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Zhao H, Zhang T, Zhang H, Wang Y, Cheng L. Exercise-with-melatonin therapy improves sleep disorder and motor dysfunction in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1336-1343. [PMID: 37905883 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202406000-00038/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T152229Z/r/image-tiff
Exercise-with-melatonin therapy has complementary and synergistic effects on spinal cord injury and Alzheimer’s disease, but its effect on stroke is still poorly understood. In this study, we established a rat model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes. We treated the rats with exercise and melatonin therapy for 7 consecutive days. Results showed that exercise-with-melatonin therapy significantly prolonged sleep duration in the model rats, increased delta power values, and regularized delta power rhythm. Additionally, exercise-with-melatonin therapy improved coordination, endurance, and grip strength, as well as learning and memory abilities. At the same time, it led to higher hippocampal CA1 neuron activity and postsynaptic density thickness and lower expression of glutamate receptor 2 than did exercise or melatonin therapy alone. These findings suggest that exercise-with-melatonin therapy can alleviate sleep disorder and motor dysfunction by increasing glutamate receptor 2 protein expression and regulating hippocampal CA1 synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhao
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlei Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lingna Cheng
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Wang R, Zheng Y, Han Z, Fan J, Yan F, Liu P, Luo Y. Annexin A6 mitigates neurological deficit in ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting synaptic plasticity. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14639. [PMID: 38380783 PMCID: PMC10880127 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alleviating neurological dysfunction caused by acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains intractable. Given Annexin A6 (ANXA6)'s potential in promoting axon branching and repairing cell membranes, the study aimed to explore ANXA6's potential in alleviating AIS-induced neurological dysfunction. METHODS A mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established. Brain and plasma ANXA6 levels were detected at different timepoints post ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We overexpressed and down-regulated brain ANXA6 and evaluated infarction volume, neurological function, and synaptic plasticity-related proteins post I/R. Plasma ANXA6 levels were measured in patients with AIS and healthy controls, investigating ANXA6 expression's clinical significance. RESULTS Brain ANXA6 levels initially decreased, gradually returning to normal post I/R; plasma ANXA6 levels showed an opposite trend. ANXA6 overexpression significantly decreased the modified neurological severity score (p = 0.0109) 1 day post I/R and the infarction area at 1 day (p = 0.0008) and 7 day (p = 0.0013) post I/R, and vice versa. ANXA6 positively influenced synaptic plasticity, upregulating synaptophysin (p = 0.006), myelin basic protein (p = 0.010), neuroligin (p = 0.078), and tropomyosin-related kinase B (p = 0.150). Plasma ANXA6 levels were higher in patients with AIS (1.969 [1.228-3.086]) compared to healthy controls (1.249 [0.757-2.226]) (p < 0.001), that served as an independent risk factor for poor AIS outcomes (2.120 [1.563-3.023], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to suggest that ANXA6 enhances synaptic plasticity and protects against transient cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhenhong Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yangmin Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ziping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junfen Fan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
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Bi W, Bao K, Zhou X, Deng Y, Li X, Zhang J, Lan X, Zhao J, Lu D, Xu Y, Cen Y, Cao R, Xu M, Zhong W, Zhu L. PSMC5 regulates microglial polarization and activation in LPS-induced cognitive deficits and motor impairments by interacting with TLR4. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:277. [PMID: 38001534 PMCID: PMC10668523 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid found in high concentrations in celery and green pepper, and acts as a neuroprotectant. PSMC5 (proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 5) protein levels were reduced after luteolin stimulation in activated microglia. We aimed to determine whether regulating PSMC5 expression could inhibit neuroinflammation, and investigate the underlying mechanisms.BV2 microglia were transfected with siRNA PSMC5 before the addition of LPS (lipopolysaccharide, 1.0 µg/ml) for 24 h in serum free DMEM. A mouse model of LPS-induced cognitive and motor impairment was established to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of shRNA PSMC5. Intracerebroventricular administration of shRNA PSMC5 was commenced 7 days prior to i.p. injection of LPS (750 μg/kg). Treatments and behavioral experiments were performed once daily for 7 consecutive days. Behavioral tests and pathological/biochemical assays were performed to evaluate LPS-induced hippocampal damage. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to confirm the interaction between PSMC5 and TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. SiRNA PSMC5 inhibited BV2 microglial activation, and suppressed the release of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, and iNOS) upon after LPS stimulation in BV2 microglia. LPS increased IκB-α and p65 phosphorylation, which was attenuated by siRNA PSMC5. Behavioral tests and pathological/biochemical assays showed that shRNA PSMC5 attenuated LPS-induced cognitive and motor impairments, and restored synaptic ultrastructure and protein levels in mice. ShRNA PSMC5 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2, and NO) levels in the serum and brain, and relevant protein factors (iNOS and COX-2) in the brain. Furthermore, shRNA PSMC5 upregulated the anti-inflammatory mediators interleukin IL-4 and IL-10 in the serum and brain, and promoted a pro-inflammation-to-anti-inflammation phenotype shift in microglial polarization. Mechanistically, shRNA PSMC5 significantly alleviated LPS-induced TLR4 expression. The polarization of LPS-induced microglial pro-inflammation phenotype was abolished by TLR4 inhibitor and in the TLR-4-/- mouse, as in shRNA PSMC5 treatment. PSMC5 interacted with TLR4 via the amino sites Glu284, Met139, Leu127, and Phe283. PSMC5 site mutations attenuated neuroinflammation and reduced pro-inflammatory factors by reducing TLR4-related effects, thereby reducing TLR4-mediated MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88)-dependent activation of NF-κB. PSMC5 could be an important therapeutic target for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases involving neuroinflammation-associated cognitive deficits and motor impairments induced by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Clinical Neuoscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Keyao Bao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yihui Deng
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Lan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yezi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanmei Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Biology, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- Department of Biology, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Germ-free Animals and Microbiota Application, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Lee Y, Oh BM, Park SH, Han TR. Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Early Subacute Phase of Stroke Enhances Angiogenic Mechanisms in Rats. Ann Rehabil Med 2022; 46:228-236. [DOI: 10.5535/arm.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induced changes in angiogenic mechanisms across different brain regions.Methods Seventy-nine adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a middle cerebral artery occlusion (day 0) and then treated with 1-Hz, 20-Hz, or sham stimulation of their lesioned hemispheres for 2 weeks. The stimulation intensity was set to 100% of the motor threshold. The neurological function was assessed on days 3, 10, and 17. The infarct volume and angiogenesis were measured by histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Brain tissue was harvested from the ischemic core (IC), ischemic border zone (BZ), and contralateral homologous cortex (CH).Results Optical density of angiopoietin1 and synaptophysin in the IC was significantly greater in the low-frequency group than in the sham group (p=0.03 and p=0.03, respectively). The 1-Hz rTMS significantly increased the level of Akt phosphorylation in the BZ (p<0.05 vs. 20 Hz). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation was increased in the IC (p<0.05 vs. 20 Hz), BZ (p<0.05 vs. 20 Hz), and CH (p<0.05 vs. 20 Hz and p<0.05 vs. sham). Real-time PCR demonstrated that low-frequency stimulation significantly increased the transcriptional activity of the TIE2 gene in the IC (p<0.05).Conclusion Low-frequency rTMS of the ipsilesional hemisphere in the early subacute phase of stroke promotes the expression of angiogenic factors and related genes in the brain, particularly in the injured area.
