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Wise SK, Damask C, Roland LT, Ebert C, Levy JM, Lin S, Luong A, Rodriguez K, Sedaghat AR, Toskala E, Villwock J, Abdullah B, Akdis C, Alt JA, Ansotegui IJ, Azar A, Baroody F, Benninger MS, Bernstein J, Brook C, Campbell R, Casale T, Chaaban MR, Chew FT, Chambliss J, Cianferoni A, Custovic A, Davis EM, DelGaudio JM, Ellis AK, Flanagan C, Fokkens WJ, Franzese C, Greenhawt M, Gill A, Halderman A, Hohlfeld JM, Incorvaia C, Joe SA, Joshi S, Kuruvilla ME, Kim J, Klein AM, Krouse HJ, Kuan EC, Lang D, Larenas-Linnemann D, Laury AM, Lechner M, Lee SE, Lee VS, Loftus P, Marcus S, Marzouk H, Mattos J, McCoul E, Melen E, Mims JW, Mullol J, Nayak JV, Oppenheimer J, Orlandi RR, Phillips K, Platt M, Ramanathan M, Raymond M, Rhee CS, Reitsma S, Ryan M, Sastre J, Schlosser RJ, Schuman TA, Shaker MS, Sheikh A, Smith KA, Soyka MB, Takashima M, Tang M, Tantilipikorn P, Taw MB, Tversky J, Tyler MA, Veling MC, Wallace D, Wang DY, White A, Zhang L. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis - 2023. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:293-859. [PMID: 36878860 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2018), the literature has expanded substantially. The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update presents 144 individual topics on allergic rhinitis (AR), expanded by over 40 topics from the 2018 document. Originally presented topics from 2018 have also been reviewed and updated. The executive summary highlights key evidence-based findings and recommendation from the full document. METHODS ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 employed established evidence-based review with recommendation (EBRR) methodology to individually evaluate each topic. Stepwise iterative peer review and consensus was performed for each topic. The final document was then collated and includes the results of this work. RESULTS ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 includes 10 major content areas and 144 individual topics related to AR. For a substantial proportion of topics included, an aggregate grade of evidence is presented, which is determined by collating the levels of evidence for each available study identified in the literature. For topics in which a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention is considered, a recommendation summary is presented, which considers the aggregate grade of evidence, benefit, harm, and cost. CONCLUSION The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update provides a comprehensive evaluation of AR and the currently available evidence. It is this evidence that contributes to our current knowledge base and recommendations for patient evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wise
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cecelia Damask
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Private Practice, University of Central Florida, Lake Mary, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren T Roland
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles Ebert
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sandra Lin
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amber Luong
- Otolaryngology-HNS, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth Rodriguez
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmad R Sedaghat
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elina Toskala
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Baharudin Abdullah
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang, Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Antoine Azar
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fuad Baroody
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher Brook
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Harvard University, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raewyn Campbell
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Casale
- Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mohamad R Chaaban
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy/Immunology, Genetics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chambliss
- Allergy/Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Antonella Cianferoni
- Allergy/Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne K Ellis
- Allergy/Immunology, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Allergy/Immunology, Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amarbir Gill
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashleigh Halderman
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Respiratory Medicine, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie A Joe
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shyam Joshi
- Allergy/Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jean Kim
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam M Klein
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Helene J Krouse
- Otorhinolaryngology Nursing, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - David Lang
- Allergy/Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University College London, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Stella E Lee
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria S Lee
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia Loftus
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sonya Marcus
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Haidy Marzouk
- Otolaryngology-HNS, State University of New York Upstate, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jose Mattos
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward McCoul
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Erik Melen
- Pediatric Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James W Mims
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jayakar V Nayak
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - John Oppenheimer
- Allergy/Immunology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Katie Phillips
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Platt
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Chae-Seo Rhee
