Ambrosino N, Migliori GB. Pulmonary tuberculosis in intensive care setting, with a focus on the use of severity scores, a multinational collaborative systematic review. Pulmonology 2022; 28:297-309. [PMID: 35227650 PMCID: PMC9420544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Tuberculosis (TB) is associated with a high mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), especially in subjects with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation. Despite its global burden on morbidity and mortality, TB is an uncommon cause of ICU admission, however mortality is disproportionate to the advances in diagnosis and treatment made. Herein we report a systematic review of published studies. Methods Our Literature search was conducted to identify studies on outcomes of individuals with TB admitted to ICU. We report and review in-hospital mortality, predictors of poorer outcomes, usefulness of severity scoring systems and potential benefits of intravenous antibiotics. Searches from Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and Medline were conducted from inception to March 2020. Only literature in English was included. Results Out of 529 potentially relevant articles, 17 were included. Mortality across all studies ranged from 29-95% with an average of 52.9%. All severity scores underestimated average mortality. The most common indication for ICU admission was acute respiratory failure (36.3%). Negative predictors of outcome included hospital acquired infections, need of mechanical ventilation and vasopressors, delay in initiation of anti-TB treatment, more than one organ failure and a higher severity score. Low income, high incidence countries showed a 23.4% higher mortality rate compared to high income, low TB incidence countries. Conclusion Mortality in individuals with TB admitted to ICU is high. Earlier detection and treatment initiation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Galvin
- Department of Infection, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Tiberi
- Department of Infection, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Akkerman
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Tuberculosis center Beatrixoord, Haren, the Netherlands
| | - H A M Kerstjens
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherland; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Tuberculosis center Beatrixoord, Haren, the Netherlands
| | - H Kunst
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - N Ambrosino
- Pneumology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Montescano, Italy
| | - G B Migliori
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Via Roncaccio 16, Tradate 21049, Italy.
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Aro AO, Famuyide IM, Oyagbemi AA, Kabongo-Kayoka PN, McGaw LJ. In Vitro Potential of the Acetone Leaf Extract and Fractions of Psychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke (Rubiaceae) to Combat Co-Infection of Tuberculosis and Helminthiasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:744137. [PMID: 35087402 PMCID: PMC8787188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.744137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of global importance that affects millions of people. Approximately a quarter of the world’s population is currently infected with M. tuberculosis, and about 10% of those infected will develop into active disease, particularly immune compromised individuals. Helminthiasis is of global health importance, affecting over 2 billion people mostly in resource-poor countries. Co-infection with tuberculosis (TB) and helminths (worms) is an emerging global public health concern with both affecting about one-third of the global population. Chronic infection with helminths can result in impaired immune responses to TB as well as enhancing failure to TB therapy and BCG vaccination. Antimycobacterial and anthelmintic activities of the acetone extract and fractions of Psychotria capensis were evaluated, including their in vitro safety. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect of the fractions and crude extract of P. capensis were assessed. Antimycobacterial activity of the extract and fractions was tested against four non-tuberculous mycobacteria (Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. fortuitum, M. aurum, M. bovis BCG) and pathogenic M. tuberculosis H37Rv while the Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) was used for the anthelmintic test on eggs of Haemonchus contortus. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero kidney cells while in vitro immune modulation via cytokine production was determined on activated macrophages. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the Psychotria capensis acetone extract and fractions ranged from 39 to 1,250 μg/ml with the crude extract and hexane fraction having the best MIC values (both 39 μg/ml). In the EHA, the inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 160 to 630 μg/ml with the hexane fraction having the best activity. The hexane and chloroform fractions were relatively non-toxic with LC50 values of 290 and 248 μg/ml respectively, while the acetone crude extract (64 μg/ml) and n-butanol fraction (71 μg/ml) were moderately toxic. The SI values (LC50/MIC) ranged from 0.1 to 7.4 with the hexane fraction having the highest value against M. smegmatis (7.4). The hexane fraction had the best dual anthelmintic and antimycobacterial activity. This fraction had the best NO inhibitory activity and was the least cytotoxic, indicating that its activity was not due to general metabolic toxicity, with 96.54% cell viability. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12p70 were upregulated while IL-10 expression was inhibited by the extracts. Compounds were detected using GC-MS analysis, and in both the crude acetone extract and the hexane fraction was the diterpene neophytadiene, which has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Finding alternative or complementary approaches to dealing with TB infections by, amongst other things, reducing the incidence of helminth infestations may lessen the burden of TB, contributing to slowing the spread of multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola O Aro
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Ibukun M Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ademola A Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Prudence N Kabongo-Kayoka