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Zhou R, Zhu L, Zeng Z, Luo R, Zhang J, Guo R, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Bi W. Targeted brain delivery of RVG29-modified rifampicin-loaded nanoparticles for Alzheimer's disease treatment and diagnosis. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10395. [PMID: 36176608 PMCID: PMC9472014 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological features of AD are β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Currently, there are no effective drugs for the etiological treatment of AD. Rifampicin (RIF) is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic with anti-β-amyloid deposition, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and neuroprotective effects, but its application in AD treatment has been limited for its strong hydrophobicity, high toxicity, short half-life, low bioavailability, and blood-brain barrier hindrance. We designed a novel brain-targeted and MRI-characteristic nanomedicine via loading rabies virus protein 29 (RVG29), rifampicin, and Gd on poly (l-lactide) nanoparticles (RIF@PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29). The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that RIF@PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29 had favorable biocompatibility and security. Fluorescence imaging in vivo showed that PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29 could deliver rifampicin into the brain by enhancing cellular uptake and brain targeting performance, leading to improvement of the bioavailability of rifampicin. In in vivo study, RIF@PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29 improved the spatial learning and memory capability of APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze, as compared to rifampicin. Immunofluorescence, TEM, immunoblotting, and H&E staining revealed that RIF@PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29 reduced Aβ deposition in hippocampal and cortex of APP/PS1 mice, improved the damage of synaptic ultrastructure, increased the expression level of PSD95 and SYP, as well as reduced the necrosis of neurons. These findings suggest that RIF@PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29 may be an effective strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of PathophysiologyKey Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohao Zeng
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Rixin Luo
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of PathophysiologyKey Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesGuangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular DiseaseThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qunying Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Su Y, Ke C, Li C, Huang C, Wan C. Intermittent hypoxia promotes the recovery of motor function in rats with cerebral ischemia by regulating mitochondrial function. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1364-1378. [PMID: 35665627 PMCID: PMC9442452 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221098962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia preconditioning is neuroprotective, but the therapeutic effects of intermittent hypoxia were not fully considered. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of intermittent hypoxia on motor function after cerebral ischemia and explored alternative clinical treatment options. In total, 36 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and then randomly divided into a sham-operated group (SHAM), tMCAO-sedentary group (SED), and tMCAO-intermittent hypoxia group (IH). The intervention was performed 1 week after tMCAO and lasted 4 weeks. Rats in the IH group were placed in an animal hypoxic chamber (altitude 5000 m and oxygen concentration of 13%) for 4 h/day and 7 days/week, and rats in the SED group were placed in a normoxic environment for 4 weeks. Body weights, neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarction volume ratios, gait analyses, mitochondrial structure, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and AMO-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), and silencing regulatory protein 3 (Sirt3) expression in the peri-ischemic region brain tissues were detected during the intervention. Compared with the SED group, the body weight of the IH group gradually recovered, and the neurological deficit scores were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The gait analysis results showed that the pressure of the affected paw and the maximum content area, swing speed, stride length, and other parameters were significantly restored (P < 0.05). The cerebral infarction volume ratio was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Mitochondrial morphological structure damage in the peri-ischemic region brain tissues recovered, the number was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α, and Sirt3 proteins (P < 0.05), and ATP content were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Intermittent hypoxia may activate the AMPK-PGC-1α-Sirt3 signaling pathway, promote mitochondrial biogenesis, repair mitochondrial ultrastructural damage, and improve mitochondrial function to reduce brain damage and promote motor function recovery in rats with cerebral ischemia.
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Bagnato S. The role of plasticity in the recovery of consciousness. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:375-395. [PMID: 35034750 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of consciousness (DOCs), i.e., coma, vegetative state, and minimally conscious state are the consequences of a severe brain injury that disrupts the brain ability to generate consciousness. Recovery from DOCs requires functional and structural changes in the brain. The sites where these plastic changes take place vary according to the pathophysiology of the DOC. The ascending reticular activating system of the brainstem and its complex connections with the thalamus and cortex are involved in the pathophysiology of coma. Subcortical structures, such as the striatum and globus pallidus, together with thalamocortical and corticothalamic projections, the basal forebrain, and several networks among different cortical areas are probably involved in vegetative and minimally conscious states. Some mechanisms of plasticity that allegedly operate in each of these sites to promote recovery of consciousness will be discussed in this chapter. While some mechanisms of plasticity work at a local level, others produce functional changes in complex neuronal networks, for example by entraining neuronal oscillations. The specific mechanisms of brain plasticity represent potential targets for future treatments aiming to restore consciousness in patients with severe DOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bagnato
- Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù (PA), Italy.
