1
|
Matorras R, Chaudhari VS, Roeder C, Schwarze JE, Bühler K, Hwang K, Chang-Woo C, Iniesta S, D'Hooghe T, Mathur R. Evaluation of costs associated with fertility treatment leading to a live birth after one fresh transfer: A global perspective. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 89:102349. [PMID: 37327667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Considerable costs are associated with infertility treatment, but little evidence is available on the main drivers of treatment costs. This cost analysis investigated key costs for treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART) and the proportion of costs attributed to the acquisition of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) alfa originator for one fresh embryo transfer (ET) leading to a live birth in Spain, Norway, the UK, Germany, Denmark, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. The total costs for one ART cycle with a fresh ET leading to a live birth varied between countries (€4108-€12,314). Costs for pregnancy and live birth were the major contributors in European countries, and the costs of oocyte retrieval, monitoring during ovarian stimulation, pregnancy, and live birth were the top contributors in the Asia-Pacific countries, included in this analysis. Acquisition costs for r-hFSH alfa originator contributed to only 5%-17% of the total costs of one ART cycle with one fresh ET leading to a live birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Matorras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Human Reproduction Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Basque Country University, Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute, Spain; Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, IVI Bilbao, IVIRMA, Bilbao, Spain
| | - V S Chaudhari
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, USA.
| | - C Roeder
- Pharma Value Consulting, Switzerland
| | - J E Schwarze
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Bühler
- Scientific Centre for Endometriosis, University Hospitals of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Gynecology, Jena-University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - K Hwang
- Cha University, Fertility Centre, Bundang Medical Centre, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - C Chang-Woo
- Seoul Maria Fertility Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Iniesta
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ruber Internacional Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - T D'Hooghe
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, USA
| | - R Mathur
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajain M, Bhatia R, Tripathi M, Kumar N, Mathur R. Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Chronic Tension-Type Headache: A Randomized Controlled Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e34922. [PMID: 36938162 PMCID: PMC10015757 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 1-3% of the population is affected by chronic tension-type headaches (CTTH). However, it is still difficult to treat owing to the lack of knowledge of the disease's pathophysiology. Available literature suggests a role for pericranial muscle activity and abnormal modulation of central pain. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy done at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can help modulate pericranial muscle overactivity and central pain modulation in subjects with CTTH. AIM This randomized controlled study aimed to assess the effect of rTMS used in the low-frequency dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on pain and muscle activity in subjects with a chronic tension-type headache. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present randomized controlled clinical study was commenced in a health care center on 20 subjects with chronic tension-type headaches who were given either sham or low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The therapy effect was evaluated statistically using Welch's corrected t-test. RESULTS The study results depicted that daily use of rTMS therapy for two weeks led to a considerable reduction in the intensity of the pain, the activity of pericranial muscles, and headache impact, along with an increase in the nociceptive excitability thresholds in subjects with CTTH, with p=0.001 compared to the sham group. CONCLUSION Considering its limitations, the present study depicts that rTMS is an efficacious management tool for reducing pain associated with CTTH and can serve as the cornerstone for additional investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manju Rajain
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jaipur, IND
| | - Renu Bhatia
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, IND
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, IND
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, IND
| | - Nand Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, IND
| | - Rashmi Mathur
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gray R, Cheuk-Lam H, Turner D, Mamo A, Cranney G, Mathur R, Yu J. Mitral annular dysjunction in surgical mitral valve prolapse. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab289.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects 3% of the population and is the leading indication for mitral valve surgery.[1] Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is a structural abnormality commonly seen in patients with MVP.[2] MAD is defined as an abnormal separation (>5mm) between the left atrial wall-mitral valve junction and the left ventricle myocardium,[2] associated with hypermobility and myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve leaflets.[3] There is a paucity of literature regarding MAD, however evidence is growing that it may be associated with ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.[3] We examined the prevalence, imaging characteristics and clinical associations of MAD among patients who have undergone mitral valve surgery for MVP.
Methods
Single centre cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing mitral valve surgery for MVP over a 3-year period. Patient baseline characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, surgical outcomes, frequency of arrhythmic events and 3-year cardiac and all-cause mortality were recorded. Single site data was obtained from a prospective Australia-wide cardiac surgery registry, as well as retrospective analysis of holter-monitor reports, device interrogation and review of medical records. Transthoracic echocardiogram images were re-examined, and parameters re-measured by a qualified examiner.
Results
Among 73 patients with surgical MVP, 20 patients had MAD (27.4%). The median MAD length was 8.1 (IQR 6.8-11.8) mm. The most severely affected patient had a disjunction length of 28 mm. MAD was associated with younger age at surgery (60 vs 66, P = 0.005), female sex (40.0% vs 22.6%, P = 0.138), bileaflet MVP (50% vs 10.6%, P = 0.004) and less cardiovascular comorbidities, including hypertension (25.0% vs 57.7%, P = 0.013) and hypercholesterolaemia (30.0% vs 61.5%, P = 0.016). Patients with MAD had greater mitral valve leaflet lengths, mitral annular diameters, and high-velocity systolic signal on tissue doppler of the mitral valve annulus (pickelhaube sign). Three patients in the MAD positive group had an arrhythmic event (VF or VT) at 3 years compared to one in the MAD negative group. There was no significant difference in 3-year cardiac or all-cause mortality between groups.
Conclusion
MAD is a common anatomical abnormality in patients with surgical MVP, and is easily detected on transthoracic echocardiography. It is associated with younger age at surgery, female sex, bileaflet MVP, increased leaflet length and annulus diameter. There was a signal towards increased arrhythmic events in patients with MAD despite younger age and less cardiovascular risk factors. Large longitudinal studies are needed to further assess the association of MAD with arrhythmic events to help guild appropriate investigation and risk stratification of these patients. Abstract Figure. MAD on Parasternal Long axis view Abstract Figure. Pickelhaube sign
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gray
- Prince of Wales hospital, Department of Cardiology, Sydney, Australia
| | - H Cheuk-Lam
- University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Turner
- Prince of Wales hospital, Department of Cardiology, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Mamo
- Prince of Wales hospital, Department of Cardiology, Sydney, Australia
| | - G Cranney
- Prince of Wales hospital, Department of Cardiology, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Mathur
- Prince of Wales hospital, Department of Cardiology, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Yu
- Prince of Wales hospital, Department of Cardiology, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mathur R, Phadtare P. A study of perceptions about healthy food advertised in select urban areas in India. CM 2021. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2021.20.6069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The percentage of the obese and overweight population inIndia has alarmingly increased over the last few years. It isdescribed as a global epidemic that needs to be controlled.The two main reasons for obesity and overweight are lack ofphysical activity and lack of balanced diet. Childhood Obesityleads to many chronic diseases in adulthood if not cured. Withthe lifestyle change, physical activity has gradually decreased;therefore, a balanced diet is necessary to fight obesity. Obesitycan also be controlled among the youth so that it is notcarried forward in adulthood. Consequently, it is imperative toknow what makes them buy products that claim to be healthy.Advertisers use the central or peripheral route of advertising toendorse the products and add labels as heuristic cues to helpbuyers make a healthy choice. A questionnaire that was givento the sample to understand their perception of food productsthat claim to be healthy indicated that the influence of celebritybrand endorsers varies with categories of food products. It alsoindicated that all labels do not influence the buyer. The buyerswho claimed to check nutrient facts of the products also perceivedthe products to be healthy. Government guidelines havebeen established for nutritional claims made by the advertisers,but more information needs to be given to the buyers so thatthey can make an informed decision.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar S, Pal A, Jain S, Velpandian T, Mathur R. Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111431. [PMID: 34827430 PMCID: PMC8615391 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most incapacitating pathologies, leading to huge rehabilitation challenges besides a social-economic burden on SCI patients and their families. There is no complete curative treatment available so far. Non-invasive and patient-friendly use of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field stimulation (EMF) has emerged as a therapeutic and rehabilitation option. In this study, we tested whole-body EMF stimulation on thoracic complete SCI-induced nociception including sensorimotor deficits in rats. The EMF application significantly attenuated hyperalgesia and allodynia to thermal, electrical, and chemical stimuli from 6 weeks onwards as well as restoration of spinal reflexes, viz., H-reflex and nociceptive flexion reflex at the study endpoint (week 8). Besides, massively increased glutamate at the SCI injury site was observed in SCI rats with no treatment, which was also attenuated significantly by EMF stimulation. Spinal cord histology of the injury area showed a decrease in lesion volume and glial population in the EMF-stimulated rats. These findings indicate the beneficial role of EMF stimulation after thoracic complete SCI in adult male rats and, thereby, a beneficial patient-friendly rehabilitation tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.P.); (S.J.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.P.); (S.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Suman Jain