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Abdurahman S, Yadeta TA, Ayana DA, Kure MA, Ahmed J, Mehadi A. Magnitude of Depression and Associated Factors Among Patients on Tuberculosis Treatment at Public Health Facilities in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia: Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1405-1419. [PMID: 35855750 PMCID: PMC9287458 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s370795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression among tuberculosis patients remains a significant public health concern. Its burden and severity is increasing in low-income countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Although it has negative impacts on quality of life, depression among tuberculosis patients is rarely studied in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of depression and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 15 to May 15, 2021, among 213 tuberculosis patients in public health facilities of the Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. Study participants were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Depression was assessed using Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Epi-data and SPSS were used for data processing and analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to determine the effects of predictors on depression. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value <0.05. RESULTS The magnitude of depression among tuberculosis patients was 52.1% [95% CI (45.4, 58.8%)]. Patient's age of 25-34 years [AOR = 0.31, 95% CI (0.128, 0.75)], female sex [AOR = 5.04; 95% CI (2.18, 11.62)], intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment [AOR = 2.56; 95% CI (1.118, 5.876)], HIV-positive status [AOR = 7.143; 95% CI (1.55, 32.93)], smoking history [AOR = 9.08; 95% CI (3.35, 24.61)] and having poor social support [AOR = 4.13; 95% CI (1.29, 13.22)] were factors statistically associated with depression. CONCLUSION In this study, the magnitude of depression was relatively high as more than half of the participants had depression. Advanced age, female sex, intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment, HIV-positive status, smoking history, and poor social support were identified as associated factors with depression. Therefore, this result calls all stakeholders to give duly emphasis on incorporating and integrating mental health support programs as routine practice in tuberculosis follow-up clinics, as screening, early detection and treatment, and training for all health care providers are very crucial in tackling depression among tuberculosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shame Abdurahman
- Department of Public Health, Gorogutu Woreda Health Office, Kara-Mille, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dasalegn Admassu Ayana
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abdurke Kure
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Ahmed
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ame Mehadi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Vyas N, Punchathidil R, Swain A, Shakeer I, Reddy BS, Manu MK, Miraj SS. Repurposing of Metformin for the prevention and treatment of Tuberculosis. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navya Vyas
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sonal Sekhar Miraj
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
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Prabhu P, Fernandes T, Damani M, Chaubey P, Narayanan S, Sawarkar S. 2Receptor Specific Ligand conjugated Nanocarriers: an Effective Strategy for Targeted Therapy of Tuberculosis. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:830-845. [PMID: 34915835 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666211216141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient chronic disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has affected mankind for more than 4,000 years. Compliance with the standard conventional treatment can assure recovery from tuberculosis, but emergence of drug resistant strains pose a great challenge for effective management of tuberculosis. The process of discovery and development of new therapeutic entities with better specificity and efficacy is unpredictable and time consuming. Hence, delivery of pre-existing drugs with improved targetability is the need of the hour. Enhanced delivery and targetability can ascertain improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity, decreased frequency of dosing and therefore better patient compliance. Nanoformulations are being explored for effective delivery of therapeutic agents, however optimum specificity is not guaranteed. In order to achieve specificity, ligands specific to receptors or cellular components of macrophage and Mycobacteria can be conjugatedto nanocarriers. This approach can improve localization of existing drug molecules at the intramacrophageal site where the parasites reside, improve targeting to the unique cell wall structure of Mycobacterium or improve adhesion to epithelial surface of intestine or alveolar tissue (lectins). Present review focuses on the investigation of various ligands like Mannose, Mycolic acid, Lectin, Aptamers etc. installed nanocarriers that are being envisaged for targeting antitubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai. Saudi Arabia
| | - Trinette Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai. Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansi Damani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai. Saudi Arabia
| | - Pramila Chaubey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi. Saudi Arabia
| | - Shridhar Narayanan
- Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, 20A, KIADB Industrial Area Veerapura, Doddaballapur, Bengaluru, Karnataka 561203. India
| | - Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai. Saudi Arabia