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Li C, Ke C, Su Y, Wan C. Exercise Intervention Promotes the Growth of Synapses and Regulates Neuroplasticity in Rats With Ischemic Stroke Through Exosomes. Front Neurol 2021; 12:752595. [PMID: 34777222 PMCID: PMC8581302 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.752595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability. Exercise produces neuroprotection by improving neuroplasticity. Exercise can induce exosome production. According to several studies, exosomes are involved in repairing brain function, but the relationship and mechanism of exercise, exosomes, and neuroprotection have not been elucidated. This study intends to explore the relationship and potential mechanism by observing the changes in the exosome level, infarct volume, neurological function and behavioral scores, synapses, and corticospinal tract (CST). Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: a sham operation (SHAM) group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with sedentary intervention (SED-MCAO) group, MCAO with exercise intervention (EX-MCAO) group, and MCAO with exercise intervention and exosome injection (EX-MCAO-EXO) group. The exercise intervention was started 1 day after MCAO and lasted for 4 weeks. All rats were assessed using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). The levels of exosomes in serum and brain, gait analysis, and magnetic resonance scan were performed 1 and 4 weeks after the intervention. After 4 weeks of intervention, the number of synapses, synaptophysin (Syn), and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95) expression was detected. Results: After 4 weeks of intervention, (1) the EX-MCAO and EX-MCAO-EXO groups showed higher serum exosome (pEX−MCAO = 0.000, pEX−MCAO−EXO = 0.000) and brain exosome (pEX−MCAO = 0.001, pEX−MCAO−EXO = 0.000) levels than the SED-MCAO group, of which the EX-MCAO group had the highest serum exosome (p = 0.000) and the EX-MCAO-EXO group had the highest brain exosome (p = 0.03) levels. (2) The number of synapses in the EX-MCAO (p = 0.032) and EX-MCAO-EXO groups (p = 0.000) was significantly higher than that in the SED-MCAO group. The EX-MCAO-EXO group exhibited a greater number of synapses than the EX-MCAO (p = 0.000) group. (3) The synaptic plasticity-associated proteins were expressed significantly higher in the EX-MCAO (pSyn = 0.010, pPSD−95 = 0.044) and EX-MCAO-EXO (pSyn = 0.000, pPSD−95 = 0.000) groups than in the SED-MCAO group, and the EX-MCAO-EXO group (pSyn = 0.000, pPSD−95 = 0.046) had the highest expression. (4) Compared with the SED-MCAO group, the EX-MCAO group had significantly improved infarct volume ratio (p = 0.000), rFA value (p = 0.000), and rADC (p = 0.000). Compared with the EX-MCAO group, the EX-MCAO-EXO group had a significantly improved infarct volume ratio (p = 0.000), rFA value (p = 0.000), and rADC value (p = 0.001). (5) Compared with the SED-MCAO group, the EX-MCAO group (p = 0.001) and EX-MCAO-EXO group (p = 0.000) had significantly lower mNSS scores and improved gait. (6) The brain exosome levels were negatively correlated with the mNSS score, infarct volume ratio, and rADC value and positively correlated with the rFA value, Syn, and PSD-95 expression. The serum and brain exosome levels showed a positive correlation. Conclusions: Exercise intervention increases the serum exosome level in MCAO rats, which are recruited into the brain, leading to improved synaptic growth and CST integrity, a reduced infarct volume, and improved neurological function and gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Changkai Ke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Wan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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A Review of Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Ischemic Stroke: Pathology and Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4218-4231. [PMID: 32691303 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After ischemic stroke, survivors experience motor dysfunction and deterioration of memory and cognition. These symptoms are associated with the disruption of normal neuronal function, i.e., the secretion of neurotrophic factors, interhemispheric connections, and synaptic activity, and hence the disruption of the normal neural circuit. Exercise is considered an effective and feasible rehabilitation strategy for improving cognitive and motor recovery following ischemic stroke through the facilitation of neuroplasticity. In this review, our aim was to discuss the mechanisms by which exercise-induced neuroplasticity improves motor function and cognitive ability after ischemic stroke. The associated mechanisms include increases in neurotrophins, improvements in synaptic structure and function, the enhancement of interhemispheric connections, the promotion of neural regeneration, the acceleration of neural function reorganization, and the facilitation of compensation beyond the infarcted tissue. We also discuss some common exercise strategies and a novel exercise therapy, robot-assisted movement, which might be widely applied in the clinic to help stroke patients in the future.
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Rauf S, Soesatyo MH, Agustiningsih D, Partadiredja G. Moderate intensity intermittent exercise upregulates neurotrophic and neuroprotective genes expression and inhibits Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellum of ovariectomized rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 382:112481. [PMID: 31954098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Decreases in estrogen levels due to menopause or ovariectomy may disrupt cerebellar motor functions. This study aimed at investigating the effects of Moderate Intensity Intermittent Exercise (MIEx) on the cerebellum of ovariectomized rats by analyzing neurotrophic and neuroprotective markers, as well as cerebellar motor functions. Thirty-two female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups, i.e. Sham and ovariectomy (Ovx) of non-MIEx (NMIEx) groups, and Sham and Ovx with MIEx groups. MIEx was performed 5 days a week on treadmill for 6 weeks. Motor functions were assessed using rotarod, footprint, open field, and wire hanging tests. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of Pgc-1α, BDNF, synaptophysin, Bcl-2, and Bax. Unbiased stereology was used to estimate the total number of cerebellar Purkinje cells. The Ovx MIEx group had higher Pgc-1α and Bcl-2 mRNA expressions, and number of Purkinje cells, but lower Bax mRNA expression than the Ovx NMIEx group. All motor functions of MIEx groups were better than the Sham and Ovx groups without MIEx. Motor functions on rotarod task, OFT, and FPT correlated significantly with the mRNAs expression of Bcl-2, Bax, BDNF, synaptophysin, Pgc-1α, and the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells in ovariectomized rats. MIEx improves cerebellar neurotrophic and neuroprotective markers, as well as motor functions of ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidah Rauf
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Masohi Nursing Study Program, Maluku Health Polytechnic, Maluku, Indonesia.