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.P.); (S.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacy and Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Rashmi Mathur
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.P.); (S.J.); (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nieva J, Taylor A, Servidio L, Sun P, Okhuoya P, Horvat P, Tolani E, Magee K, Mathur R, Balakrishna S. P48.17 Real-World Study of Patients With EGFR Mutated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With First-Line Osimertinib. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Mathur R, Garg P, Muthuswamy V, Mathur P. Authors' response. Indian J Med Res 2021; 152:428. [PMID: 33380710 PMCID: PMC8061585 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.305171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Mathur
- For Indian Council of Medical Research Expert Group on DNAR, ICMR Bioethics Unit, Bengaluru 562 110, Karnataka, India
| | - P Garg
- For Indian Council of Medical Research Expert Group on DNAR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - V Muthuswamy
- For Indian Council of Medical Research Expert Group on DNAR, ICMR Bioethics Unit, Bengaluru 562 110, Karnataka, India
| | - P Mathur
- For Indian Council of Medical Research Expert Group on DNAR, National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan, Poojanhalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru 562 110, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boivin J, Harrison C, Mathur R, Burns G, Pericleous-Smith A, Gameiro S. Patient experiences of fertility clinic closure during the COVID-19 pandemic: appraisals, coping and emotions. Hum Reprod 2020; 35:2556-2566. [PMID: 32761248 PMCID: PMC7454659 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are appraisals, coping strategies and emotional reactions of patients to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fertility clinic closures? SUMMARY ANSWER Clinic closure was appraised as stressful due to uncertainty and threat to the attainability of the parenthood goal but patients were able to cope using strategies that fit the uncertainty of the situation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Psychological research on COVID-19 suggests that people are more anxious than historical norms and moderately to extremely upset about fertility treatment cancellation owing to COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study was of cross-sectional design, comprising a mixed-methods, English language, anonymous, online survey posted from April 09 to April 21 to social media. Eligibility criteria were being affected by COVID-19 fertility clinic closure, 18 years of age or older and able to complete the survey in English. In total, 946 people clicked on the survey link, 76 did not consent, 420 started but did not complete survey, and 450 completed (48% completion, 446 women, four men). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Overall 74.7% (n = 336) of respondents were residents in the UK with an average age of 33.6 years (SD = 4.4) and average years trying to conceive, 3.5 years (SD = 2.22). The survey comprised quantitative questions about the intensity of cognitive appraisals and emotions about clinic closure, and ability to cope with clinic closure. Open-text questions covered their understanding of COVID-19 and its effect on reproductive health and fertility plans, concerns and perceived benefits of clinic closure, and knowledge about closure. Sociodemographic information was collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used on quantitative data. Thematic qualitative analysis (inductive coding) was performed on the textual data from each question. Deductive coding grouped themes from each question into meta-themes related to cognitive stress and coping theory. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Most patients (81.6%, n = 367) had tests or treatments postponed, with these being self (41.3%, n = 186) or publicly (46.4%, n = 209) funded. Patients appraised fertility clinic closure as having potential for a more negative than positive impact on their lives, and to be very or extremely uncontrollable and stressful (p ≤ .001). Most reported a slight to moderate ability to cope with closure. Data saturation was achieved with all open-text questions, with 33 broad themes identified and four meta-themes linked to components of the cognitive stress and coping theory. First, participants understood clinic closure was precautionary due to unknown effects of COVID-19 but some felt clinic closure was unfair relative to advice about getting pregnant given to the public. Second, closure was appraised as a threat to attainability of the parenthood goal largely due to uncertainty of the situation (e.g., re-opening, effect of delay) and intensification of pre-existing hardships of fertility problems (e.g., long time waiting for treatment, history of failed treatment). Third, closure taxed personal coping resources but most were able to cope using thought-management (e.g., distraction, focusing on positives), getting mentally and physically fit for next treatments, strengthening their social network, and keeping up-to-date. Finally, participants reported more negative than positive emotions (p ≤ .001) and almost all participants reported stress, worry and frustration at the situation, while some expressed anger and resentment at the unfairness of the situation. Overall, 11.9% were not at all able to cope, with reports of intense feelings of hopelessness and deteriorating wellbeing and mental health. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The survey captures patient reactions at a specific point in time, during lockdown and before clinics announced re-opening. Participants were self-selected (e.g., UK residents, women, 48% starting but not completing the survey), which may affect generalisability. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Fertility stakeholders (e.g., clinics, patient support groups, regulators, professional societies) need to work together to address the great uncertainty from COVID-19. This goal can be met proactively by setting up transparent processes for COVID-19 eventualities and signposting to information and coping resources. Future psychological research priorities should be on identifying patients at risk of distress with standardised measures and developing digital technologies appropriate for the realities of fertility care under COVID-19. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) University funded research. Outside of the submitted work, Professor Boivin reports personal fees from Merck KGaA, Merck AB, Theramex, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S; grants from Merck Serono Ltd; and that she is co-developer of the Fertility Quality of Life (FertiQoL) and MediEmo apps. Outside of the submitted work, Dr. Mathur reports personal or consultancy fees from Manchester Fertility, Gedeon Richter, Ferring and Merck. Outside of the submitted work, Dr. Gameiro reports consultancy fees from Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Access Fertility and SONA-Pharm LLC, and grants from Merck Serono Ltd. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Boivin
- Cardiff University, School of Psychology, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Harrison
- Cardiff University, School of Psychology, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Mathur
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - G Burns
- Fertility Network UK, London, UK
| | | | - S Gameiro
- Cardiff University, School of Psychology, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhatnagar A, Sanghvi S, Mathur R, Sarda P. Clinical profile and outcome of patients with congenital heart disease treated with percutaneous transcatheter intervention. Indian Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
10
|
Hogrefe C, Henderson B, Tonnesen G, Mathur R, Matichuk R. Multiscale Modeling of Background Ozone: Research Needs to Inform and Improve Air Quality Management. EM (Pittsburgh Pa) 2020; N/A:1-6. [PMID: 33281437 PMCID: PMC7709794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hogrefe
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - B Henderson
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - G Tonnesen
- Air and Radiation Division, Region 8, Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO 80202
| | - R Mathur
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - R Matichuk
- Air and Radiation Division, Region 8, Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO 80202
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pathak N, Patel P, Mathur R, Burns R, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Denaxas S, Sonnenberg P, Hayward A, Aldridge R. Validity of UK electronic health records to study migrant health: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
An estimated 14.3% (9.4 million people) of people living in the UK in 2019 were international migrants. Despite this, little is known about how migrants access and use healthcare services. To use electronic healthcare records (EHRs) to study migration health, a valid migration phenotype is necessary: a transparent reproducible algorithm using clinical terminology codes to determine migration status. We have previously described the validity of a migration phenotype in CALIBER data using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), the largest UK primary care EHR. This study further evaluates the phenotype by examining certainty of migration status.
Methods
This is a population-based cohort study of individuals in CPRD Gold (1997-2018) with a Read term indicating migration to the UK. We describe completeness of recording of migration over time: percentage of individuals recorded as migrants. We also describe cohort size based on certainty of migration status: “definite” (country of birth or visa status terms), “probable” (non-English first/main language terms), and “possible” (non-UK origin terms).
Results
Overall, 2.5% (403,768/16,071,111) of CPRD had ≥1 of 434 terms indicating migration to the UK. The percentage of recorded migrants per year increased from 0.2% (4,417/2,210,551) in 1997 to 3.64% (100,626/2,761,397) in 2018, following a similar trend to national migration data. 44.27% (178,749/403,768) were “definite” migrants and 53.68% (216,731/403,768) were “probable” migrants. Only 2.05%(8,288/16,071,111) were “possible” migrants.