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Kumar N, Khan N, Cleveland D, Geiger JD. A common approach for fighting tuberculosis and leprosy: controlling endoplasmic reticulum stress in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1555-1563. [PMID: 34743608 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy and tuberculosis are infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria, and both share primary risk factors. Mediators of these diseases are regulated by a heterogeneous immature population of myeloid cells called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that exhibit immunosuppressive activity against innate and adaptive immunity. During pathological conditions, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs in MDSCs, and high levels of ER stress affect MDSC-linked immunosuppressive activity. Investigating the role of ER stress in regulating immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs in leprosy and tuberculosis may lead to new approaches to treating these diseases. Here the authors discuss the immunoregulatory effects of ER stress in MDSCs as well as the possibility of targeting unfolded protein response elements of ER stress to diminish the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and reinvigorate diminished adaptive immune system responses that occur in leprosy and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Dawn Cleveland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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Identification of Hub Genes in Tuberculosis via Bioinformatics Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8159879. [PMID: 34671419 PMCID: PMC8523273 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8159879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It is one of the deadliest diseases in the world and a heavy burden for people all over the world. However, the hub genes involved in the host response remain largely unclear. Methods The data set GSE11199 was studied to clarify the potential gene network and signal transduction pathway in TB. The subjects were divided into latent tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis, and the distribution of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was analyzed between them using GEO2R. We verified the enriched process and pathway of DEGs by making use of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). The construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was achieved through making use of the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), aiming at identifying hub genes. Then, the hub gene expression level in latent and pulmonary tuberculosis was verified by a boxplot. Finally, through making use of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), we further analyzed the pathways related to DEGs in the data set GSE11199 to show the changing pattern between latent and pulmonary tuberculosis. Results We identified 98 DEGs in total in the data set GSE11199, 91 genes upregulated and 7 genes downregulated included. The enrichment of GO and KEGG pathways demonstrated that upregulated DEGs were mainly abundant in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, response to interferon-gamma, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, beta-galactosidase activity, measles, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, etc. Based on the PPI network, we obtained 4 hub genes with a higher degree, namely, CTLA4, GZMB, GZMA, and PRF1. The box plot showed that these 4 hub gene expression levels in the pulmonary tuberculosis group were higher than those in the latent group. Finally, through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), it was concluded that DEGs were largely associated with proteasome and primary immunodeficiency. Conclusions This study reveals the coordination of pathogenic genes during TB infection and offers the diagnosis of TB a promising genome. These hub genes also provide new directions for the development of latent molecular targets for TB treatment.
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Kpossou AR, Adjadohoun S, Diallo K, Badarou S, Ngamo G, Sokpon CNM, Vignon RK, Takin R, Yekpè P, Sehonou J, Biaou O. [Multifocal tuberculosis simulating multimetastatic colon cancer in an immunocompetent black African patient: a case report]. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:167. [PMID: 34539963 PMCID: PMC8434783 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.167.26879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
La tuberculose multifocale est rare chez le sujet immunocompétent. Caractérisée par une atteinte d´au moins deux sites extra-pulmonaires, associée ou non à une atteinte pulmonaire, elle est souvent de diagnostic difficile. Nous rapportons un cas de tuberculose multifocale chez un sujet noir africain non immunodéprimé au Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) de Cotonou au Bénin. Il s´agissait d´un jeune homme de 23 ans, sans antécédent particulier, admis pour une douleur abdominale diffuse, associée à une altération de l´état général. L´examen clinique objectivait un état de dénutrition sévère et une ascite de moyenne abondance. L´imagerie à travers les différentes modalités (radiographie du thorax, échographie et tomodensitométrie (TDM)) a objectivé de multiples lésions pulmonaires, hépatiques, pancréatiques, osseuses, ganglionnaires et coliques ayant d´abord fait suspecter un processus tumoral multi-métastatique. Une coloscopie avait ensuite montré une lésion bourgeonnante du caecum, dont les biopsies ont permis de mettre en évidence des Bacilles de Koch par GeneXpert. L´examen anatomo-pathologique des biopsies coliques et le GeneXpert des crachats avaient permis de confirmer la tuberculose multifocale. Mis sous traitement antituberculeux et soutien nutritionnel, l´évolution était marquée par le décès du patient. La tuberculose multifocale demeure une maladie grave, de diagnostic difficile, source d´errance diagnostique en milieu tropical d´autant plus si elle survient sur un terrain immunocompétent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboudou Raïmi Kpossou
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Sonia Adjadohoun
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | | | - Salim Badarou
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Gabriel Ngamo
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Comlan N'déhougbèa Martin Sokpon
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Rodolph Koffi Vignon
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Romulus Takin
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre de Cancérologie de Cotonou, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Patricia Yekpè