| | - Marsetyawan Hne Soesatyo
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Denny Agustiningsih
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ginus Partadiredja
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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11
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Li X, Wang L, Zhang S, Hu X, Yang H, Xi L. Timing-Dependent Protection of Swimming Exercise against d-Galactose-Induced Aging-Like Impairments in Spatial Learning/Memory in Rats. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E236. [PMID: 31540073 PMCID: PMC6770394 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9090236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate beneficial effects of swimming exercise training on learning/memory, synaptic plasticity and CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) expression in hippocampus in a rat model of d-galactose-induced aging (DGA). Eighty adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: Saline Control (group C), DGA (group A), Swimming exercise before DGA (group S1), and Swimming during DGA (group S2). These four groups of animals were further divided into Morris water maze training group (M subgroup) and sedentary control group (N subgroup). Spatial learning/memory was tested using Morris water maze training. The number and density of synaptophysin (Syp) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in hippocampal dentate gyrus area, CREB mRNA and protein expression and DNA methylation levels were determined respectively with immunohistochemistry, western blot, real-time PCR, and MassArray methylation detection platform. We found that compared with group C, DGA rats showed aging-like poor health and weight loss as well as hippocampal neurodegenerative characteristics. Exercise training led to a time-dependent decrease in average escape latency and improved spatial memory. Exercise training group (S2M) had significantly increased swim distance as compared with controls. These functional improvements in S2M group were associated with higher Syp and mGluR1 values in hippocampus (p < 0.01) as well as higher levels of hippocampal CREB protein/mRNA expression and gene methylation. In conclusion, swimming exercise training selectively during drug-induced aging process protected hippocampal neurons against DGA-elicited degenerative changes and in turn maintained neuronal synaptic plasticity and learning/memory function, possibly through upregulation of hippocampal CREB protein/mRNA and reduction of DGA-induced methylation of CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medical Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Human Kinesiology, School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Human Kinesiology, School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Department of Human Kinesiology, School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Human Kinesiology, School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huijun Yang
- Department of Morphology Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, China.
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA.
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12
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Yulinda ST, Tinduh D, Wardhani L, Laswati H, Wibisono S, Soenarnatalina M. Brain Derived Neurotropic Factors in Speed vs. Inclined Treadmill in Young Adult Healthy Male With Occult Balance Disorder. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:33. [PMID: 31440145 PMCID: PMC6691687 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is an increase in fall risk among elders and young adults consecutively due to various causes. Occult balance disorder may be among the abnormal causes of falling in young adults as well as elders. The One Leg Stance (OLS) test is used to diagnose this balance performance; it's a proven test to measure static balance function which would lead to dynamic balance function. It has been proven that aside from cardiopulmonary exercises, treadmill workout can be used as a dynamic balance exercise. The Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) increases balance function through the treadmill exercise (the inclination and speed). This hormone is one of the tropical hormones generated in neurons, muscles, hematopoietic tissue and it is characterized by neurons morphology regulation and neuroplasticity. Materials and Methods: We divided 20 healthy young adult men to work out on inclination and speed groups treadmill exercise. The workout lasted for 2 weeks. We immediately observed the effect of exercise on serum BDNF as two tests were taken on before and 30 min after the workout. Result: There were significant increases of pre-exercise serum BDNF level in speed group between the first and the last exercise (p = 0.001), post-exercise between the first day and the last exercise (p = 0.001). No significant increase of serum BDNF in speed group pre- and post-exercise on the first exercise (p = 0.159), pre- and post-exercise on the last exercise (p = 0.892). There was no significant increase in serum BDNF in inclination group on all parameters (p > 0.05). The serum BDNF is actually a neurotropic factor that affects not just the neuronal system, but also molecular energy and metabolism regulation. This serum is dependent on the aerobic capacity, lactate production, muscle calcium uptake, and muscle fiber type used in exercises. Furthermore, the serum BDNF is increased by treadmill exercises in escalated speed. Conclusion: Treadmill exercises with average speed escalation increase the serum BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Yulinda
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Damayanti Tinduh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lukitra Wardhani
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hening Laswati
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sony Wibisono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Melaniani Soenarnatalina
- Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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13
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Wang YH, Yang YL, Cheng X, Zhang J, Li W, Du GH. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract regulates differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:470-479. [PMID: 30539815 PMCID: PMC6334616 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction has been widely used to treat stroke and sequelae of stroke. We have previously shown that the active fractions of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction attenuate cerebral ischemic injury. However, the global protein profile and signaling conduction pathways regulated by Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction are still unclear. This study established a two-vessel occlusion rat model by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Rats were intragastrically administered 50 or 150 mg/kg Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction for 4 consecutive weeks. Learning and memory abilities were measured with Morris water maze. Motor ability was detected with prehensile test. Coordination ability was examined using the inclined screen test. Neuronal plasticity was observed by immunofluorescent staining. Differentially expressed proteins of rat hippocampus were analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics. Real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to identify the changes in proteins. Results showed that Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction dramatically alleviated learning and memory deficits, and motor and coordination dysfunction, and increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract remarkably decreased 13 upregulated proteins and increased 39 downregulated proteins. The regulated proteins were mainly involved in oxidation reduction process, intracellular signaling cascade process, and protein catabolic process. The signaling pathways were mainly involved in ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and the phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Furthermore, there was an interaction among Rab2a, Ptpn1, Ppm1e, Cdk18, Gorasp2, Eps15, Capza2, Syngap1 and Mt-nd1. Protein analyses confirmed the changes in expression of MT-ND1. The current findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract’s effects on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Lin Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Multimodal Rehabilitation Program Promotes Motor Function Recovery of Rats After Ischemic Stroke by Upregulating Expressions of GAP-43, SYN, HSP70, and C-MYC. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2829-2839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Hypoxic postconditioning enhances functional recovery following endothelin-1 induced middle cerebral artery occlusion in conscious rats. Exp Neurol 2018; 306:177-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Lee ST, Venton BJ. Regional Variations of Spontaneous, Transient Adenosine Release in Brain Slices. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:505-513. [PMID: 29135225 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient adenosine signaling has been recently discovered in vivo, where the concentration is on average 180 nM and the duration only 3-4 s. In order to rapidly screen different brain regions and mechanisms of formation and regulation, here we develop a rat brain slice model to study adenosine transients. The frequency, concentration, and duration of transient adenosine events were compared in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (CA1), and thalamus. Adenosine transients in the PFC were similar to those in vivo, with a concentration of 160 ± 10 nM, and occurred frequently, averaging one every 50 ± 5 s. In the thalamus, transients were infrequent, occurring every 280 ± 40 s, and lower concentration (110 ± 10 nM), but lasted twice as long as in the PFC. In the hippocampus, adenosine transients were less frequent than those in the PFC, occurring every 79 ± 7 s, but the average concentration (240 ± 20 nM) was significantly higher. Adenosine transients are largely maintained after applying 200 nM tetrodotoxin, implying they are not activity dependent. The response to adenosine A1 antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) differed by region; DPCPX had no significant effects in the PFC, but increased the average transient concentration in the thalamus and both the transient frequency and concentration in the hippocampus. Thus, the amount of adenosine available to activate receptors, and the ability to upregulate adenosine signaling with DPCPX, varies by brain region. This is an important consideration for designing treatments that modulate adenosine in order to cause neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
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17
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Abbasian S, Rastegar MM M. Is the Intensity or Duration of Treadmill Training Important for Stroke Patients? A Meta-Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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18
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The Effects of Early Exercise on Motor, Sense, and Memory Recovery in Rats With Stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 96:e36-e43. [PMID: 27977432 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise is an effective, inexpensive, home-based, and accessible intervention strategy for stroke treatment, and early exercise after stroke has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. However, the effects of early exercise on comprehensive functional recovery remain poorly understood. The present study investigated the effect of early exercise on motor, sense, balance, and spatial memory recovery. DESIGN Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and were randomly divided into early exercise group (EE), non-exercise group (NE), and sham group. EE group received 2 weeks of exercise training initiated at 24 hours after operation. The recovery of motor, sense, and balance function was evaluated every 3 days after MCAO. Spatial memory recovery was detected from 21 to 25 days after MCAO. RESULTS The results showed that early exercise significantly promoted the motor and spatial memory recovery with statistical differences. The rats in EE group have a better recovery in sense and balance function, but there is no statistically significant difference about these results. CONCLUSION Our results showed that early moderate exercise can significantly promote motor and spatial memory recovery, but not the sense and balance functions.
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19
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Kumar A, Pareek V, Faiq MA, Kumar P, Raza K, Prasoon P, Dantham S, Mochan S. Regulatory role of NGFs in neurocognitive functions. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:649-673. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNerve growth factors (NGFs), especially the prototype NGF and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have a diverse array of functions in the central nervous system through their peculiar set of receptors and intricate signaling. They are implicated not only in the development of the nervous system but also in regulation of neurocognitive functions like learning, memory, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. Evidence even suggests their role in continued neurogenesis and experience-dependent neural network remodeling in adult brain. They have also been associated extensively with brain disorders characterized by neurocognitive dysfunction. In the present article, we aimed to make an exhaustive review of literature to get a comprehensive view on the role of NGFs in neurocognitive functions in health and disease. Starting with historical perspective, distribution in adult brain, implied molecular mechanisms, and developmental basis, this article further provides a detailed account of NGFs’ role in specified neurocognitive functions. Furthermore, it discusses plausible NGF-based homeostatic and adaptation mechanisms operating in the pathogenesis of neurocognitive disorders and has presents a survey of such disorders. Finally, it elaborates on current evidence and future possibilities in therapeutic applications of NGFs with an emphasis on recent research updates in drug delivery mechanisms. Conclusive remarks of the article make a strong case for plausible role of NGFs in comprehensive regulation of the neurocognitive functions and pathogenesis of related disorders and advocate that future research should be directed to explore use of NGF-based mechanisms in the prevention of implicated diseases as well as to target these molecules pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Karaikal, Puducherry 609602, India
| | - Vikas Pareek
- Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana 122051, India
| | - Muneeb A. Faiq
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Khursheed Raza
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pranav Prasoon
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subrahamanyam Dantham
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sankat Mochan
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
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20
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Long-term effects of enriched environment following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia on behavior, BDNF and synaptophysin levels in rat hippocampus: Effect of combined treatment with G-CSF. Brain Res 2017; 1667:55-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Tang QP, Shen Q, Wu LX, Feng XL, Liu H, Wu B, Huang XS, Wang GQ, Li ZH, Liu ZJ. STAT3 signal that mediates the neural plasticity is involved in willed-movement training in focal ischemic rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 17:493-502. [PMID: 27381726 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Willed-movement training has been demonstrated to be a promising approach to increase motor performance and neural plasticity in ischemic rats. However, little is known regarding the molecular signals that are involved in neural plasticity following willed-movement training. To investigate the potential signals related to neural plasticity following willed-movement training, littermate rats were randomly assigned into three groups: middle cerebral artery occlusion, environmental modification, and willed-movement training. The infarct volume was measured 18 d after occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the changes in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mRNA and protein, respectively. A chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to investigate whether STAT3 bound to plasticity-related genes, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptophysin, and protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1). In this study, we demonstrated that STAT3 mRNA and protein were markedly increased following 15-d willed-movement training in the ischemic hemispheres of the treated rats. STAT3 bound to BDNF, PICK1, and synaptophysin promoters in the neocortical cells of rats. These data suggest that the increased STAT3 levels after willed-movement training might play critical roles in the neural plasticity by directly regulating plasticity-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ping Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiang-Ling Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiao-Song Huang