Conclusions
We have created a large cohort of international migrants in the UK and certainty of migration status is high. This cohort can be used to study migration health in UK primary care EHR. The large contribution of language terms make this phenotype particularly suitable for understanding healthcare access and use by non-English speaking migrants who may face additional barriers to care.
Key messages
We have developed a way to study migration health in UK primary care electronic health records. Our method is particularly useful to study healthcare for non-English speaking migrants who may face additional barriers to care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Pathak
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Patel
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Mathur
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, LSHTM, London, UK
| | - R Burns
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - S Denaxas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Hayward
- Institute for Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Aldridge
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bhate K, Lin L, Barbieri J, Mathur R, Sinnott S, Langan S. 375 The association between antibiotics for acne and subsequent infection sequelae and antimicrobial resistance: A systematic review. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Andrabi M, Andrabi MM, Kunjunni R, Sriwastva MK, Bose S, Sagar R, Srivastava AK, Mathur R, Jain S, Subbiah V. Lithium acts to modulate abnormalities at behavioral, cellular, and molecular levels in sleep deprivation-induced mania-like behavior. Bipolar Disord 2020; 22:266-280. [PMID: 31535429 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ample amount of data suggests role of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation as the cause and effect of mania. Studies have also suggested disrupted circadian rhythms contributing to the pathophysiology of mood disorders, including bipolar disorder. However, studies pertaining to circadian genes and effect of lithium treatment on clock genes are scant. Thus, we wanted to determine the effects of REM sleep deprivation on expression of core clock genes and determine whether epigenetics is involved. Next, we wanted to explore ultrastructural abnormalities in the hippocampus. Moreover, we were interested to determine oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the central and peripheral systems. METHODS Rats were sleep deprived by the flower pot method and were then analyzed for various behaviors and biochemical tests. Lithium was supplemented in diet. RESULTS We found that REM sleep deprivation resulted in hyperactivity, reduction in anxiety-like behavior, and abnormal dyadic social interaction. Some of these behaviors were sensitive to lithium. REM sleep deprivation also altered circadian gene expression and caused significant imbalance between histone acetyl transferase/histone deacetylase (HAT/HDAC) activity. Ultrastructural analysis revealed various cellular abnormalities. Lipid peroxidation and increased TNF-α levels suggested oxidative stress and ongoing inflammation. Circadian clock genes were differentially modulated with lithium treatment and HAT/HDAC imbalance was partially prevented. Moreover, lithium treatment prevented myelin fragmentation, disrupted vasculature, necrosis, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation, and partially prevented mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest plethora of abnormalities in the brain following REM sleep deprivation, many of these changes in the brain may be target of lithium's mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mutahar Andrabi
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Remesh Kunjunni
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Sriwastva
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Samrat Bose
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rashmi Mathur
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Jain
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivekanandhan Subbiah
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mathur R, Palla L, Farmer RE, Chaturvedi N, Smeeth L. Ethnic differences in the severity and clinical management of type 2 diabetes at time of diagnosis: A cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 160:108006. [PMID: 31923438 PMCID: PMC7042884 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize ethnic differences in the severity and clinical management of type 2 diabetes at initial diagnosis. METHODS An observational cohort study of 179,886 people with incident type 2 diabetes between 2004 and 2017 in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink was undertaken; 63.4% of the cohort were of white ethnicity, 3.9% south Asian, and 1.6% black. Ethnic differences in clinical profile at diagnosis, consultation rates, and risk factor recording were derived from linear and logistic regression. Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to determine ethnic differences in time to initiation of therapeutic and non-therapeutic management following diagnosis. All analyses adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, and clustering by practice. RESULTS In the 12 months prior to diagnosis, non-white groups had fewer consultations compared to white groups, but risk factor recording was better than or equivalent to white groups for 9/10 risk factors for south Asian groups and 8/10 risk factors for black groups (p < 0.002). Blood pressure, BMI, cholesterol, eGFR, and CVD risk levels were more favourable in non-white groups, and prevalence of macrovascular disease was significantly lower (p < 0.003). Time to initiation of antidiabetic treatment and first risk assessment was faster in non-white groups relative to white groups, while time to risk factor measurement and diabetes review was slower. CONCLUSIONS We find limited evidence of systematic ethnic inequalities around the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Ethnic disparities in downstream consequences may relate to genetic risk factors, or manifest later in the care pathway, potentially in relation to long-term risk factor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mathur
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - L Palla
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - R E Farmer
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - N Chaturvedi
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - L Smeeth
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Magan D, Yadav RK, Bal CS, Mathur R, Pandey RM. Brain Plasticity and Neurophysiological Correlates of Meditation in Long-Term Meditators: A18Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study Based on an Innovative Methodology. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:1172-1182. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Magan
- Integral Health Clinic, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Integral Health Clinic, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Mathur
- Integral Health Clinic, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sanghvi S, Rathi L, Mathur R. Factors Affecting Normalization of ECG changes in STEMI Patients. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
17
|
Torres A, Mathur R, Maignan K, Tucker M, Ciofalo K, Khozin S, Carson K. Association of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy with overall survival (OS) in stage IV melanoma treated with targeted therapies. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
18
|
Kumar S, Dey S, Boss S, Jain S, Mathur R. Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury: Behavioral, Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Study. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
19
|
Nickkho-Amiry M, Horne G, Akhtar M, Mathur R, Brison DR. Hydatidiform molar pregnancy following assisted reproduction. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:667-671. [PMID: 30612209 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) is increasing; however, reports of molar pregnancy following ART remain scarce. Currently, the Human Fertility and Embryology Authority (HFEA) collates data on the molar pregnancies that have resulted through the use of ART. Recently, they have indicated that they will no longer collect these data. AIM This paper aimed to examine the incidence of molar pregnancy amongst patients undergoing assisted reproduction. METHODS We contacted HFEA and placed a request under the Freedom of Information Act (2000) for the number of molar pregnancies that resulted from fresh/frozen embryo transfer since HFEA started collecting data in 1991 to February 2018. We also asked how many patients who had suffered a molar pregnancy went on to have a normal pregnancy and how many had subsequent molar pregnancies, in subsequent treatment cycles. RESULTS Between 68 and 76 molar pregnancies occurred within this period using ART (n = 274,655). The incidence of molar pregnancy using fresh intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (1/4302) and fresh in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (1/4333) was similar. The risk of recurrence of molar pregnancy following a previous molar was higher following ART compared to spontaneous conceptions. CONCLUSION The use of ICSI should be protective against triploidy; however, the retrospective data suggests that molar pregnancy is not eliminated with the use of ART. It is pertinent to continue to record this data, through the gestational trophoblastic disease centres, in order to ensure no further increase in incidence, appropriate follow-up, and transparency in communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nickkho-Amiry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-lyne, OL6 9RW, UK.