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Jean Sehonou
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Olivier Biaou
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
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Abbas S, Denholm J, Kermode M, Xiaoguang Y, Kane S. Receiving healthcare for drug-resistant TB: a cross-sectional survey from Pakistan. Public Health Action 2021; 11:114-119. [PMID: 34567986 DOI: 10.5588/pha.20.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and quantify patients' self-reported experiences of receiving healthcare from Pakistan's Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) model of care, and to understand these experiences within the broader context of Pakistan's health system. METHOD This was a cross-sectional survey of patients attending three PMDT clinics in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province in Pakistan. RESULTS The median consultation time at the PMDT clinics was 10 minutes. In their most recent visit to the PMDT clinic, 34.9% of patients spent >40% of their monthly income to access treatment. To specify, 71% of patients reported spending out-of-pocket for ancillary medicines and 44.7% for laboratory tests. In 10.5% of cases, medicines for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) were dispensed without the patient attending the clinic. Only 43.7% of treatment supporters regularly accompanied patients to the clinic, and 6% supervised the patient's intake of medicines. Disbursement of financial support was irregular in 98.6% of cases. Only 6.2% of patients received their daily injections from a public facility, the rest went elsewhere. CONCLUSION Several shortcomings in PMDT services, including hurried consultations, irregularities in financial support, and gaps in Pakistan's broader health system undermined healthcare experience of patients with DR-TB. To improve health outcomes and patients' care experience these service gaps need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abbas
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Denholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Kermode
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Y Xiaoguang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Kane
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Cho SN, Choi JA, Lee J, Son SH, Lee SA, Nguyen TD, Choi SY, Song CH. Ang II-Induced Hypertension Exacerbates the Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092478. [PMID: 34572127 PMCID: PMC8465031 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known that infection plays a role in the development of hypertension. However, the role of hypertension in the progression of infectious diseases remain unknown. Many countries with high rates of hypertension show geographical overlaps with those showing high incidence rates of tuberculosis (TB). To explore the role of hypertension in tuberculosis, we compared the effects of hypertension during mycobacterial infection, we infected both hypertensive Angiotensin II (Ang II) and control mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Ra by intratracheal injection. Ang II-induced hypertension promotes cell death through both apoptosis and necrosis in Mtb H37Ra infected mouse lungs. Interestingly, we found that lipid accumulation in pulmonary tissues was significantly increased in the hypertension group compared to the normal controls. Ang II-induced hypertension increases the formation of foamy macrophages during Mtb infection and it leads to cell death. Moreover, the hypertension group showed more severe granuloma formation and fibrotic lesions in comparison with the control group. Finally, we observed that the total number of mycobacteria was increased in the lungs in the hypertension group compared to the normal controls. Taken together, these results suggest that hypertension increases intracellular survival of Mtb through formation of foamy macrophages, resulting in severe pathogenesis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Na Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Junghwan Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Son
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Seong-Ahn Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Tam-Doan Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Chang-Hwa Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-580-8245; Fax: +82-42-585-3686
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50
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Konbaz FM, Alassiri SS, Al Eissa SI, Abaalkhail MS, Khdary HN, Albuijan AK. Surgical management of spinal tuberculosis with a two-stage posterior instrumentation with bridging: a case report. J Surg Case Rep 2021; 2021:rjab406. [PMID: 34512950 PMCID: PMC8427878 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) affects millions of people every year. Spinal TB is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of the disease. Spinal TB can be devastating and carries an unfortunate outcome. Herein, we present an atypical spinal TB that was treated initially based on intraoperative cultures with posterior decompression and instrumentation of T11-L3 with directed antibiotic therapy. Recurrence of the lesion and failure of instrumentation necessitated further investigation and intervention 1 year later. Using a two-stage surgical procedure leaving the infected spine to heal first with directed anti-TB medications. The patient was managed using posterior instrumentation with bridging from T5 to the pelvis, spanning the destructed area and utilizing a bridging technique with multiple rod constructs across the infected spine. Here, we present the benefit of using the bridging technique to promote bone healing and achieve a solid fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mohammedsaleh Konbaz
- Orthopaedics Surgery Department, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Saad Alassiri
- Orthopaedics Surgery Department, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Ibrahim Al Eissa
- Orthopaedics Surgery Department, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Salah Abaalkhail
- Orthopaedics Surgery Department, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Nezar Khdary
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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