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Gai-Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhong-Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zun-Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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22
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Zhang Y, Qiu B, Wang J, Yao Y, Wang C, Liu J. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effects of BDNF-Transfected BMSCs on Neural Functional Recovery and Synaptophysin Expression in Rats with Cerebral Infarction. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3813-3824. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Wang Y, Liu G, Hong D, Chen F, Ji X, Cao G. White matter injury in ischemic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 141:45-60. [PMID: 27090751 PMCID: PMC5677601 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the major causes of disability and mortality worldwide. It is well known that ischemic stroke can cause gray matter injury. However, stroke also elicits profound white matter injury, a risk factor for higher stroke incidence and poor neurological outcomes. The majority of damage caused by stroke is located in subcortical regions and, remarkably, white matter occupies nearly half of the average infarct volume. Indeed, white matter is exquisitely vulnerable to ischemia and is often injured more severely than gray matter. Clinical symptoms related to white matter injury include cognitive dysfunction, emotional disorders, sensorimotor impairments, as well as urinary incontinence and pain, all of which are closely associated with destruction and remodeling of white matter connectivity. White matter injury can be noninvasively detected by MRI, which provides a three-dimensional assessment of its morphology, metabolism, and function. There is an urgent need for novel white matter therapies, as currently available strategies are limited to preclinical animal studies. Optimal protection against ischemic stroke will need to encompass the fortification of both gray and white matter. In this review, we discuss white matter injury after ischemic stroke, focusing on clinical features and tools, such as imaging, manifestation, and potential treatments. We also briefly discuss the pathophysiology of WMI and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Dandan Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Engineering, United States
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medicine, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, United States.
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Taliyan R, Ramagiri S. Delayed neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury: putative role of BDNF and GSK-3β. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:402-10. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Bonetti LV, Ilha J, Schneider APK, Barbosa S, Faccioni-Heuser MC. Balance and coordination training, but not endurance training, enhances synaptophysin and neurotrophin-3 immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord after sciatic nerve crush. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:617-25. [PMID: 26316168 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous rehabilitation treatments have been shown to be useful for peripheral and central restoration after (PNI). METHODS After sciatic nerve crush, we investigated 4 weeks of endurance training (ET) and balance and coordination training (BCT) with sciatic function index, hind-paw stride length, and spinal cord dorsal horn synaptophysin and neurotrophin-3 immunoreactivity. RESULTS Our results demonstrated no significant differences between the non-trained (NT), ET, and BCT groups in sciatic functional index, and in stride-length analysis, but the ET showed higher values compared with the NT group. Synaptophysin immunoreactivity was higher in the BCT group compared with the NT group, and neurotrophin-3 immunoreactivity in the BCT group was greater compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION BCT can positively affect spinal cord plasticity after a (PNI), and these modifications are important in the rehabilitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Viçosa Bonetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jocemar Ilha
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Experimental, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Krauthein Schneider
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia Barbosa
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Neuroprotection of Early Locomotor Exercise Poststroke: Evidence From Animal Studies. Can J Neurol Sci 2015; 42:213-20. [PMID: 26041314 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early locomotor exercise after stroke has attracted a great deal of attention in clinical and animal research in recent years. A series of animal studies showed that early locomotor exercise poststroke could protect against ischemic brain injury and improve functional outcomes through the promotion of angiogenesis, inhibition of acute inflammatory response and neuron apoptosis, and protection of the blood-brain barrier. However, to date, the clinical application of early locomotor exercise poststroke was limited because some clinicians have little confidence in its effectiveness. Here we review the current progress of early locomotor exercise poststroke in animal models. We hope that a comprehensive awareness of the early locomotor exercise poststroke may help to implement early locomotor exercise more appropriately in treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Prenatal music stimulation facilitates the postnatal functional development of the auditory as well as visual system in chicks (Gallus domesticus). J Biosci 2014; 39:107-17. [PMID: 24499795 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-013-9401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmic sound or music is known to improve cognition in animals and humans. We wanted to evaluate the effects of prenatal repetitive music stimulation on the remodelling of the auditory cortex and visual Wulst in chicks. Fertilized eggs (0 day) of white leghorn chicken (Gallus domesticus) during incubation were exposed either to music or no sound from embryonic day 10 until hatching. Auditory and visual perceptual learning and synaptic plasticity, as evident by synaptophysin and PSD-95 expression, were done at posthatch days (PH) 1, 2 and 3. The number of responders was significantly higher in the music stimulated group as compared to controls at PH1 in both auditory and visual preference tests. The stimulated chicks took significantly lesser time to enter and spent more time in the maternal area in both preference tests. A significantly higher expression of synaptophysin and PSD-95 was observed in the stimulated group in comparison to control at PH1-3 both in the auditory cortex and visual Wulst. A significant inter-hemispheric and gender-based difference in expression was also found in all groups. These results suggest facilitation of postnatal perceptual behaviour and synaptic plasticity in both auditory and visual systems following prenatal stimulation with complex rhythmic music.