| | - G Horne
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - M Akhtar
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - R Mathur
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - D R Brison
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Malawana M, Hutchings A, Mathur R, Robson J. Ethnic variations in the risk of hypoglycaemia among people with Type 2 diabetes prescribed insulins and/or sulfonylureas: a historical cohort study using general practice-recorded data. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1707-1715. [PMID: 30264528 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify ethnic differences in hypoglycaemic risk among people with Type 2 diabetes prescribed insulins and/or sulfonylureas in community settings. METHODS Using routine general practice-recorded data, two cohorts of adults with Type 2 diabetes from east London were studied between January 2013 and December 2015: (1) adults prescribed insulins ± other antidiabetes medications (n=7269) and (2) adults prescribed sulfonylureas ± other antidiabetes medications excluding insulins (n=12 502). Incidence rate ratios of hypoglycaemia by ethnicity, adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status and clustering within Clinical Commissioning Groups, were estimated using random effects Poisson regression. RESULTS Compared with white British people prescribed insulins, those of black Caribbean ethnicity were at increased hypoglycaemic risk [adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.56 (95% CI 1.21,2.01)], while Bangladeshi people had a lower risk [adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.49 (95% CI, 0.38,0.64)]. In the sulfonylurea cohort, black Caribbean, black African and Indian people all had increased risks of hypoglycaemia compared with white British people [adjusted incidence rate ratios 1.63 (95% CI 1.15,2.29), 1.90 (95% CI 1.32,2.75) and 1.93 (95% CI 1.39,2.69), respectively]. CONCLUSION The differences in hypoglycaemic risk among people with Type 2 diabetes prescribed insulin and/or sulfonylureas warrant further investigation of any differing biological responses and/or cultural attitudes to antidiabetes therapy among ethnic groups, and should be considered by clinicians evaluating the treatment goals of people with Type 2 diabetes using insulins or sulfonylureas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Malawana
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A Hutchings
- Departments of Health Services Research and Policy, London, UK
| | - R Mathur
- Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J Robson
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pal A, Kumar S, Jain S, Nag TC, Mathur R. Neuroregenerative Effects of Electromagnetic Field and Magnetic Nanoparticles on Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2018; 18:6756-6764. [PMID: 29954491 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) along with electromagnetic fields (MF) exposure on spontaneous and induced axonal sprouting after spinal cord injury (SCI). Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to spinal cord transection at the T13 segment. The IONP (25 μg/mL) embedded in 3% agarose gel was implanted at the injury site and subsequently exposed to MF (50 Hz, 17.96 μT, 2 hours/day for 5 weeks). Histological analysis of spinal cord tissue showed a significant increase in the expression of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 and it was found to be co-localized with neuronal nuclei marker and neurofilaments. The results show sprouting from mature neurons and axons, significantly less demyelination and more myelinated fibers were evident at the lesion site. However, no motor or somatosensory evoked potential response was observed, suggesting lack of long-distance functional connectivity. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of IONPs along with MF exposure in promoting neuroregeneration after SCI.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mathur R. Proof of the role of hyperosmolal food in development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Baklanov A, Brunner D, Carmichael G, Flemming J, Freitas S, Gauss M, Mathur R, Schlünzen K, Seigneur C, Vogel B. Key Issues for Seamless Integrated Chemistry-Meteorology Modeling. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 2018; 98:2285-2292. [PMID: 30245523 PMCID: PMC6145459 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-15-00166.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Online coupled meteorology-atmospheric chemistry models have greatly evolved in recent years. Although mainly developed by the air quality modeling community, these integrated models are also of interest for numerical weather prediction and climate modeling, as they can consider both the effects of meteorology on air quality and the potentially important effects of atmospheric composition on weather. This paper summarizes the main conclusions from the "Symposium on Coupled Chemistry-Meteorology/Climate Modelling: Status and Relevance for Numerical Weather Prediction, Air Quality and Climate Research," which was initiated by the European COST Action ES1004 "European Framework for Online Integrated Air Quality and Meteorology Modelling (EuMetChem)." It offers a brief review of the current status of online coupled meteorology and atmospheric chemistry modeling and a survey of processes relevant to the interactions between atmospheric physics, dynamics, and composition. In addition, it highlights scientific issues and emerging challenges that require proper consideration to improve the reliability and usability of these models for three main application areas: air quality, meteorology (including weather prediction), and climate modeling. It presents a synthesis of scientific progress in the form of answers to nine key questions, and provides recommendations for future research directions and priorities in the development, application, and evaluation of online coupled models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Baklanov
- World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, and Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Brunner
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - J Flemming
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - S Freitas
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
| | - M Gauss
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway
| | - R Mathur
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - K Schlünzen
- Meteorological Institute, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Seigneur
- CEREA, Joint Laboratory École des Ponts ParisTech/EDF R&D, Université Paris-Est, Paris, France
| | - B Vogel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dey S, Bose S, Kumar S, Rathore R, Mathur R, Jain S. Extremely low frequency magnetic field protects injured spinal cord from the microglia- and iron-induced tissue damage. Electromagn Biol Med 2017; 36:330-340. [PMID: 29140736 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2017.1389750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is insult to the spinal cord, which results in loss of sensory and motor function below the level of injury. SCI results in both immediate mechanical damage and secondary tissue degeneration. Following traumatic insult, activated microglia release proinflammatory cytokines and excess iron due to hemorrhage, initiating oxidative stress that contributes to secondary degeneration. Literature suggests that benefits are visible with the reduction in concentration of iron and activated microglia in SCI. Magnetic field attenuates oxidative stress and promotes axonal regeneration in vitro and in vivo. The present study demonstrates the potential of extremely low frequency magnetic field to attenuate microglia- and iron-induced secondary injury in SCI rats. Complete transection of the spinal cord (T13 level) was performed in male Wistar rats and subsequently exposed to magnetic field (50 Hz,17.96 µT) for 2 h daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the study period, spinal cords were dissected to quantify microglia, macrophage, iron content and study the architecture of lesion site. A significant improvement in locomotion was observed in rats of the SCI + MF group as compared to those in the SCI group. Histology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry revealed significant reduction in lesion volume, microglia, macrophage, collagen tissue and iron content, whereas, a significantly higher vascular endothelial growth factor expression around the epicenter of the lesion in SCI + MF group as compared to SCI group. These novel findings suggest that exposure to ELF-MF reduces lesion volume, inflammation and iron content in addition to facilitation of angiogenesis following SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumil Dey
- a Department of Physiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Samrat Bose
- a Department of Physiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Suneel Kumar
- a Department of Physiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Ravinder Rathore
- b Department of Microbiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Rashmi Mathur
- c Department of Physiology , NDMC Medical College and Hindurao Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Suman Jain
- a Department of Physiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mathur R, de Korne D, Wong T, Chiang P, Wong E, Goh D, Chakraborty B, Nguyen H, Wai C, Tan D, Lamoureux E. Towards a shared care model for stable diabetic retinopathy patients: a feasibility trial in Singapore. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Mathur
- Vitreo-Retinal Services; Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore Singapore
| | - D.F. de Korne
- Vitreo-Retinal Services; Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore Singapore
| | - T.Y. Wong
- Vitreo-Retinal Services; Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore Singapore
- National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - P.P. Chiang
- Vitreo-Retinal Services; Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
| | - E.Y. Wong
- Vitreo-Retinal Services; Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore Singapore
| | - D. Goh
- Vitreo-Retinal Services; Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Singapore
| | | | - H. Nguyen
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
| | - C. Wai
- Vitreo-Retinal Services; Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Singapore
| | - D.H. Tan
- Vitreo-Retinal Services; Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore Singapore
- National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - E.L. Lamoureux