- Rhinology/Allergy, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sietze Reitsma
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy, Fundacion Jiminez Diaz, University Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Theodore A Schuman
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Allergy/Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Primary Care, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kristine A Smith
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael B Soyka
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masayoshi Takashima
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Monica Tang
- Allergy/Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Malcolm B Taw
- Integrative East-West Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Westlake Village, California, USA
| | - Jody Tversky
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew A Tyler
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria C Veling
- Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dana Wallace
- Allergy/Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - De Yun Wang
- Otolaryngology-HNS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew White
- Allergy/Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Luo Zhang
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Ecevit MC, Özcan M, Haberal Can İ, Çadallı Tatar E, Özer S, Esen E, Atan D, Göde S, Elsürer Ç, Eryılmaz A, Uslu Coşkun B, Yazıcı ZM, Dinç ME, Özdoğan F, Günhan K, Bilal N, Korkut AY, Kasapoğlu F, Türk B, Araz Server E, Önerci Çelebi Ö, Şimşek T, Kum RO, Adalı MK, Eren E, Yüksel Aslıer NG, Bayındır T, Çakır Çetin A, Enise Göker A, Adadan Güvenç I, Köseoğlu S, Soylu Özler G, Şahin E, Şahin Yılmaz A, Güne C, Aksoy Yıldırım G, Öca B, Durmuşoğlu M, Kantekin Y, Özmen S, Orhan Kubat G, Köybaşı Şanal S, Altuntaş EE, Selçuk A, Yazıcı H, Baklacı D, Yaylacı A, Hancı D, Doğan S, Fidan V, Uygur K, Keleş N, Cingi C, Topuz B, Çanakçıoğlu S, Önerci M. Turkish Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis (ART). Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 59:1-157. [PMID: 34212158 PMCID: PMC8221269 DOI: 10.4274/tao.2021.suppl.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECT To prepare a national guideline for Otorhinolaryngologist who treat allergic rhinitis patients. METHODS The study was conducted by three authors, namely the writing support team. The support team made the study plan, determined the writing instructions, chose the subgroups including the advisory committee, the advisors for authors and the authors. A workshop was organized at the very beginning to explain the details of the study to the team. Advisors took the chance to meet their coworkers in their subgroups and determined the main headings and subheadings of the guideline, together with the authors. After key words were determined by the authors, literature search was done in various databases. The authors keep in touch with the advisors and the advisors with the advisory committee and the support group at every stage of the study. National and International published articles as well as the abstracts of unpublished studies, imperatively presented in National Congresses, were included in this guideline. Only Guideline and meta-analyses published in last seven years (2013-2017) and randomized controlled studies published in last two years (2015-2017) were included. After all work was completed by the subgroups, support team brought all work together and edited the article. RESULTS A detailed guideline about all aspects of allergic rhinitis was created. CONCLUSION The authors believe that this guideline will enable a compact and up-to-date information on allergic rhinitis to healthcare professionals. This guideline is the first in the field of Otolaryngology in Turkey. It should be updated at regular intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Cenk Ecevit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir
| | - Müge Özcan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey Faculty of Medicine, Ankara
| | - İlknur Haberal Can
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat
| | - Emel Çadallı Tatar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey Faculty of Medicine, Ankara
| | - Serdar Özer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara
| | - Erkan Esen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, İzmit
| | - Doğan Atan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lokman Hekim Hospital, Ankara
| | - Sercan Göde
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir
| | - Çağdaş Elsürer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya
| | - Aylin Eryılmaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydın
| | - Berna Uslu Coşkun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Zahide Mine Yazıcı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul
| | - Mehmet Emre Dinç
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Fatih Özdoğan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, İzmit
| | - Kıvanç Günhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa
| | - Nagihan Bilal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş
| | - Arzu Yasemin Korkut
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Fikret Kasapoğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa
| | - Bilge Türk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Ela Araz Server
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Özlem Önerci Çelebi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Tuğçe Şimşek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amasya University Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya
| | - Rauf Oğuzhan Kum
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey Faculty of Medicine, Ankara
| | - Mustafa Kemal Adalı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne
| | - Erdem Eren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir
| | - Nesibe Gül Yüksel Aslıer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa
| | - Tuba Bayındır
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya
| | - Aslı Çakır Çetin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir
| | - Ayşe Enise Göker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Işıl Adadan Güvenç
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bakırçay University Faculty of Medicine, Çiğli Training and Research Hospital, İzmir
| | - Sabri Köseoğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Medicine, Muğla
| | - Gül Soylu Özler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Hatay
| | - Ethem Şahin
- Bayındır Heathcare Group İçerenköy Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Aslı Şahin Yılmaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Ceren Güne
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir
| | - Gökçe Aksoy Yıldırım
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İzmir
| | - Bülent Öca
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Mehmet Durmuşoğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bakırçay University Faculty of Medicine, Çiğli Training and Research Hospital, İzmir
| | - Yunus Kantekin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Health Sciences Turkey, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri
| | - Süay Özmen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa
| | - Gözde Orhan Kubat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya
| | - Serap Köybaşı Şanal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu
| | - Emine Elif Altuntaş
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas
| | - Adin Selçuk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bahçeşehir University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul
| | - Haşmet Yazıcı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir
| | - Deniz Baklacı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bülent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak
| | - Atılay Yaylacı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli
| | - Deniz Hancı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Sedat Doğan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Adıyaman University Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman
| | - Vural Fidan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskişehir
| | - Kemal Uygur
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara
| | - Nesil Keleş
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul
| | - Cemal Cingi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir
| | - Bülent Topuz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli
| | - Salih Çanakçıoğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul
| | - Metin Önerci
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara
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5
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Castelli S, Arasi S, Tripodi S, Villalta D, Martelli P, Conte M, Panetta V, Simonelli I, Rohrbach A, Di Fraia M, Sfika I, Villella V, Di Rienzo Businco A, Perna S, Dramburg S, Potapova E, Matricardi PM. IgE antibody repertoire in nasal secretions of children and adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis: A molecular analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:273-280. [PMID: 31677297 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest both in testing IgE in nasal secretions (NS) and in molecular diagnosis of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Yet, the reliability of nasal IgE detection with the newest molecular assays has never been assessed in a large cohort of pollen allergic patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate with microarray technology and compare the repertoires of specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies in NS and sera of a large population of children and adults with SAR. METHODS Nasal secretions were collected with an absorbent device (Merocel 2000® , Medtronic) and a minimal dilution procedure from 90 children and 71 adults with SAR. Total IgE (tIgE) (ImmunoCAP, Thermo Fisher Scientific (TFS)) and sIgE antibodies against 112 allergen molecules (ISAC-112, TFS) were measured in NS and serum. RESULTS Nasal sIgE was detectable in 68.3% of the patients. The detected nasal sIgE antibodies recognized airborne (88%), vegetable (10%), and animal food or other (<1%) allergen molecules. The prevalence and average levels of sIgE in NS and serum were highly interrelated at population level. A positive nasal sIgE antibody to a given molecule predicted the detection of the same antibody in the patient's serum with a specificity of 99.7% and a sensitivity of 40%. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of sIgE is much lower in nasal secretions than in the serum. sIgE assays with very high analytical sensitivity and sampling methods with minimal dilution will be therefore needed to validate nasal secretions as alternative to serum in testing the sIgE repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveva Castelli
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Division of Allergy, University Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tripodi
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Allergy Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Villalta
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, "S.Maria degli Angeli" Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Paola Martelli
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, "S.Maria degli Angeli" Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Panetta
- L'altrastatistica srl, Consultancy & Training, Biostatistics Office, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Simonelli
- L'altrastatistica srl, Consultancy & Training, Biostatistics Office, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Di Fraia
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ifigenia Sfika
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Allergy Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Villella
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Allergy Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Serena Perna
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Potapova
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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