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Niemann C, Godde B, Voelcker-Rehage C. Not only cardiovascular, but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:170. [PMID: 25165446 PMCID: PMC4131191 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular activity has been shown to be positively associated with gray and white matter volume of, amongst others, frontal and temporal brain regions in older adults. This is particularly true for the hippocampus, a brain structure that plays an important role in learning and memory, and whose decline has been related to the development of Alzheimer's disease. In the current study, we were interested in whether not only cardiovascular activity but also other types of physical activity, i.e., coordination training, were also positively associated with the volume of the hippocampus in older adults. For this purpose we first collected cross-sectional data on "metabolic fitness" (cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength) and "motor fitness" (e.g., balance, movement speed, fine coordination). Second, we performed a 12-month randomized controlled trial. Results revealed that motor fitness but not metabolic fitness was associated with hippocampal volume. After the 12-month intervention period, both, cardiovascular and coordination training led to increases in hippocampal volume. Our findings suggest that a high motor fitness level as well as different types of physical activity were beneficial to diminish age-related hippocampal volume shrinkage or even increase hippocampal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Niemann
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany
| | - Ben Godde
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany
- AgeAct Research Center, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany
- AgeAct Research Center, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany
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The effects of poststroke aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity: a systematic review of animal and clinical studies. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 6:13-28. [PMID: 25023134 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-014-0357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise may be a catalyst to promote neuroplasticity and recovery following stroke; however, the optimal methods to measure neuroplasticity and the effects of training parameters have not been fully elucidated. We conducted a systematic review and synthesis of clinical trials and studies in animal models to determine (1) the extent to which aerobic exercise influences poststroke markers of neuroplasticity, (2) the optimal parameters of exercise required to induce beneficial effects, and (3) consistent outcomes in animal models that could help inform the design of future trials. Synthesized findings show that forced exercise at moderate to high intensity increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), nerve growth factor (NGF), and synaptogenesis in multiple brain regions. Dendritic branching was most responsive to moderate rather than intense training. Disparity between clinical stroke and stroke models (timing of initiation of exercise, age, gender) and clinically viable methods to measure neuroplasticity are some of the areas that should be addressed in future research.
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Motor skills training promotes motor functional recovery and induces synaptogenesis in the motor cortex and striatum after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Behav Brain Res 2013; 260:34-43. [PMID: 24304717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of motor skills training on several types of motor function and synaptic plasticity following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected with collagenase into the left striatum to induce ICH, and they were randomly assigned to the ICH or sham groups. Each group was divided into the motor skills training (acrobatic training) and control (no exercise) groups. The acrobatic group performed acrobatic training from 4 to 28 days after surgery. Motor functions were assessed by motor deficit score, the horizontal ladder test and the wide or narrow beam walking test at several time points after ICH. The number of ΔFosB-positive cells was counted using immunohistochemistry to examine neuronal activation, and the PSD95 protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting to examine synaptic plasticity in the bilateral sensorimotor cortices and striata at 14 and 29 days after ICH. Motor skills training following ICH significantly improved gross motor function in the early phase after ICH and skilled motor coordinated function in the late phase. The number of ΔFosB-positive cells in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex in the acrobatic group significantly increased compared to the control group. PSD95 protein expression in the motor cortex significantly increased in the late phase, and in the striatum, the protein level significantly increased in the early phase by motor skills training after ICH compared to no training after ICH. We demonstrated that motor skills training improved motor function after ICH in rats and enhanced the neural activity and synaptic plasticity in the striatum and sensorimotor cortex.
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Clarner T, Wieczorek N, Krauspe B, Jansen K, Beyer C, Kipp M. Astroglial redistribution of aquaporin 4 during spongy degeneration in a Canavan disease mouse model. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 53:22-30. [PMID: 24272958 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Canavan disease is a spongiform leukodystrophy caused by an autosomal recessive mutation in the aspartoacylase gene. Deficiency of oligodendroglial aspartoacylase activity and a subsequent increase of its substrate N-acetylaspartate are the etiologic factors for the disease. N-acetylaspartate acts as a molecular water pump. Therefore, an osmotic-hydrostatic mechanism is thought to be involved in the development of the Canavan disease phenotype. Astrocytes express water transporters and are critically involved in regulating and maintaining water homeostasis in the brain. We used the ASPA(Nur7/Nur7) mouse model of Canavan disease to investigate whether a disturbance of water homeostasis might be involved in the disease's progression. Animals showed an age-dependent impairment of motor performance and spongy degeneration in various brain regions, among the basal ganglia, brain stem, and cerebellar white matter. Astrocyte activation was prominent in regions which displayed less tissue damage, such as the corpus callosum, cortex, mesencephalon, and stratum Purkinje of cerebellar lobe IV. Immunohistochemistry revealed alterations in the cellular distribution of the water channel aquaporin 4 in astrocytes of ASPA(Nur7/Nur7) mice. In control animals, aquaporin 4 was located exclusively in the astrocytic end feet. In contrast, in ASPA(Nur7/Nur7) mice, aquaporin 4 was located throughout the cytoplasm. These results indicate that astroglial regulation of water homeostasis might be involved in the partial prevention of spongy degeneration. These observations highlight aquaporin 4 as a potential therapeutic target for Canavan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany,