- Vitreo-Retinal Services; Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aggarwal H, Nair J, Sharma P, Sehgal R, Naeem U, Rajora P, Mathur R. Aegle marmelos differentially affects hepatic markers of glycolysis, insulin signalling pathway, hypoxia, and inflammation in HepG2 cells grown in fructose versus glucose-rich environment. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 438:1-16. [PMID: 28766170 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fructose consumption is responsible for the onset of insulin resistance (IR), and metabolic syndrome. It possesses no functional utility in body and its detrimental effects on hepatic metabolic milieu are beyond those produced by glucose. The need of the hour is to identify fructose-induced IR as an unique pathological state to be managed differentially. The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Aegle marmelos (AM) on hepatic markers of insulin resistance using HepG2 cells cultured in either fructose or glucose-rich environment is investigated. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were grown under standard conditions in either-DMEM without glucose (NC), DMEM with high glucose 25 mM (Glu), DMEM-glucose+0.55 mM fructose (FC1), DMEM-glucose+1 mM fructose (FC2) or DMEM-glucose+1 mM fructose+0.1 µM insulin (FC3). The cells were treated with either AM, rutin, quercetin, metformin or pioglitazone and assessed for levels of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), aldehyde dehydrogenase, phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3K), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), mitochondrial target of rapamycin (mTOR), hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α). Summarily, when results from fructose- and glucose-rich environment were compared, then (1) IR was more pronounced in former; (2) AM performed better in former; (3) metformin and pioglitazone were equivocal in either; (4) rutin and quercetin showed deviant effects from AM; and lastly (5) effects of rutin were closer to AM than quercetin. We hypothesize that AM ameliorates fructose-induced IR through a mechanism which is distinct from standard drugs and not shared by individual phytoconstituents in toto.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, MB Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - J Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, MB Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - P Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, MB Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - R Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, MB Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - U Naeem
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, MB Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - P Rajora
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, MB Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - R Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, MB Road, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Andrabi M, Subbiah V, Sagar R, Mathur R. Demyelination in rat model of mania-like behavior. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAmple amount of data suggests role of REM sleep deprivation as the cause and effect of mania. In the present model, we have tried to implement behavioral sensitization to sleep deprivation, conditions mimicking natural circumstances, so as to produce an animal model with symptomatology resembling very close to human mania. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that mania is often co-morbid with multiple sclerosis, therefore we sought to find out whether myelin integrity is disrupted and if lithium could protect against such damage.Objectives(1) To analyse mania-like behavior after REM sleep deprivation. (2) To analyse any damage to myelin under TEM.AimsWe wanted to see if there could be any damage to myelin after behavioral sensitization to stress.MethodsRats were sleep deprived by classical flowerpot or platform method. OFT was performed to assess behavior of rats. The analysis was performed over 5 min, separated into 5 bins of 1 min each. Behavioral scores included total square entries, inner square entries, time spent in center, rearing frequency, time spent rearing, number of grooming bouts, time spent grooming defecation and time spent still. TEM was performed to study changes in myelination in two distinct regions of brain, DG and VTA.ResultsIt was observed that the REM sleep deprived rats had mania like symptoms. REM sleep deprivation lead to demyelination in DG and VTA. Lithium treatment restored myelination per se.ConclusionsThe result suggests the involvement of myelin damage in the pathogenesis of mania, Li offers protection against such damage.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Collapse
|
28
|
Vennam LP, Vizuete W, Talgo K, Omary M, Binkowski FS, Xing J, Mathur R, Arunachalam S. Modeled Full-Flight Aircraft Emissions Impacts on Air Quality and Their Sensitivity to Grid Resolution. J Geophys Res Atmos 2017; 122:13472-13494. [PMID: 29707471 PMCID: PMC5920554 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd026598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aviation is a unique anthropogenic source with four-dimensional varying emissions, peaking at cruise altitudes (9-12 km). Aircraft emission budgets in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere region and their potential impacts on upper troposphere and surface air quality are not well understood. Our key objective is to use chemical transport models (with prescribed meteorology) to predict aircraft emissions impacts on the troposphere and surface air quality. We quantified the importance of including full-flight intercontinental emissions and increased horizontal grid resolution. The full-flight aviation emissions in the Northern Hemisphere contributed ~1.3% (mean, min-max: 0.46, 0.3-0.5 ppbv) and 0.2% (0.013, 0.004-0.02 μg/m3) of total O3 and PM2.5 concentrations at the surface, with Europe showing slightly higher impacts (1.9% (O3 0.69, 0.5-0.85 ppbv) and 0.5% (PM2.5 0.03, 0.01-0.05 μg/m3)) than North America (NA) and East Asia. We computed seasonal aviation-attributable mass flux vertical profiles and aviation perturbations along isentropic surfaces to quantify the transport of cruise altitude emissions at the hemispheric scale. The comparison of coarse (108 × 108 km2) and fine (36 × 36 km2) grid resolutions in NA showed ~70 times and ~13 times higher aviation impacts for O3 and PM2.5 in coarser domain. These differences are mainly due to the inability of the coarse resolution simulation to capture nonlinearities in chemical processes near airport locations and other urban areas. Future global studies quantifying aircraft contributions should consider model resolution and perhaps use finer scales near major aviation source regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. P. Vennam
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W. Vizuete
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K. Talgo
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M. Omary
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - F. S. Binkowski
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J. Xing
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R. Mathur
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S. Arunachalam
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mathur R, Pérez-Pinar M, Foguet-Boreu Q, Ayis S, Ayerbe L. Risk of incident cardiovascular events amongst individuals with anxiety and depression: A prospective cohort study in the east London primary care database. J Affect Disord 2016; 206:41-47. [PMID: 27466741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown how risk of myocardial infarction and stroke differ for patients with and without anxiety or depression, and whether this risk can be explained by demographics, medication use, cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study is to quantify differences in risk of non-fatal MI or stroke among patients with anxiety or depression. METHODS Prospective cohort study examining risk of incident MI and stroke between March 2005 and March 2015 for 524,952 patients aged 30 and over from the east London primary care database for patients with anxiety or depression. RESULTS Amongst 21,811 individuals with depression at baseline, 1.2% had MI and 0.4% had stroke. Of 22,128 individuals with anxiety at baseline, 1.1% had MI and 0.3% had stroke. Depression was independently associated with both MI and stroke, whereas anxiety was associated with MI only before adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Antidepressant use increased risk for MI but not stroke. Mean age at first MI was lower in those with anxiety, while mean age at first stroke was lower in those with depression. LIMITATIONS The study was limited to patients currently registered in the database and thus we did not have any patients that died during the course of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients with depression have increased risk of cardiovascular events. The finding of no increased cardiovascular risk in those with anxiety after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors is of clinical importance and highlights that the adequate control of traditional risk factors is the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease prevention. Targeting management of classical cardiovascular risk factors and evaluating the risks of antidepressant prescribing should be prioritized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mathur
- Centre of Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - M Pérez-Pinar
- The Westborough Road Health Centre, Westcliff on Sea, UK
| | - Q Foguet-Boreu
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - S Ayis
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Ayerbe
- Centre of Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The Westborough Road Health Centre, Westcliff on Sea, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nand N, Deshmukh AR, Mathur R, Chauhan V. Gitelman Syndrome: Presenting During Pregnancy with Adverse Foetal Outcome. J Assoc Physicians India 2016; 64:104-105. [PMID: 27766821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy. The incidence of Gitelman syndrome is 25 cases in 1 million among western population. This patient presented with loose stool, vomiting and sudden onset quadriparesis. Investigations revealed hypokalaemia, metabolic acidosis, hypomagnesaemia, hypocalciuria, hypermagnesuria. Symptoms and hypokalemia improved after starting oral magnesium and potassium supplements. But the patient again presented with symptomatic hypokalemia and delivered a still born foetus with hydrocephalus. Patient was put on potassium sparing diuretics along with supplements and thereafter, has been asymptomatic. There have been very few case reports on Gitelman syndrome in pregnancy and most of them show favourable outcomes. This is a rare case report of a pregnant female with Gitelman syndrome with foetal loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Nand
- Senior Professor and Unit Head
| | - A R Deshmukh
- Resident, Dept. of Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana
| | - R Mathur
- Resident, Dept. of Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana
| | - V Chauhan
- Resident, Dept. of Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pérez-Piñar M, Mathur R, Foguet Q, Ayis S, Robson J, Ayerbe L. Cardiovascular risk factors among patients with schizophrenia, bipolar, depressive, anxiety, and personality disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 35:8-15. [PMID: 27061372 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence informing the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with psychiatric disorders is weak. METHODS This cohort study used data from all patients, aged≥30, registered in 140 primary care practices (n=524,952) in London to estimate the risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, tobacco consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity, between 2005 and 2015, for patients with a previous diagnosis of schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, bipolar or personality disorder. The role of antidepressants, antipsychotics and social deprivation in these associations was also investigated. The age at detection of cardiovascular risk factor was compared between patients with and without psychiatric disorders. Variables, for exposures and outcomes, defined from general practitioners records, were analysed using multivariate regression. RESULTS Patients with psychiatric disorders had an increased risk for cardiovascular risk factors, especially diabetes, with hazard ratios: 2.42 (2.20-2.67) to 1.31 (1.25-1.37), hyperlipidemia, with hazard ratios: 1.78 (1.60-1.97) to 1.25 (1.23-1.28), and obesity. Antidepressants, antipsychotics and social deprivation did not change these associations, except for smoking and physical inactivity. Antidepressants were associated with higher risk of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Antipsychotics were associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Antidepressants and antipsychotics were associated with lower risk of other risk factors. Patients with psychiatric conditions have later detection of cardiovascular risk factors. The interpretation of these results should acknowledge the lower rates of detection of risk factors in mentally ill patients. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular risk factors require special clinical attention among patients with psychiatric disorders. Further research could study the effect of antidepressants and antipsychotics on cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-Piñar
- The Westborough Road Health Centre, Westcliff-on-Sea, United Kingdom
| | - R Mathur
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary university of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Q Foguet
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Ayis
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Robson
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary university of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Ayerbe
- The Westborough Road Health Centre, Westcliff-on-Sea, United Kingdom; Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary university of London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schofield P, Das-Munshi J, Mathur R, Congdon P, Hull S. Does depression diagnosis and antidepressant prescribing vary by location? Analysis of ethnic density associations using a large primary-care dataset. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1321-1329. [PMID: 26879871 PMCID: PMC4828938 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have linked ethnic differences in depression rates with neighbourhood ethnic density although results have not been conclusive. We looked at this using a novel approach analysing whole population data covering just over one million GP patients in four London boroughs. METHOD Using a dataset of GP records for all patients registered in Lambeth, Hackney, Tower Hamlets and Newham in 2013 we investigated new diagnoses of depression and antidepressant use for: Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, black Caribbean and black African patients. Neighbourhood effects were assessed independently of GP practice using a cross-classified multilevel model. RESULTS Black and minority ethnic groups are up to four times less likely to be newly diagnosed with depression or prescribed antidepressants compared to white British patients. We found an inverse relationship between neighbourhood ethnic density and new depression diagnosis for some groups, where an increase of 10% own-ethnic density was associated with a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduced odds of depression for Pakistani [odds ratio (OR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-0.93], Indian (OR 0.88, CI 0.81-0.95), African (OR 0.88, CI 0.78-0.99) and Bangladeshi (OR 0.94, CI 0.90-0.99) patients. Black Caribbean patients, however, showed the opposite effect (OR 1.26, CI 1.09-1.46). The results for antidepressant use were very similar although the corresponding effect for black Caribbeans was no longer statistically significant (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION New depression diagnosis and antidepressant use was shown to be less likely in areas of higher own-ethnic density for some, but not all, ethnic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Schofield
- Division of Health & Social Care
Research, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine,
King's College London, Addison House,
Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - J. Das-Munshi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &
Neuroscience, King's College London,
UK
| | - R. Mathur
- Centre for Primary Care and Public
Health, Queen Mary University of London,
UK
| | - P. Congdon
- Centre for Primary Care and Public
Health, Queen Mary University of London,
UK
| | - S. Hull
- Centre for Primary Care and Public
Health, Queen Mary University of London,
UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Singh S, Tiwari AK, Varshney R, Mathur R, Shukla G, Bag N, Singh B, Mishra AK. Comparative evaluation of Bis(thiosemicarbazone)- Biotin and Met-ac-TE3A for tumor imaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 153:566-571. [PMID: 26436844 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
2,2',2″-(11-(2-((4-mercapto-1-methoxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraaza cyclotetradecane-1,4,8-triyl)triacetic acid, Met-ac-TE3A and (E)-N-methyl-2-((E)-3-(2-(2-(5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoyl)hydrazinecarbono-thioyl)hydrazonobutan-2-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide, Bis(thiosemicarbazone)- Biotin were synthesized and evaluated for imaging application. The pharmacokinetics of these ligands were determined by tracer methods. In vitro human serum stability of (99m)Tc Met-ac-TE3A/(99m)Tc Bis(thiosemicarbazone)-Biotin after 24h was found to be 96.5% and 97.0% respectively. Blood kinetics of both ligands in normal rabbits showed biphasic clearance pattern. Ex vivo biodistribution study revealed significant initial tumor uptake and high tumor/muscles ratio which is a pre-requisite condition for a ligand to work as SPECT-radiopharmaceutical for tumor imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Singh
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India; Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anjani K Tiwari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Raunak Varshney
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - R Mathur
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Gauri Shukla
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - N Bag
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - B Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil K Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Acharya J, Garg D, Mathur R, Jakhar S, Mahawar N, Mathur R, Kwatra A, Mathur R, Purohit R. 324P Aloe vera: an ancient herb for radiation induced xerostomia and oral fibrosis. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv527.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
35
|
Aggarwal H, Kaur H, Saklani R, Saba N, Choudhary S, Dogra S, Srivastava S, Mathur R, Gupta S. Prevalence of obesity and associated hypertension and diabetes in Delhi, metropolitan city of India. Indian Journal of Medical Specialities 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injms.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Mathur R, Dutta S, Velpandian T, Mathur SR. Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract affects hepatic glucose transporter-2 to attenuate early onset of insulin resistance consequent to high fructose intake: An experimental study. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:166-75. [PMID: 25829790 PMCID: PMC4357967 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.151459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is amalgam of pathologies like altered glucos metabolism, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and associated with type-II diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. One of the reasons leading to its increased and early incidence is understood to be a high intake of processed fructose containing foods and beverages by individuals, especially, during critical developmental years. Objective: To investigate the preventive potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves (PG) against metabolic pathologies, vis-à-vis, IR, dyslipidemia, hyperleptinemia and hypertension, due to excess fructose intake initiated during developmental years. Materials and Methods: Post-weaning (4 weeks old) male rats were provided fructose (15%) as drinking solution, ad libitum, for 8 weeks and assessed for food and water/fructose intake, body weight, fasting blood sugar, mean arterial pressure, lipid biochemistry, endocrinal (insulin, leptin), histopathological (fatty liver) and immunohistochemical (hepatic glucose transporter [GLUT2]) parameters. Parallel treatment groups were administered PG in doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/d, po × 8 weeks and assessed for same parameters. Using extensive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry protocols, PG was analyzed for the presence of phytoconstituents like Myrecetin, Luteolin, Kaempferol and Guavanoic acid and validated to contain Quercetin up to 9.9%w/w. Results: High fructose intake raised circulating levels of insulin and leptin and hepatic GLUT2 expression to promote IR, dyslipidemia, and hypertension that were favorably re-set with PG. Although PG is known for its beneficial role in diabetes mellitus, for the first time we report its potential in the management of lifelong pathologies arising from high fructose intake initiated during developmental years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Shagun Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - T Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, RP Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - S R Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jain S, Pal A, Nag TC, Mathur R. Neuroregeneration and functional recovery by magnetic field stimulation and iron oxide nanoparticles in rats with spinal cord transection. Brain Stimul 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
38
|
Gupta SK, Mathur R, Aggarwal H, Chaudhary S, Kaur H, Saklani R, Saba N, Dogra S, Kaur G. High BMI and Belly fat Correlate with Prevalence of Hypertension And Diabetes: A Cross Sectional Study In Sedentary Urban Popultaion Of Delhi. Value Health 2014; 17:A764. [PMID: 27202802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Gupta
- DIPSAR, University of Delhi, NEW DELHI, India
| | - R Mathur
- DIPSAR, University of Delhi, NEW DELHI, India
| | - H Aggarwal
- DIPSAR, University of Delhi, NEW DELHI, India
| | - S Chaudhary
- DIPSAR, University of Delhi, NEW DELHI, India
| | - H Kaur
- DIPSAR, University of Delhi, NEW DELHI, India
| | - R Saklani
- DIPSAR, University of Delhi, NEW DELHI, India
| | - N Saba
- DIPSAR, University of Delhi, NEW DELHI, India
| | - S Dogra
- DIPSAR, University of Delhi, NEW DELHI, India
| | - G Kaur