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ZHANG YUANCHAO, WEI GAOXIA, ZHUO JUNJIE, LI YOUFA, YE WEI, JIANG TIANZI. Regional Inflation of the Thalamus and Globus Pallidus in Diving Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45:1077-82. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31827f4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Roy S, Nag TC, Upadhyay AD, Mathur R, Jain S. Repetitive auditory stimulation at a critical prenatal period modulates the postnatal functional development of the auditory as well as visual system in chicks (Gallus domesticus). Dev Neurobiol 2013; 73:688-701. [PMID: 23696545 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extrinsic sensory stimulation plays a crucial role in the formation and integration of sensory modalities during development. Postnatal behavior is thereby influenced by the type and timing of presentation of prenatal sensory stimuli. In this study, fertilized eggs of white Leghorn chickens during incubation were exposed to either species-specific calls or no sound. To find the prenatal critical period when auditory stimulation can modulate visual system development, the former group was divided into three subgroups: in subgroup A (SGA), the stimulus was provided during embryonic day (E)10 to E16, in SGB E17- hatching, and in SGC E10-hatching. The auditory and visual perceptual learning was recorded at posthatch day (PH) 1-3, whereas synaptic plasticity (evident from synaptophysin and PSD-95 expression), was observed at E19, E20, and PH 1-3. An increased number of responders were observed in both auditory and visual preference tests at PH 1 following stimulation. Although a decrease in latency of entry and an increase in total time spent were observed in all stimulated groups, it was most significant in SGC in auditory preference and in SGB and SGC in visual preference test. The auditory cortex of SGC and visual Wulst of SGB and SGC revealed higher expression of synaptic proteins, compared to control and SGA. A significant inter-hemispheric and gender-based difference in expression was also found in all groups. These results indicate facilitation of postnatal behaviour and synaptogenesis in both auditory and visual systems following prenatal repetitive auditory stimulation, only when given during prenatal critical period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saborni Roy
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wu Y, Jia J, Wu J, Hu Y. Early Exercise Protects against Cerebral Ischemic Injury through Inhibiting Neuron Apoptosis in Cortex in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6074-89. [PMID: 23502470 PMCID: PMC3634421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early exercise is an effective strategy for stroke treatment, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Apoptosis plays a critical role after stroke. However, it is unclear whether early exercise inhibits apoptosis after stroke. The present study investigated the effect of early exercise on apoptosis induced by ischemia. Adult SD rats were subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) and were randomly divided into early exercise group, non-exercise group and sham group. Early exercise group received forced treadmill training initiated at 24 h after operation. Fourteen days later, the cell apoptosis were detected by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and Fluoro-Jade-B staining (F-J-B). Caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were determined by western blotting. Cerebral infarct volume and motor function were evaluated by cresyl violet staining and foot fault test respectively. The results showed that early exercise decreased the number of apoptotic cells (118.74 ± 6.15 vs. 169.65 ± 8.47, p < 0.05, n = 5), inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 (p < 0.05, n = 5), and increased the expression of Bcl-2 (p < 0.05, n = 5). These data were consistent with reduced infarct volume and improved motor function. These results suggested that early exercise could provide neuroprotection through inhibiting neuron apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Zhang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; E-Mail: (J.Z.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; E-Mail: (J.Z.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Genetic Diagnosis Center, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (J.W.)
- The Yonghe Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Junfa Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Yongshan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.J.); (J.W.)
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Malá H, Rodríguez Castro M, Pearce H, Kingod SC, Nedergaard SK, Scharff Z, Zandersen M, Mogensen J. Delayed intensive acquisition training alleviates the lesion-induced place learning deficits after fimbria-fornix transection in the rat. Brain Res 2012; 1445:40-51. [PMID: 22322151 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of two learning paradigms, intensive vs. baseline, on the posttraumatic acquisition of a water maze based place learning task. Rats were subjected either to a control operation (Sham) or to a fimbria-fornix (FF) transection, which renders the hippocampus dysfunctional and disrupts the acquisition of allocentric place learning. All animals were administered 30 post-lesion acquisition sessions, which spanned either 10 or 30days. The acquisition period was followed by a 7day pause after which a retention probe was administered. The lesioned animals were divided into 3 groups: i) Baseline Acquisition Paradigm (BAP) once daily for 30days starting 1week post-surgery; ii) Early Intensive Acquisition Paradigm (EIAP) 3 times daily for 10days starting 1week post-surgery; and iii) Late Intensive Acquisition Paradigm (LIAP) 3 times daily for 10days starting 3weeks post-surgery. Within the control animals, one group followed the schedule of BAP, and one group followed the schedule of Intensive Acquisition Paradigm (IAP). All lesioned animals showed an impaired task acquisition. LIAP was beneficial in FF animals, in that it led to a better acquisition of the place learning task than the two other acquisition paradigms. The FF/EIAP group did not show improved acquisition compared to the FF/BAP group. The control animals were not differentially affected by the two learning schedules. The findings have implications for cognitive rehabilitation after brain injury and support the assumption that intensive treatment can lead to an improved learning, even when the neural structures underlying such a process are compromised. However, the timing of intensive treatment needs to be considered further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Malá
- The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Shooshtari MK, Moazedi AA, Parham GA. Memory and motor coordination improvement by folic Acid supplementation in healthy adult male rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 15:1173-9. [PMID: 23653847 PMCID: PMC3646228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that vitamin B as well as folate supplementation has been implicated in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of folic acid on passive avoidance task and motor coordination in healthy adult male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were randomly divided into five groups with 10 in each. 1) Sham treated (Veh); received same volume of normal saline as folate vehicle, 2-5) Test groups; each received a single dose of folate (5, 10 and 15 mg/ml/kg, IP daily for one week). At the end of the treatment with folic acid or vehicle, motor coordination in rotarod (after 24 hr) and passive avoidance memory in shuttle box (after 2 and 30 days) were evaluated, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that folic acid (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) increased short-term (P<0.05, P<0.001) memory while, long term memory affected significantly with doses 10 and 15 mg/kg (P<0.01, P<0.001). On the other hand, folic acid (5 and 10 mg/kg) had significant improving effect on motor coordination (P<0.001, P<0.01) but with 15 mg/kg dose didn't have any effect on motor coordination. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that folic acid may improve both short- and long-term memories, dose dependently, although it affects motor balance at lower dose. The mechanism of folic acid effects on cognition and motor coordination is unknown and needs more investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khombi Shooshtari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran,Corresponding author: Tel: +98-611-3738513; Fax: +98-611-3331045;
| | - Ahmad Ali Moazedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Parham
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematic, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
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Archer T. Influence of Physical Exercise on Traumatic Brain Injury Deficits: Scaffolding Effect. Neurotox Res 2011; 21:418-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College Medicine, Korea
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