- DIPSAR, University of Delhi, NEW DELHI, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Roy S, Sharma HP, Nag TC, Velpandian T, Upadhyay AD, Mathur R, Jain S. BDNF mediated activity dependent maturation of visual Wulst following prenatal repetitive auditory stimulation at a critical developmental period in domestic chicks (Gallus domesticus). Brain Res Bull 2014; 109:99-108. [PMID: 25305344 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The developing visual circuitry attains its mature adult pattern through the process of activity-dependent refinement in which photic stimulation plays the major role. However, auditory stimulation can also facilitate the developing visual Wulst synaptic plasticity and postnatal perceptual behavior, though the underlying mechanism is unclear. We exposed the fertilized eggs of white Leghorn chickens during incubation to either species-specific calls or no sound for varying time periods depending on the functional development of the auditory and/or visual systems. The visual evoked potential (VEP) from the Wulst was recorded at embryonic days (E) 19, 20 and posthatch days (PH) 1-3, to assess functional maturation. A significant attenuation in latencies and higher amplitudes at PH1-3 in the stimulated groups that received exposure during visual system maturation, suggest beneficial effect of auditory inputs only during critical periods. Concomitant with this, there was a significant increase in the expression of BDNF and levels of neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine and serotonin from E18 only in both hemispheres of the visual Wulst. A significant inter-hemispheric difference in expression was also found in all groups. These results suggest the role of BDNF in activity driven structural and functional maturation of the visual system following prenatal repetitive auditory stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saborni Roy
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Hanuman Prasad Sharma
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rashmi Mathur
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Suman Jain
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sehgal L, Mathur R, Braun FK, Wise JF, Berkova Z, Neelapu S, Kwak LW, Samaniego F. FAS-antisense 1 lncRNA and production of soluble versus membrane Fas in B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2014; 28:2376-87. [PMID: 24811343 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired Fas-mediated apoptosis is associated with poor clinical outcomes and cancer chemoresistance. Soluble Fas receptor (sFas), produced by skipping of exon 6, inhibits apoptosis by sequestering Fas ligand. Serum sFas is associated with poor prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. We found that the alternative splicing of Fas in lymphomas is tightly regulated by a long-noncoding RNA corresponding to an antisense transcript of Fas (FAS-AS1). Levels of FAS-AS1 correlate inversely with production of sFas, and FAS-AS1 binding to the RBM5 inhibits RBM5-mediated exon 6 skipping. EZH2, often mutated or overexpressed in lymphomas, hyper-methylates the FAS-AS1 promoter and represses the FAS-AS1 expression. EZH2-mediated repression of FAS-AS1 promoter can be released by DZNeP (3-Deazaneplanocin A) or overcome by ectopic expression of FAS-AS1, both of which increase levels of FAS-AS1 and correspondingly decrease expression of sFas. Treatment with Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor or EZH2 knockdown decreases the levels of EZH2, RBM5 and sFas, thereby enhancing Fas-mediated apoptosis. This is the first report showing functional regulation of Fas repression by its antisense RNA. Our results reveal new therapeutic targets in lymphomas and provide a rationale for the use of EZH2 inhibitors or ibrutinib in combination with chemotherapeutic agents that recruit Fas for effective cell killing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Sehgal
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Mathur
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F K Braun
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J F Wise
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Berkova
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L W Kwak
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Samaniego
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hogrefe C, Roselle S, Mathur R, Rao ST, Galmarini S. Space-time analysis of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) Phase 1 air quality simulations. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2014; 64:388-405. [PMID: 24843911 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.811127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study presents an evaluation of summertime ozone concentrations over North America (NA) and Europe (EU) using the database generated from Phase 1 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII). The analysis focuses on identifying temporal and spatial features that can be used to stratify operational model evaluation metrics and to test the extent to which the various modeling systems can replicate the features seen in the observations. Using a synoptic map typing approach, it is demonstrated that model performance varies with meteorological conditions associated with specific synoptic-scale flow patterns over both eastern NA and EU. For example, the root mean square error of simulated daily maximum 8-hr ozone was twice as high when cloud fractions were high compared with when cloud fractions were low over eastern NA. Furthermore, results show that over both NA and EU the regional models participating in AQMEII were able to better reproduce the observed variance in ambient ozone levels than the global model used to specify chemical boundary conditions, although the variance simulated by almost all regional models is still less that the observed variance on all spatiotemporal scales. In addition, all modeling systems showed poor correlations with observed fluctuations on the intraday time scale over both NA and EU. Furthermore, a methodology is introduced to distinguish between locally influenced and regionally representative sites for the purpose of model evaluation. Results reveal that all models have worse model performance at locally influenced sites. Overall, the analyses presented in this paper show how observed temporal and spatial information can be used to stratify operational model performance statistics and to test the modeling systems' ability to replicate observed temporal and spatial features, especially at scales the modeling systems are designed to capture. IMPLICATIONS The analyses presented in this paper demonstrate how observed temporal and spatial information can be used to stratify operational model performance and to test the modeling systems' ability to replicate observed temporal and spatial features. Decisions for the improvement of regional air quality models should be based on the information derived from only regionally representative sites.
Collapse
|
42
|
Manjhi J, Kumar S, Behari J, Mathur R. Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field in prevention of spinal cord injury-induced osteoporosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 50:17-30. [PMID: 23516080 DOI: 10.1682/jrrd.2011.12.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF) on spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced osteoporosis in rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 24) were equally divided into sham, SCI, and SCI+MF groups. Complete transection of spinal cord (thoracic 11 vertebra) was surgically performed under anesthesia, whereas in the sham group only laminectomy was done. Post-SCI day 1, rats were either exposed (2 h/d × 8 wk) to ELF-MF (17.96 micro-Tesla, 50 Hz; SCI+MF group) or sham exposed (SCI group). Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score was recorded weekly. All the rats were sacrificed 8 wk post-SCI; tibia and femur bones were isolated for the analysis of bone mineral content (BMC; total calcium [Ca], phosphorus [P], carbon [C]), bone mineral density (BMD), and biochemical status (osteocalcin, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase). The BBB score decreased post-SCI, which partially recovered after ELF-MF. In SCI rats, there was a statistically significant decrease in BMC, Ca, P, C, BMD, and biochemical level in both the bones as compared with the sham group, which was attenuated in SCI+MF rats except the C content. Electron microscopic study revealed the enhancement of microstructural composition and compactness in cortical and trabecular parts of treated bones. The results suggest that the chronic (2 h/d × 8 wk) ELF-MF exposure (17.96 micro-Tesla, 50 Hz) to SCI rats is effective in attenuating SCI-induced osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanand Manjhi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dreyer G, Hull S, Mathur R, Chesser A, Yaqoob MM. Progression of chronic kidney disease in a multi-ethnic community cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2013; 30:956-63. [PMID: 23600455 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ethnicity is a risk factor for the prevalence of severe chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes. We studied the effect of ethnicity on progression of chronic kidney disease in people with diabetes managed in community settings. METHODS A 5-year retrospective, community-based cohort study of 3855 people with diabetes mellitus of white, black or South Asian ethnicity with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of < 60 ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻² was undertaken. From 135 general practices in east London, all cases with at least 3 years clinical data were included. Using repeated-measures analysis, the annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated. Comparisons between the rate of decline in the three main ethnic groups, with and without proteinuria at baseline, were made. RESULTS The annual adjusted decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate for this cohort was 0.85 ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻². The rate of chronic kidney disease progression was significantly greater in South Asian groups (-1.01 ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻²) compared with white groups (-0.70 ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻²) (P = 0.001). For those with proteinuria at baseline, the annual decline was greater at 2.05 ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻², with both South Asian and black groups having a significantly faster rate of decline than white groups. CONCLUSIONS For patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease managed in primary care, the annual decline of renal function is less than previously thought and approximates the age-related annual decline of 1 ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻². Patients with proteinuria and those of South Asian and Black ethnicity need additional monitoring as they are at greater risk of rapid chronic kidney disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Dreyer
- Renal Department, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pal A, Singh A, Nag TC, Chattopadhyay P, Mathur R, Jain S. Iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic field exposure promote functional recovery by attenuating free radical-induced damage in rats with spinal cord transection. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2259-72. [PMID: 23818782 PMCID: PMC3693820 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s44238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) can attenuate oxidative stress in a neutral pH environment in vitro. In combination with an external electromagnetic field, they can also facilitate axon regeneration. The present study demonstrates the in vivo potential of IONPs to recover functional deficits in rats with complete spinal cord injury. METHODS The spinal cord was completely transected at the T11 vertebra in male albino Wistar rats. Iron oxide nanoparticle solution (25 μg/mL) embedded in 3% agarose gel was implanted at the site of transection, which was subsequently exposed to an electromagnetic field (50 Hz, 17.96 μT for two hours daily for five weeks). RESULTS Locomotor and sensorimotor assessment as well as histological analysis demonstrated significant functional recovery and a reduction in lesion volume in rats with IONP implantation and exposure to an electromagnetic field. No collagenous scar was observed and IONPs were localized intracellularly in the immediate vicinity of the lesion. Further, in vitro experiments to explore the cytotoxic effects of IONPs showed no effect on cell survival. However, a significant decrease in H2O2-mediated oxidative stress was evident in the medium containing IONPs, indicating their free radical scavenging properties. CONCLUSION These novel findings indicate a therapeutic role for IONPs in spinal cord injury and other neurodegenerative disorders mediated by reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Pal
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Roy S, Nag TC, Upadhyay AD, Mathur R, Jain S. Repetitive auditory stimulation at a critical prenatal period modulates the postnatal functional development of the auditory as well as visual system in chicks (Gallus domesticus). Dev Neurobiol 2013; 73:688-701. [PMID: 23696545 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extrinsic sensory stimulation plays a crucial role in the formation and integration of sensory modalities during development. Postnatal behavior is thereby influenced by the type and timing of presentation of prenatal sensory stimuli. In this study, fertilized eggs of white Leghorn chickens during incubation were exposed to either species-specific calls or no sound. To find the prenatal critical period when auditory stimulation can modulate visual system development, the former group was divided into three subgroups: in subgroup A (SGA), the stimulus was provided during embryonic day (E)10 to E16, in SGB E17- hatching, and in SGC E10-hatching. The auditory and visual perceptual learning was recorded at posthatch day (PH) 1-3, whereas synaptic plasticity (evident from synaptophysin and PSD-95 expression), was observed at E19, E20, and PH 1-3. An increased number of responders were observed in both auditory and visual preference tests at PH 1 following stimulation. Although a decrease in latency of entry and an increase in total time spent were observed in all stimulated groups, it was most significant in SGC in auditory preference and in SGB and SGC in visual preference test. The auditory cortex of SGC and visual Wulst of SGB and SGC revealed higher expression of synaptic proteins, compared to control and SGA. A significant inter-hemispheric and gender-based difference in expression was also found in all groups. These results indicate facilitation of postnatal behaviour and synaptogenesis in both auditory and visual systems following prenatal repetitive auditory stimulation, only when given during prenatal critical period of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saborni Roy
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kumar S, Jain S, Velpandian T, Petrovich Gerasimenko Y, D. Avelev V, Behari J, Behari M, Mathur R. Exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field restores spinal cord injury-induced tonic pain and its related neurotransmitter concentration in the brain. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 32:471-83. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.743907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
47
|
Das S, Kumar S, Jain S, Avelev VD, Mathur R. Exposure to ELF- magnetic field promotes restoration of sensori-motor functions in adult rats with hemisection of thoracic spinal cord. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 31:180-94. [PMID: 22897399 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.695706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinically effective modalities of treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) still remain unsatisfactory and are largely invasive in nature. There are reports of accelerated regeneration in injured peripheral nerves by extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) in the rat. In the present study, the effect of (50 Hz), low-intensity (17.96 μT) magnetic field (MF) exposure of rats after-hemisection of T13 spinal cord (hSCI) was investigated on sensori-motor and locomotor functions. Rats were divided into hSCI (sham-exposed) and hSCI+MF (MF: 2 h/d X 6 weeks) groups. Besides their general conditions, locomotor function by Basso, Beattie, and Brenahan (BBB) score; motor responses to noxious stimuli by threshold of tail flick (TTF), simple vocalization (TSV), tail flick latency (TFL), and neuronal excitability by H-reflex were noted. It is found that, in the hSCI+MF group, a statistically significant improvement over the hSCI control group was noted in BBB score from post-SCI wk2 and TFL and TTF by post-hSCI wk1 and wk3, respectively. Correspondingly, TSV gradually restored by post-hSCI wk5.The threshold of H-reflex was reduced on ipsilateral side vs. contralateral side in hSCI and hSCI+MF group. A complete bladder control was dramatically restored on post-hSCI day4 (vs. day7 of hSCI group) and the survival rate was 100% in the hSCI+MF group (vs. 90% of hSCI group). The results of our study suggest that extremely low-frequency (50 Hz), low-intensity (17.96 μT) MF exposure for 2 h/d x 6wks promotes recovery of sensori-motor behavior including locomotion and bladder control both in terms of temporal pattern and magnitude in hemisection injury of (T13) spinal cord rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mathur VP, Dhillon JK, Kalra G, Sharma A, Mathur R. Survey of instructions to authors in Indian and British Dental Journals with respect to ethical guidelines. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2013; 31:107-12. [PMID: 23886722 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Publication can become a symbol of presenting how meticulously a person has followed ethical principles in research. It is the duty of the investigators or authors to carefully read the instructions to authors and generate data with honesty and genuineness. In fulfillment of the basic requisite to publish, clearly defined instructions to authors should be provided by the journal. AIMS To assess the pattern of instructions regarding the ethical requirements given to authors in Indian Dental Journals and tried to compare the same with British Dental Journals. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional survey of 'instructions for authors,' for analysis of guidelines on ethical processes, was done. MATERIALS AND METHODS Instructions to authors of Indian and British Dental Journals indexed in PubMed were reviewed for guidelines with regard to seven key ethical issues. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Descriptive statistics were used and results were expressed in percentages as well as numbers. RESULTS Of the 10 Indian Dental Journals, 7 (70%) cited ethical guidelines such as International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, Committee on Publication Ethics, Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines whereas out of 27 British Dental Journals, 16 (59.25%) cited these. Protection of human subjects such as approval from an institutional/independent ethics committee, obtaining informed consent and maintenance of confidentiality of patient records was covered with 8 (80%) Indian and 19 (70.3%) British Dental Journals. Four (40%) Indian and 13 (48.1%) instructed about animals welfare. Nine (90%) of the Indian and 25 (92.5%) British Dental Journals required declaration of conflicts of interest by authors. Publication issues and authorship/contributorship criteria were specified by all 10 Indian and 25 (92.5%) and 24 (88.8%) British journals respectively. 6 (60%) of Indian and 11 (40.75%) of British Journals explained about data management, in case of clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of Indexed Indian and British Dental Journals did not provide adequate instructions to authors regarding ethical issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V P Mathur
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mathur R, Amichai M, Chua KS, Mirocha J, Barlow GM, Pimentel M. Methane and hydrogen positivity on breath test is associated with greater body mass index and body fat. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E698-702. [PMID: 23533244 PMCID: PMC3615195 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract with methanogenic archaea (methanogens) significantly affects host metabolism and weight gain in animal models, and breath methane is associated with a greater body mass index (BMI) among obese human subjects. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to characterize the relationship between methane and hydrogen on breath test (as a surrogate for colonization with the hydrogen requiring methanogen, Methanobrevibacter smithii), body weight, and percent body fat in a general population cohort. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS This was a prospective study (n = 792) of consecutive subjects presenting for breath testing. SETTING The study was conducted at a tertiary care center. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS BMI and percent body fat were measured. RESULTS Subjects were classified into 4 groups based on breath testing: normal (N) (methane <3 ppm and hydrogen <20 ppm at or before 90 minutes); hydrogen positive only (H+) [methane <3 ppm and hydrogen ≥20 ppm); methane positive only (M+) (methane ≥3 ppm and hydrogen <20 ppm), or methane and hydrogen positive (M+/H+) (methane ≥3 ppm and hydrogen ≥20 ppm]. There were significant differences in age but not in gender across the groups. After controlling for age as a confounding variable, M+/H+ subjects had significantly higher BMI than other groups (N: 24.1 ± 5.2 kg/m(2); H+: 24.2 ± 4.5 kg/m(2); M+: 24.0 ± 3.75 kg/m(2); M+/H+: 26.5 ± 7.1 kg/m(2), P < .02) and also had significantly higher percent body fat (N: 28.3 ± 10.0%; H+: 27.5 ± 9.0%; M+: 28.0 ± 8.9%; M+/H+; 34.1 ± 10.9%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The presence of both methane and hydrogen on breath testing is associated with increased BMI and percent body fat in humans. We hypothesize that this is due to colonization with the hydrogen-requiring M smithii, which affects nutrient availability for the host and may contribute to weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mathur
- Division of Endocrine Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ansari A, Mathur R, Jain S, Bhattacharjee M. Study of effect of slow frequency repeated transcranial magnetic field on modulation of pain in fibromyalgia patients. The Journal of Pain 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.01.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|